Academic literature on the topic '1844-1926 Criticism and interpretation'
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Journal articles on the topic "1844-1926 Criticism and interpretation"
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Nilawati, Febi, Jamil Jamil, and Muhamad Sopyan. "Perlawanan Buruh Terhadap Perusahaan Batu Bara Belanda di Teluk Bayur (1926)." Amarthapura: Historical Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/amt.v1i1.1085.
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This research was motivated by the establishment of the Steenkolen Maatschappij Parapattan (SMP) company which exploited the natural resources and human resources of the workers which caused a resistance. The purpose of this study is to describe the initial conditions of Teluk Bayur before the resistance in 1926 and to describe the forms of resistance in 1926. The type of research used in this research is historical research using heuristic methods, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results show that prior to the riots, SMP was established in 1912, which was the beginning of the riots that occurred in 1926. Dutch involvement extended to the government. In addition to exploiting coal, contracted workers were also exploited by doing hard labor in coal mines with disproportionate salaries until there was an action against a junior high school company in Teluk Bayur on the night of 6-7 November 1926. Sarekat Islam was considered a forum that initiated resistance so that SI was frozen by the Dutch after the incident.
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Sufyan, Fikrul Hanif. "BENCANA ALAM DAN PENANGGULANGAN NARASI GAMPO TUJUAH HARI PADANG PANJANG 1926." Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam 11, no. 2 (December 16, 2021): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v11i2.508.
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The Padang Panjang earthquake has become a major part of the Minang people's memory in recent times. Those born after the earthquake often remember their birthday, after the strong shaking that lasted for seven days. This paper is prepared based on historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The earthquake that occurred in January 1926 was based on records of reports of the impact of terrible damage. The tsunami, buildings were destroyed, roads were badly damaged, and rail transportation was damaged, not to mention the human casualties who died and were injured. After the damage caused by the earthquake, the Dutch colonial government intervened to provide assistance to earthquake victims. The government is also working hard to rebuild buildings from the rubble of destruction.
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Damian Martin, Diana. "Hopeful Acts in Troubled Times: Thinking as interruption and the poetics of nonconforming criticism." Performance Philosophy 5, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2019.51290.
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In his work titled ‘Dance Curves: On the Dances of Palucca’ (1926), Wassily Kandisky translates two postures of the German Expressionist choreographer Gret Palucca from photographs into line drawings. The drawings are a study, but they are neither pictorial, nor straightforwardly representational. Staging an encounter between Dance Curves and Hannah Arendt’s investigation into thinking as both an interrupted and interruptive activity, this essay argues for a poetics of appearance as it is constituted by nonconforming acts of critique.Negotiating conflicts that shape a politics of recognition for criticism which deliberately or implicitly refutes utility, I articulate a process of appearance of meaning with differential relation to modernist concerns for interpretation, dissenting from rationalist and objectivist traditions that have dominated theatre and performance criticism since the Enlightenment. What happens when I disavow the drawings from the images, remove them from the source? Perhaps in such a place, we might find critique as a process of deliberately mishandled translation, as an occupation of an idea shifted elsewhere, as a displacement of meaning. Appearance shapes itself around slippages of attention that depart from the work of performance.In this essay, I turn to how these slippages fold outwards from the encounter, to the political nexus between performance and its world. In Arendt, I locate a means through which forms of thinking rendered as criticism constitute a resistant poetics to normative modes of paying attention, operating beyond what Bojana Kunst calls ‘the ready-made possibilities of discourse’ (2015, 13) under neoliberalism, that is, the ‘pre-established models of criticality and reflexivity’ to which art and artistic subjectivity often partake (ibid.)
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Sufyan, Fikrul Hanif. "KEPANDUAN DAN POLITIK: GERAKAN PADVINDERS DI PADANG PANJANG 1926-1934." Patanjala: Journal of Historical and Cultural Research 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v13i1.630.
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Gerakan kepanduan pernah meledak di Afdeling Batipuh X dan Priaman di awal abad ke-20. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis hadirnya gerakan kepanduan dengan segala dinamikanya. Gerakan kepanduan ini beberapa kali melakukan gebrakan serta tuntutan Indonesia merdeka yang mereka suarakan langsung dari Padang Panjang. Mulai dari gerakan protes, hingga membentuk Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia, atau dikenal dengan istilah PNI Baru Hatta-Sjahrir. Tulisan ini disusun berdasarkan kaidah metode sejarah –dimulai dengan heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Padvinders di Padang Panjang telah dimulai sejak tahun 1924. Gerakan yang hadir di Padang Panjang antara lain International Padvinders Organitatie, El-Hilaal, Hizbul Wathan, dan Kepanduan Indonesia Muslim (KIM). Masing-masing kepanduan lahir dari sekolah-sekolah yang muncul sejak awal abad ke-20, kemudian bermetamorfosis menjadi sebuah gerakan politik. Gerakan politik KIM menjadi PNI Baru, telah mengubah paradigma kepanduan –yang selama ini hanya dianggap sebagai kegiatan ekstrakurikuler sekolah. The scout movement rose to fame in the afdeling of Batipuh X and Priaman in the early 20th century. This paper is designed to analyze the presence of the scout movement and related matters. It had constituted a break with years of colonial era and pushed for an independent Indonesia, which they voiced directly from Padang Panjang. The movements they organized was from the protest movement to the formation of the Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia or more popularly known as the PNI Baru Hatta – Sjahrir. The paper is organized according to the standard historical method rules; heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The scout movement, it all started in Padang Panjang in 1924. The International Padvinders Organitatie, the El-Hilaal, the Hizbul Wathan, and the Kepanduan Indonesia Muslim (KIM) were around then. They were originally established in schools at the beginning of the 20th century who transformed into the political movement then. KIM, which turned into a political movement or known as PNI Baru, has changed the scouting paradigm, which so far has only been regarded as the extracurricular school activity.
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Imadudin, Iim. "H.M. ARIEF MAHYA: ULAMA, PEJUANG, DAN TOKOH PENDIDIKAN LAMPUNG (1926-Sekarang)." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v8i1.58.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap kiprah dan pemikiran dari salah seorang ulama terkemuka yang berasal dari Lampung, yaitu H.M. Arief Mahya. Ulama Lampung kelahiran Gedungasin Liwa 6 Juni 1926 ini adalah saksi dari peralihan kolonialisme ke zaman revolusi kemerdekaan, terus berlanjut ke masa pembangunan dan reformasi. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitianmemperlihatkan bahwa H.M. Arief Mahya bukan hanya ulama yang mengembangkan dakwah di kalangan umat, namun juga pendidik yang telah melahirkan generasiLampung berikutnya. Selain itu, ia turut berjuang dalam upaya mempertahankan kemerdekaan. Ia pernah menjadi pimpinan Hizbullah melawan kolonialisme yang hendak merebut kemerdekaan. Selain berjuang secara fisik, ia juga mencurahkan pemikiran melalui media publik, seperti surat kabar. Ciri pokok dari tokoh Lampung ini adalah konsistensinya untuk terus berjuang di jalan yang diyakininya. Betapapun dunia sudah berubah dan terjadi krisis nilai, ia terus istiqomah melanjutkan kiprahnya mendidik umat. AbstractThis study aims to reveal the gait and the thought of one of the leading scholars from Lampung, namely KH M. Arief Mahya. Theologian Lampung who was born at Gedungasin Liwa on June 6, 1926 is the witness of the transition era of colonialism to independence revolution and continues to the development and reformation era. This study uses historical method consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that KH M. Arief Mahya was not only a scholar who developed the message among the people, but also an educator who had bridged to the next generation of Lampung. In addition, he participated in the effort tomaintain the independence struggle. He was once the leader of Hizbullah against colonialism who want to snatch the independence. Besides physically struggling, he also devoted ideas through public media, such as newspapers. The main characteristic of this Lampung figure was the consistency to keep fighting in the way he believed. No matter how the world has changed and there was a crisis of value, he persistently continued to educate people.
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Pasaribu, Ahmat Gunawan, Ahmad Qorib, and Kasron Muchsin. "Masjid Sri Alam Dunia dan Hubungannya dengan Penyebaran Islam di Sipirok, Tapanuli Selatan." Warisan: Journal of History and Cultural Heritage 2, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/warisan.v2i2.906.
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This article discusses the history and contribution of the Sri Alam Dunia Grand Mosque in the spread of Islam in the Sipirok area, South Tapanuli. This study uses a qualitative research method with a historical approach. The historical approach has four writing steps, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The Great Mosque of Sri Alam Dunia is a silent witness to the struggle of the Mandailing scholars in expanding the symbols of Islam in the South Tapanuli region. At first, the Sri Alam Dunia Mosque was a small surah that was used as a place to study religion. The central figures who contributed to the process of establishing this mosque were Sheikh Abdul Manan Siregar and the Muslims who live around the mosque. This mosque was built around 1926 AD and was completed in 1933 AD. The results of the research that the authors found were that the Sri Alam Dunia Mosque besides having a long history was also a socio-cultural center for the Sipirok community, both in ancient times and today. With these various functions, making the Sri Alam Dunia Mosque one of the icons of pride for Muslims in Sipirok.
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Ar Razy, Mohammad Refi Omar. "The Sekar Rukun Association: Struggle of the Sundanese Youth National Movement Era (1919-1931)." Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 4, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v4i2.32045.
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This study aims to analyze the kirprah of the Sekar Rukun Association during the National Movement (1919-1931) which includes the formation, form of struggle, and the process of merging with the Young Indonesia organization. The research method used is the historical method which consists of heuristic, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography stages. Through this research, it can be seen that, first, the Sekar Rukun Association was formed by Sundanese figures who attended school in Batavia, such as Doni Ismail, Iki Adiwidjaja, Djuwariah, Hilman, Moh. Sapii, Mangkudiguna, Soetisna Sendjaja and Iwa Kusumasumantri before finally Dr. Husein Djajadiningrat was involved in the Sekar Rukun Association. Second, the form of struggle for the Sekar Rukun Association is by working with youth organizations similar to that during the National Movement such as Jong Java, Jong Ambon, Jong Sumatranen Bond, Jong Islamieten Bond, Jong Celebes, Jong Bataks and so on. One form of the struggle of the Sekar Rukun Association together with other youth organizations was to hold Youth Congresses I and II in 1926 and 1928. The 2nd Youth Congress in 1928 was known as the Youth Pledge event. Third, as a form of unity and integrity, the Sekar Rukun Association merged with the other youth organizations mentioned above to form an organization called Young Indonesia in 1931.
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Tomelleri, Vittorio Springfield. "E.D. Polivanov and the Georgian language: synchronic questions and diachronic perspectives." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 49 (August 28, 2016): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2016.405.
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The present paper deals with a short contribution which E.D. Polivanov published in 1925 in the scientific journal of the Central Asia State University during his stay and work at the University of Taškent. Polivanov’s text presents a phonological analysis of the Georgian consonant system and aims at making the transcription system devised by the academician N.Ja. Marr for the rendering of Georgian sounds comparable with the better known and more useful alphabet of the International Phonetic Association.
In addition to the synchronic description and classification of Georgian con-sonants, in which, contrary to the customary interpretation, weak aspiration of voiceless plosives is claimed, Polivanov offers an interesting diachronic ex-planation of the defective postvelar (uvular) series, which in contemporary standard Georgian features only the voiceless ejective member; his reconstruction of the former system is based on typological assumptions about the different behaviour of voiced and voiceless obstruents with respect to lenition (spirantisation).
Some years later, the Georgian linguist G.S. Axvlediani provided ar-guments, based on internal reconstruction, which confirmed and further developed Polivanov’s hypothesis. Although he had reviewed Polivanov’s contribution for a Georgian journal in 1926, Axvlediani did not mention it in his later work, probably because Polivanov in the meanwhile had become persona non grata in Soviet lin-guistics for his open criticism of Marr’s linguistic theory.
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Muchlis, Musdalifah, and Jumadi Jumadi. "Sekolah Rakyat di Enrekang, 1950-1959." Jurnal Pattingalloang 6, no. 2 (August 17, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pattingalloang.v6i2.12144.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi pendidikan di Enrekang sebelum tahun 1950, sistem pendidikan sekolah rakyat dan perkembangan sekolah rakyat di Enrekang tahun 1950-1959. Sistem dan perkembangan sekolah rakyat dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada kebijakan pemerintah, partisipasi masyarakat, guru sekolah rakyat, minat murid, kondisi dan peralatan sekolah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode sejarah melalui tahapan: heuristik (pengumpulan sumber), kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekolah rakyat sudah ada pada masa pemerintahan Belanda tahun 1905 sedangkan di Enrekang tahun 1926 namun nama Volkschool. Nama sekolah Rakyat dipakai setelah Indonesia merdeka. Kondisi Sekolah rakyat di Enrekang sebelum tahun 1950 masih dalam keadaan terbelakang namun setelah lima tahun merdeka keadaan sudah semakin membaik. Sistem pendidikan sekolah rakyat setelah kemerdekaan terutama dalam kurikulum yang awalnya hanya belajar membaca, menulis dan berhitung kini semakin bertambah.seperti contohnya belajar sejarah. Sekolah rakyat di Enrekang mengalami perkembangan di lihat dari semakin banyaknya sekolah yang berubah dari SR 3 atau 4 menjadi 6 tahun karena jumlah siswa bertambah. Perkembangan tersebut karena adanya peran aktif masyarakat dan pemerintah yang turut andil dalam kemajuan pendidikan.Kata Kunci: Sekolah rakyat dan Enrekang.AbstractThis study aims to determine the condition of education in Enrekang before 1950, the education system of public schools and the development of community schools in Enrekang in 1950-1959. The system and development of community schools in this study focused on government policy, community participation, community school teachers, student interests, school conditions and equipment. This type of research is a qualitative study, using the historical method through stages: heuristics (source collection), source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that the people's school had existed during the Dutch administration in 1905 while in Enrekang in 1926 the name was Volkschool. The name People's school was used after Indonesian independence. The condition of people's schools in Enrekang before 1950 was still underdeveloped, but after five years of independence the situation had improved. The education system of the people's schools after independence, especially in the curriculum which initially only learned to read, write and count is now increasing. For example studying history. Public schools in Enrekang are experiencing growth in view of the increasing number of schools that change from SR 3 or 4 to 6 years as the number of students increases. This development was due to the active role of the community and the government that contributed to the progress of education.Keywords: Community school and Enrekang
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Perović, Željko. "Was Saint Bishop Nicholai a Fascist? A Review of His Addresses from March 1935 to April 1941." Nicholai Studies: International Journal for Research of Theological and Ecclesiastical Contribution of Nicholai Velimirovich I, no. 2 (July 26, 2021): 395–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.46825/nicholaistudies/ns.2021.1.2.395-434.
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Abstract: The author addresses the issue of Nicholai Velimirovich’s attitude towards fascism, responding to the criticism of Bishop Nicholai as a sympathizer of Adolph Hitler’s policy and the interpretation of Velimirovich’s thoughts that enabled such constructions. In the present article, special attention is paid to the public addresses of Nicholai Velimirovich during the period of the rise of the Nazi state, i.e. from 1935 to 1941. The main topic of this article is to deconstruct the great myth of Bishop Nicholai’s critics, which reads: Saint Bishop Nicholai is a fascist because he received a decoration from Hitler in 1934, and in 1935 he gave a lecture at Kolarac called “Nationalism of Saint Sava” where he praised Hitler as few people did during the life of the Reich leader, comparing him with Saint Sava, “whereby Hitler turned out to be bigger than Saint Sava.” This accusation comes from the critics of Bishop Nicholai from Peščanik, whose pamphlets are adopted and passed on by a part of the Serbian intelligentsia in which there are historians, linguists, political scientists, and even theologians. However, such constructions are possible only if we ignore the legacy of Bishop Nicholai and his thought. For instance, it is interesting that in the same year, namely in 1926, Hitler and Velimirovich published two completely opposite works — Hitler the second part of his Mein Kampf in which he revealed his racial theory to the world, and Nicholai a short article entitled “The Problem of Races,” in which he explained that the problem of race can not solve anthropologists, nor historians and psychologists, but only Christianity, urging Serbian youth not to make a value difference between races, but to consider whether a black earthen pot with honey or a white porcelain pot with vinegar is better. In his later works, there are much more references to the issues of racism, nationalism, chauvinism, etc., where he clearly holds moderated and balanced Christian worldview.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1844-1926 Criticism and interpretation"
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Jordan, Linda. "German science-fiction magazines of Hugo Gernsback, 1926-1935." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65493.
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Falkowska, Janina. "Dialogism in the political films of Andrzej Wajda : Man of Marble, Man of Iron and Danton." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41116.
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This thesis is an attempt at an analysis of Andrzej Wajda's political films, Man of Marble, Man of Iron and Danton in a broad cultural and historical context. The manuscript is divided into five chapters. The first chapter, "The Political Film of Andrzej Wajda--Issues of Methodology", presents a theoretical basis for the discussion of political film. Bakhtin's dialogism complemented by linguistic pragmatics provides the methodology used in the thesis to illustrate the dialogical process of meaning formation in political films of Andrzej Wajda. Chapter two discusses Wajda as the carrier of the political message, while chapters three, four and five, respectively, contain the historical, the dramatis personae and the aesthetic discourses in the films under study.
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Jennings, Maude M. J. "Studies in the poetry : the prosody and the poetic theory of Gerard Manley Hopkins." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/473721.
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This dissertation studies the prosody, poetic theory, theme, and affective nature found in the poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins. The prosody, striking in his time, is still controversial; the theory employs the rhetorical principle of parallelism extensively, and the theme (which is the reason for the affective nature of his work) deals always with Christ: Christ in nature and Christ in man.The study lays emphasis on Hopkins' religious vision. These insights pervade all his work and are prime factors in his poetry. The vision gained from his religion appears throughout all his work.Although recent critics have suggested that the material of his great ode, "The Wreck of the Deutschland" was "recalcitrant" and that his symmetry was "laboured," explication of the poem reveals his early intense voice, sprung rhythm, and his use of the techniques of cynghanedd and dysfalu. His prosody reveals his sense of parallel structure (noted in his art work and in his journals as symmetry) which increased with "number and distinctiveness" with the rise of passion.His "dark night," noted in the sonnets written during 1884-85, have caused some readers to suspect a crisis of faith occurring. Hopkins experienced trauma, but the prolonged depression suggested by the present numbering of the sonnets is inconsistent with his unquestioned faith. The night becomes less dark if chronology is followed.Hopkins' deepest message was delivered in his poetry and throughout his life. As a Catholic priest, teacher, and poet, he sought Christ. Common knowledge informs us that emotional and physical hardships follow such seekers. Teilhard de Chardin's philosophy as ennobling is certainly applicable to any study of Hopkins' life and works. This philosophy provides supplementary confirmation of the poet. Hopkins' achievements surpass the prescriptive condemners of his art.
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Stratford, Madeleine. "Entre les mots et les silences : la crise créative (et existentielle) dans la dernière phase de la poésie de Ingeborg Bachmann et de Alejandra Pizarnik." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19611.
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This master's thesis seeks to establish a comparison between the lyrical work of the Austrian Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973) and the Argentinean Alejandra Pizarnik (1936-1972). First, we draw from the similarities in the lives of both authors. Then, the survey of secondary literature shows that the two writers were the «black sheep» of their literary generation. Finally, our analysis focuses on the last phase of their lyrical production (1963-1966 for Bachmann; 1970-1972 for Pizarnik), most especially on two poems which are considered by the critics to be their «farewell» to poetry : «Keine Delikatessen» [No delicacies] by Bachmann (1963) and «En esta noche, en este mundo» [In this night, in this world] by Pizarnik (1971). We demonstrate that both poets show the same distrust of their medium, language, accompanied by a particular concern for silence, which appears in their respective poems both thematically and formally.
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Zhang, Zhaoyi. "Lu Xun : the Chinese "Gentle" Nietzsche = Lu Xun : Zhongguo "wen he" de Nicai." Frankfurt ; New York : Peter Lang, 2001. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy02/2001038644.html.
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Pavicevic, Mylena. "Charles Nodier et le thème du vampire." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66079.
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Yaffe, Phyllis Cohen 1948. "The 'artist and model' theme in Picasso's work between 1926 and 1963 /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74042.
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Simkin, Stephen John. "Gerard Manley Hopkins : critical perceptions of his relation to poetic tradition to 1970." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15092.
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The aim of this thesis has been to make an accurate assessment of the developments in Hopkins criticism up until 1970, with overriding emphasis on perceptions of his relation to poetic tradition. The chosen methodology involves a chapter by chapter discussion of Hopkins' perceived relation to individual poets or groups of poets. Generally, each chapter opens with an examination of Hopkins' published correspondence, scrutinizing his own criticism of the poet or poets in question, and proceeds in a chronological survey of the ways in which critics and reviewers have related him to the predecessor in question. Material covered in the thesis includes major published works on Hopkins; articles and reviews in scholarly periodicals, as well as more popular journals and some newspapers; and other critical works where Hopkins receives some degree of attention. The 'cutoff' point of this study is 1970, although a final chapter has been appended with a less detailed survey of the developments from 1970 to the present day. On certain occasions, I have ventured to investigate more fully some areas of Hopkins' literary genetics that seem not to have received the attention they deserve. In general, however, the focus of the thesis is upon the perceptions of the critics, and attempts are made to assess the ways in which Hopkins' fluctuating critical standing has altered these perceptions and vice versa. One of the most frequently recurring demands has been the need to try and determine why Hopkins has been related to different poets and different poetic traditions at different times. To provide a more 'three-dimensional' perspective, two chapters are devoted to exploring the ways in which Hopkins has been perceived as an influence on twentieth century poetry, in general terms, and in specific cases. In conclusion, a 'map' of the territory of Hopkins' criticism charting the perceived relations between his oeuvre and poetic tradition is proposed. And, with a necessary emphasis on the provisional (particularly with the post-1970 study taken into account), some suggestions are made for new directions in this area of study.
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Neithamer, Julie, and Julie Neithamer. "Paul Taffanel: the man and his work." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624858.
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To most flutists, Paul Taffanel is known for his Method and as the "Father" of the French school of flute playing. Considering the import of this title, little research has been done on him. It is the goal of this researcher to present a more complete picture of Taffanel than has previously been seen.
To understand the significance of some of the things Taffanel did, it is necessary to know what study at the Paris Conservatoire was like. Lessons were given in classes in which all levels of playing were represented. There was no individual study, and until 1945, there was only one flute class. The number in the class was usually 12, and entry into it was by competitive audition. These auditions were held every October, and the Concours (public exam) was held each July. Requirements for the Concours included a set piece for each instrument (called Morceau de Concours) and a piece of accompanied sightreading.
The jury was chaired by the Director of the Conservatoire, with both internal and external jurors. Taffanel sat in on at least two of these juries before he became professor of flute at the Conservatoire. The awards given were First or Second Prize or First or Second Certificate of Merit. A prize means playing against a certain standard, not competition between individual candidates. As a result, more than one First Prize could be awarded, or it could be withheld altogether. A First Prize was really necessary for a successful musical career.
In Paris, there were many theatre and concert orchestras. There were also salons in which to play chamber music, but the best positions available were in the Paris Opéra and Opéra- Comique. These were government subsidised and had full -time employment and state pension on retirement. There was also the Société des Concerts du Conservatoire which gave annual Sunday concerts between November and April. Membership into this orchestra was by election. The most successful flutist therefore was one who had gained a First Prize and held positions at the Paris Opera and Société des Concerts.
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Keet, Emma Alice. "New title : traversing uncertain co-ordinates in search of alternative trajectories." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch Universitty, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96935.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis traverses the complexities and entanglement of theoretical and practical processes in a Post-structural age. Through the deconstruction of stable systems of knowledge and thought, this age has become synonymous with uncertainty. In an attempt to navigate a time of continual change, Foucault proposes a toolkit. Foucault advocates deconstruction, critical engagement and reflection. In addition to these tools, this thesis moves through genealogical, mapping, archaeological and glass (blowing) methodologies. My practice cannot be separated from theory, it is excavated concurrently. Foucault, Derrida, Nietzsche, Deleuze and Guattari open up knowledge systems in an effort to uncover alternative thought trajectories and create a space in which complexity can exist. Knowledge circulating in this space is not fixed, it manifests in moments. My practical project, Fleeting Certainty, also aims to create an open space. It does not culminate in one, autonomous work, but is rather an archive of moments. Viewers will also be equipped with a toolkit of light and lenses with which to create moments of their own. Therefore moments will generate continuously. These theoretical and practical processes do not culminate in a coherent conclusion. There is a pause, a comma, but there are many more trajectories or lines to follow.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis deurkruis die ingewikkeldhede en verstrengeling van teoretiese en praktiese prosesse binne ’n Post-strukturele tydperk. Hierdie tydperk het, deur die dekonstruksie van stabiele stelsels van kennis en denke, gelykstaande aan onsekerheid geword. In a poging om ’n tydperk van voortdurende verandering te verken, stel Foucault sekere hulpmiddels voor. Foucault bepleit, dekonstruksie, kritiese betrokkenheid en besinning. Benewens hierdie hulpmiddels, maak hierdie tesis gebruik van genealogiese, karterings-, argeologiese en glas (blaas) metodologieë. Die praktiese komponent van my werk hou ten nouste verband met die teoretiese en kan nie van mekaar geskei word nie. Foucault, Derrida, Nietzsche, Deleuze and Guattari stel kennisstelsels oop in ’n poging om alternatiewe gedagtegange te ontbloot en skep ’n ruimte waarin kompleksiteit kan bestaan. Kennis wat in hierdie ruimte bestaan, is nie vas of bepaald nie, maar kom in oomblikke voor. My praktiese projek, Fleeting Certainty, poog ook om ’n ‘oop’ ruimte te skep. Die projek loop nie uit op een selfstandige werk nie, maar dien as ’n versameling of argief van oomblikke. Kykers sal ook toegerus word met hulpmiddels in die vorm van lig en lense waarmee hulle oomblikke van hul eie kan skep. Oomblikke sal dus voortdurent geskep word. Hierdie teoretiese en praktiese prosesse loop ook nie op ’n samehangende gevolgtrekking uit nie. Daar is ’n pouse, ’n komma, maar daar is baie meer bane of lyne om te volg.
Books on the topic "1844-1926 Criticism and interpretation"
1
Laila, Skjøthaug, and Thorvaldsen Bertel 1770-1844, eds. Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770-1844). Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana, 2010.
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2
Srečko Kosovel, 1904-1926. Koper: Zal. Lipa, 1986.
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3
Zadravec, Franc. Srečko Kosovel, 1904-1926. Koper: Zal. Lipa, 1986.
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4
Komoróczy, Emőke G. "Kassák az emigrációban", 1920-1926. Csepel: Csepeli Munkásotthon, Olvasó Munkás Klub, 1986.
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5
Zhili︠a︡kova, Ė. M. Tradit︠s︡ii sentimentalizma v tvorchestve rannego Dostoevskogo: (1844-1849). Tomsk: Izd-vo Tomskogo universiteta, 1989.
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6
van, Rysselberghe Théo, ed. Théo van Rysselberghe, 1862-1926. Bruxelles: Editions Racine, 2003.
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7
Feltkamp, Ronald. Théo van Rysselberghe, 1862-1926. Bruxelles: Racine, 2003.
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8
Zubiri, Xavier. Primeros escritos, 1921-1926. Madrid: Alianza, 1999.
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9
Claude Monet: 1840-1926. Köln: Taschen, 2004.
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10
Goldstein, Clifford. 1844 made simple. Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press Pub. Association, 1998.
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