Journal articles: '17th-19th centurie'

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Franits, Wayne E. "Europe: 17th-19th Centuries." Woman's Art Journal 24, no. 1 (2003): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1358825.

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Бачура, О. П., Т. В. Лобанова, and Г. П. Визгалов. "DOGS (CANIS FAMILIARIS) FROM YENISEYSK (17th-19th CENTURIES)." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 263 (November 15, 2021): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.263.160-175.

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Статья посвящена описанию остеологической коллекции собак (103 экз.) из раскопок усадьбы Баландина XVIII-XIX вв. в г. Енисейске. Исследования показали, что это были собаки мелкого и среднего размера. Мелкая форма собак, по-видимому, происходит от каких-то привозных пород. Собаки средних размеров образовались от местных восточносибирских лаек. Продолжительность жизни собак небольшая -около 6 лет, что было обусловлено плохими условиями их содержания. The paper describes osteological selection of dogs (103 specimens) from the excavations of the Balandin's town mansion dating to the 18th-19th centuries in the city of Yeniseysk. According to the research, the dogs were small and of medium size. Small dogs were apparently brought into the city from some other places whereas the ancestors of the medium-size dogs were local East Siberian Laikas. These dogs did not live for a long time, in many cases, around six years, which was explained by poor animal welfare.

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Koryakov, Yuri. "Изменение этноязыковой территории западных и южных манси в XVII—XX вв. Часть I. Предуралье и бассейн Туры." Ural-Altaic Studies 45, no. 2 (2022): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-45-2-58-78.

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This article examines the changes in the ethno-linguistic territory of the Mansi (Voguls) in the Cis-Urals and in the Tura basin during the 17th—20th centuries. In most of these lands, the Mansi and Mansi languages disappeared no later than the early / middle 19th century. But the assimilation and displacement of the Mansi took place a little differently and at different speeds in different parts. The purpose of this article is to bring together and systematize information about the distribution of the Mansi and Mansi languages in the western and southern parts of their range during the 17th—20th centuries. Both primary sources of the 17th—19th centuries and the works of researchers of the 19th—21st centuries were used as material for the study. Particular attention is paid to census data, as well as data on yasak payers of the 17th century. The result of the work is a detailed reconstruction of the geographical distribution and demographics of the Mansi in this region after the 17th century. All toponyms mentioned in earlier works were georeferenced, and diachronic correlation of objects from different time layers was made. For convenience of presentation, the territory under consideration is divided into several sub-areas. Special attention was paid to the time of the disappearance of the Mansi languages in each sub-area and more accurate georeferencing of the known Mansi dictionaries of the 18th—19th centuries. The collected and systematized information is illustrated by detailed ethno-linguistic maps, which make it possible to compare the situation with the Mansi and the Mansi language in different centuries. Such an analysis, based on the areal principle and accompanied by detailed maps, is being done for the first time. The results of the work, including maps, can be used by specialists of various profiles, incl. linguists studying Mansi dialectology and toponymy, ethnographers and historians

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Kralj-Brassard, Rina, Ivana Lazarević, and Irena Ipšić. "Godparents network of the Dubrovnik foundlings (17th-19th centuries)." Annales de démographie historique 130, no. 2 (2015): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/adh.130.0161.

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Farrell, Dianne E., Alla Sytova, and Alex Miller. "The Lubok: Russian Folk Pictures, 17th to 19th Centuries." Russian Review 44, no. 4 (October 1985): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/129794.

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Miura, T., H. Kawana, and K. Nonaka. "Twinning in New England in the 17th–19th Centuries." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 36, no. 3 (July 1987): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000006115.

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AbstractVital records of Saybrook and Plymouth in New England from the 17th century were investigated. Among 8,562 maternities 81 twin maternities were found, the twinning rate being 0.95%. Twinning rate was low at the lst and 2nd births as compared with the 3rd or later births, and was highest at the 7th and 8th births (1.6%). Twin maternity seemed to be a strong risk factor to terminate reproduction, particularly after 6 or more children had been delivered. The rate of mothers who had any other child (“fertile” mothers) at the 7th or later birth order was significantly lower for twin (13%) than for singleton maternities (63%). Twinning rate also varied by the size of offspring of a mother, and those mothers who had 5 or 6 children showed the highest twinning rate (1.3%). Those fertile mothers who had 7 or more children showed the lowest twinning rate (0.74%), although an exceptionally higher twinning rate was seen at their last births. Elongation of the last birth interval was observed for each group of every family size, and higher twinning rates were generally observed at their last births. Reduction in fecundity and rise in twinning rate seem to have occurred simultaneously at the last stage of the reproductive period of mothers, regardless of their family size.

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Fedorov, Mikhail. "PERSONIFICATION OF TIME IN BRITISH LINGUISTIC CULTURE (17th – 19th Centuries)." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series "Humanitarian and Social Sciences", no. 6 (December 20, 2015): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2227-6564.2015.6.99.

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Boumlik, Habiba. "Maghrebi and European Encounters Through Travel Writing: 17th-19th Centuries." Maghreb Review 39, no. 3 (2014): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tmr.2014.0014.

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Vysotskaya, Daria S., Pavel S. Danilov, and Alexander V. Sokolov. "The Entry Into Jerusalem Archaeological Complex of Tsarevokokshaysk (17th - 19th Centuries)." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 4, no. 38 (December 20, 2021): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2021.4.38.117.128.

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The article presents the historical and archaeological characteristics of the territory adjacent to the Entry into Jerusalem Church of the Tsarevokokshaysk. The substantiation is presented that in this part of the historical center of Yoshkar-Ola there is a complex of interrelated archaeological objects that existed here in the time interval from the first decades of the life of the Tsarev town on Kokshaga River to the beginning of the 20th century. The Entry into Jerusalem archaeological complex consists of a historical necropolis of the 17th – mid-18th century, foundation of the Entry into Jerusalem Church built in 1759, remnants of the Rozhdestvenskaya Sloboda of the second half of the 18th – 19th centuries and structures belonging to the Bogoroditse–Sergievsky Monastery of the late 19th century. The authors use archival sources, which, when compared with the data on archaeological research, give an idea of the historical topography of this part of Tsarevokokshaysk in the 17th – 19th centuries.

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BALYUNOV, Igor V. "RUSSIAN VILLAGES OF THE 17TH-19TH CENTURIES IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF THE MIDDLE AGE HILLFORT OF ISKER." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 6, no. 3 (2020): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2020-6-3-137-153.

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The medieval hillfort of Isker, the former capital of the Siberian Khanate of the 17th-19th centuries, is a significant archaeological monument, the late history of which was presented in fragmentary literature in the scientific literature. This article aims to fill in this lacune. In the 17th century many rural settlements appeared in Isker’s immediate vicinity, in connection with the intensive economic development of the Tobolsk Irtysh. At the same time, the territory of the settlement was often referred to as the “Old Siberia” in written sources. These reasons have led to contemporary studies repeatedly providing erroneous information about the Russian villages that stood on the territory of Isker in the 17th-19th centuries. Using written, cartographic, and archaeological sources, the author has accurately determined the number and names of rural settlements on the territory of the “Old Siberia” natural boundary, as well as their locations and the chronological framework of their existence. The data obtained allow to reasonably assert that several Russian villages stood quite close to the abandoned hillfort, but its site was not directly inhabited at a later time. Such a neighborhood slightly affected the composition of the archaeological collections of Isker. The results of comparative studies show that it was generally not typical for Russian settlers in the Tobolsk Irtysh region to erect yards on the sites of ancient hillforts. In addition, the work allowed describing the main historical processes that took place in the 17th-19th centuries on the territory of the “Old Siberia”.

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Hochstrasser-Petit, Ch, L. Romanova, S. Duchesne, O. Melnichuk, and P. Gérard. "Yakut clothes of the 17th and 18th centuries, archaeology and restitution." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 4 (51) (November 27, 2020): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-51-4-12.

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40 frozen yakutian graves, from the 17th to the 19th century allow the reconstitution of clothes. At the end of the 17th century, new fashions are emerging with the ostentatious use of imported goods and the influences of Russian noble circles and Chinese and/or Mongol and/or Buriat fashions. The garment does not only seem to be any more an element of protection against the cold and a utilitarian object but becomes a way to marking the so-cialization of the individual.

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Chernykh, V. V. "Irkutsk Chronicles of the 17th–19th Centuries as a Historical Source." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-1-24-33.

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The chronicles are undoubtedly the most important source for studying Ancient Rus as a whole, as well as its regions, both in the initial period of the formation of statehood and that of centralized state with its established institutions. The empirical base of the research is sources, which may be divided into several groups: chronicles, normative legal acts, scholarship that allows us to record changes in historical process. The methodological basis of the research is general dialectical method, which makes it possible to track effective methods and forms of chronicle development, and method of hermeneutics (scholarship on understanding and interpretation of texts and phenomena, the original meaning of which has become unclear due to antiquity or ambiguity of interpretation). The chronicles were written even in the 19th century, and thus it is of interest to conduct a comparative analysis of the early chronicles and those of the later periods in order to trace their transformations and changing methods over a considerable period of time; to assess how the narrative changed; to identify, if possible, who stood behind the chronicles both of early and later period; to study how the political situation changed; to assess how independent and objective the chroniclers were. The article is to pay tribute to the people who gave us this legacy of historical memory and knowledge of our ancestors and laid the foundation for continuity of national history in all its diversity. No other source provides such diverse, valuable, and often surprising information that allows researchers in various fields of knowledge to write histories of their disciplines. In the aggregate it can provide an image of the nation and follow the historical process in all its diversity, while identifying features of different periods. Therefore, addressing the history of chronicling is to remain an important component in studying Russian history for quite a long time.

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Kislov, Denis. "Management and communication ideas in the late 17th – early 19th centuries." History of science and technology 11, no. 1 (June 26, 2021): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-1-38-53.

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The article examines the period from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 19th century, when on the basis of deep philosophical concepts, a new vision of the development of statehood and human values raised. At this time, a certain re-thinking of the management and communication ideas of Antiquity and the Renaissance took place, which outlined the main promising trends in the statehood evolution, which to one degree or another were embodied in practice in the 19th and 20th centuries. A systematic approach and a comparative analysis of the causes and consequences of those years achievements for the present and the immediate future of the 21st century served as the methodological basis for a comprehensive review of the studies of that period. The scientific novelty of this study is the demonstration of the theoretical heritage complexity of the Enlightenment for the general history of management and communication ideas. The article presents an analysis of the views and concepts of the late 17th – early 18th century thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, who defend the right to freedom of communication and liberalization of relationships in the system: “person – society – state”, associated with their own understanding of the government role. French enlighteners François Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Jean d'Alembert, Etienne Condillac were much smaller theorists in management and communication issues, but their successful epistolary and encyclopedic communication practice, starting from the third decade of the XVIII century significantly increased the self-awareness of the masses. The influence of their ideas on the possibility of progressive development of social relations, on improving the national states manageability and on how of a new type scientists were able not only to popularize knowledge, but also to practically make it an object of public communication is shown. In this context, the author considers the importance of political and legal communication problems in the vision of Charles Louis Montesquieu and analyzes the republican governance ideas by Jean-Jacques Rousseau as an outstanding figure of the Enlightenment, who attached great importance to the forms and methods of forming of the state governance structures. At the end of the historical period under consideration, a comparative historical analysis of the most significant statements of such thinkers as Immanuel Kant and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel is presented. These founders of the scientific discourse around the problems of power and state, war and peace, the effectiveness of government and communication in relations with the people laid the enduring foundations of the theoretical argumentation of two opposing views on the cardinal problem of our time – the possibility or impossibility of achieving mutually acceptable foundations of a new world order peacefully, excluding all types of hybrid wars. The general picture of the scientific and technological achievements of this period, influencing the level of understanding of the management and communication functions of the state of that time, is given in comparison with the present.

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Maureen Perrie. ""Royal Marks": Reading the Bodies of Russian Pretenders, 17th-19th Centuries." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 11, no. 3 (2010): 535–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/kri.0.0178.

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Zormanová, Lucie. "Polish National School System in Teschen Silesia in 17th–19th Centuries." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 36 (October 15, 2018): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2017.36.2.

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Burayeva, Olga. "Russian and Buryat ethno-cultural interaction in the 17th-19th centuries." WORLD OF THE GREAT ALTAI 4, no. 2 (2018): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31551/2410-2725-2018-4-2-215-233.

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Bouramdane, Yousra, Somia Fellak, Fouad El Mansouri, and Abdellatif Boukir. "Impact of Natural Degradation on the Aged Lignocellulose Fibers of Moroccan Cedar Softwood: Structural Elucidation by Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD)." Fermentation 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120698.

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The aims of this study are to investigate the structure of four historical Moroccan cedar softwood samples of different aging time duration (16th, 17th, 19th, 21st centuries) and compare among these four samples, using two analytical methods, FTIR and XRD, in order to confirm some structural changes and determine the degree of deterioration. The pronounced hemicellulose deterioration was highlighted by a breakdown of IR acetyl groups at 1738 cm−1 from the 19th century sample until aged ones. The cellulose XRD crystallinity index showed an important decrease from recent to oldest samples (51.8 to 20.2%) justifying the damages mainly in the two oldest samples (17th and 16th centuries), also confirmed by FTIR. The alteration of lignin was manifested in the case of the two ancient samples (16th and 17th centuries), proven by the decrease in IR bands related to aromatic nuclei (1595, 1500, 1230 cm−1) evolving towards a new diconjugate C=O formers at 1647 cm−1 (quinone, Ar-CO-Ar, Ar-CO-C=C). For accurate elucidation, the data of two combined techniques were compared and correlated. The obtained results depended on the part of the wood exposed to weathering effects (internal or external) and were influenced by both extended time of aging and effects of natural deterioration agents. The effects of natural aging were investigated in four historical Moroccan cedar softwood samples (16th, 17th, 19th, 21st centuries) using two analytical tools: FTIR and XRD. The pronounced hemicellulose deterioration was highlighted by a breakdown of IR acetyl groups at 1738 cm−1 and declines in the absorption signal at 1268 cm−1 from the 19th century sample until aged ones. The cellulose XRD crystallinity index (CrI) estimation showed an important decrease from recent to oldest samples (51.8 to 20.2%) justifying the damages mainly in the two oldest samples (17th and 16th centuries). These data were also confirmed by FTIR showing a significant reduction in both area profiles of C-O-C (1150–1000 cm−1) and C-H crystalline cellulosic bands (1375, 1318, and 1268 cm−1), respectively. The lignin alteration in both old samples (16th and 17th centuries) was proven by the decrease in IR aromatic skeleton (1595, 1500, and 1230 cm−1) evolving towards a new diconjugate C=O formers at 1647 cm−1 (quinone, Ar-CO-Ar, Ar-CO-C=C). To determine the structural difference and the degree of deterioration, the IR area of C=O band intensities ranging from 1550 to 1800 cm−1 was exploited. For accurate elucidation, the data of two combined techniques were compared and correlated. The obtained results depended on the part of the wood (internal or external) exposed to weathering effects and were influenced by both extended time of aging and effects of natural deterioration agents.

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Szczepański, Seweryn, and Piotr Lasek. "Iława (Deutsch Eylau) in the light of cartographic sources from the 17th until the 18th century." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 292, no. 2 (August 2, 2016): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-135024.

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This article aims to present the urban space of Iława (former Deutsch Eylau). The authors mainly draw on cartographic sources from the 17th and 18th centuries. The first source – a map of Jeziorak Lake (formerlyGeserich See) from 1620, allows many conclusions to be reached about the view of the town in modern times. The authors also discuss two plans from the second half of the 18th century. In order to complement our knowledge of the items that appear in the 17th and 18th centuries, it was necessary to use several plans from the 19th century

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Khromov, Oleg. "TWO PRINTS BY LEONTY BUNIN IN THE 18TH CENTURY SERBIAN GRAPHIC." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 16, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2020-16-2-100-113.

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The article is devoted to two engravings depicting Jesus Christ and the Mother of God in lush ornamental cartouches. They are well known to Serbian art critics and are published in the catalogs of Serbian metal engravings of the 18th century. Copper engraved boards of these engravings, which Serbian researchers attribute to the end of the 18th or the beginning of the 19th century, are preserved in the Krka Monastery. Prints from them of the 18th-19th centuries are unknown in Serbian collections. In Serbia, the first prints from these boards were made in the 20th century. However, prints from these engravings were well known in Russia in the 17th-18th centuries. They were primarily used as illustrations in Russian manuscript books. The engravings were made by a Russian master at the end of the 17th century. According to the features of engraving, manner, and stylistics, they can be attributed to Moscow engraver Leonty Bunin. In Russian manuscripts, they were usually used as illustrations in the book The Passion of Christ along with the 14-sheet series The Passion of Christ by Leonty Bunin. Cases of using them as independent illustrations are known. In the 1730s, these engravings disappeared from the illustrations in The Passion of Christ series in Russian manuscript books. Their later prints are unknown in Russia. The history of their appearance in Serbia, in the Krka Monastery, remains unknown. Perhaps they appeared there as gifts from Russia which the monastery regularly received. In the 18th century, Serbian religious art experienced a powerful influence from Dutch graphics. As iconographic sources, Serbian masters used Flemish and Dutch engravings of the 16th and 17th centuries. They were the same ones that were used by Russian masters of the 17th century, especially of the second half of the century, as iconographic examples. The identity of the artistic processes that took place in the art of Serbia in the 18th century and Russia of the 17th century turned out to be so close that Serbian art historians regarded the Russian prints of the 17th century by Leonty Bunin as Serbian works of an unknown engraver of the late 17th - early 19th centuries. The biography of Leonty Bunin is considered in detail in the article, some facts of his life are presented for the first time.

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Hawk, Barry E. "English Competition Law Before 1900." Antitrust Bulletin 63, no. 3 (July 11, 2018): 350–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003603x18781397.

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English competition law before 1900 developed over many centuries and reflected changes in political conditions, economic theories and social values. It mirrored the historical movements in England, from the medieval ideal of fair prices and just wages to 16th and 17th century nation-state mercantilism to the 18th and 19th century Industrial Revolution and notions of laissez faire capitalism and freedom of contract. English competition law at varying times articulated three fundamental principles: monopolies were disfavored; freedom to trade was emphasized; and fair or reasonable prices were sought. The Sherman Act truly was a watershed that significantly took a different path from English law as it had evolved. In England, legal challenges to monopolization were limited to the royal creation of monopolies and were concentrated in the 17th and early 18th centuries. A prominent element of English competition law—bans on forestalling—was repealed in the first half of the 19th century. Enforcement of English law against cartels was largely emasculated by the end of the 19th century with the ascendancy of freedom of contract and laissez faire political theory.

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Gorokhov, S. V. "CHILDREN’S AND ADULT CROSS PENDANTS OF THE 17th–19th CENTURIES IN SIBERIA." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 2(45) (2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2019-45-2-049-058.

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Field, Barry C. "The Evolution of Individual Property Rights in Massachusetts Agriculture, 17th–19th Centuries." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 14, no. 2 (October 1985): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00000842.

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Economic studies of changes in property rights institutions have been hampered by the use of ideal types. Conceptually we usually identify a small number of discrete property rights regimes, e.g., “open-access,” “common property” and “private property,” and then try to comprehend our data in terms of these categories. But in the so-called real world ideal types are seldom encountered. Instead we usually see complex mixtures of assorted arrangements, all growing or declining or mixing or separating at different rates and in different directions. Models containing nothing but ideal-type concepts are ill-suited to the analysis of such a reality. In this paper I want to examine a case of institutional change where one institutional regime was transformed into another; not by a discrete jump from one system to another, but through a gradual process of institutional adaptation and transition.

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Bedzhanova, T. E. "FEATURES OF THE CRIMINAL LAW OF ENGLAND IN THE 17th-19th CENTURIES." Law Нerald of Dagestan State University 19, no. 3 (2016): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2224-0241-2016-19-3-22-24.

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Calparsoro, E., G. Arana, and J. G. Iñañez. "Pottery from Orduña Village in the 17th–19th centuries: An archaeometrical approach." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 23 (February 2019): 304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2018.10.019.

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Ioganson, L. I. "Seismic Activations in Italy, Greece, and Turkey during the 17th–19th Centuries." Seismic Instruments 58, no. 6 (December 2022): 694–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0747923922060056.

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Sheykhi, Mohammad Taghi, and Muhammad Ridwan. "Pandemics in the past Eight Centuries: A Sociological Appraisal." SIASAT 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/siasat.v6i1.88.

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The present article intends to reflect the appearance of different pandemics in different periods from sociological point of view. Earlier pandemics used to appear without being able to control them; at the historical times without medications, hospitals, motor vehicles, without communications etc. Millions of people died because of spreading unknown diseases such as flu, cholera, black death, plague and the like. Estimates show that the first 15 events killed over 85 million people. Plague in Italy during some years in the 17th century perished many people vs the least of facilities within reach. Similarly, great plague in Spain in mid 17th century took the lives of a large number of people. Great plague of London also in the second half of the 17th century killed more than 100,000 of citizens. Such events not only directly killed older household members, but created bad lives and deprivation for the younger remaining members in such households. Many of such children had to resort to orphanages. Cholera outbreak also appeared in early 19th century in India, Russia and Africa leaving behind a great number of deaths. The flu pandemic at the end of 19th century killed many people. Many countries came to know more on influenza since then. The outbreak of Coronavirus in 2020 is the worst very widespread and global affecting and infecting many people in all corners of the world. Coronavirus pandemic is wide spreading without being prevented. Despite all the existing facilities, it is killing more than the earlier pandemics in terms of time and space. As education and understanding of people are currently higher than before, they highly feel distressed and disordered.

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Rybchynskyi, Oleh, and Kateryna Matiiva. "Oleh Architectural and urban development of the Romny Midtown in 12th – 19th centuries." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 15, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.1131.

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Based on the cartographic sources of the 17th – 19th centuries, the previous researches of historical and scientific literature, the historical development materials of the city of Romny have been analyzed and systematized. Based on the investigated material, the main stages of architectural and urban planning of Romny have been determined.

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Opanasiuk, Oleksandr. "Modernism and Postmodernism: Objectivation of the Content of Phenomena." Часопис Національної музичної академії України ім.П.І.Чайковського, no. 3-4(52-53) (December 14, 2021): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2414-052x.3-4(52-53).2021.251810.

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The phenomena of modernism and postmodernism are studied. Modernism and postmodernism are analyzed in the context of the project Modern, which belongs to European culture and determines its development in the direction of modernization of history. It was found that the dynamics of the Modern project is determined by four phases of development, they largely coincide with the periods of formation of European culture: 14th –16th — the first phase of development of the Modern project (5th – 16th centuries — symbolic period of European culture); 17th – 18th centuries — the second phase of the Modern project (17th – 18th centuries — classical period of European culture); 19th century — the third phase of the Modern project (19th century – romantic period of European culture); late 19th – 21 st centuries — the fourth phase of the Modern project (late 19th – 21 st centuries — intentional period of European culture). This objectifies modernism and postmodernism as phenomena, the content of which is determined by the final phase of the Modern project and the final (intentional) period of European culture. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of interpreting modernism and postmodernism as one phenomenon — modernism-postmodernism. It is stated that postmodernism correctly defines the content of cultural and artistic life of the present, but does not explain the laws of cultural formation, bypasses the future development of culture and art, focuses on its concepts and resorts to semantic transformations of the idea of “afterˮ: afterpostmodernism, after non-classical thinking, theses such as postmodernism after modernism, etc. This explains the limitations and inability of postmodernism to cultural creativity. Comparing the semantic foundations of the theory of modernism and postmodernism with the concept of intentionalism of culture and art opens a new perspective in the analysis and ontology of modern and postmodern intentions and cultural and artistic life in general.

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Engelbrecht, Wilken. "Zwermen mensen en véél water – Tsjechen over het Nederlandse landschap." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 28 (June 26, 2019): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-0716.28.9.

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Swarms of people and lots of water – Czech people on the Dutch landscapeThe paper concerns the image of Dutch scenery in several travel messages of Czech people from the 17th through the 20th centuries. The paper starts with the presentation of two diaries written in the 17th century by the Counts Sternberg and the Protestant Hartmann. One of the first real Czech tourists of the 19th century Josef Štolba is the third author discussed in this study. Then, the paper focuses on the better-known writer Karel Čapek and ends with the discussion of two 20th-century travellers. The paper aims to show which elements are constant in the Czech picture of the Dutch landscape throughout the centuries.

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NAKABAYASHI, Masaki, Kyoji FUKAO, Masanori TAKASHIMA, and Naofumi NAKAMURA. "Property Systems and Economic Growth in Japan, 730–1874." Social Science Japan Journal 23, no. 2 (2020): 147–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/jyaa023.

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Abstract New estimates on the premodern economic growth of Japan, based on more concrete evidence, have been presented. We revise the estimates of Japan’s gross domestic product (GDP) from the mid-eighth century to the mid-19th century and its population in the 12th century and describe the institutional transformations that correspond to the output changes. The revision of output and population results in updated estimates of per capita GDP for the medieval period and extension of the growth estimates in the early modern period to the annual series for 1651–1841. This study employs the techniques of quantitative inference and descriptive interpretation of the estimated performance. The findings show that: (a) Both the GDP and population significantly declined towards the 12th century, stagnated and experienced recovery from the 13th century onwards, and then continued to grow through the 17th century; (b) GDP growth accelerated in the 18th and 19th centuries; and (c) per capita GDP growth began to rise in the 13th century after a sharp decline from the 10th to 12th centuries. It continued to rise through the 16th century but declined again in the mid-17th century and finally rose again from the late 17th century onwards.

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Sanger, Chesley W. "Environmental factors affecting 17th–19th century whaling in the Greenland Sea." Polar Record 27, no. 161 (April 1991): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400012195.

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AbstractCommercial pelagic whaling of the 17th–19th centuries in the Greenland Sea was heavily influenced by environmental factors. Much of the fishery took place along a constantly shifting ice-edge, variations in which stamped a unique character on each season's operation. Environmental conditions required expert interpretation, both to procure paying cargoes of whale oil and bone and to survive hazards posed by sea, wind and ice. Detailed knowledge of currents, temperatures and winds enhanced greatly the chance that a master would have a successful voyage.

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Tychinskykh, Zaytuna A. "Features of Formation of the Tobolsk Bukharians Group in the 16th – 19th Centuries." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, no. 3 (2021): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-3-109-121.

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Purpose. The article considers the process of formation of the Tobolsk Bukharians – one of the groups of immigrants from Central Asia, who lived in the Tobolsk area in the 17th – 19th centuries. Results. The process of formation of a separate group of Bukharians is traced in a historical retrospective over a long period. It is shown that a significant Central Asian component entered the Siberian-Tatar community at an early stage of its formation. The main components were the Central Asian Muslim clergy and military service nobility, who became part of the upper stratum of the Siberian-Tatar community and disappeared into it, further adding to the category of service Tatars. This process was considered based on the example of a representative of the clergy, a native of Urgench, Seyyid Din-Ali Khodja, and the Central Asian people of the Kulmametevs. The initial stage of the process of resettlement and settling of immigrants from Central Asia in the territory around Isker (in the Russian period – Tobolsk) refers at least to the period of the Siberian Khanate. The system of settlement of the Tobolsk Bukharians during the 17th – 19th centuries is considered, data on the dynamics of the group’s size in the period under consideration are presented. It is shown that the Siberian Bukharians, as an ethnosocial group, were formed in the 17th century, and the status of Bukharians in the Moscow period was an ethnosocial one. The main Central Asian territories, from where they arrived in Tobolsk in the 17th century, have been identified. Conclusion. The features of the group of Tobolsk Bukharians have been identified, which include: early penetration into Siberia, joining a significant number of Islamic clergy, including Seyyids, as well as military service nobility during the period of the Siberian Khanate; joint residence of the Tobolsk Bukharians with other groups of the Turkic-Tatar population.

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Zorin, Alexander Vasilievich. "Documents of the 17th-19th centuries from the collection of the Rylsk Museum." Петербургский исторический журнал, no. 1 (2022): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51255/2311-603x_2022_1_127.

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Lyutko, Eugene. "Dukhovnoe — the Spiritual. A History of a Concept in the 17th — 19th Centuries." State Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide 39, no. 4 (2021): 200–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2021-39-4-200-221.

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Tataurov, S. F. "Tobacco and pipes in the city of Tara in the 17th–19th centuries." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 2 (49) (June 5, 2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-49-2-7.

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The research was carried out on the materials of 2009–2019 archeological-historical investigations in one of the first Russian cities in Siberia — Tara, founded in 1594. The aim was to study the process of tobacco distribu-tion in the region and the specific aspects of tobacco smoking in the 17th–19th centuries. The perception of this habit from the local administration and various groups of the population, such as servicemen, Old Believers and other social strata of the city, has been considered. The attitude to tobacco smoking changed over the studied period from the government ban to protection by the highest authorities. The perception within the society also varied, from semi-underground smoking and punishment for this habit to permission and encouragement. In total, during the excavation, 10 pipes for tobacco smoking and 2 mouthpieces were found. Pipes from archeological excavations of Siberian sites of the Sayany ostrog, as well as those from Moscow and Saint-Petersburg, were analyzed. Based on this analysis, the Tara pipes were divided into the following types: locally produced items of the 18th century, «Moscow» pipes of the 18th century, and porcelain pipes of the 19th century. By their design, they split into heads with small cups for finely cut tobacco and pipes with large cups for Russian coarsely cut tobacco. The collection of pipes obtained during archaeological research in the city of Tara overall fits into the general con-cept of the distribution of smoking in Siberia, proposed by A.V. Shapovalov. The mouthpieces are made of wood and bone and fit with dimensions of the pipe heads. Planigraphically, the findings of pipes and mouthpieces in the 17th century are associated to the interhouse spaces, and pipes of the 18th–19th centuries — to the location of drinking houses. This is related to the prohibition of smoking by local administrations before Peter the Great time, and then to the protests of Old Believers against smoking. The issue of the use of drugs during smoking, primarily hashish, a tradition that could come to Siberia from Central Asia, is still to be addressed.

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Pindl, Kathrin. "Grain Policies and Storage in Southern Germany: The Regensburg Hospital (17th-19th Centuries)." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 59, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 415–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2018-0014.

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Abstract This paper is concerned with the storage policy of the citizens’ hospital of Regensburg in the Early Modern period (focus: 18th century). The main purpose consists of (1) a source-based micro-study that helps to derive insights into the mechanisms of how experiences and expectations have influenced decisions by a pre-modern institution, (2) an analytical scheme for describing and evaluating the process of decision-making based on narrative evidence, and (3) the suggestion of analytical categories. These should allow a differentiation between time-invariant human behaviour that determines economic decisions, and time-specific factors which can be used to separate possibly “pre-modern” patterns from seemingly modern-day capitalist economic performance.

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MIRZOEV, A. S. "MILITARY CLASS AND MILITARY ORGANIZATION OF TRADITIONAL CIRCASSIAN SOCIETY (15 – MID 19th CENTURY)." Kavkazologiya, no. 4 (2021): 12–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2021-4-12-32.

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The subject of research in the article is the evolution of the structure, social composition, number, mobilization capabilities, principles of the formation of the military class of Circassia in the period from the 15th to the 60s of the 19th century. The study of these issues contributes to the understanding of the historical-political and socio-economic processes that took place in the Central and North-Western Caucasus during the period from the Late Middle Ages to the New Age. These goals are considered using the principle of historicism, historical-comparative, retrospective, comparative and other methods. The article analyzes the state of sources and historiography, various assessments of researchers on the indicated problem, and expresses its own point of view. The scientific novelty of the proposed article lies in the fact that it defines the main factors that influenced the evolution of the military class of Circassia: the spread in the 17th century. firearms in the form of wick guns and a change in the armament complex during the 18th century, which was the result of the appearance of guns with a rifled barrel and a flint lock. The article deals with the growth of the military class in the 17th century. at the expense of the peasant classes; formation in the 18th century. from the peasant militia, previously used exclusively in the infantry, mounted armless troops; increase in the proportion of the nobility in the structure of the population of the feudal possessions of Circassia. The specifics and differences in the composition of the military class, methods of mobilization, principles of the formation of troops and military organization in the aristocratic and democratic polities of Circassia are noted. On the basis of the analysis of sources, the real and potential military resource of the aristocratic and democratic politicians of Circassia, the demographic potential and their evolution during the period of the 17–19th centuries are determined. In the 15–16th centuries the basis of the armed forces of all the polities of Circassia was a small, professional equestrian army of the nobility. In the period of the 17–19th centuries, the military class of Circassia increased at the expense of various categories of the peasantry. The real military resource of Circassia for the 17th century estimated at 70 thousand people, for the 18 and 19th centuries – about 90 thousand people. The general demographic potential of Circassia in the 18 – mid 19th centuries is estimated at 900 thousand people.

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Sinchuk, I. I. "THE RESULTS OF A STUDY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLASS FROM THE EXCAVATION 1989 IN THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF MOGILEV (optical spectral analysis)." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 29, no. 4 (December 22, 2018): 342–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.04.20.

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180 fragments of glassware from the historical part of Mogilev at the end of the 16th and early 20th centuries were studied. Technological excursus is devoted to raw materials for glass production and introduces glassmaking literature of the 18th — early 20th centuries. The method of semiquantitative optical spectral analysis based on the atlas of spectral lines is used. For the transfer of results, the conventional general technical method is used. A few examples of ash glass date back to the late of the 16th — early 17th century. Most of the samples analyzed from the 17th to the 19th centuries are made of potassium-calcium silicate glass; about 1/3 part of the products, there are manganese impurities, which makes the glass colorless. The result of the work is a catalog of analyzes of an archaeological glass from the Belarusian city of Mogilev, which presented in the appendix.

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Lasa Álvarez, Begoña. "INÉS DE CASTRO EN LA NARRATIVA EUROPEA ENTRE FINALES DEL SIGLO XVII Y PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XIX." Revista Internacional de Culturas y Literaturas, no. 2 (2005): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ricl.2005.i02.05.

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La figura de Inés de Castro y su relación amorosa con don Pedro de Portugal, conocido como Pedro el Cruel, han inspirado a lo largo de los tiempos a numerosos artistas. Buena muestra de ello son los diferentes géneros en los que se ha recreado esta historia, que van desde la poesía, la narrativa o el teatro, hasta la ópera o el ballet. Los acontecimientos históricos que rodean a Inés de Castro son de por si atractivos al entremezclarse el amor con las luchas dinásticas medievales. Sin embargo, los numerosos hechos y personajes que han ido alterándose, e incluso añadiéndose, con el paso del tiempo han convertido a Inés en un personaje de leyenda y hasta en un mito.

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Shirobokov, Ivan G. "Impact of migrations on paleodemographic characteristics of the Russian population, 17th to 19th centuries." Sibirskie istoricheskie issledovaniya, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 157–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/2312461x/30/8.

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Mykola, Udovychеnko. "Ways of shaping the concert repertoire for the viola in the 17th–19th centuries." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 62, no. 62 (September 16, 2022): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-62.01.

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Statement of the problem. In the study, an attempt was made to highlight the process of the viola repertoire shaping, which occurred due to the improvement of the viola as a solo concert instrument. In view of the increasing popularity of the viola in the 20th century and the growth of scholars’ attention to modern viola practice, the previous stages of the development of viola art need new evaluations. Such a review and reassessment turned out to be especially relevant for the national musicology, which has been in informational isolation for a long time; therefore, the involvement of little-known sources determined the expediency and certain scientific novelty of this attempt. The purpose of this work was to analyze the process of shaping the concert repertoire for the viola during the 17th–19th centuries in the context of the viola performance development. As a result, the factors that contributed to a radical change in attitude towards this instrument on the part of composers, performers and listeners during the selected historical period were identified. The main sources for making conclusions were the catalogues by V. Borissovsky, and V. Altmann “Literaturverzeichnis für Bratsche und Viola d’amore” (Altmann, Borissovsky, 1937), the researches by D. Havrylets (2012) where for the first time in Ukrainian musicology the evolution the viola concerto as a genre is covered from the origins to the present; and M. Kugel (2009), where his rich performance experience is summarized. Results and conclusion. Based on the analysis of the sources, systematization and generalization of its results, the path of the viola performance development is traced up to the beginning of the 20th century, from the work of G. Telemann, brothers Antonin and Carel Stamitz, I. Holzbauer, L. Lebrun, E. Eichner, through the creative work of F. A. Hoffmeister (the 18th century), A. Rolla, H. Sitt (the 19th century). It is emphasized that the leading viola players, most of whom were composers, made a decisive contribution to the transformation of the viola from an accompanying instrument into a full-fledged solo instrument. The circumstances of the cultural life of the society, which influenced the change of attitude to the viola, and the following factors of the development of the concert viola repertoire in the 19th century have been marked: the emergence of virtuosos, intensification of touring, music business, development of pedagogy, formation of sustainable performing trends, schools, the tradition of viola playing in the composers environment, etc., which led to the rapid development of the viola repertoire in the 20th century

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Yi, Saangkyun. "Joseon Dynasty’s Recognition and Cartographic Changes of Dokdo between the 17th and 19th Centuries." Journal of the Korean Cartographic Association 19, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.16879/jkca.2019.19.2.001.

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Panina, Nina L. "Illustrations in Children’s Educational Books in Russia in the Late 17th – Early 19th Centuries." Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, no. 23 (2020): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/23/5.

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The aim of this article is to analyse the transition period in the history of illustrating children’s educational books on the material of Russian-language publications. It is the period in which the function of an intermedial representation gradually develops from emblematic to encyclopedic and narrative-figurative images. This process is related to the literary history of children’s books and their genre transformations. In the last third of the 18th century, children’s literature in Russia was formed as an independent direction with its special goals, and the basis for further search for specific methods of children’s book design, including educational ones, was laid. In the first quarter of the 19th century, the children’s book had a typical European visual design and continued the trends inherited from the 18th century: translations, borrowings, and revised texts in publications often copied illustrations rather than made new ones. A new stage came at the end of the 1820s, when Russia was actively developing independent children’s literature, and professional authors and criticism appeared. It was the time of the pedagogical experiments of Vasily Zhukovsky. This article does not claim to analyse Zhukovsky’s pedagogical activity comprehensively, but this activity is significant for the subject-matter of the study. In his pedagogy, Zhukovsky went to a new level when searching for intermedial ways of transmission of the universal coherence of phenomena, the systemic representation of knowledge about the world, and the ideas of the world as a system. The search, though much slower, was also observed in contemporary children’s books. The integration of cognitive and didactic functions in the Russian-language children’s book of the 18th century resulted in a mix of different principles of illustration in one publication. These principles are: (1) emblematic: the title, image, and text form a three-part structure; (2) encyclopedic: the sheet contains separate numbered images of the same type of objects excluded from the visual context; (3) narrative: the plot, expressive and figurative, including caricature, illustrations are readily used in an educational book due to their persuasiveness. Each of these principles has its own ways of displaying coherence. An encyclopedic illustration shows an object in a series of similar ones, in an enumeration, shows the structure of the object. An emblem gives its symbolic and allegorical interpretation. A narrative illustration shows its functions and its involvement in causal relations, depicting the environment of events and objects. The children’s book of the studied period tends to integrate all these ways. While the emblem as an independent intermedial genre degrades, certain elements of the emblematic tradition are actively borrowed by new forms of publications. The emblem gives the European book of modern times the most important intermedial tools for displaying universal coherence, the world as a system. The change of the epochs leads to an inevitable blurring of the meaning of the emblematic sign. The transitive nature of the analysed period is expressed in the search for a new intermedial form of coherence, similar to the lost emblematic bimediality of the text and illustration in terms of effectiveness. In the search for such a form, encyclopedic publications that claimed to be all-encompassing use the emblematic and narrative principles of illustration. In turn, the narrative illustration, driven by a similar desire for inclusiveness, consistency, and universality, absorbs the emblematic and encyclopedic principles.

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BROOKS, Randall C. "Towards the Perfect Screw Thread:the Making of Precision Screws in the 17th–19th Centuries." Transactions of the Newcomen Society 64, no. 1 (January 1992): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tns.1992.006.

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Collier, Simon, and Mark Szuchman. "The Middle Period in Latin America: Values and Attitudes in the 17th-19th Centuries." Hispanic American Historical Review 71, no. 3 (August 1991): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515886.

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Collier, Simon. "The Middle Period in Latin America: Values and Attitudes in the 17th-19th Centuries." Hispanic American Historical Review 71, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-71.3.615.

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Bourdelais, Patrice. "The French population censuses: Purposes and uses during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries." History of the Family 9, no. 1 (January 2004): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hisfam.2001.10.005.

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Mikheeva, Irina V., Natalya V. Pronina, and Anastasia S. Loginova. "Wine monopoly in Russia in the 17th-19th centuries: Fiscal and/or social interests." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 482 (2023): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/28.

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The article considers the wine monopoly in Russia in the 17th-19th centuries. A retrospective analysis of the formation of the “drinking” policy in the Russian state for three centuries is presented. The emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the combination of social and financial interests in the state regulation of the turnover of alcoholic beverages. The research focuses on the legal means of introducing a wine monopoly in Russia. The features of state regulation of alcohol production and turnover are illustrated, depending on whether the government reserved the right to trade in wine and levy fees for alcoholic drinks, that is, introduced a wine monopoly, or transferred this right to private individuals (farming). Attention is drawn to the duality of the objectives of the wine monopoly introduction - to increase the incoming of the treasury (by adding to the tax revenues of trade profits) and to prevent (reduce) alcoholization of the population through the strict regulation of the turnover and improving the quality of alcohol. The theoretical aspects of the wine monopoly content are identified; they are partly related to the terminological confusion existing in the doctrine, when the concepts “wine” and “vodka” monopoly, “monopoly” and “regalia” are incorrectly identified, the concept “farming” (otkup, revenue leasing) is incorrectly interpreted. A conclusion is made about the differentiation of the concepts of regalia and monopoly; about a more logical representation of farming not as a prototype of excise taxes, but as an independent form of fiscal monopoly. In the research, traditional methods of scientific cognition are used. The dialectical method of cognition and the principle of historicism allowed considering the main stages of the wine monopoly's development. The techniques of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction made it possible to conclude that in the historical periods when fiscal interest prevailed over social there was farming trade. When the level of drunkenness became dangerously high, and the state's income from alcoholic beverages decreased, the authorities established a monopoly, primarily on the retail sale of beverages. Special methods - formal-legal and comparative-historical - formed the basis for identifying restrictions imposed by the state within the framework of monopolization of the production and sale of alcoholic beverages. Methods of observing historical continuity in the development of legal institutions, as well as systematic and historical-retrospective approaches used to consider the instruments of legal regulation of the alcohol industry in the Russian Empire from a historical distance allowed a conclusion that, in Russia of the 17th-19th centuries, state fiscal interests prevailed, they determined the main directions of the state alcohol policy.

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Molodin, V. I., Z. V. Marchenko, Y. V. Kuzmin, A. E. Grishin, M. van Strydonck, and L. A. Orlova. "14C Chronology of Burial Grounds of the Andronovo Period (Middle Bronze Age) in Baraba Forest Steppe, Western Siberia." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047391.

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This paper focuses on the chronology of Middle Bronze Age complexes in the Baraba forest steppe (western Siberia). Three sites were radiocarbon dated, Stary Tartas 4, Sopka 2, and Tartas 1. The Late Krotovo culture was dated to the 18–19th centuries BC, the Andronovo complex (Fedorovo stage) to the 15–18th centuries BC, and the Mixed Andronovo complex dated to the 15–17th centuries BC. These values are some 300–500 yr older than previously thought, and the new results are consistent with14C dates of the Andronovo cultural complex in northern Eurasia. Based on these data, the 15th century BC is the upper chronological limit of the Andronovo period.

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Puhmajer, Petar. "Dvorac Nova Kraljevica: prilozi za povijest gradnje i uređenja." Ars Adriatica 8, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.2758.

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The article deals with the history of construction and renovations, as well as the interior design of the Nova Kraljevica castle. Based on archival sources and in-situ findings, the author has defined the architectural history of the castle starting from the construction for the Zrinski family in the 17th century, renovations for army barracks, hospital and monastery in the 18th and 19th centuries, to the present day. Abundant archival documentation helps gain insight into the castle's original 17th century features, and detect changes it underwent in the later period. The article also discusses the original function of individual rooms, and various elements of the interior design, including their original location.

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Journal articles on the topic '17th-19th centurie'

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