Journal articles on the topic '1847-1933'

The identity of Archierato maugeriae (Gray in Sowerby I, 1832) comb. nov., A. martinicensis (Schilder, 1933) comb. nov. and A. dalli (Morretes, 1941) comb. nov. from the Western Atlantic as well as of A. galapagensis (Schilder, 1933), A. columbella (Menke, 1847) comb. nov. and A. panamaensis (Carpenter, 1856) comb. nov. from the east Pacific are clarified based on the type specimens. The assignment to the genus Archierato Schilder, 1933 is confirmed. The clarification of the well-known, often misinterpreted taxa results in the description of four new species: Archierato michaelmonti nov. sp., Archierato rhondae nov. sp., Archierato janae nov. sp. and Archierato guadeloupensis nov. sp.

The generic name Geranoaetus Kaup, 1844 (type species: Falco aguia Temminck = Spizaetus melanoleucus Vieillot) generally has been applied only to its type species, G. melanoleucus, although inclusion of fossil species in the genus has been suggested (Wetmore 1933; Amadon 1963). Although Geranoaetus is still recognized by some authors (e.g., Thiollay 1994; Remsen et al. 2010), others consider it a junior synonym of the genus Buteo Lacépedè, 1799, because of similarities to some species in that genus (e.g., Wetmore 1933; Hellmayr & Conover 1949; Clark 2006). Recent studies of the molecular phylogenetics of buteonine hawks (Riesing et al. 2003; Lerner et al. 2008; Amaral et al. 2006, 2009) unanimously agree on the lack of monophyly of three buteonine genera, namely Buteo, Leucopternis Kaup, 1847 and Buteogallus Lesson, 1830, as currently recognized (Remsen et al. 2010).

A fully annotated catalog of genus- and species-group names of Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) is presented, providing details of references to these names in literature, and providing additional details such as distributions, generic combinations, synonymies, misspellings and emendations, information on types, notes on unusual situations, etc. As this catalog is meant to supplement the older Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico, to complete the cataloging of the New World Lauxaniidae, “Neotropical” is herein inclusive of everything south of the United States, and the Nearctic parts of Mexico are not separately distinguished. The catalog is organized alphabetically within each of the three lauxaniid subfamilies, Eurychoromyiinae, Homoneurinae and Lauxaniinae, treating 91 available genus-group names, of which 77 represent valid genera. In the species-group, the catalog treats 441 available species-group names, of which 391 represent valid Neotropical lauxaniid species, 39 are invalid, three are valid but extralimital lauxaniids, five are valid but removed from Lauxaniidae, and two are new replacement names for two homonyms outside Lauxaniidae. The following nine new genera are described, based on previously described species: Elipolambda Gaimari & Silva (type species, Sapromyza lopesi Shewell, 1989), Griphoneuromima Silva & Gaimari (type species, Sapromyza frontalis Macquart, 1844b), Meraina Silva & Gaimari (type species, Lauxania ferdinandi Frey, 1919), Myzaprosa Gaimari & Silva (type species, Myzaprosa mallochi Gaimari & Silva), Paradeceia Silva & Gaimari (type species, Sapromyza sororia Williston, 1896b), Pseudodeceia Silva & Gaimari (type species, Lauxania leptoptera Frey, 1919), Sericominettia Gaimari & Silva (type species, Minettia argentiventris Malloch, 1928), Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva (type species, Sapromyza semiatra Malloch, 1933), and Zargopsinettia Gaimari & Silva (type species, Minettia verticalis Malloch, 1928). The following four new replacement names in the species-group replace junior homonyms: Myzaprosa mallochi Gaimari & Silva (for Sapromyza spinigera Malloch, 1933, nec Malloch, 1925), Pseudogriphoneura mallochi Silva & Gaimari (for Minettia infuscata Malloch, 1928, nec Sciomyza infuscata Wulp, 1897), Xenochaetina hendeli Silva & Gaimari (for Allogriphoneura robusta Hendel, 1936, nec Helomyza robusta Walker, 1858), Zamyprosa macquarti Gaimari & Silva (for Sciomyza nigripes Blanchard, 1854, nec Sapromyza nigripes Macquart, 1844). The following six genus-group names are new synonyms: Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1925 (= Xenochaetina Malloch, 1923), Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995 (= Stenolauxania Malloch, 1926), Haakonia Curran, 1942 (= Xenochaetina Malloch, 1923), Homoeominettia Broadhead, 1989 (= Allominettia Hendel, 1925), Paraphysoclypeus Papp & Silva, 1995 (= Physoclypeus Hendel, 1907), Tibiominettia Hendel, 1936 (= Allominettia Hendel, 1925). The following 12 species-group names are new synonyms: Chaetocoelia banksi Curran, 1942 (= Chaetocoelia excepta (Walker, 1853)), Chaetocoelia tripunctata Malloch, 1926 (= Chaetocoelia excepta (Walker, 1853)), Minettia semifulva Malloch, 1933 (= Zamyprosa nigriventris (Blanchard, 1854)), Pseudogriphoneura scutellata Curran, 1934a (= Xenochaetina porcaria (Fabricius, 1805)), Sapromyza apta Walker, 1861 (= Chaetominettia mactans (Fabricius, 1787)), Sapromyza brasiliensis Walker, 1853 (= Chaetominettia corollae (Fabricius, 1805)), Sapromyza semiatra subsp. remissa Malloch, 1933 (= Zamyprosa semiatra (Malloch, 1933)), Sapromyza sordida Williston, 1896b (= Neogriphoneura sordida (Wiedemann, 1830)), Setulina geminata subsp. quadripunctata Malloch, 1941, subsp. tripunctata Malloch, 1941 & subsp. verticalis Malloch, 1941 (= Setulina geminata (Fabricius, 1805)), Tibiominettia setitibia Hendel, 1932 (= Allominettia assimilis (Malloch, 1926)). The following 96 lauxaniid species-group names are in new combinations: Allominettia approximata (Malloch, 1928; Deutominettia Hendel, 1925), Allominettia assimilis (Malloch, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Allominettia rubescens (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Allominettia woldae (Broadhead, 1989; Homoeominettia Broadhead, 1989), Camptoprosopella sigma (Hendel, 1910; Procrita Hendel, 1908), Camptoprosopella verena (Becker, 1919; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Dryosapromyza pirioni (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Elipolambda duodecimvittata (Frey, 1919; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Elipolambda lopesi (Shewell, 1989; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Elipolambda picrula (Williston, 1897; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Griphoneuromima frontalis (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Homoneura maculipennis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Lauxanostegana albispina (Albuquerque, 1959; Steganopsis Meijere 1910), Marmarodeceia claripennis (Curran, 1934a; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Melanomyza nigerrima (Becker, 1919; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Meraina ferdinandi (Frey, 1919; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Minettia altera (Curran, 1942; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Minettia duplicata (Lynch Arribálzaga, 1893; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia lateritia (Rondani, 1863; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia lupulinoides (Williston, 1897; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia pallens (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia remota (Thomson, 1869; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia setosa (Thomson, 1869; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Myzaprosa chiloensis (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Myzaprosa emmesa (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Myzaprosa triloba (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Neodecia albovittata (Loew, 1862; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Neodecia bivittata (Curran, 1928b; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Neodecia flavipennis (Curran, 1928b; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Neodecia vittifacies (Curran, 1931; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Neominettia eronis (Curran, 1934a; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Neominettia lebasii (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Neominettia melanaspis (Wiedemann, 1830; Sciomyza Fallén, 1820d), Neoxangelina congruens (Hendel, 1910; Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Neoxangelina facialis (Wiedemann, 1830; Sciomyza Fallén, 1820d), Neoxangelina flavipes (Hendel, 1926; Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Paracestrotus albipes (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Paradeceia incidens (Curran, 1934a; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Paradeceia shannoni (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Paradeceia sororia (Williston, 1896b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Physegenua annulata (Macquart, 1844b; Ephydra Fallén, 1810), Physoclypeus nigropleura (Papp & Silva, 1995; Paraphysoclypeus Papp & Silva, 1995), Poecilohetaerus suavis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilolycia blanchardi (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilolycia lineatocollis (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia aibonito (Curran, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia bipunctata (Say, 1829; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia evittata (Malloch, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia mona (Curran, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia nigropunctata (Malloch, 1928; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia plantaris (Thomson, 1869; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia quichuana (Brèthes, 1922; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia schwarzi (Malloch, 1928; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia sonax (Giglio-Tos, 1893; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia thomsonii (Lynch-Arribálzaga, 1893; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia triseriata (Coquillett, 1904a; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Pseudocalliope albomarginata (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Pseudodeceia leptoptera (Frey, 1919; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Pseudogriphoneura albipes (Wiedemann, 1830; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Pseudominettia argyrostoma (Wiedemann, 1830; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Ritaemyia unifasciata (Macquart, 1835; Tephritis Latreille, 1804), Sciosapromyza fuscinervis (Malloch, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Sciosapromyza limbinerva (Rondani, 1848; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Sciosapromyza scropharia (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Scutominettia guyanensis (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Sericominettia argentiventris (Malloch, 1928; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Sericominettia aries (Curran, 1942; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Sericominettia holosericea (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Sericominettia nigra (Curran, 1934a; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Sericominettia velutina (Walker, 1853; Helomyza Fallén, 1820a), Stenolauxania flava (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania fusca (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania longicornus (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania nigrifemuris (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania pectinicornis (Papp & Silva, 1995; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Trivialia nigrifrontata (Becker, 1919; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Trivialia scutellaris (Williston, 1896b; Phortica Schiner, 1862), Trivialia venusta (Williston, 1896b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Xenochaetina annuliventris (Hendel, 1926; Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1925), Xenochaetina glabella (Becker, 1895; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Xenochaetina nigra (Williston, 1896b; Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Xenochaetina phacosoma (Hendel, 1926; Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1925), Xenochaetina porcaria (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Xenochaetina robusta (Walker, 1858; Helomyza Fallén, 1820a), Zamyprosa dichroa (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Zamyprosa edwardsi (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa ferruginea (Macquart, 1844b; Opomyza Fallén, 1820b), Zamyprosa fulvescens (Blanchard, 1854; Sciomyza Fallén, 1820d), Zamyprosa fulvicornis (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa micropyga (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa nigripes (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa nigriventris (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa parvula (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa semiatra (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa seminigra (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Zargopsinettia verticalis (Malloch, 1928; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830). The following 42 species have lectotype designations herein: Allogriphoneura nigromaculata Hendel, 1925 (synonym of Xenochaetina porcaria (Fabricius, 1805)), Allogriphoneura robusta Hendel, 1936 (= Xenochaetina hendeli Silva & Gaimari), Allominettia maculifrons Hendel, 1925 (synonym of Allominettia xanthiceps (Williston, 1897)), Blepharolauxania trichocera Hendel, 1925, Chaetocoelia palans Giglio-Tos, 1893, Euminettia zuercheri Hendel, 1933b (Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Griphoneura triangulata Hendel, 1926, Lauxania albovittata Loew, 1862 (Neodecia Malloch, in Malloch & McAtee, 1924), Lauxania imbuta Wiedemann, 1830 (Griphoneura Schiner, 1868), Lauxania lutea Wiedemann, 1830 (Neominettia Hendel, 1925), Lauxania ruficornis Macquart, 1851a (synonym of Xenochaetina flavipennis (Fabricius, 1805)), Neominettia fumosa Hendel, 1926 (synonym of Neominettia costalis (Fabricius, 1805)), Physegenua ferruginea Schiner, 1868, Physegenua vittata Macquart, 1848a/b, Pseudogriphoneura cormoptera Hendel, 1907, Sapromyza angustipennis Williston, 1896b (Chaetocoelia Giglio-Tos, 1893), Sapromyza distinctissima Schiner, 1868 (Chaetocoelia Giglio-Tos, 1893), Sapromyza exul Williston, 1896b (Neodecia Malloch, in Malloch & McAtee, 1924), Sapromyza gigas Schiner, 1868 (Dryosapromyza Hendel, 1933a), Sapromyza ingrata Williston, 1896b (Poecilominettia Hendel, 1932), Sapromyza latelimbata Macquart, 1855a (synonym of Chaetominettia corollae (Fabricius, 1805)), Sapromyza lineatocollis Blanchard, 1854 (Poecilolycia Shewell, 1986), Sapromyza longipennis Blanchard, 1854 (= Minettia duplicata (Lynch Arribálzaga, 1893)), Sapromyza nigerrima Becker, 1919 (Melanomyza Malloch, 1923), Sapromyza nigriventris Blanchard, 1854 (Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva), Sapromyza octovittata Williston, 1896b (Poecilominettia Hendel, 1932), Sapromyza ornata Schiner, 1868 (Neoxangelina Hendel, 1933a), Sapromyza pallens Blanchard, 1854 (Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Sapromyza parvula Blanchard, 1854 (Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva), Sapromyza picrula Williston, 1897 (Elipolambda), Sapromyza puella Williston, 1896b (Trivialia Malloch, 1923), Sapromyza sororia Williston, 1896b (Paradeceia Silva & Gaimari), Sapromyza venusta Williston, 1896b (Trivialia Malloch, 1923), Sapromyza xanthiceps Williston, 1897 (Allominettia Hendel, 1925), Scatophaga scropharia Fabricius, 1805 (Sciosapromyza Hendel, 1933a), Sciomyza fulvescens Blanchard, 1854 (Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva), Sciomyza melanaspis Wiedemann, 1830 (Neominettia Hendel, 1925), Sciomyza nigripes Blanchard, 1854 (= Zamyprosa macquarti Gaimari & Silva), Sciomyza obscuripennis Bigot, 1857 (Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Scutolauxania piloscutellaris Hendel, 1925, Trigonometopus albifrons Knab, 1914, Trigonometopus rotundicornis Williston, 1896b. The following three species are removed from being recognized as part of the Neotropical fauna: Homoneura americana (Wiedemann, 1830; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Homoneura maculipennis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilohetaerus suavis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810). The following four species are removed from the family, three of which are put into the following new combinations: Senopterina cyanea (Fabricius, 1805; Lauxania Latreille, 1804) (Platystomatidae), Dihoplopyga delicatula (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810) (Heleomyzidae), Pherbellia geniculata (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810) (Sciomyzidae). The remaining species, Sapromyza fuscipes Macquart, 1844b, is of uncertain family placement within the Muscoidea. The following new replacement names for species of Platystomatidae were necessary due to homonymy: Senopterina gigliotosi Gaimari & Silva (for Bricinniella cyanea Giglio-Tos, 1893, nec Lauxania cyanea Fabricius, 1805), and Rivellia macquarti Gaimari & Silva (for Tephritis unifasciata Macquart, 1843: 381, nec Macquart, 1835: 465).

Although the Centre Grégoire Fournier of the Maredsous Abbey is especially famous for the fossils and minerals from the Carboniferous (Viséan) ‘black marble’ of Denée, a marine conservation-Lagerstätte, its palaeontological collections likewise include some types and illustrated specimens of invertebrates (cystoids, goniatites, ostracods, trilobites) and fishes from the Ordovician, Devonian and Carboniferous of Belgium. These specimens are discussed and/or illustrated as is the case of the fragments of two Belgian meteorites (Lesves and Tourinnes-la-Grosse chondrites) that are part of the CGF mineralogical and petrological collections. Moreover, the type material of 30 species and subspecies of Upper Devonian–Pennsylvanian linguliformean and rhynchonelliformean brachiopods (described by de Koninck (1847), J. Fraipont (1888a), Ch. Fraipont (1908), Demanet (1923, 1934), Demanet (in Demanet & Van Straelen, 1938), and Grimm (1998)) and that of two Middle–Upper Devonian species of trilobites (Stainier, 1887; Richter & Richter, 1933), almost all from the Namur–Dinant Basin (southern Belgium), are re-investigated and/or fully figured for the first time in order to facilitate future taxonomic revision. The obscure Tournaisian genus Anomianella de Ryckholt (1851) is rejected from the bivalves and transferred to the brachiopods (Craniida). It is probably related to Petrocrania Raymond, 1911. The lectotype (hereby selected) of Orthis latissima M‘Coy, 1844 and that of Producta corrugata M‘Coy, 1844, both from the Viséan of Ireland, are photographically illustrated (for the first time for the former). The lectotype of Productus murchisonianus de Koninck, 1847 from the Upper Palaeozoic of Tasmania (Australia) is also designated.

Gracillariidae is one of the richest families of leaf mining moths, known by its ornamental and orchard plant pests expanding their primary ranges. We here provide a revised checklist of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) of Slovenia that presently accounts for 123 species. Among them, four species, Dialectica imperialella (Zeller, 1847), Phyllonorycter abrasella (Duponchel, 1843), Ph. trifoliella (Gerasimov, 1933), and Phyllocnistis valentinensis M. Hering, 1936, are new records for the country. The distribution of the other three species in Slovenia, Caloptilia honoratella (Rebel, 1914), Dialectica scalariella (Zeller, 1850), and Ph. messaniella (Zeller, 1846), is clarified. For the above seven species, short synopses of the bionomics; a current range; and images of biotopes, adult moths, and their genitalia are provided. For P. valentinensis sampled at a larval stage, the DNA barcode was obtained to confirm the species identification. Given the known distribution of some of the newly recorded moths in Europe, we believe that these species do not represent a new invasion but rather are discoveries of native species, except for the newly documented Ph. trifoliella in Slovenia, which is likely to be an alien species for the country.

El presente trabajo recoge de manera cronológica las principales expediciones y recolecciones entomológicas acaecidas en la isla de Fernando Poo (hoy isla de Bioko). Se incluyen aquellas que fueron promovidas y financiadas por entidades públicas españolas o de otros países europeos, así como el aporte de material para estudio que realizaron colectores particulares aficionados a la entomología. Se destacan de modo singular las colecciones de mariposas aportadas por Manuel Martínez de la Escalera en 1919, Teodoro Vives en 1928 y Bonet y Gil en 1933. Se mencionan las principales publicaciones sobre mariposas diurnas y nocturnas desde 1847 hasta la fecha, resultado alguna de ellas de las expediciones y recolecciones antes mencionadas y otras, las más actuales, de trabajos de compilación de datos, generalistas o de expediciones recientes. La vinculación histórica de España y sus zoólogos españoles a Bioko es muy extensa y, por ello, la colección de Lepidoptera depositada en el Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales en Madrid alberga una considerable cantidad de ejemplares (alrededor de 2.000) y con ello de diversidad de especies que actualmente se está estudiando, determinando y relacionando para su publicación, lo que permitirá incrementar el número de especies de ropalóceros presentes en Bioko.

Abstract The collection which belonged to the Prof. Ioan Nemeș (1924-2009), currently curated at the Museum of Natural Sciences Dorohoi (Botoșani County), is one of the most important and valuable collections of Lepidoptera preserved in a Romanian museum. Within this collection, a number of 47 type specimens have been identified, on which the descriptions of 28 species and other infraspecific taxa from 5 Lepidoptera families: Nepticulidae, Coleophoridae, Tortricidae, Crambidae and Geometridae have been based. All these specimens were collected from the territory of Romania. Some of the identified type specimens belong to taxa with doubtful status, whose original descriptions are poor and superficial. The discovery of these type specimens finally allowed assessing the status of several taxa, and the following new synonymies are proposed: Ancylis uncella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1933) = Ancylis bucovinella Peiu & Nemeş, 1969 nov. syn.; Epiblema foenella (Linnaeus, 1758) = Epiblema foenella f. fracta Popescu-Gorj & Nemeş, 1965 nov. syn.; Pelochrista decolorana ( Freyer, 1842) = Pseudeucosma alexinschiana Peiu & Nemeş, 1968 nov. syn.; Nascia cilialis ( Hübner, 1 796) = Calamotropha olarui Nemeş, 1972 nov. syn.; Scopula (Calothysanis) subpunctaria (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) = Scopula peiui Olaru, 1973 nov. syn.; Idaea pallidata (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) = Sterrha constantineanui Olaru, 1973 nov. syn.; Idaea elongaria (Rambur, 1833) = Sterrha nemesi Olaru, 1973 nov. syn.

The checklist of European Gelechiidae covers 865 species, belonging to 109 genera, with three species records which require confirmation. Further, it is the first checklist to include a complete coverage of proved synonyms of species and at generic level. The following taxonomic changes are introduced: Pseudosophronia constanti (Nel, 1998) syn. nov. of Pseudosophronia exustellus (Zeller, 1847), Metzneria expositoi Vives, 2001 syn. nov. of Metzneria aestivella (Zeller, 1839); Sophronia ascalis Gozmány, 1951 syn. nov. of Sophronia grandii Hering, 1933, Aproaerema incognitana (Gozmány, 1957) comb. nov., Aproaerema cinctelloides (Nel & Varenne, 2012) comb. nov., Aproaerema azosterella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) comb. nov., Aproaerema montanata (Gozmány, 1957) comb. nov., Aproaerema cincticulella (Bruand, 1851) comb. nov., Aproaerema buvati (Nel, 1995) comb. nov., Aproaerema linella (Chrétien, 1904) comb. nov., Aproaerema captivella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) comb. nov., Aproaerema semicostella (Staudinger, 1871) comb. nov., Aproaerema steppicola (Junnilainen, 2010) comb. nov., Aproaerema cottienella (Nel, 2012) comb. nov., Ptocheuusa cinerella (Chrétien, 1908) comb. nov., Pragmatodes melagonella (Constant, 1895) comb. nov., Pragmatodes albagonella (Varenne & Nel, 2010) comb. nov., Pragmatodes parvulata (Gozmány, 1953) comb. nov., Oxypteryx nigromaculella (Millière, 1872) comb. nov., Oxypteryx wilkella (Linnaeus, 1758) comb. nov., Oxypteryx ochricapilla (Rebel, 1903) comb. nov., Oxypteryx superbella (Zeller, 1839) comb. nov., Oxypteryx mirusella (Huemer & Karsholt, 2013) comb. nov., Oxypteryx baldizzonei (Karsholt & Huemer, 2013) comb. nov., Oxypteryx occidentella (Huemer & Karsholt, 2011) comb. nov., Oxypteryx libertinella (Zeller, 1872) comb. nov., Oxypteryx gemerensis (Elsner, 2013) comb. nov., Oxypteryx deserta (Piskunov, 1990) comb. nov., Oxypteryx unicolorella (Duponchel, 1843) comb. nov., Oxypteryx nigritella (Zeller, 1847) comb. nov., Oxypteryx plumbella (Heinemann, 1870) comb. nov., Oxypteryx isostacta (Meyrick, 1926) comb. nov., Oxypteryx helotella (Staudinger, 1859) comb. nov., Oxypteryx parahelotella (Nel, 1995) comb. nov., Oxypteryx graecatella (Šumpich & Skyva, 2012) comb. nov.; Aproaerema genistae (Walsingham, 1908) comb. rev., Aproaerema thaumalea (Walsingham, 1905) comb. rev.; Dichomeris neatodes Meyrick, 1923 sp. rev.; Caryocolum horoscopa (Meyrick, 1926) stat. rev.; Ivanauskiella occitanica (Nel & Varenne, 2013) sp. rev.; Apodia martinii Petry, 1911 sp. rev.; Caulastrocecis cryptoxena (Gozmány, 1952) sp. rev. Following Article 23.9.2 ICZN we propose Caryocolum blandella (Douglas, 1852) (Gelechia) nom. protectum and Caryocolum signatella (Eversmann, 1844) (Lita) nom. oblitum.

The taxonomic knowledge of the spider fauna of Québec (Canada) is updated with new records, corrections, recent taxonomic changes, and additions to the species list. Illustrations are provided for species not previously reported for the province. The following species are reported for the first time: Araneidae: Araneus iviei (Archer 1951), Araneus juniperi (Emerton 1884), Araneus thaddeus (Hentz 1847), Araneus washingtoni Levi 1971; Clubionidae: Elaver excepta (L. Koch 1866); Dictynidae: Emblyna chitina (Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958); Gnaphosidae: Zelotes exiguoides Platnick & Shadab 1983, Haplodrassus eunis Chamberlin 1922; Linyphiidae: Centromerus cornupalpis O. Pickard-Cambridge 1875, Ceratinopsis nigripalpis Emerton 1882, Eridantes utibilis Crosby & Bishop 1933, Pocadicnemis pumila (Blackwall 1841), Sciastes extremus Holm 1967, Scotinotylus vernalis (Emerton 1882), Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring 1851); Nesticidae: Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck 1757); Philodromidae: Philodromus histrio (Latreille 1819), Philodromus oneida Levi 1951; Salticidae: Pellenes montanus (Emerton 1894), Synageles canadensis Cutler 1988; Tetragnathidae: Tetragnatha guatemalensis O. Pickard-Cambridge 1889; Theridiidae: Achaearanea conjuncta (Gertsch & Mulaik 1936), Enoplognatha intrepida (Sørensen 1898), Euryopis gertschi Levi 1951, Pholcomma hirsutum Thorell 1869, Theridion impressum L. Koch 1881; Thomisidae: Xysticus fraternus Banks 1895, and Zodariidae: Zodarion rubidum Simon 1914. Collecting data, overview of distribution, and a diagnosis are provided for each added species. The spider fauna of Québec is discussed in light of these new records, and the value of such faunistic/taxonomic work is stressed.

The Dexiini form a significant component of the Australasian tachinid fauna and include species that parasitise mainly larvae of scarabaeid or cerarnbycid beetles . A generic key and keys to species of all endemic genera (some species-groups of Senostoma excepted) are provided . Senostoma is divided into four species-groups (longipes. rubricarinaturn. punctipenne and hirsutilunula). each described and treated separately. The dominant longipes-group is revised (with a species key). and the remaining groups thoroughly reviewed. with putative species concepts identified . Prosena is not revised, but all valid Australasian species are listed, existing species keys assessed, and various taxonomic and nomenclatural difficulties discussed. The endemic genera (Prosena excepted) are revised from 47 to 85 species (2 nomina dubia included) in 14 valid genera (previously 13). Six new genera are described: Patulifions, Rasiliverpa (based on two species previously placed in Billaea), Cantrellius, Gemursa, Paulipalpus and Effusimentum. Five generic names are newly synonymised: Anatropomyia Malloch, 1930 and Hobartia Malloch, 1930 = Trichostylum Macquart, 1851; Acucera Malloch, 1930 = Geraldia Malloch, 1930; Ola Paramonov, 1968 = Rutilotrixa Townsend, 1933; Macropodexia Townsend, 1933 = Senostoma Macquart, 1847. In all, 73 species are described or redescribed. These comprise 43 new species described in 13 genera [most notably in Trichostylum (10), Geraldia (12) and Senostoma (7)]. An additional 17 species (each based on inadequate material) are left undescribed, but are diagnosed by inclusion in species keys. Six species names are newly synonymised: Chaetogaster diversa Pararnonov, 1954 = Trixa lateralis Walker, 1849; Ola erasmusi Paramonov, 1968 = Rutilia nigrithorax Macquart, 185 1 ; Austrodexia communis Malloch, 1930 = Dexia appendiculata Macquart, 1851; Austrodexia mixta Malloch, 1930 = Dexia longipes Macquart, 1846; Lasiocalypter nigrihirta Malloch, 1930 = Dexia tessellata Macquart, 1851; Lasiocalyptrina modesta Malloch, 1930 = Dexia testaceicornis Macquart, 1851. Nine new combinations are established: Trichostylum flavicorne (Malloch, 1930); Trichostylum peculiare (Malloch, 1930); Rasiliverpa agrianomei (Mesnil, 1969); Rasiliverpa vicinella (Mesnil, 1969); Geraldia montana (Malloch, 1930); Rutilotrixa insectaria (Paramonov, 1968); Rutilotrixa nigrithorax (Macquart, 1851); Rutilotrixa wilsoni (Paramonov, 1954); Senostoma longipes (Macquart, 1846). A lectotype is designated for Billaea agrianomei Mesnil, 1969. The relationships of Australasian genera are reviewed. These comprise two main lineages, which have radiated in distinct adaptive zones, utilising larval hosts in separate niches. Thus carinate genera parasitise Scarabaeidae resident in soil, while non-carinate genera attack mainly wood-dwelling Cerambycidae.

Wystawa „1881-2021. Le département des Antiquités orientales a 140 ans” w Luwrze od lipca 2021 do lutego 2022 ukazała prawie półtora wieku historii francuskich badań i odkryć sztuki i archeologii starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu i kierunki wykopalisk archeologicznych prowadzonych przez jeden z najstarszych na świecie ośrodków badawczych asyriologii i archeologii Biblijnej – Departament Starożytności Bliskiego Wschodu [Le département des Antiquités orientales, DAO] w Muzeum Luwru. Powstanie pierwszego w Europie ‘Muzeum Asyryjskiego’ jest ściśle związane z odkryciami dokonanymi przez francuskich asyriologów w połowie XIX wieku, m.in. przez Paula Emila Bottę w 1847 roku w Dur Szarrukin (Chorsabad). Oficjalnie Departament został powołany w sierpniu 1881 roku do badań i ekspozycji „sztuki chaldejskiej, asyryjskiej, perskiej, fenickiej, żydowskiej i punickiej”, a jego zbiory wzbogacono o zabytki sztuki sumeryjskiej odkryte w Tello (Girsu) na południu Mezopotamii. Departamentem kierowali wówczas wybitni asyriolodzy: Léon Heuzey i François Thureau-Dangin. Jedna z największych i najbogatszych kolekcji sztuki i archeologii Bliskiego Wschodu jest wynikiem wielkich odkryć wybitnych współpracowników Departamentu, m.in. Felixa de Saulcy (Palestyna, 1850), Ernesta de Sarzec (Sumerowie 1877), Marcela Dieulafoy’a (Suza, 1884) , Claude’a Schäffera i Réné Dussaud (Ras Szamra/Ugarit 1929) oraz André Parrota (Mari, 1933). Dziś Departament DAO posiada 137 628 eksponatów prezentowanych w trzech działach: Mezopotamia, Iran i Lewant. Jego pierwsza na świecie nowoczesna i interdyscyplinarna kolekcja „l’Orient méditerranéen dans l’Empire romain” (OMER) przedstawiająca skrzyżowanie kultur i religii wschodniego basenu Morza Śródziemnego w okresie Cesarstwa Rzymskiego powstała we wrześniu 2012 roku.

Fedir Vovk (1847–1918), a native of Poltava region and a professor at the Sorbonne University and the University of Petrograd, an illustrious Ukrainian anthropologist and archaeologist, made a significant contribution to the development of national and world scientific thinking. In particular, he is known as the discoverer of Mizin culture, editor of the works of Taras Shevchenko, an active promoter of Ukrainian culture in Europe. Based on the study of a significant ethnographic material collected from different countries, including Romania, Hungary, Russia, F. Vovk published in 1892 a unique work, “The Ritual and Traditions of Marriage in Ukraine”, and in 1916 – two works: “Anthropological Features of the Ukrainian People” and “Ethnographic Features of the Ukrainian People”. Through his works, he rejected the theories of several Russian imperial historians about the fact that Ukraine is only “a south of Russia”. Of particular importance for the scientific activity of F. Vovk was his stay in Romania during 1878–1882. The scientist studied, in particular, the Ukrainian settlements in Northern Dobrogea. As the eloquent scientific results of these studies were, for example, the works “The Trans-Danubian «Sicea» in local memories and stories” (1883) and “Ukrainian Fishing in Dobrogea” (1899). F. Vovk also collaborated with the well-known writer, translator, publicist and public activist Zamfir Arbore-Rally (1848–1933) and rightly entered the scientific annals as one of the founders of the Ukrainian-Romanian scientific and cultural relations of the late (political) stage of the national-cultural renaissance and development of state-building processes in Central and Eastern Europe.

<p>自十九世紀以降，歐洲列強的帝國勢力快速擴張，此時美國的領土亦迅速擴張。西方列強仗著船堅砲利優勢在世界各處探尋自然物產和大地資源。歐美強權國家在海外殖民地的擴展為此時空催生了大量與旅行相關的書寫──亦即出自海軍探險者及軍艦成員、自然史科學家、海外商人、外交官等人的旅行書寫。在這段時空下，福爾摩沙早已成為西方列強眼中的肥羊。十九世紀以前，台灣鮮為人知。1860年，清廷因天津條約被迫開放打狗和基隆等港口，大批西方人士於是造訪福爾摩沙。此文聚焦於漢卡克、鼓里馬、禮密臣這三位十九世紀英美旅行者的自然史文本，探究他們如何為福爾摩沙這個神秘而詭譎的島嶼書寫自然史、如何為台灣的本土物種和自然資源做科學觀察與描述、如何在其充滿帝國主義動機的旅行自然史作品中交織夾雜了他們的初期環境意識與生態感知。藉此探討，此文填補自然書寫的拼圖缺塊，呈現十九世紀英美旅行者筆下的福爾摩沙自然史建構以及初期生態感知，同時為生態批評與自然書寫拓展新疆域。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, Formosa was little known and largely unexplored by English and American travelers. After the discovery of Formosan coal by Anglo-American navy explorers in 1847 and Formosa&rsquo;s ports had been opened for trade by the Western Powers in 1860, a great number of Western explorers, navy investigators, naturalist scientists, merchants, and diplomats visited Formosa. Through their writings, these travelers documented the island&rsquo;s unknown landscapes and natural resources, including heavy timber and forest trees. This paper focuses on the traveling natural histories of three nineteenth-century English and American travelers &mdash;William A. Hancock (1847-1914), and Francis Henry Hill Guillemard (1852-1933), and James Wheeler Davidson (1872-1933). It explores the historical and cultural underpinnings of natural resources in the island&rsquo;s eco-geopolitical history and is interested to examine the ways these travel writings represented Formosa&rsquo;s environmental productions (such as coal, sulphur, camphor). It addresses the following questions: What might be the links between nineteenth-century imperial motivations and representations of Formosa&rsquo;s natural resources? How might the genre of natural history relate to imperial-colonial travel narratives and science narratives? How did Hancock, Guillemard, and Davidson report their scientific observations on Formosa&rsquo;s natural productions? How might British and American imperial travel narratives reveal an environmental consciousness embedded in the history of colonial/imperial exploitation of Formosa&rsquo;s natural resources?</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

The type material of <em>Feronia</em> <em>cognata</em> Dejean, 1831, <em>Steropus</em> <em>schmidtii</em> Chaudoir, 1838 and <em>Pterostichus</em> <em>placidus</em> W. Rosenhauer, 1847 is examined. This action resulted into new combinations, new synonym, and restored status in terms of the genera <em>Pterostichus</em> Bonelli, 1810 and <em>Tapinopterus</em> Schaum, 1858: <em>Tapinopterus</em> (<em>Tapinopterus</em>) <em>cognatus</em> (Dejean, 1831), <strong>comb. nov</strong>. of <em>Pterostichus</em> (<em>Pseudosteropus</em>) <em>cognatus</em> (Dejean, 1831); <em>Tapinopterus</em> (<em>Tapinopterus</em>) <em>kaufmanni</em> Ganglbauer, 1896, <strong>syn. nov.</strong> of <em>Tapinopterus</em> (<em>Tapinopterus</em>) <em>cognatus</em> (Dejean, 1831); <em>Tapinopterus</em> (<em>Tapinopterus</em>) <em>cognatus</em> <em>transsylvanicus</em> Mandl, 1936, <strong>comb. nov.</strong> of <em>Tapinopterus</em> (<em>Tapinopterus</em>) <em>kaufmanni</em> <em>transsylvanicus</em> Mandl, 1936; <em>Tapinopterus</em> (<em>Tapinopterus</em>) <em>cognatus</em> <em>kalofi­rensis</em> Maran, 1933, <strong>comb. nov</strong>. of <em>Tapinopterus</em> (<em>Tapinopterus</em>) <em>kaufmanni</em> <em>kalofirensis</em> Maran, 1933; <em>Tapinopterus</em> (<em>Tapinopterus</em>) <em>cognatus</em> <em>winkleri</em> Mandl, 1936, <strong>comb. nov.</strong> of <em>Tapinopterus</em> (<em>Tapinopterus</em>) <em>kaufmanni</em> <em>winkleri</em> Mandl, 1936; <em>Steropus schmidtii</em> Chaudoir, 1838 removed from synonymy with <em>Feronia cognata</em> Dejean, 1831 and treated as valid species - <em>Pterostichus</em> (<em>Pseudosteropus</em>) <em>schmidtii</em> (Chaudoir, 1838), <strong>stat. rest.</strong> Lectotype and paralectotypes for<em> Steropus schmidtii</em> Chaudoir, 1838 are designated.

The classification of Microhoriini Bonadona, 1974 is revised. Five genera are recognized: Aulacoderus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, Falsophilus Kejval, 2015, Liparoderus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, Microhoria Chevrolat, 1877, and Neocrohoria Telnov, 2019. (i) New species: Microhoria almukalla Kejval, sp. nov. (Yemen), M. anahita Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. antalya Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. bacillisternum Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. cervi Kejval, sp. nov. (Oman), M. fergana Kejval, sp. nov. (Kyrgyzstan), M. garavuti Kejval, sp. nov. (Tajikistan), M. gibbipennis Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. halophila Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. hazara Kejval, sp. nov. (Afghanistan), M. heracleana Kejval, sp. nov. (Greece), M. impavida Kejval, sp. nov. (Turkey), M. kabulensis Kejval, sp. nov. (Afghanistan), M. kermanica Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. pahlavi Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. persica Kejval, sp. nov. (Iran), M. strejceki Kejval, sp. nov. (Tajikistan), M. sawda Kejval, sp. nov. (Saudi Arabia), and M. sulaimanica Kejval, sp. nov. (Pakistan, Uzbekistan). (ii) New synonymies: Microhoria Chevrolat, 1877 = Clavicomus Pic, 1894 syn. nov. = Tenuicomus Pic, 1894 syn. nov.; Microhoria depressa (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) = Anthicus mollis Desbrochers des Loges, 1875 syn. nov.; Microhoria edmondi (Pic, 1893) = Anthicus spinosus Pic, 1912 syn. nov.; Microhoria globipennis (Pic, 1897) = Anthicus globipennis quercicola Sahlberg, 1913 syn. nov.; Microhoria luristanica (Pic, 1911) = Anthicus pietschmi Pic, 1938 syn. nov.; Microhoria ottomana (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) = Anthicus merkli Pic, 1897 syn. nov.; Microhoria pinicola (Reitter, 1889) = Microhoria feroni Bonadona, 1960 syn. nov.; Microhoria posthuma (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) = Anthicus fumeoalatus Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931 syn. nov.; Microhoria truncatipennis (Pic, 1897) = Anthicus mouzafferi Pic, 1910 syn. nov. (iii) Status changes. Anthicus tauricus var. inobscura Pic, 1908 is raised to species level as Microhoria inobscura (Pic, 1908) stat. nov.; Anthicus truncatus var. decoloratus Pic, 1897 is removed from synonymy with Anthicus truncatus Pic, 1895 and raised to species level as Microhoria decolorata (Pic, 1897) stat. restit. (iv) New combinations: Microhoria disconotata (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. fossicollis (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. gestroi (Pic, 1895) comb. nov., M. irregularis (Pic, 1932) comb. nov., M. lividipes (Desbrochers des Loges, 1875) comb. nov., M. marginicollis (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. nystii (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. schimperi (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. semiviridis (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. strandi (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., and M. yemenita (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., all from Anthicus Paykull, 1798. Microhoria abscondita (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. adusta (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. afghana (Telnov, 2010) comb. nov., M. almorae (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. ambusta (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. angulifer (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. anomala (Telnov, 1998) comb. nov., M. antinorii (Pic, 1894) comb. nov., M. apicordiger (Bonadona, 1954) comb. nov., M. aquatilis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. assamensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. assequens (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. atrata (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. austriaca (Pic, 1901) comb. nov., M. bicarinifrons (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. biguttata (Bonadona, 1964) comb. nov., M. brevipilis (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. bruckii (Kiesenwetter, 1870) comb. nov., M. brunneipes (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. caeruleicolor (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. callima (Baudi di Selve, 1877) comb. nov., M. comes (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. cordata (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. curticeps (Pic, 1923) comb. nov., M. dichrous (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. doderoi (Pic, 1902) comb. nov., M. erythraea (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. erythrodera (Marseul, 1878) comb. nov., M. feai (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. fugax (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. fugiens (Marseul, 1876) comb. nov., M. garze (Telnov, 2018) comb. nov., M. gigas (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. gravida (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. harmandi (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. hauseri (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. henoni (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. heydeni (Marseul, 1879) comb. nov., M. himalayana (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. hummeli (Pic, 1933) comb. nov., M. immaculipennis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. inabsoluta (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. indeprensa (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. kabyliana (Pic, 1896) comb. nov., M. kejvali (Telnov, 1999) comb. nov., M. kham (Telnov, 2018) comb. nov., M. kocheri (Pic, 1951) comb. nov., M. kuluensis (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. lepidula (Marseul, 1876) comb. nov., M. longiceps (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. longicornis (Uhmann, 1983) comb. nov., M. manifesta (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. martinezi (Pic, 1932) comb. nov., M. muguensis (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. nigrocyanella (Marseul, 1877) comb. nov., M. nigrofusca (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. nigroterminata (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. notatipennis (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. olivierii (Desbrochers des Loges, 1868) comb. nov., M. optabilis LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. paganettii (Pic, 1909) comb. nov., M. phungi (Pic, 1926) comb. nov., M. picea (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. plagiostola (Bonadona, 1958) comb. nov., M. plicatipennis (Pic, 1936) comb. nov., M. posthuma (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. postimpressa (Pic, 1938) comb. nov., M. postluteofasciata (Pic, 1938) comb. nov., M. prolatithorax (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. proterva (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. ragusae (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. semidepressa (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. separatithorax (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. shibatai (Nomura, 1962) comb. nov., M. schrammi Pic, 1913) comb. nov., M. sikkimensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. sinensis (Pic, 1907) comb. nov., M. spinipennis (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. sporadica (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. striaticollis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. subpicea (Pic, 1914) comb. nov., M. tersa (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. tonkinensis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1928) comb. nov., M. truncatella (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. turgida (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1928) comb. nov., M. uhagoni (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. uniformis (Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931) comb. nov., M. variabilis (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. weigeli (Telnov, 2000) comb. nov., M. versicolor (Kiesenwetter, 1866) comb. nov., M. wuyishanensis (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., and Nitorus niger (Uhmann, 1996) comb. nov., all from Clavicomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria agriliformis (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. alfierii (Pic, 1923) comb. nov., M. angelinii (Degiovanni, 2012) comb. nov., M. babaulti (Pic, 1921) comb. nov., M. barnevillei (Pic, 1892) comb. nov., M. armeniaca (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., M. bonnairii (Fairmaire, 1883) comb. nov., M. cyanipennis (Grilat, 1886) comb. nov., M. depressa (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. dolichocephala (Baudi di Selve, 1877) comb. nov., M. duplex (Nardi, 2004) comb. nov., M. edmondi (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. escalerai (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. finalis (Telnov, 2003) comb. nov., M. fuscomaculata (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., M. insignita (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. luristanica (Pic, 1911) comb. nov., M. meloiformis (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. mesopotamica (Pic, 1912) comb. nov., M. ocreata (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1847) comb. nov., M. olivacea (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. ottomana (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. pallicra (Dufour, 1849) comb. nov., M. paralleliceps (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. paupercula (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1847) comb. nov., M. platiai (Degiovanni, 2000) comb. nov., M. siccensis (Normand, 1950) comb. nov., M. subaerea (Reitter, 1890) comb. nov., M. subcaerulea (Pic, 1906) comb. nov., M. subsericea (Pic, 1898) comb. nov., M. tarifana (Pic, 1904) comb. nov., M. tibialis (Waltl, 1835) comb. nov., M. velox (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849) comb. nov., M. viridipennis (Pic, 1899) comb. nov., and M. viturati (Pic, 1893) comb. nov., all from Tenuicomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria decolorata (Pic, 1897) comb. nov. and M. truncata (Pic, 1895) comb. nov. from Stricticomus Pic, 1894. Microhoria truncatipennis (Pic, 1897) comb. nov. from Anthelephila Hope, 1833. (v) Lectotype designations. Lectotypes are designated for the following species: Anthicus depressus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849, A. edmondi Pic, 1893, A. luristanicus Pic, 1911, A. merkli Pic, 1897, A. mouzafferi Pic, 1910, A. pietschmi Pic, 1938, A. pinicola Reitter, 1889, A. posthumus Krekich-Strassoldo, 1931, and A. spinosus Pic, 1912.

In September 1847, David John Thomas read a paper on etherisation at a monthly meeting of the Port Phillip Medical Association. Thomas’ paper is the earliest known presentation of a paper on etherisation in the Australian colonies. Almost half of Thomas’ 27-page manuscript was published in October 1847 in the Australian Medical Journal. The original manuscript was acquired at an unknown date by the Medical Society of Victoria. Although a full transcript of the manuscript was published in 1933, the original manuscript of Dr Thomas remained unknown to anaesthesia historians and is now held by the Medical History Museum, University of Melbourne.

The publication of Marx’s Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (EPM) in German in 1933 immediately triggered off debate as to where the document fitted in Marx’s theories generally. The obvious possibilities were first, that these writings could be dismissed as juvenilia, and that Marxism as understood by figures as diverse as Lenin, Kautsky, Bernstein, Rosa Luxemburg and Trotsky, none of whom said anything significant about alienation, could be studied and argued about while disregarding the EPM. Second, there were actually numerous reappearances of the theory of alienation in the writings of Marx after 1847, and the alienation theory must be very important in his mature writings. In what follows, I will argue the case for the unfashionable first alternative, but also be reviewing many of the arguments for and against continuity in Marx’s work, hopefully making the article useful irrespective of which side one takes.

Arapçada, "rivayet, aslı olmayan söz, masal, efsane" gibi anlamlara gelen ve Türkçedeki karşılığı “mitoloji” olan "ustûre/esâtîr" sözcüğü Cahiliye döneminden beri kullanılan bir kelimedir. Mitoloji, “insanoğlunun doğa olaylarını ve metafizik âlemini anlama ve anlamlandırma amaçlı anlatıları; gerçekleşmesi mümkün olmayan, daha çok yazarın hayalciliğiyle oluşan hikâye; kutsal serüvenleri, fizik ötesi varlıkların doğaüstü maceraları, arkaik dönemlerdeki insanlarının hikâyelerini aktaran efsaneler veya gerçekte vuku bulduğu kesin olarak bilinmeyen ancak tarihî dayanakları bulunan anlatılar” olarak özetlenebilir. Gelişmişlik düzeyleri fark etmeksizin hemen hemen tüm toplumlarda mitolojik unsurlara rastlamak mümkündür. Ayinsel özellikleri nedeniyle mitolojiler ilk zamanlarda tiyatroya benzer bazı faaliyetler ile birlikte ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonraki zamanlarda dinsel ayinlerle gelişimine devam eden tiyatro giderek müstakil bir sanat olarak gelişimine devam etmiştir. Yunanlıların elinde gelişimini sürdüren tiyatro, 1847 yılında Mârûn en-Nakkâş tarafından ilk örnekleri ortaya konulana kadar Araplar tarafından bilinmemekteydi. Modern Arap tiyatrosu, Arap toplumunda anlatı sanatının gelişimi ve bu toplumun Batı ile etkileşim sonucunda gelişmeye başlamıştır. Ancak tiyatro faaliyetleri, diğer Arap ülkelerine nazaran kısmi bir özgürlük ortamının doğduğu Mısır’da gelişimine devam edebilmiştir. Tevfîk el-Hakîm ile birlikte Arap tiyatrosu yeni bir merhaleye girmeye başlamıştır. Onun Ehlu’l-kehf (1933) adlı tiyatrosuyla birlikte Arap tiyatrosuna mitolojik unsurlar dâhil edildi. Bu çalışmada, el-Hakîm’in mitolojik unsurlar taşıyan tiyatroları ele alınacaktır. el-Hakîm, bu mitolojik unsurları; modern bağlamları çerçevesinde ele almaya çalışmıştır.

O primeiro registro de algia vertebral (AV) na historia, relatado pelo Dr. Inhotep, ocorreu em um trabalhador que construía uma pirâmide em Sakara, no antigo Egito, em 2748 AC (Hagberg, 1993). Desde então, as AV integram-se, ao longo dos séculos, à historia da Medicina através de inúmeras contribuições literárias e científicas: Hipócrates (460-377, AC), Galenus (130-200), Vesalius (1555), Cotugno (1764), Valleix (1847), Lasegue (1864), Bernhardt (1895), Lindsetd (1920), Lortat, Jacob y Sobareanu (1904), Petrén (1908), Dejerine (1914), Sicard (1918), Heuman (1920), Danforth y Wilson (1925), Putti (1927), Ghormley (1933), Pette y Becker (1938). Atualmente, as algias vertebrais podem ser consideradas como um desastre médico, pois assumiram um perfil de distribuição verdadeiramente epidêmico e, a despeito de sua antiguidade, ainda são, sob ponto de vista etiológico, um grande mistério.Os nossos conhecimentos atuais na área de anatomo-fisiologia nos permitem observar que a série de vértebras dos discos intervertebrais, dos músculos e dos tendões, dos ligamentos, dos vasos e dos vários tipos de nervos, acabam por formar o conjunto de estruturas que compõem as nossas costas. Todas estas estruturas suportam o nosso peso, protegem o nosso sistema nervoso e nos permitem, ainda, conviver, paradoxalmente, com um sistema biomecânico que evita a telescopagem e nos possibilita uma locomoção eficiente. Nobre e importante função desempenham as nossas costas, ao nos oferecer tantas coisas, desde que, segundo a teoria evolucionista, adotamos a postura bípede. Mas e nós, o que fazemos por elas? As preservamos de cargas compressivas intra discais que, via de regra, extrapolam os limites máximos permitidos? Adotamos hábitos posturais que permitem o equilíbrio entre os segmentos corporais e solicitam harmonicamente o sistema músculo articular? Trabalhamos em um local que nos poupe das agressões ambientais? Controlamos nossas emoções e sentimentos o suficiente para não somatizarmos em nossas costas quaisquer evidências de nossos transtornos psicológicos? Conseguimos viver, sem aborrecimentos, em uma sociedade que longe de ser justa e igualitária, ainda permite que os cinismos e as hipocrisias se associem a providenciais omissões para indultar gente mais esperta e sabida do que nós?Ao prefaciar o livro “The Back pain revolution”, de Gordon Waddell, (Churchill Livinstone ed., 1998), Red Phillips parece definir muito claramente o que realmente temos feito pelas nossas costas, quando afirma: “We have stretched our backs. We have twisted and curled our backs. We have cooked our backs. We have frozen our backs. We have stimuled our backs with electric currents of various sorts, and with ultrasound waves, infrared waves, magnetic waves and X-rays waves. We have rubbed our backs with liniments, spirits, gels, perfumes and poultices”. Na verdade, somos obrigados a tratar o sintoma e não a doença.È bem possível que neste novo século os avanços na área da psico-neuro-endocrinologia, da fisiologia e genética da dor, possam finalmente descobrir o que realmente causa a dor nas costas. Até lá, devemos aceitar o desafio de combater e prevenir esse velho mal que, como o vampiro do romance de Bran Stoker, resiste a todos os ataques e insiste em ser imortal. A diferença entre os casos de mortos retornando para aterrorizar, atacar e matar durante a noite, tão bem descritos no século XII pelo historiador inglês William de Newburgh, e a dor nas costas está no fato de que esta não seleciona como vítima apenas lindas jovens e tampouco restringe seus ataques a períodos noturnos. Ainda no campo das analogias, podemos afirmar, na atualidade, que, se o relacionamento entre vampiro e vítima estava cheio de conotações psico-sexuais, a relação dor nas costas/ paciente interage sob ação de fortes componentes psico-sociogênicos. Não há, portanto, como negligenciar, seja qual for a nossa conduta terapêutica para a dor nas costas, o modelo proposto por Waddel (1992), que considera o paciente como resultado de uma série de conjunções fortemente influenciadas pelo seu entorno social, cultural e psicológico.De qualquer forma, ainda que essa dor nas costas possa, às vezes, ser minimizada por condutas médicas ou atenuada por protocolos fisioterapêuticos, o seu equacionamento total ainda está longe de tornar-se uma realidade, enquanto a sua verdadeira etiologia permanecer desconhecida.