Journal articles on the topic '1836-1851'

Although there was some specialist interest in teaching psychological medicine in the 18th century, it was the Asylum Acts of 1808 and 1845 which made the subject a speciality and was responsible for drawing attention to the need for undergraduate and post-graduate training. By 1827 Alexander Morison was giving lectures on insanity in Scotland, to be followed by Dr W. A. F. Browne who, in 1836, was giving a series of lectures at the Montrose Asylum which he repeated at the Crichton Royal Hospital in 1851. Dr D. Skae of Morningside Asylum also gave lectures and clinical demonstrations on insanity from 1846. Edinburgh students benefited from teaching in insanity by Thomas Laycock, professor of medicine following his appointment in 1851 (Crichton Browne, 1851).

El trabajo estudia el conflicto interétnico en el sur de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) entre 1836 y 1852. Su propósito es abordar la complejidad y multiplicidad de los vínculos entre los ranqueles y los indios chilenos, quienes se desplazaban hacia sus tolderías ubicadas en la pampa seca, así como analizar los procesos sociopolíticos desatados en Argentina y Chile en el siglo XIX; para esto se revisaron fuentes documentales de frontera (publicadas e inéditas). El análisis sostiene que los lazos que dieron sustento a estas articulaciones políticas dan cuenta de los mecanismos que imbrican y complementan fuerzas sociales en conflicto, los cuales fueron lo suficientemente relevantes como para dotar de especificidad a los procesos acaecidos en este tramo de la frontera interior argentina.

Assam is located in the Indo-Burma global biodiversity hotspot, and contains many animals and plants that have not been investigated scientifically. Increasing urbanization and destruction of forest cover have created threats to the survival of many species, hence scientific investigation is important to support conservation efforts. I undertook this study to evaluate the status of land snails in Guwahati, the capital city of Assam, a fast-growing city 216 km2 in area where shrinkage of natural forest cover has become a matter of great concern. A total of 12 species were recorded: Cyclophorus pearsoni (Benson, 1851), C. zebrinus (Benson, 1836), Pterocyclus parvus (Pearson, 1833), Endothyrella affinis (Gude, 1897), Cryptaustenia silcharensis (Godwin-Austen, 1907), Macrochlamys atricolor (Godwin-Austen, 1875), M. hengdanensis Godwin-Austen, 1899, Sitala rimicola (Benson, 1859), Bradybaena cestus (Benson, 1836), Lissachatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822), Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834), and Rishetia hastula (Benson, 1860). I have provided a detailed discussion of our findings.

Thomas Grant was born at Ligny-Les-Aires near Arras in France on November 25th 1816. His father was a sergeant in the British army and had just fought at Waterloo. He was at the time serving in the army of occupation following Napoleon’s defeat. For the first twelve years of his life Thomas followed his family to many assignments with the army. He grew accustomed to army life and this would serve him well when later he became a bishop. In 1829 he entered Ushaw seminary and from there was sent to the English College in Rome in 1836. He was ordained in 1841 and was created Doctor of Divinity immediately after his ordination. Already acclaimed for his great learning, he was named as secretary to Cardinal Acton. In his service he became proficient in canon law and the workings of the Roman curia. He became Rector of the English College in 1844 and was nominated to the see of Southwark in 1851. At that time he had not been in England since he left for Rome in 1836. Indeed he had only lived ten years in England altogether.

Based on the data obtained by the authors in the last 10 years, provides information on the findings of 47 species from 4 families of weevils (Curculionoidea) in the forest zone of the East of the Russian Plain, which significantly expands the data on their distribution. Of these, 24 species are recorded for the first time for the fauna of the Kirov Province, 11 species - for the first time for the fauna of the Perm Krai, 3 species - for the first time for the fauna of Udmurtia. 5 species ( Ceutorhynchus varius Rey, 1895, Calosirus apicalis (Gyllenhal, 1827), Dorytomus tremulae (Fabricius, 1787), D. majalis (Paykull, 1792), Anthonomus pinivorax Silfverberg, 1977) were first recorded in the fauna of the Vyatka-Kama region, and Larinus obtusus Gyllenhal, 1836, Ceutorhynchus griseus Brisout de Barneville, 1869, C. sisymbrii (Dieckmann, 1966), Neophytobius quadrinodosus (Gyllenhal, 1813), Glocianus fennicus (Faust, 1895), Dorytomus hirtipennis Bedel, 1884 ), Curculio rubidus (Gyllenhal, 1836), Mecinus janthinus Germar, 1821, Tychius aureolus Kiesenwetter, 1851, and Hypera plantaginis (DeGeer, 1775)) were first found in the southern taiga subzone of the eastern Russian Plain. Ceutorhynchus hirtulus Germar, 1823 are excluded from the composition of the regional fauna of the Vyatka-Kama interfluve.

The family Macrophthalmidae Dana, 1851, is one of the best represented brachyuran groups in intertidal habitats in the Persian Gulf. Nine species from two subfamilies are reported from the gulf and the adjacent Gulf of Oman, mainly inhabiting intertidal soft substrates. The subfamily Ilyograpsinae Števcic, 2005, is represented by Ilyograpsus rhizophorae Barnard, 1950, erroneously recorded as I. paludicola (Rathbun, 1909). Eight species of the subfamily Macrophthalminae Dana, 1851, have been recorded from the area, all belonging to Macrophthalmus Desmarest, 1823. Of these, M. sinuspersici Naderloo & Türkay, 2010, has recently been described and is the only species of the genus occurring on rocky shores. Macrophthalmus graeffei A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, occurs in subtidal water and is hereby recorded for the first time from the northern Indian Ocean. The remaining six species, M. dentipes Lucas, 1836, M. depressus Rüppell, 1830, M. grandidieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, M. laevis A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, M. serenei Takeda & Komai, 1991, and M. sulcatus H. Milne-Edwards, 1852, are important elements of the intertidal soft bottom communities. An identification key for the genus Macrophthalmus in the area is provided, and the geographical distribution of the family is briefly discussed.

Focusing only on the famous and celebrated has skewed military and political history; focusing only on Oliver Evans, Lauchlan McKay, John W. Griffiths, Joseph Crane, and John H. Patterson could similarly skew our sense of American technical communication in the nineteenth century. Exploring the written work of an ordinary American mechanician of the nineteenth century, William Stillman of Rhode Island, could help balance our appraisal of nineteenth-century American technical communication. Reviewing the writing and graphics in his 1851 Miscellaneous Compositions, as well as his 1839 lock patent and 1836 bank lock instructions, reveals Stillman's ambidextrous abilities in using both text and graphics to communicate; abilities similar to his more famous fellow citizens. However, the three-dimensional qualities of his 1839 patent graphic reveals an unusual ability to mimic the biological methods in which the human eye sees three dimensions.

La Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba cuenta con un rico legado de imágenes hasta la llegada de la fotografía a mediados del XIX que constituyen una destacada fuente documental para la investigación. Tras una amplia labor de rastreo y localización de dichas imágenes, se aportan referencias sobre sus autores, contexto y técnicas, valorando su fiabilidad o precisión gráfica. Las primeras conocidas corresponden a tiempos cristianos, destacando dos panorámicas urbanas de la segunda mitad del XVI, una de ellas objeto de plagios con una notable difusión en Europa. Los primeros planos a escala del monumento conservados son del XVIII y las primeras vistas interiores de finales de ese siglo. En la primera mitad del XIX se produjeron abundantes imágenes de viajeros y artistas, algunas muy bellas y publicadas con gran éxito editorial. Los documentos gráficos reseñados se presentan agrupados según su autoría y orden cronológico: primeras imágenes simbólicas (desde 1360), Wyngaerde (1567), Civitatis (h. 1585-1617), copias del Civitatis (s. XVII-XVIII), Baldi (1668), óleo anónimo (1741), imágenes esquemáticas (s. XVIII), dibujo colección Vázquez Venegas (1752), planos Académicos (1767-1804), Swinburne (1775-1779), Karwinsky y Rillo (1811), Laborde (h. 1800-1812), Murphy (1802-1813), Bacler d’Able (h. 1820), Taylor (h. 1826-1832), Ford (1831), Lewis (1832-1836), Prangey (1832-1837), Gail (h. 1832-37), Roberts (1833-1839), Dauzats (h. 1836-1838), Chapuy (h. 1838-1842), Villaamil (h. 1838-1844), Bossuet (h. 1841-1855), Gerhardt (h. 1849-1851), Guesdon (1853), Parcerisa (1855) y Los Monumentos Arquitectónicos (h. 1852-1881).

The species of the chewing louse genus Guimaraesiella Eichler, 1949 parasitic on drongos (Dicruridae) are reviewed and placed in the new subgenus Dicrurobates, which is described herein together with eight new species, including one species from non-dicrurid hosts. The new species are: Guimaraesiella (Dicrurobates) carbonivora n. sp. from Dicrurus bracteatus carbonarius Bonaparte, 1850; Guimaraesiella (Dicrurobates) latitemporalis n. sp. from Dicrurus hottentottus brevirostris (Cabanis, 1851) and Dicrurus hottentottus ssp. (Linnaeus, 1766); Guimaraesiella (Dicrurobates) lurida n. sp. from Dicrurus leucophaeus Vieillot, 1817; Guimaraesiella (Dicrurobates) luzonica n. sp. from Dicrurus balicassius (Linnaeus, 1766); Guimaraesiella (Dicrurobates) nana n. sp. from Dicrurus hottentottus samarensis Vaurie, 1947; Guimaraesiella (Dicrurobates) regis n. sp. from Dicrurus annectans (Hodgson, 1836), Dicrurus paradiseus paradiseus (Linnaeus, 1766) and Dicrurus paradiseus rangoonensis (Gould, 13836); Guimaraesiella (Dicrurobates) transvaalensis n. sp. from Dicrurus adsimilis apivorus Clancey, 1976; and Guimaraesiella (Dicrurobates) campanula n. sp. from Oriolus larvatus rolleti Salvadori, 1864 and Prionops plumatus poliocephalus (Stanley, 1814). Also, Guimaraesiella (Dicrurobates) sexmaculata (Piaget, 1880) and Guimaraesiella (Dicrurobates) dicruri (Ansari, 1955) are redescribed and illustrated. A key to identify adults of all 10 species included in the subgenus is provided.

AbstractAdrianus Catharinus Holtius (1786-1861) war Professor zu Deventer (1816-1821), Groningen (1821-1822), Löwen (1822-1831 ) und Utrecht ( 1831-1861). Sein Lehrauftrag zu Utrecht enthielt römisches Recht, Handelsrecht und Seerecht. Er verkehrte brieflich mit Savigny vom 6. Juni 1832 bis zum 27. Oktober 1851. Nur die Holtiusbriefe sind in der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg greifbar. Ein Schreiben Savignys vom 13. Oktober 1836 ist erhalten und wird in diesem Aufsatz in ungekürzter Form abgedruckt. Die Korrespondenz umfaßt eine Vielzahl von Themen: so z.B. die Überlieferung, nach der die Pisaner die Littera Pisana 1135 in Amalfi erbeutet hätten, den Gegensatz Quiritium und Latinorum, die Begriffsbestimmung von furtum, mutuum, nexus, fructuum perceptio, civilis und naturalis possessio und die Anwesenheit Cujazischer Schriften in Frankfurt. Holtius gibt auch seinen Kommentar zu den Veröffentlichungen Savignys, wie Das Recht des Besitzes und Geschichte des römischen Rechts im Mittelalter. Weiterhin diskutiert man über Handschriften und Kollegen, über den jämmerlichen Zustand der Gesetzgebung, der Rechtspflege und der Rechtswissenschaft, über die eigene Gesundheit usw. Holtius erweist sich als ein Rechtswissenschaftler mit internationalen Kontakten und breitem Interesse, der die Zivilrechtswissenschaft seiner Zeit noch immer für eine europäische und romanistische Wissenschaft hält.

As currently defined, the genus Deltaspis Audinet-Serville, 1834, contains 16 species ranging in distribution from the southwestern United States to eastern Mexico. However, the generic distinction between Deltaspis and its closely allied genera, such as Crossidius LeConte, 1851 and Muscidora Thomson, 1864, is in need of clarification. According to Audinet-Serville, Deltaspis is so named due to its distinctive triangular scutellum (i.e., Δετα, delta, ασπιζ écusson), which is actually a commonly shared character of all these genera. Members of the tribe Trachyderini Dupont (1836), which includes the above genera, also have mandibles with an emarginate-truncate apex with the edge chisel-like or bifid. This modification of mouthpart appears to be for consumption of pollen and/or petals from composite flowers visited by the adult beetles (Krenn et al., 2005; Beierl & Barchet-Beierl, 1999). Other genera from this tribe with this modification of mandibles from North America, and mostly from Mexico, include: Chemsakiella Monné, 2006, Giesbertia Chemsak & Linsley, 1984, Hoegea Bates, 1885, Neocrossidius Chemsak, 1959, Paroxoplus Chemsak, 1959, Plionoma Casey, 1912, Schizax LeConte, 1873, and Tylosis LeConte, 1850. The remainder of Trachyderini genera have unmodified or simple mandibles with apex acute.

The first railway stations in St. Petersburg: Tsarskoselsky (1836), Nikolaevsky (1851, now Moskovsky) Varshavsky (1853), Peterhof (1853-1857, now Baltic) are the objects of research. They formed the first railway junction in Russia. The placement of these stations in the urban structure of the city is considered. The method of comparative analysis is applied with the involvement of sources for the placement of the first railway stations in cities with a different urban structure. This method allows to identify the main trends and principles of the placement of the first railway stations in the middle of the 19th century and to determine the features of the placement of St. Petersburg stations. The method is based on the consideration of the station as a component of the urban-planning system "station- city". At the same time, both the general factors that determine the content and direction of the vectors of interaction of the elements of this system and the features caused by the urban planning context of each of the stations in St. Petersburg are identified and analyzed. In result, the basic principles of integration of the first railway stations into the urban planning structure of St. Petersburg are revealed. The vectors of interaction between the city and the station are shown: the influence of the existing planning scheme of the city on the placement of stations and the importance of stations in the subsequent change and development of the urban planning context.

Knowledge of morphology, coloration, and distribution of species of Calcinus Dana, 1851 from French Polynesia is expanded based primarily on collections obtained during the French BENTHAUS Expedition in 2002 to the Austral Islands, the southernmost of the French Polynesian islands. Six species of Calcinus were obtained from inshore to depths of 280 m. Of these, one proved to be a new species, C. albengai, and is fully described. This new species has two colour variants, one with pale pink to cream chelipeds that lives in shallow-water from the intertidal to about 50 m, the other with bright orange chelipeds, from deeper waters from about 50 to 280 m. Morphologically this new species is distinguished by differences in the armature of the ocular acicles, aspects of the left and right palms, ventrodistal pilosity of third pereopods, and telson armature. Five species were collected by dredging, trawling, or using traps, in depths of 40 to 280 m: C. anani Poupin & McLaughlin, 1998, C. gouti Poupin, 1997, C. haigae Wooster, 1984, C. spicatus Forest, 1951, and C. aff. sirius Morgan, 1991. Of these, C. gouti was previously known exclusively based on the holotype from Tuamotu, and a more complete diagnosis is presented; the others are also diagnosed, including new details on coloration. Inshore and scuba collecting on Rapa Island produced four additional, but better known species: C. elegans (H. Milne Edwards, 1836), C. latens (Randall, 1840), C. laevimanus (Randall, 1840), and C. vachoni Forest, 1958. The inshore Calcinus fauna of Rapa is briefly compared with its counterpart on Easter Island, located at the same latitude 3500 km to the east. A total of 19 (or possibly 20, should C. sirius be confirmed in the future) Calcinus species are now known from French Polynesia. Cases of sibling species of Calcinus, distinguished almost exclusively by coloration, are summarized.

The gular pouch is a large structure, of unknown function, that is present in sexually mature males of two parasitic species of southern-hemisphere lampreys. Our study showed the presence of a similar structure, of much smaller size, in both spawning and prespawning males and females in seven parasitic species of northern-hemisphere lampreys. Homology between the structure present in southern-hemisphere and northern-hemisphere lampreys was established based on the position of the pouch in the gular region and the fact that northern-hemisphere and southern-hemisphere lampreys have a sister-group relationship. The presence of lipids in the gular pouch was established in prespawning specimens of Entosphenus tridentatus (Gairdner in Richardson, 1836) and Petromyzon marinus L., 1758. The proposed hypothesis is that these lipids act as an energy source to sustain these two anadromous species during their protracted spawning migration. The hypothesis that the gular pouch is used to help carry stones for nest building was tentatively rejected pending further testing, because despite having a much smaller gular pouch, P. marinus has been observed carrying much larger stones than those carried by Geotria australis Gray, 1851. The statistically significant difference in gular-pouch volume between spawning males and females of P. marinus suggests that males use their larger pouch for courtship display. The gular pouch possessed a single lumen in the genera Ichthyomyzon Girard, 1858, Petromyzon L., 1758, and Caspiomyzon Berg, 1906, as in southern-hemisphere lampreys, whereas it comprised two lumens in the genera Entosphenus Gill, 1862 and Lampetra Bonnaterre, 1788. This is phylogenetically significant, as the two lumen gular pouch, interpreted as the derived condition, identifies a major clade of northern-hemisphere lampreys.

Two species of Paguristes Dana, 1851 occurring in New Zealand waters, P. pilosus H. Milne Edwards, 1836 and P. setosus H. Milne Edwards, 1848, were the sources of errors and considerable confusion for many years. The misunderstanding regarding the identities of these taxa was further compounded by Filhol (1885) when he published a description of P. setosus Filhol, 1885, not realizing that this species had previously been published by H. Milne Edwards (1848) [see Forest & McLaughlin (2000: 77) for a historical account]. In his revision of the Anomura of New Zealand, Thomson (1899) redescribed Filhol’s Pagurus setosus, assigning it to his new genus Stratiotes Thomson as the type species. Although Alcock (1905) and Thompson (1930) expressed doubt about the validity of Stratiotes, it was not until Forest & McLaughlin (2000) reviewed all of the New Zealand species assignable to Paguristes, that Stratiotes was placed in synonymy with Dana’s taxon. However, when Rahayu (2005) found the gill number of Paguristes species in the collection of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris variable, she restricted Paguristes to species having 13 pairs of gills and reinstated Stratiotes for species with only 12 pairs. Unfortunately Stratiotes Thomson recently was found to be a junior homonym of Stratiotes Putzeys, 1846, (Coleoptera) and a replacement name became necessary. Areopaguristes is proposed as the replacement name; from the Greek Ares, the God of War, in combination with Paguristes. As Stratiotes means soldier, the proposed replacement name maintains the original sense of combat, while identifying the genus as closely allied to Paguristes s.s.; gender masculine. The type species, Pagurus setosus, is unchanged.

From its beginnings in 1836 as the library of the Government School of Design, the National Art Library (NAL) in the UK was intended to have an impact on design in the country. After the Great Exhibition of 1851 it former part of what was to become known as the Victoria and Albert Museum (V & A). By the 1850s it had already adopted the title of National Art Library, although it was called the V & A Museum Library between 1908 and 1985. By 1853 collections aimed to cover the arts and trades comprehensively, and by 1869 the NAL aimed also at comprehensive access to individual objects created in the course of history. By 1852, the library was open to all, although a charge was made at first. Various forms of subject indexing have been used; from 1877 to 1895 subject lists were prepared for internal use and sold to the public, and from 1869 to 1889 a remarkable Universal catalogue of books on art was produced. The present mission statement of the NAL focuses on collecting, documenting and making available information on the history and practice of art, craft and design, and the library aims its services at both the national and international community. However, its great 19th century contribution to published subject control of art materials has been almost completely absent in the 20th century. During 1994 the NAL will contribute records to the British Library (BL) Conspectus database, though there is little formal cooperation between the two libraries. As a specialist library it can organize its collections and index them in ways that are impossible for a comprehensive library such as the BL, and it therefore has an important part to play in the national library scene.

A review of genus-group names for darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) is presented. A catalogue of 4122 nomenclaturally available genus-group names, representing 2307 valid genera (33 of which are extinct) and 761 valid subgenera, is given. For each name the author, date, page number, gender, type species, type fixation, current status, and first synonymy (when the name is a synonym) are provided. Genus-group names in this family are also recorded in a classification framework, along with data on the distribution of valid genera and subgenera within major biogeographical realms. A list of 535 unavailable genus-group names (e.g., incorrect subsequent spellings) is included. Notes on the date of publication of references cited herein are given, when known. The following genera and subgenera are made available for the first time: Anemiadena Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Cheirodes Gené, 1839), Armigena Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Nesogena Mäklin, 1863), Debeauxiella Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Hyperops Eschscholtz, 1831), Hyperopsis Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Hyperops Eschscholtz, 1831), Linio Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Nilio Latreille, 1802), Matthewsotys Bouchard & Bousquet, gen. nov., Neosolenopistoma Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Eurynotus W. Kirby, 1819), Paragena Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Nesogena Mäklin, 1863), Paulianaria Bouchard & Bousquet, gen. nov., Phyllechus Bouchard & Bousquet, gen. nov., Prorhytinota Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Rhytinota Eschscholtz, 1831), Pseudorozonia Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Rozonia Fairmaire, 1888), Pseudothinobatis Bouchard & Bousquet, gen. nov., Rhytinopsis Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Thalpophilodes Strand, 1942), Rhytistena Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Rhytinota Eschscholtz, 1831), Spinosdara Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Osdara Walker, 1858), Spongesmia Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Adesmia Fischer, 1822), and Zambesmia Bouchard & Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Adesmia Fischer, 1822). The names Adeps Gistel, 1857 and Adepsion Strand, 1917 syn. nov. [= Tetraphyllus Laporte & Brullé, 1831], Asyrmatus Canzoneri, 1959 syn. nov. [= Pystelops Gozis, 1910], Euzadenos Koch, 1956 syn. nov. [= Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834], Gondwanodilamus Kaszab, 1969 syn. nov. [= Conibius J.L. LeConte, 1851], Gyrinodes Fauvel, 1897 syn. nov. [= Nesotes Allard, 1876], Helopondrus Reitter, 1922 syn. nov. [= Horistelops Gozis, 1910], Hybonotus Dejean, 1834 syn. nov. [= Damatris Laporte, 1840], Iphthimera Reitter, 1916 syn. nov. [= Metriopus Solier, 1835], Lagriomima Pic, 1950 syn. nov. [= Neogria Borchmann, 1911], Orphelops Gozis, 1910 syn. nov. [= Nalassus Mulsant, 1854], Phymatium Billberg, 1820 syn. nov. [= Cryptochile Latreille, 1828], Prosoblapsia Skopin & Kaszab, 1978 syn. nov. [= Genoblaps Bauer, 1921], and Pseudopimelia Gebler, 1859 syn. nov. [= Lasiostola Dejean, 1834] are established as new synonyms (valid names in square brackets). Anachayus Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Chatanayus Ardoin, 1957, Genateropa Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Apterogena Ardoin, 1962, Hemipristula Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Hemipristis Kolbe, 1903, Kochotella Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Millotella Koch, 1962, Medvedevoblaps Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Protoblaps G.S. Medvedev, 1998, and Subpterocoma Bouchard & Bousquet, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Pseudopimelia Motschulsky, 1860. Neoeutrapela Bousquet & Bouchard, 2013 is downgraded to a subgenus (stat. nov.) of Impressosora Pic, 1952. Anchomma J.L. LeConte, 1858 is placed in Stenosini: Dichillina (previously in Pimeliinae: Anepsiini); Entypodera Gerstaecker, 1871, Impressosora Pic, 1952 and Xanthalia Fairmaire, 1894 are placed in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina (previously in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina); Loxostethus Triplehorn, 1962 is placed in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina (previously in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina); Periphanodes Gebien, 1943 is placed in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini (previously in Tenebrioninae: Helopini); Zadenos Laporte, 1840 is downgraded to a subgenus (stat. nov.) of the older name Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834. The type species [placed in square brackets] of the following available genus-group names are designated for the first time: Allostrongylium Kolbe, 1896 [Allostrongylium silvestre Kolbe, 1896], Auristira Borchmann, 1916 [Auristira octocostata Borchmann, 1916], Blapidocampsia Pic, 1919 [Campsia pallidipes Pic, 1918], Cerostena Solier, 1836 [Cerostena deplanata Solier, 1836], Coracostira Fairmaire, 1899 [Coracostira armipes Fairmaire, 1899], Dischidus Kolbe, 1886 [Helops sinuatus Fabricius, 1801], Eccoptostoma Gebien, 1913 [Taraxides ruficrus Fairmaire, 1894], Ellaemus Pascoe, 1866 [Emcephalus submaculatus Brême, 1842], Epeurycaulus Kolbe, 1902 [Epeurycaulus aldabricus Kolbe, 1902], Euschatia Solier, 1851 [Euschatia proxima Solier, 1851], Heliocaes Bedel, 1906 [Blaps emarginata Fabricius, 1792], Hemipristis Kolbe, 1903 [Hemipristis ukamia Kolbe, 1903], Iphthimera Reitter, 1916 [Stenocara ruficornis Solier, 1835], Isopedus Stein, 1877 [Helops tenebrioides Germar, 1813], Malacova Fairmaire, 1898 [Malacova bicolor Fairmaire, 1898], Modicodisema Pic, 1917 [Disema subopaca Pic, 1912], Peltadesmia Kuntzen, 1916 [Metriopus platynotus Gerstaecker, 1854], Phymatium Billberg, 1820 [Pimelia maculata Fabricius, 1781], Podoces Péringuey, 1886 [Podoces granosula Péringuey, 1886], Pseuduroplatopsis Pic, 1913 [Borchmannia javana Pic, 1913], Pteraulus Solier, 1848 [Pteraulus sulcatipennis Solier, 1848], Sciaca Solier, 1835 [Hylithus disctinctus Solier, 1835], Sterces Champion, 1891 [Sterces violaceipennis Champion, 1891] and Teremenes Carter, 1914 [Tenebrio longipennis Hope, 1843]. Evidence suggests that some type species were misidentified. In these instances, information on the misidentification is provided and, in the following cases, the taxonomic species actually involved is fixed as the type species [placed in square brackets] following requirements in Article 70.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: Accanthopus Dejean, 1821 [Tenebrio velikensis Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783], Becvaramarygmus Masumoto, 1999 [Dietysus nodicornis Gravely, 1915], Heterophaga Dejean, 1834 [Opatrum laevigatum Fabricius, 1781], Laena Dejean, 1821, [Scaurus viennensis Sturm, 1807], Margus Dejean, 1834 [Colydium castaneum Herbst, 1797], Pachycera Eschscholtz, 1831 [Tenebrio buprestoides Fabricius, 1781], Saragus Erichson, 1842 [Celibe costata Solier, 1848], Stene Stephens, 1829 [Colydium castaneum Herbst, 1797], Stenosis Herbst, 1799 [Tagenia intermedia Solier, 1838] and Tentyriopsis Gebien, 1928 [Tentyriopsis pertyi Gebien, 1940]. The following First Reviser actions are proposed to fix the precedence of names or nomenclatural acts (rejected name or act in square brackets): Stenosis ciliaris Gebien, 1920 as the type species for Afronosis G.S. Medvedev, 1995 [Stenosis leontjevi G.S. Medvedev, 1995], Alienoplonyx Bremer, 2019 [Alienolonyx], Amblypteraca Mas-Peinado, Buckley, Ruiz & García-París, 2018 [Amplypteraca], Caenocrypticoides Kaszab, 1969 [Caenocripticoides], Deriles Motschulsky, 1872 [Derilis], Eccoptostira Borchmann, 1936 [Ecoptostira], †Eodromus Haupt, 1950 [†Edromus], Eutelus Solier, 1843 [Lutelus], Euthriptera Reitter, 1893 [Enthriptera], Meglyphus Motschulsky, 1872 [Megliphus], Microtelopsis Koch, 1940 [Extetranosis Koch, 1940, Hypermicrotelopsis Koch, 1940], Neandrosus Pic, 1921 [Neoandrosus], Nodosogylium Pic, 1951 [Nodosogilium], Notiolesthus Motschulsky, 1872 [Notiolosthus], Pseudeucyrtus Pic, 1916 [Pseudocyrtus], Pseudotrichoplatyscelis Kaszab, 1960 [Pseudotrichoplatynoscelis and Pseudotrichoplatycelis], Rhydimorpha Koch, 1943 [Rhytimorpha], Rhophobas Motschulsky, 1872 [Rophobas], Rhyssochiton Gray, 1831 [Ryssocheton and Ryssochiton], Sphaerotidius Kaszab, 1941 [Spaerotidius], Stira Agassiz, 1846 (Mollusca) [Stira Agassiz, 1846 (Coleoptera)], Sulpiusoma Ferrer, 2006 [Sulpiosoma] and Taenobates Motschulsky, 1872 [Taeniobates]. Supporting evidence is provided for the conservation of usage of Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841 nomen protectum over Chrysobalus Boisduval, 1835 nomen oblitum.

Murowany parafialny kościół farny pw. Świętych Joachima i Anny we Włodzimierzu Wołyńskim stanął na miejscu kościoła drewnianego, fundacji księżnej Anny Zabarskiej z 1554 roku, który w 1736 roku spłonął. Fundatorem nowej świątyni był biskup Adam Woyna Orański, sufragan kamieniecki i przez niego konsekrowany. Po kolejnym pożarze w 1800 roku spłonął dach kościoła, a staraniem proboszcza ks. Tomasza Zdebińskiego został odbudowany i pokryty gątem. W 1833 roku w pożarze miasta dach świątyni z probostwem i zabudowaniami kościelnym ponownie spłonął. W 1836 roku z pomocą biskupa łucko-żytomierskiego Michała Jana Piwnickiego i ze skromnych ofiar parafian kościół farny został odbudowany. Kolejny remont dachu i murów kościelnych miał miejsce w 1853 roku staraniem ówczesnego proboszcza i dziekana włodzimierskiego w latach 1850-1886 – ks. Jana Piotrowskiego. W 1856 roku gąta dachowe na świątyni zostały zastąpione blachą. Na podstawie sporządzonego opisu kościoła parafialnego w we Włodzimierzu Wołyńskim dowiadujemy się o historii parafii, jej proboszczach, o świątyni, jej odbudowach, wyposażeniu i konserwacji wystroju. Opisane dobra materialne przynależne da parafii ukazują stan beneficjum kościelnego w tamtych czasach.

In accordo con le disposizioni del codice internazionale di Nomenclatura Zoologica, vengono proposte otto azioni allo scopo di salvaguardare la stabilità della nomenclatura attuale di alcune specie della tribù Tychiini. seguendo le indicazioni dell’Articolo 23.9.1,<em> Sibinia subelliptica</em> Desbrochers, 1873 è considerato <strong>nomen protectum</strong> e <em>Gymnetron schaumi</em> Becker, 1864 è considerato <strong>nomen</strong> <strong>oblitum</strong>; <em>Sibinia phalerata</em> Gyllenhal, 1836 è considerato <strong>nomen protectum</strong> e <em>Sibinia</em> <em>centromaculata</em> Villa &amp; Villa, 1835 è considerato <strong>nomen</strong> <strong>oblitum</strong>. Essendo presenti le condizioni richieste dall’articolo 75.3, vengono designati i neotipi dei seguenti taxa: <em>Sibinia</em> <em>centromaculata</em> Villa &amp; Villa, 1835; <em>Sybines</em> <em>pulchellus</em> Desbrochers, 1875. Sono inoltre stabiliti i lectotypi di: <em>Gymne­</em> <em>tron</em> <em>schaumi</em> Becker, 1864; <em>Sibinia attalica</em> Gyllenhal var. <em>lateralis</em> Desbrochers, 1895; <em>Sibinia cinctella</em> Desbrochers, 1898; <em>Sibinia pozuelica</em> Fuente, 1910; <em>Tychius barceloni­cus</em> Desbrochers, 1908; <em>Tychius edentatus</em> Desbrochers, 1895; <em>Tychius</em> <em>pallidicornis</em> Desbrochers, 1875; <em>Tychius parvulus</em> Stephens, 1831; <em>Tychius seductor</em> Desbrochers, 1908. Vengono proposte le seguenti nuove sinonimie: <em>Sibinia bipunctata</em> Kirsch, 1870 =<em> Sibi­nia postsignata</em> Voss, 1971<strong> n. syn</strong>.; <em>Sibinia</em> <em>exigua</em> Faust = <em>Sibinia</em> <em>cinctella</em> Desbrochers, 1898 <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Sibinia femoralis</em> Germar, 1824 = <em>Sibinia attalica</em> var. <em>lateralis</em> Desbrochers, 1895<strong> n. syn</strong>. = <em>Sibinia consanguinea</em> Desbrochers, 1895 <strong>n. syn</strong>. = <em>Sibinia attalica</em> var. <em>curtula</em> Desbrochers, 1907 n. syn. = <em>Sibinia</em> <em>dilataticollis</em> Desbrochers, 1907 <strong>n. syn</strong>.= <em>Sibinia</em> <em>seducta</em> Desbrochers, 1907 <strong>n. syn.</strong> = <em>Sibinia pozuelica</em> Fuente, 1910 <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Si­binia pici</em> Desbrochers = <em>Sibinia otiosa</em> Hustache, 1944 <strong>n. syn.</strong> = <em>Sibinia</em> <em>praeventa</em> Hustache, 1944 <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Sibinia subelliptica</em> Desbrochers, 1873 = <em>Sibinia schaumei</em> Desbrochers, 1895 <strong>n</strong>. <strong>syn</strong>.; <em>Sibinia unicolor</em> Fåhraeus, 1843 = <em>Sybines pulchellus</em> Desbrochers, 1875 <strong>n. syn</strong>. = <em>Sibinia ochreata</em> Schilsky, 1912 <strong>n. syn.</strong> = <em>Sibinia sobrina</em> Voss, 1936 <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Sibinia variata</em> Gyllenhal, 1836 = <em>Sibinia rubripes</em> Desbrochers, 1907 <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Sibi­nia</em> <em>viscariae</em> (Linnaeus) = <em>Sibinia submeticollis</em> Desbrochers, 1908<strong> n. syn</strong>.; <em>Tychiusar­ gentatus</em> Chevrolat, 1859 = <em>Tychius dimidiatipennis</em> Desbrochers, 1873 <strong>n. syn.</strong> = <em>Tychius argenteosquamosus</em> Desbrochers, 1908 <strong>n. syn</strong>. = <em>Tychius seductor</em> Desbrochers, 1908<strong> n. syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius</em> <em>medicaginis</em> C. Brisout, 1862 = <em>Tychius griseus</em> Petri, 1915 (non Schaeffer, 1908) <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius breviusculus</em> Desbrochers, 1873 = <em>Tychius humeralis</em> Desbrochers, 1908 <strong>n.</strong> <strong>syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius cinnamomeus</em> Kiesenwetter, 1851 = <em>Tychius</em> <em>adspersus</em> Desbrochers, 1908 <strong>n. syn</strong>. = <em>Tychius barcelonicus</em> Desbrochers, 1908 <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius cu­prifer</em> (Panzer, 1799) = <em>Myllocerus subcostatus</em> Kolenati, 1858 <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius cuprinus</em> Rosenhauer, 1856 = <em>Tychius tuberculirostris</em> Hustache, 1944 <strong>n. syn.</strong>; <em>Tychius dieckmanni</em> Caldara, 1986 = <em>Lepidotychius babaevi</em> Bajtenov &amp; Soyunov, 1990<strong> n. syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius ele­gantulus</em> C. Brisout, 1862 = <em>Tychius pulcher</em> Pic, 1925 <strong>n. syn.</strong>; <em>Tychius elongatulus</em> Desbrochers, 1897 = <em>Tychius longitarsis</em> Desbrochers, 1898 <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius grenieri</em> C. Brisout, 1861 = <em>Tychius sparsus</em> Hustache, 1944; <em>Tychius</em> <em>immaculicollis</em> Desbrochers, 1907 = <em>Tychius</em> <em>elegans</em> Desbrochers, 1896 (non Brullé, 1832) = <em>Tychius ifranensis</em> Hustache, 1944 <strong>n. syn</strong>. = <em>Tychius kocheri</em> Hustache, 1944 <strong>n.</strong> <strong>syn</strong>. = <em>Tychius teluetensi</em>s Hustache, 1944<strong> n. syn.</strong>; <em>Tychius</em> <em>lautus</em> Gyllenhal, 1836 = <em>Tychius</em> <em>obductus</em> Hochhuth, 1851 <strong>n</strong>. <strong>syn</strong>. = <em>Tychius cilicensis</em> Pic<em>,</em> 1905<strong> n. syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius oschianus</em> Faust, 1885 = <em>Tychius pubicol­lis</em> Petri, 1915 <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius</em> <em>pardalis</em> Escalera, 1914 = <em>Tychius</em> <em>circulatus</em> Hustache, 1944 <strong>n.</strong> <strong>syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius picirostris</em> (Fabricius, 1787) = s<em>Tychius parvulus</em> Stephens, 1831 <strong>n. syn</strong>.; <em>Tychius polylineatus</em> (Germar, 1824) = <em>Tychius orbiculatus</em> Hustache, 1944 <strong>n. syn.</strong>; <em>Tychius stephensi</em> Schoenherr, 1836 = <em>Tychius pallidicornis</em> Desbrochers, 1875<strong> n. syn</strong>. Sono considerati nomi infrasubspecifici e pertanto non utilizzabili: <em>Sibinia attalica</em> Gyllenhal var. <em>unicolor</em> Desbrochers, 1895: 102 (non Fåhraeus, 1843); <em>Sibinia attalica</em> subsp. <em>tibiella</em> var. <em>desbordesi</em> Hoffmann, 1954;<em> Tychius pusillus</em> var. <em>inermis</em> Hoffmann, 1954. <em>Sibinia</em> <em>suturella</em> Motschulsky, 1858 (non Fårhaeus, 1843) viene trasferita al genere <em>Smicronyx</em>.

Uno de los principales objetivos que emprendió el Estado de la Nueva Granada (1832-1855) fue la promoción de las escuelas de primeras letras en todos los rincones de la República. Parte de esta política se reglamentó a partir de la Ley 1ª de 19 de mayo de 1834, junto con las adicionales (Ley 2ª de 16 de mayo de 1836 y la 3ª de 13 de junio de 1844), las cuales dieron el marco para que las cabeceras parroquiales promovieran la fundación de establecimientos educativos. Sin embargo, la política tendiente a la promoción de ciudadanos letrados generó conflictos entre los vecinos de las localidades, ya por las contribuciones que se exigían a sus habitantes para su financiamiento o por el nombramiento de los preceptores de primeras letras. Estos conflictos se examinan en el presente artículo, develando como detrás de ellos, estaban las rivalidades locales y las facciones en que estaban escindidas las parroquias, mostrando como la difusión de la instrucción primaria, fue compleja y tortuosa, pues el proceso estatal se enfrentó a los entramados del poder local.

Первым, до Октябрьской революции 1917 г. и единственным в российской провинции государственным учреждением, которое время от времени занималось историей, археологией и археографией, были губернские статистические комитеты Министерства внутренних дел. С 1860-х гг. эти официальные органы время от времени получали поручения министерства составить справки по древностям своих губерний, а затем нередко занимались памятниками старины по собственной инициативе. А в их архивных фондах и печатных изданиях накопились богатые сведения о случайных находках древностей и разных археологических объектах. Одним из наиболее активных был статистический комитет в Курске. Его работа и взаимосвязи с другими комитетами позволяет признать за статистическими комитетами одну из форм гражданского общества, где чиновники, ученые и представители общественности изучали и сохраняли следы далекого прошлого. Библиографические ссылки Балацкая Н.М., Раздорский А.И. 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Историко-краеведческая деятельность губернских статистических комитетов России во второй четверти XIX – начале XX века: на примере Пензенской губернии. Автореф. дисc. … канд. ист. наук. Пенза: ПГПУ, 2004. 22 с. Щавелёв С.П. Археологический почин курского учителя А.И. Дмитрюкова в 1820-е – 1830-е годы // РА. 1996. № 4. С. 177–184. Щавелёв С.П. Географические предпосылки русской археологии: первые «Описания Курского наместничества» // История археологии: личности и школы: ММНК к 160-летию со дня рождения В.В. Хвойки (Киев, 5–8 октября 2010 г.) / Отв.ред. Н.И. Платонова. СПб.: Нестор-История, 2011. С. 316–323. Юбилейный сборник Центрального Статистического комитета Министерства внутренних дел. Т. L. 1863–1913. СПб., 1913. 308 с.

U radu je prikazano osnivanje veterinarskog školstva od samog početka u Lyonu 1762. g. do 1919. kada je osnovan Veterinarski fakultet u Zagrebu, a spomenuti su i osnivači, odnosno ravnatelji nekih tadašnjih veterinarskih škola. Prikazan je i pregled civilne i vojne organizacije veterinarstva po pojedinim tadašnjim državama. Budući da su veterinari u Hrvatskoj bili većinom školovani u Beču, to ćemo razvoj školstva i veterinarstva u Beču obraditi u posebnom radu. U Francuskoj je 1880. g. uz 419 vojnih veterinara djelovalo i 3 015 civilnih veterinara, ili ukupno 3 434 veterinara. U talijanskoj vojsci ukupno je bilo 142 veterinara, a u španjolskoj vojsci je 1881. g. bilo ukupno 252 veterinara. U belgijskoj vojsci 1868. g. bilo je 34 vojnih dok je bilo i 392 civilnih veterinara, a u Austriji u civilnoj službi bio je 297 veterinara. U Saskoj 1874. g. djeluje više od 200 civilnih veterinara i oko 40 vojnih veterinara, koji od 1864. g. imaju zajedničko veterinarsko društvo. U Prusiji se iz Naredbe od 21. 5. 1875. g. veterinarstvo potpuno odvaja od lječništva, a uz vojne veterinare bilo je ukupno 1 700 civilnih veterinara, i to 39 oblasnih, 422 kotarska, 16 graničnih i oko 1 000 privatnih veterinara. U Badenu su djelovala 54 kotarska veterinara, 65 u slobodnoj praksi i 20 vojnih veterinara i veterinarskih referenata, a u Würtenbergu je bilo 268 civilnih veterinara i 31 veterinar uposlen u vojsci. Nastava je u 19. stoljeću u Francuskoj u Lyonu od 1813. g. trajala 2, odnosno 3 godine, a od 1825. g. trajala je 4 godine. U Španjolskoj je nastava trajala 4, odnosno 5 godina. U Mađarskoj je u Budimpešti nastava 1851. g. godine trajala 2 semestra, a od 1875. g. trajala je 3 godine da bi od 1899. g. bila produžena na 4 godine, potom od 1922. g. studij traje 9, a od 1951. g. 10 semestara. U Njemačkoj je u Hannoveru nastava do 1845. g. trajala 2 godine, a od 1851. produžava se na 3 godine. U Berlinu nastava od 1836. g. traje 6 ili 7 semestara, a od 1878. g. sva je nastava produžena na 7 semestara. U Njemačkoj je u Münchenu studij od 1790. g. trajao 3 godine.

At the beginning of the 19th century, caught within the ring of the massive walls of the fortress, Timişoara town had been hardly defining its new profile. From 21 military buildings, 20 were situated in the inner side of the fortress. In 1807 this town and its church represented the target of the orations of one young bricklayer who had arrived from Arad: he was also asking for a house in this settlement. e story turned real: for four decades the builder had built princely houses, administrative palaces, barracks, hospitals, churches and record houses throughout the historical Banat. His name had become well-known in the villages and towns of this region. Anton Schmidt – a former pupil of Franz Pumberger, a builder of fortifications in Aradul Nou – had more unacknowledged projects before becoming a significant member of the guild in Timişoara. At the time of his first marriage, with Anna Frantz in 1809, the documents mention him as a simply “Murar”. He participated, for the first time in 1818, in a contest promoted for the construction of an inn named “At the Queen of England,” in the suburb of the Fabric district. Scheduled with halls for dancing and playing billiards, the building had to offer several rooms for travelers too. e edifice, designed from a symmetrical viewpoint, with a central risalit on its façade, and its fronton sustained by four columns with Ionic capitals, which tower a terrace at the first floor level, the exterior of the ground floor decorated “in rustica,” had not been approved by the management board of the town. In 1834 Anton Schmidt signed onto the project of a Communal eatre, a building which was supposed to be raised within the inner side of the walls. Its façade re-engaged the clearer and more balanced elements of the unachieved inn. He proposed a new edifice, with some modern stage equipment, an easy access (separate entrance for the artists and public), a comfortable ground floor and dress circles on the floor for the onlookers, and ball rooms for the high life public too. Yet, because of low financial resourses, this project had not been finalized either. In the meantime, the tireless architect also designed other important and utilitarian buildings: a factory and a wine storehouse (Pesac village), a treatment resort (Băile Buziaş), and manor houses (in Herneacova, Sângeorgiu, Beodra/Serbia). He constructed an impressive number of barracks for the army in the fortress of Timişoara or in the region, he designed and built the Town-Hall (currently the Town Museum) and the Hospital in Pančevo (Serbia), a new one storried barracks in Timişoara (1836), he added some more floors at the Catholic Seminar and executed some repairs at the St. George Church. He traveled to Austria and Hungary and returned with the cathedral project from Eger (Hungary, made by József Hild). In 1841 he proposed the construction of a church for the believers from Călacea, several plans for Catholic (with 300 or 500 people) and Orthodox churches, in 1835 he signed a plan for the Evangelic Lutheran Church in Timişoara. e documents in 1836 mention him as an outstanding member of the society in Timişoara: “Muratorium Magister et Selecta Civica.~ Com~unitatis Membrum”. Getting married, for the second time in 1823, to Anna, the sister of senator Franciscus Mayer, he succeeded in founding a happy family. He was the first builder who had influenced the architecture in Timişoara through his activity. His buildings, most of them scheduled on three levels (wine cellars, ground floors and one upper floor), were characterized by balance, reason and few classical ornaments (columns with Ionic or composite capitals, pilasters, gates marking the axle of the building developed symmetrically on the horizontal level). e more important edifices benefited by one more floor and an attic mounted on classically symbolic sculptures. Only a few of creations have been preserved. e greatest part of the buildings meant to the army (e Genista Barrack, e New Engineers’ Barrack etc.) was demolished when the town was brought up to date. e one-storried castle from Elemir was sold as construction material. We have no information related to the manor house in Banatsko Aranđelovo (Serbia) nor to the Barracks of the Cavalry Squadron in Sânnicolaul Mic (today part of Arad). In Timişoara, in the old historical centre, there is only the imposing building of a business man, Franciscus Xaverius Strohmayer, watching the town out of its numerous windows. He retired in 1851 with a considerable fortune visiting Italy twice. He remained a consultant regarding the important buildings of the town: he elaborated the development plans of the Old Prefecture Palace, he modified his own house in the Iozefin Suburb, sold to the Gendarme Station (1857), he designed for his relatives, he drew and dreamt of ideal familial residencies. Some of these, incomplete drawings and projects, were deposited to the museum in 1908, certifying the fact that... the beseech of the young builder had been finally accomplished.