Academic literature on the topic '180501 Assessment and management of benthic marine ecosystems'
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Journal articles on the topic "180501 Assessment and management of benthic marine ecosystems"
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Duarte, Sofia, Barbara Leite, Maria Feio, Filipe Costa, and Ana Filipe. "Integration of DNA-Based Approaches in Aquatic Ecological Assessment Using Benthic Macroinvertebrates." Water 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030331.
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Benthic macroinvertebrates are among the most used biological quality elements for assessing the condition of all types of aquatic ecosystems worldwide (i.e., fresh water, transitional, and marine). Current morphology-based assessments have several limitations that may be circumvented by using DNA-based approaches. Here, we present a comprehensive review of 90 publications on the use of DNA metabarcoding of benthic macroinvertebrates in aquatic ecosystems bioassessments. Metabarcoding of bulk macrozoobenthos has been preferentially used in fresh waters, whereas in marine waters, environmental DNA (eDNA) from sediment and bulk communities from deployed artificial structures has been favored. DNA extraction has been done predominantly through commercial kits, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) has been, by far, the most used marker, occasionally combined with others, namely, the 18S rRNA gene. Current limitations include the lack of standardized protocols and broad-coverage primers, the incompleteness of reference libraries, and the inability to reliably extrapolate abundance data. In addition, morphology versus DNA benchmarking of ecological status and biotic indexes are required to allow general worldwide implementation and higher end-user confidence. The increased sensitivity, high throughput, and faster execution of DNA metabarcoding can provide much higher spatial and temporal data resolution on aquatic ecological status, thereby being more responsive to immediate management needs.
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SALOMIDI, M., S. KATSANEVAKIS, A. BORJA, U. BRAECKMAN, D. DAMALAS, I. GALPARSORO, R. MIFSUD, et al. "Assessment of goods and services, vulnerability, and conservation status of European seabed biotopes: a stepping stone towards ecosystem-based marine spatial management." Mediterranean Marine Science 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.23.
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The goal of ecosystem-based marine spatial management is to maintain marine ecosystems in a healthy, productive and resilient condition; hence, they can sustainably provide the needed goods and services for human welfare. However, the increasing pressures upon the marine realm threaten marine ecosystems, especially seabed biotopes, and thus a well-planned approach of managing use of marine space is essential to achieve sustainability. The relative value of seabed biotopes, evaluated on the basis of goods and services, is an important starting point for the spatial management of marine areas. Herein, 56 types of European seabed biotopes and their related goods, services, sensitivity issues, and conservation status were compiled, the latter referring to management and protection tools which currently apply for these biotopes at European or international level. Fishing activities, especially by benthic trawls, and marine pollution are the main threats to European seabed biotopes. Increased seawater turbidity, dredged sediment disposal, coastal constructions, biological invasions, mining, extraction of raw materials, shipping-related activities, tourism, hydrocarbon exploration, and even some practices of scientific research, also exert substantial pressure. Although some first steps have been taken to protect the European sea beds through international agreements and European and national legislation, a finer scale of classification and assessment of marine biotopes is considered crucial in shaping sound priorities and management guidelines towards the effective conservation and sustainability of European marine resources.
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Marcelli, Marco, Sergio Scanu, Francesco Manfredi Frattarelli, Emanuele Mancini, and Filippo Maria Carli. "A Benthic Zonation System as a Fundamental Tool for Natural Capital Assessment in a Marine Environment: A Case Study in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 3786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103786.
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Coastal marine areas are characterized by the highest values of ecosystem services and by multiple uses that are often in conflict with each other. Natural capital analysis is claimed to be a valid tool to support space planning. In the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) of the European Union (EU), the EU Joint Research Centre (JRC) Scientific and Policy Report 2014 defines the monitoring of specific descriptors and their possible use, based on an ecosystem-services approach. Mediterranean marine ecosystems are characterized by high biodiversity and the presence of relevant benthic biocenosis that can be used as a tool to support coastal planning, conservation, and monitoring programs. In this study, we considered the Mediterranean benthic biocenosis, as classified by Pérès and Picard, as a working tool and propose a basic spatial unit for the assessment of marine ecosystem services. Focusing on a high-resolution local-scale analysis, this work presents an accurate identification of the different biocenoses for the coastal area of Civitavecchia in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, and ecosystem services, as well as a benefits assessment, of the Posidonia oceanica meadows.
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Pauli, Nora-Charlotte, Jana S. Petermann, Christian Lott, and Miriam Weber. "Macrofouling communities and the degradation of plastic bags in the sea: an in situ experiment." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 10 (October 2017): 170549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170549.
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The increasing amount of plastic littered into the sea may provide a new substratum for benthic organisms. These marine fouling communities on plastic have not received much scientific attention. We present, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive analysis of their macroscopic community composition, their primary production and the polymer degradation comparing conventional polyethylene (PE) and a biodegradable starch-based plastic blend in coastal benthic and pelagic habitats in the Mediterranean Sea. The biomass of the fouling layer increased significantly over time and all samples became heavy enough to sink to the seafloor. The fouling communities, consisting of 21 families, were distinct between habitats, but not between polymer types. Positive primary production was measured in the pelagic, but not in the benthic habitat, suggesting that large accumulations of floating plastic could pose a source of oxygen for local ecosystems, as well as a carbon sink. Contrary to PE, the biodegradable plastic showed a significant loss of tensile strength and disintegrated over time in both habitats. These results indicate that in the marine environment, biodegradable polymers may disintegrate at higher rates than conventional polymers. This should be considered for the development of new materials, environmental risk assessment and waste management strategies.
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Lejeune, Benjamin, Dorothée Kopp, Sonia Mehault, and Maud Aline Mouchet. "Assessing the diet and trophic level of marine fauna in a fishing ground subject to discarding activity using stable isotopes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 7, 2022): e0268758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268758.
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Discarding practices have become a source of concern for the perennation of marine resources, prompting efforts of discard reduction around the globe. However, little is known about the fate of discards in marine environments. Discarding may provide food for various marine consumers, potentially affecting food web structure and stability. Yet, quantifying reliance upon discards is difficult because identity and frequency of discards may change according to multiple factors, and most previously used diet assessment techniques do not allow to assume consistency of feeding strategies over time. One currently untested hypothesis is that significant contribution of discards over time should reflect in increased trophic level (TL) of marine fauna, particularly in low TL consumers. Here, we explored this hypothesis by modeling the TL and assimilated diet of consumers living in fishing grounds subject to important discarding activity using stable isotope analysis. We found indications that benthic invertebrates and Chondrichthyes may depict a higher than expected TL, while other fish tend to depict similar to lower TL compared to global averages from the literature. Based on prior knowledge of discard consumption in the same area, stable isotope mixing models congruently revealed that discards may represent substantial portions of the assimilated diet of most benthic invertebrate macrofauna, cephalopods and Chondrichthyes. We highlight limitations and challenges of currently used diet assessment techniques to study discard consumption and stress that understanding their reintegration in marine food webs is crucial in the context of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management and to better understand the functioning of marine ecosystems subject to fishing.
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Demestre, Montserrat, Paolo Sartor, Alfredo Garcia-de-Vinuesa, Mario Sbrana, Francesc Maynou, and Andrea Massaro. "Ecological importance of survival of unwanted invertebrates discarded in different NW Mediterranean trawl fisheries." Scientia Marina 82, S1 (December 20, 2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04784.28a.
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There is currently very little information on the survival of discards of unwanted and unregulated catches of invertebrates after the stresses caused by capture. A great number of the unregulated invertebrate species form the basis of essential fish habitats for important fisheries resources such as hake, red mullet and cuttlefish. Thus, data on their survival after discarding may help to interpret the role of these species within the benthic ecosystems. Furthermore, descriptor 6 of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (EU Directive 2008/56/E) foresees maintaining sea floor integrity at a level that ensures that the structure and functions of the ecosystems are safeguarded, and Article 7(d) of the Common Fisheries Policy (EU Reg. 1380/2013) foresees the implementation of management measures for fishing with low impact on the marine ecosystem and fishery resources. Survival measurements by direct recovery of tagged discarded species are not effective in bottom trawl fisheries, for which alternative studies such as semi-quantitative measures obtained on board prior to discarding can be considered as appropriate for mortality estimation. The present work assessed the survival of unwanted species using a semi-quantitative assessment on the deck of trawlers and at the laboratory for a period of 96 hours in two Mediterranean areas (the Catalan coast and the Ligurian and Northern Tyrrhenian seas). A high number of discarded invertebrates showed a high percentage of survival (>70%) in both assessments. The results can be used to provide information that can help to achieve higher survival levels of discarded specimens and enhance the productivity of fishing grounds by increasing the health of benthic ecosystems.
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MAMO, BRIONY L. "Benthic Foraminifera from the Capricorn Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia." Zootaxa 4215, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4215.1.1.
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Effective reef management and monitoring has become increasingly important as anthropogenic processes impact upon natural ecosystems. One locality that is under direct threat due to human activities is the Australian Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Marine foraminifera represent an abundant and readily applicable tool that can be used in reef studies to investigate a variety of ecological parameters and assist in understanding reef dynamics and influence management protocols. The first step is to establish a baseline knowledge of taxonomic composition within the region to facilitate comparative studies and monitor how assemblages change in order to maximise effective management. A detailed taxonomic assessment is provided of 133 species of benthic foraminifera in 76 genera from Heron Island, One Tree Island, Wistari and Sykes Reefs, which form the core of the Capricorn Group (CG) at the southern end of the GBR. Of these 133 species, 46% belong to the order Miliolida, 34% to Rotaliida, 7% to Textulariida, 5% to Lagenida, 3% to Lituolida, 3% to Spirillinida, 1% to Loftusiida and 1% to Robertinida. Samples were collected from a variety of shallow shelf reef environments including reef flat, lagoonal and channel environments. Seventy species, representing the most abundant forms, are formally described with detailed distribution data for the remaining 63 species supplied.
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Turissa, Pragunanti, Nababan Bisman, Siregar Vincentius, Kushardono Dony, and Madduppa Hawis. "Evaluation Methods of Change Detection of Seagrass Beds in the Waters of Pajenekang and Gusung Selayar." Trends in Sciences 18, no. 23 (November 15, 2021): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2021.677.
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Knowledge about coastal and small island ecosystems is increasing for the monitoring of marine resources based on remote sensing. Remote sensing data provides up-to-date information with various resolutions when detecting changes in ecosystems. Studies have defined a shift in marine resources but were limited only to pixel or object classification in changes of seagrass area. In the present study, two classification method analysis approaches were compared to obtain optimum results in detecting changes in seagrass extent. It aimed to determine the dynamics of a seagrass ecosystem by comparing two classification methods in the waters of Gusung Island and Pajenekang, South Sulawesi, these methods being pixel-based and object-based classification methods. This research used SPOT-7 satellite imagery with 6 m2 of spatial resolution. Accuracy assessment using the confusion matrix showed optimum accuracy in object-based classification with an accuracy value of 87 %. Meanwhile, pixel-based classification showed an accuracy value of 78 % around Gusung Island. Pajenekang Island had accuracy values of 69 % with object-based classification and 65 % with pixel-based classification. A comparison of both classification methods revealed statistically high accuracy in mapping the benthic habitats of seagrass ecosystems. The results of the classifications showed a decline in the area of seagrass populations around Gusung Island from 2016 - 2018 and around Pajenekang Island from 2013 - 2017, with a change rate of 11.8 % around the island of Gusung and 7.6 % around the island of Pajenekang. This can explain the reason for the temporal method of object-based research classification having the best potential to process data changes in areas of seagrass in South Sulawesi waters and remote sensing information for the mapping of coastal area ecosystems.
HIGHLIGHTS
Information on coastal ecosystems globally with remote sensing data is currently very easy to access, but information related to ecosystem management and seagrass ecology in certain areas is still limited
Analysis of seagrass benthic changes in shallow water requires data processing methods with high accuracy
The OBIA (Object Based Image Analysis) method is one of the analytical methods that can provide optimal results in observing changes in seagrass ecosystems in the waters of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Paganelli, Daniela, Paola La Valle, Marina Pulcini, Raffaele Proietti, Luisa Nicoletti, Barbara La Porta, Loretta Lattanzi, Alfredo Pazzini, Monica Targusi, and Massimo Gabellini. "Towards an evaluation of physical loss pressure in the Italian seas for the implementation of the marine strategy framework directive." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417000911.
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All over the world marine waters are under increasing pressure from human activities affecting marine ecosystems. Several EU Directives require assessment of the condition of marine environments; in particular the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) applies an ecosystem approach to the management of human activities. In this context, the mapping of pressures in a standardized and comparable way is a critical step to assess the spatial pattern, the temporal change and the ecological impacts of human pressures. Within the MSFD, one of the stressors directly affecting the seafloor is the Physical Loss (PL) pressure, representing the permanent or long-term alteration of marine habitats. The main purpose of this study was to propose a method to estimate the spatial extent of PL pressure in the framework of the Initial Assessment phase of the MSFD. Furthermore, considering that human activities PL-related cause the loss of benthic habitats, and that the Mediterranean sea is characterized by sensitive and protected habitats such as the biogenic substrates sensu MSFD, the distribution of PL pressure was overlaid with the distribution of the seabed habitats to estimate the loss of biogenic substrates. This study represents a useful tool for establishing the baseline condition for PL pressure, to compare future conditions and to evaluate different management scenarios. Moreover, it allows identification of the areas where pressure tends to accumulate as ‘hot spots’ on which to focus in future impact analyses and the areas where few stressors are present.
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Gaichas, S. K., J. S. Link, and J. A. Hare. "A risk-based approach to evaluating northeast US fish community vulnerability to climate change." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 8 (April 8, 2014): 2323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu048.
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Abstract Risk assessment methods are used worldwide to evaluate threats posed by fisheries and other impacts on living marine resources, and to prioritize management of these threats. We derive a simplified risk analysis for aggregate fish communities as a preliminary tool to identify priorities for further detailed assessment. Because some of the largest observed rates of sea surface temperature increase are on the northeast US continental shelf, we focused on climate change-driven risks to marine communities in this region. We evaluated climate vulnerability for six communities across two ecosystems: both commercial and non-commercial demersal fish, pelagic fish, and benthic invertebrates in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) and Mid-Atlantic bight (MAB). We first evaluated the probability that anticipated climate changes (e.g. warming water, decreased salinity, increased acidity, altered boundary currents) would occur in these regions, and rated the potential severity of change over the next 10 years. Then, we evaluated the sensitivity of each biological community in each region using 12 attributes (e.g. habitat and prey specificity, temperature and acidity sensitivity, larval dispersal, adult mobility, population productivity, etc.). Exposure to the key climate risks was related to community sensitivity in each region for an overall assessment of climate vulnerability. Climate risks from increased surface water temperature, sea level rise, and earlier spring were rated moderate to high in both regions, with additional moderate to high risks in the GOM from increased bottom temperature, stratification, and river inputs. Benthic invertebrates were rated most sensitive, with demersals intermediate and pelagics lowest. Two MAB communities were rated more sensitive than corresponding GOM communities, but greater short-term climate risks in the GOM indicated increased exposure for GOM communities. Overall, this simple analysis may help prioritize short-term regional climate risk management action, thus addressing key conditions related to fishery fluctuations beyond fishing itself.
Book chapters on the topic "180501 Assessment and management of benthic marine ecosystems"
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Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Sara Barrientos, Rodolfo Barreiro, Shankar Aswani, José J. Pascual-Fernández, and Raquel De la Cruz-Modino. "Can Local Knowledge of Small-Scale Fishers Be Used to Monitor and Assess Changes in Marine Ecosystems in a European Context?" In Human-Nature Interactions, 299–314. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_24.
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Significance StatementIn the last decades, many coastal areas have observed dramatic changes in marine ecosystems, due to anthropogenic and environmental alterations. The general absence of long-term data sets in the marine environment and, more specifically, on benthic and demersal communities represents a severe issue for management and conservation. We propose to incorporate the small-scale fishers’ knowledge and science for better policy recommendations, both in terms of fisheries optimization and resource conservation. Based on two different cases of study with diverse ecosystems, we explore the combination of quantitative and qualitative tools, and participative techniques used to incorporate fishers’ local ecological knowledge. The results highlight fishers’ capacity to identify coastal and marine landscapes resources and changes, reinforcing and complementing the scientific assessment.
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Thrush, Simon F., Judi E. Hewitt, Conrad A. Pilditch, and Alf Norkko. "Temporal variations in benthic assemblages and processes." In Ecology of Coastal Marine Sediments, 105–18. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804765.003.0008.
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Demonstrating changes over time in soft-sediment ecosystems is critical to understanding ecosystem dynamics and predicting how they may change. Monitoring is thus an essential process providing insight into how complex ecological systems change and has important implications in adaptive management, impact assessment and stewardship. The chapter describes how both slow and fast processes operate in soft sediments and drive changes across multiple time scales. The role of time series data in helping to understand detailed short-term studies is discussed. The interactions between space and time have important implications in study design, interpretation and accounting for inconsistency in results. The chapter finishes by discussing two types of temporal change of significant concern these days due to their implications for resilience and ecosystem dynamics: tipping points and hysteresis.
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"Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing." In Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing, edited by Elliott A. Norse. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569605.ch8.
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<strong><em>Abstract. </em></strong>The recent increase in interest about effects of trawling and dredging on seafloor ecosystems and their fisheries can be understood by examining three phases in the history of conservation thinking. The primary focus in nonmarine conservation thinking and management worldwide is on maintaining biodiversity, while marine managers are still focused mainly on use of marine life. Marine conservation lags behind nonmarine conservation, as shown using key measures of scientific publication, species protection, and ecosystem protection. Because fishing is the human activity that most affects marine biodiversity, marine fisheries biology has a particularly large role in determining the fate of the sea’s biodiversity. Unlike management-oriented nonmarine fields including wildlife biology and forest biology, marine fisheries biology has yet to incorporate key insights from the science of ecology, including the importance of maintaining abundance and diversity of predators and structure-forming species. Growing concern about the loss of structure-forming species, such as corals and sponges, and their role in providing fish habitat cannot be addressed using traditional stock assessment techniques. This creates the need for the evolution of a new marine ecosystem-based management paradigm that incorporates modern understanding of ecology and conservation biology.