Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1724-1804'
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Calori, François. "Le sentiment dans la pensée kantienne." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100112.
Full textFœssel, Michaël. "L' équivoque du monde : l'instance cosmologique dans la philosophie critique de Kant." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUEL423.
Full textThis thesis intends to reveal the emergence , in Kant's philosophy, of a concept of world that is not metaphysical. Starting from the cosmological antinomies, which reveal the world's impossible rationalization, because of its irreducible sensible character, we'll then proceed to the evaluation of this character-an evaluation that has to take into account both the ethical stakes of the world's idea, and the institution of a cosmological view on history and humanity. In the end, we'll try to describe the relation that is established between world and subjectivity, using the concept of membership
Sasseville, Jocelyn. "Définition et rôle du bonheur dans la philosophie pratique d'Emmanuel Kant." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0011/MQ42010.pdf.
Full textLonguenesse, Béatrice. "Le pouvoir de juger : sensibilité et discursivité dans l'Analytique transcendentale de Kant." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010556.
Full textThis book is about the meaning of the forms of judgment as the "leading thread" for the elaboration of the Kantian table of categories. The genesis of the problem of the categories and its solution is followed from the inaugural dissertation in 1770 to the transcendental deduction in 1787. The kantian notion of a logical form of judgment is examined and compared with the definitions of the proposition in the logic text-books of the German schulphilosophie. The reflexive function of the logical forms is emphasized, and it is clarified with the help of the chapter on the amphiboly of concepts of reflection in the critique of pure reason. This reflexive function also brings light to the distinction between judgments of perception and judgments of experience as defined in the prolegomena to any future metaphysics. The doctrine of transcendental imagination and of its synthesis speciosa is then related to the doctrine of the logical forms of judgment. Its leads to a reinterpretation of the transcendental esthetics. It also helps to interpret each of the schema of pure concepts of the understanding, these concepts themselves, and the principles of the possibility of experience which they respectively ground
Hjort, Mette. "Art and morality in Kant's Critique of judgement." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63328.
Full textPeyturaux, Sylvie. "L'interprétation de Dieu comme idéal dans la philosophie de Kant." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040138.
Full textRogozinski, Jacob. "La question de la loi dans la pensée de Kant." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0307.
Full textAfter having examined the interpretations given by hegel and heidegger, we try to describe the genesis of the question of law in kant's work, then its exposition in his practical philosophy, with its equivocities. At last, we consider some marginal parts of his work (historico-political writings, analysis of radical evil and sublime) to try to find a solution to these difficulties
Molina, Ureta Javier Felix. "La idea de sistema en el "Opus Postumum" de M. Kant." Doctoral thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2006. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/1311.
Full textTesis
Pierobon, Frank S. "La fondation architectonique de la métaphysique dans la critique de la raison pure." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213180.
Full textChenet, François-Xavier. "L'Esthétique transcendantale de la "Critique de la Raison pure" de Kant." Université de Provence. Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines (1969-2011), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX10050.
Full textThe transcendental aesthetic of the "critique of pure reason" presents for kantian studies the problem of its role in the doctrinal organisation of the "critique", and in particular the condordance of its teaching with that of the transcendental analytic. Its presents, in addition, despite its reputation for clarity, a number of difficulties of interpretation, and to this day has continued to arouse numerous objections and reservations, notwithstanding its stated intention of being demonstrative. This is shown conspicuously by the vast quantity of explanatory, justificatory and especially polemical literature to which it has given rise. With its dense text, pregnant with considerable philosophical consequences, the aesthetic therefore requires a meticulous line by line analysis which follows the original text as closely as possible. To understand and evaluate this, it has been necessary to assemble not only the rich academic literature devoted to it, but also the plethora of essays which since 1784 have treated it as a privileged, not to say exclusive, subject. In contrast with those interpretations which see in the aesthetic the vestiges of an outdated state in kant's thought, and which are based notably on his return to the propositions of the "dissertation" of 1770, the originality of his doctrine is stressed here, especially that concerning sensibility and phenomena, its plays an irreplaceable part of the "critique", and it is worth underlining in this respect the inability of cosmological dialectic usefully to replace it. Although it can not completely escape criticism, the aesthetic must be firmly defended against the reproach of beeing incompatible, in letter and in spirit, with the analytic
Delisle, Stéphane. "La notion de progrès dans la philosophie de l'histoire de Kant." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0025/MQ26185.pdf.
Full textSoto, Herrera Cristián. "Kant. La imaginación: propuesta para una lectura confusa de la Deducción Trascendental y de otros pasajes de la Crítica de la razón pura." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110275.
Full textLa presente investigación consta de partes bien definidas, todas las cuales en lo principal indagan desde una u otra perspectiva o las condiciones en las que la facultad imaginativa surgió dentro de los planteamientos críticos o la naturaleza y el rol que asumió explícitamente en las arquitecturas cognitivas esbozadas en la obra de 1781. Al ser diversos estos esbozos, y al no ser advertida por Kant esta misma diversidad - que tiene notables implicaciones gnoseológicas dentro de la filosofía trascendental -, nuestro propósito será ofrecer un método de lectura confusa que permita llevar a cabo una lectura un poco más clara - más cercana al texto - que la que puede hacerse del mismo sin tener en cuenta las diferencias que observaremos.
Narváez, González Camila. "Hacia una posible disposición metafísica del hombre ante la experiencia : el nóumeno como condición de posibilidad de toda referencia a objetos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116096.
Full textLa mayoría de las veces que se estudia la Crítica de la Razón Pura, las lecturas entabladas se entrampan en la complejidad de momentos como la “Estética Trascendental” o en la intrincada “Deducción Trascendental de las Categorías”, lo que pareciera dejar de lado la importancia del camino que Kant está tomando a lo largo del desarrollo de tal obra. Por ello mismo, se ha llegado muchas veces a la opinión general de la poca consistencia de la visión que el filósofo de Königsberg tenga acerca de asuntos más bien relativos a la aplicación de su teoría del conocimiento a temas de corte metafísico. Por lo mismo, este trabajo recoge una de las punzantes críticas que se han imputado a la filosofía crítica, por la cual se la culpa de amputar todo ámbito de la experiencia al encerrar sus postulados en meras abstracciones. Esto, con el fin de ampliar el punto de vista respecto al cual se pueda hacer una revisión más aclaratoria de lo que significa el nóumeno, en tanto que fundamento de todo aquello cuanto la razón humana sólo puede pensar, pero no conocer. Es decir, abriremos aquí una noción de nóumeno que nos permita comprenderlo como fuente de referencia sobre la cual se podría inspirar toda inclinación metafísica en el sujeto. Será capital, en este sentido,preguntarse por las condiciones de posibilidad de nuestras inevitables aspiraciones metafísicas, lo cual nos exige, quizás, revisar la Crítica de la Razón Pura de maneras poco usuales y, más bien, lejanas a la tradición.
Silva, Sérgio Gomes e. "As noções de Deus, moral e religião e sua função em a religião nos limites da simples razão de Immanuel Kant." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/8407.
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A dissertação parte da crítica, presente na Crítica da razão pura, à possibilidade da metafísica como ciência. Desta forma, demonstra o questionamento kantiano da concepção de Deus enquanto objeto da teologia racional. A dissertação também problematiza a crítica kantiana à possibilidade da concepção de Deus como objeto metafísico. Além disso, aborda as fronteiras impostas pela crítica à metafísica e, consequentemente, às noções a priori de Deus. Imediatamente chega-se à conclusão de que a noção de Deus encaminha-se para o âmbito prático. No entanto, o problema que o sistema kantiano apresenta é a dedução da lei moral, visto que só a partir dessa dedução é possível identificar a função de Deus na dimensão prática. A dissertação destaca que, na primeira Crítica, a dedução da lei moral é impossível. Por sua vez, na Fundamentação da metafísica dos costumes, essa dedução ainda é metafísica, isto é, a dedução é realizada a partir do conceito negativo de liberdade. Somente na segunda Crítica, por meio do fato da razão, a dedução da lei moral torna-se possível. Estabelecido o âmbito da moralidade, tem-se um terreno apropriado para a religião. Ademais, ressalta-se que Kant pretende analisar Deus e a religião a partir da simples razão. Assim sendo, tanto as noções de Deus como de religião são reinseridos dentro da perspectiva da razão prática pura. A partir desse contexto, depois de ter demonstrado a fragilidade dos argumentos que sustentavam a teologia racional, o filósofo questiona a teologia revelada. Por fim, o filósofo propõe a possibilidade das noções de Deus e de religião sob a perspectiva da teologia moral. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The thesis starts with the criticism present in the Critique of Pure Reason and it goes through the possibility of having metaphysics as a science. Thus, it demonstrates Kantian issues about the conception of God as an object of rational theology. The research also problematizes the Kantian criticism on the possibility of a conception of God as a metaphysical object. In addition, it discusses the boundaries imposed by criticism on metaphysics and, consequently, the a priori notions of God. Immediately, it is possible to conclude that the concept of God heads for the practical scope. However, the problem that the Kantian system presents is the deduction of the moral law, since, only from such deduction, it is possible to identify the role of God in the practical dimension. The thesis emphasizes that in the first Critique, the deduction of the moral law is impossible. On the other hand, in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, this deduction is still metaphysical, in other words, the deduction is made from the negative concept of freedom. Only in the second Critique, through the fact of the reason, the deduction of the moral law becomes possible. Having the morality scope established, there is a place for religion. Furthermore, it highlights that Kant intends to analyze God and religion from simple reason. Therefore, both the notions of God as well as of religion are reintegrated into the perspective of Critique of Practical reason. From this context, having demonstrated the frailty of the arguments that supported the rational theology, the philosopher questions the revealed theology. Finally, the philosopher proposes the possibility of notions of God and religion under the perspective of the moral theology.
Ribeiro, Neto João Costa. "Dignidade humana (Menschenwürde) : evolução histórico-filosófica do conceito e de sua interpretação à luz da jurisprudência do Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemão, do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/12886.
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A dignidade humana (Menschenwürde) é um conceito presente em muitas Constituições mundo afora. Este texto tenta identificar o seu conteúdo e extensão, a fim de determinar uma compreensão coerente deste conceito. Ao mesmo tempo, ajuda a evitar que essa ideia setorne uma reserva de equidade (Billigkeitsreserve), ou seja, um conceito vago utilizado pelos juízes para decidir casos difíceis, no sentido que quiserem, de acordo com seus sentimentos pessoais. O Tribunal Constitucional Federal da Alemanha (Bundesverfassungsgericht) tem sido um dos intérpretes mais importantes do conceito de dignidade humana. Não apenas cauisticamente, mas também conceitualmente. Além disso, há bons motivos para acreditar que as origens históricas e filosóficas da dignidade humana, especialmente as que vêm de Immanuel Kant, são ainda importantes para como os doutrinadores e os juízes compreendem essa noção. Nesse sentido, este trabalho está dividido em, basicamente, cinco partes. Primeiro, tenta-se epitomar as origens histórico-filosóficas da dignidade humana até a época de Kant. Em seguida, mostra-se como a ideia é compreendida por juristas, principalmente da Alemanha. Na terceira parte, uma amostra das decisões do Bundesverfassungsgericht é analisada, a fim de mostrar como o Tribunal alemão moldou a noção de dignidade humana. Nas quarta e quinta partes, faz-se o mesmo com as decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Tribunal Europeu de Direito Humanos, respectivamente. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Human dignity (Menschenwürde) is a concept present in many Constitutions throughout the world. This text tries to grasp its content and extension, in order to determine a coherent understanding of this concept. At the same time, it helps to prevent this idea from becoming a reserve of equity (Billigkeitsreserve), namely, a vague concept used by judges to decide hard cases in any direction they want, according to their personal feelings. The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (Bundesverfassungsgericht) has been one of the most important interpreters of the concept of human dignity, not only in a case-to-case basis, but also conceptually. Furthermore, there are very good grounds to believe that the historical and philosophical origins of the human dignity, especially theones that come from Immanuel Kant, are still important to how law scholars and judges perceive this notion. Accordingly, this work is divided in five main parts. First, it attempts to epitomize the historical-philosophical origins of the human dignity up until the time of Kant. Then, it shows how the idea is understood by legal scholars, mainly from Germany. In the third part, a sample of decisions of the Bundesverfassungsgericht is analyzed, in order to show how the Court has shaped the notion of human dignity. In the fourth and fifth parts, the same is done, respectively, to the decisions from the Brazilian Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal) and the European Court of Human Rights.
Alvarez, Muñoz Teresita. "La Ética del Discurso como reformulación pragmático lingüística de la ética kantianaE." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110378.
Full textBrankel, Jürgen. "Kant et la faculté de juger." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39158082x.
Full textOwona, Kisito. "La question de "l'universel" dans la philosophie du droit de Kant : une interprétation africaine." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL027.
Full textCastaing, José. "De l'unité du système critique : introduction à la problématique de l'histoire et de la politique dans la philosophie kantienne." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010652.
Full textThe present work is intented as the test trial of an hypothesis : the unity, in a practical perspective, underlying the theses in the realm of the critical system, belaboured later by Kant in his "practical" philosophy, i. E. The metaphysic of morals, religion within the limits of simple reason, and the political and historical essays. The study of that labour in itself is the object of another research, as distinct from the present. The latter is essentially limited to the "critical system" in order to display in the first part the elements of the practical problem and to elaborate in the second part on the speculative approach through which Kant means to lay the basis of a theory unveiling nature not only as rational and therefore scientifically knowable, but also as originally keyed up to the intelligible destination of man as a limited and reasonable being. The fundamental question, bearing reference to the one in theology, was for Kant to show how in its rationality the world, or creation, was the element of a possible implementation of the law of reason by way of liberty. The study of the difficulties met with in the critiques endeavours to show that the hypothesis of such a pratical/metaphysical avenue of throught leads to establishing the fundamental unity in the system of the three critiques and perhaps to put forward a few interpretive hypotheses. The present work would also (perhaps mainly) lay claim to being a companionable instrument for the reading of the corpus the difficulties of which it is not my intention either to obfuscate or to resolve. Such difficultires are, without much doubt, irretrievably linked to Kant's purpose in producing a philosophy in which faith, if not theology, would at last find its place in a cogent way thanks to the discovery in man of the being through whom might be enacted the finality of the god believed in by Kant; thanks also to the setting out of the conditions under which it is possible to think of man as in charge of such an enactment, and of nature as place for the same
Keating, Paula School of Philosophy UNSW. "The function of ideas of reason in Kant???s political philosophy." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Philosophy, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31928.
Full textFaggion, Andrea Luisa Bucchile. "O papel do facto da razão na fundamentação da moralidade em Kant." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/282017.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A fim de analisar o papel que o facto da razão desempenha no problema da fundamentação da moralidade em Kant. a dissertação discute a dedução da fórmula do princípio moral na Fundamentação I e n, pois é importante que se saiba o que estaria para ser fundamentado. Segue-se a análise da suposta fundamentação que Kant ofereceria para tal princípio na m seção da mesma obra. Por fim, lidamos diretamente com a exposição da doutrina do facto da razão, na Critica da Razão Prática, examinando se ela pretende ser uma fundamentação do princípio moral, se teria sucesso enquanto tal e se é ou não compatível com a m seção da Fundamentação, bem como com a idéia de uma filosofia crítica
Abstract: In order to analyse the role that the fact of reason has in the problem of Kant's morality statement, this dissertation first addresses the deduction of the formula of the moral principle in Groundwork I and lI, once it is important to know what is to be stated. Secondly, an analysis of the justification that Kant supposedly would offer for such principle in section m of the same work is made. We finally deal directly with the exposition of the doctrine of the fact of reason, in the Critique of Practical Reason, examining whether it intends to be a foundation of the moral principle, whether it would be sucessful as such and whether it is or not compatible to Groundwork III and to the idea of a critical phi1osophy
Mestrado
Mestre em Filosofia
Drivet, Dario. "La fondation de la physiologie dans l'Opus postumum de Kant." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040072.
Full textDumouchel, Daniel. "L'approche kantienne du singulier et le problème du jugement réfléchissant : une étude génétique sur la théorie du jugement esthétique et sur son rôle dans la systématique critique." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040158.
Full textThe object of this study is the development of Kant’s aesthetics and the role they play in the accomplishment of his system of critical philosophy. The first section examines the early development of the aesthetics (1755-1779) with particular regard to the specific philosophical interests influencing each of his pre-critical aesthetic periods: 1 the relation between beauty and finality and their founding in the universe's objective order (1755-1763); 2 the anthropological and ethical founding of aesthetics (1764-1765); 3 the relation between taste and logical common sense (1765-1769) ; 4 the psychological founding of taste in light of Baumgartner’s sensual individuality (1769-1779). Proceeding from this interpretation, the second section attempts a developmental analysis of the critique of judgment. We begin by examining the transcendental founding of the "judgment of taste" as one particular judgment that takes on various forms (taste, natural beauty, the aesthetic idea, the sublime). Further, it becomes apparent that the "critique of taste", developed after 1787, plays a major heuristic role in the accomplishment of the final critique of judgment, and that this original "critique" represents a pivotal juncture around which Kant’s critical thought sought to resolve itself between the years 1787 and 1790
Cormier, Stéphanie. "L'idéal de la raison dans la Critique de la raison pure d'Emmanuel Kant." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44088.
Full textGauthier-Duchesne, Sarah. "Le concept de liberté dans la Critique de la raison pure." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34863.
Full textEkazama, Richard. "La liberté humaine et la dépendance à l'égard de Dieu chez Kant." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT5011.
Full textPrado, Junior Plinio Walder. "De l'art de juger : aspect, affect, écriture." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081469.
Full textThe context of the present work: that of the collapse of the metaphysical, religious, political certainties and the expansion of the + linguistic turn ; of thought (technologies of language included). What is at stake : to rethink again the power of judgment (from now on without guarantee); reelaborate it again as operation at work by and in the language. Hence the present rereading of wittgenstein, and in particular of his last manuscripts (published under the posthumous title : + philosophy of psychology ;), conducted in the light of the kant of critique of judgement. First task : reconsider the linguistic field itself from a dimension which exceeds its semantic and pragmatic articulations (thus contrary to the anglo-american or german present pragmatics of communication), that is : the dimension of +poetical; work of aspect (in the wittgensteinian sense). It will then be shown that wittgensteinian conception of aspect already contains, in nuce, a philosophy of imagination and judgement (this same judgement that kant calls + reflective ;, and which is not unrelated to the eustochia, the analogical genius that the greeks, opposing it to the episteme, posed as essential as well to poetry as to philosophy). An art of judgement thus emerges, which one already finds at work in the everyday practice of speech (conversation, witticism, lovers' language. . . ), but also in the + complex ; linguistic moods where the fate of an art, a literature, a thought is decided. This implies a thought of writing, sketched here, lastly, from three major motifs : that of the art of interpretation (the freudian deutungskunst), that of the art of aesthetic judgement (the kantian urteilskraft); that of the art of presentation or philosophical style (the darstellungskunst, from the kantian schematism to the wittgensteinian analogic and beyond). (translated by cyd rogers. )
Aguirre, Silva Marcos. "Imagen, figura y sentido." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101246.
Full textMaymo, Emirena Giselle Cano. "O círculo de ação em Kant." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/47726.
Full textDissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Defesa: Curitiba, 07/03/2014
Inclui referências : f. 90-92
Resumo: A cisão que perpassa a filosofia kantiana estabelece uma distância das coisas em si das coisas que o sujeito pode vir a conhecer e, sob esse terreno, a arquitetônica se erige. Essa distância se apresenta na forma sempre limitada do conhecimento em relação ao que é, e a questão desenvolvida visa sinalizar como essa diferença interfere na filosofia prática. Nesse sentido, a divisão sobre a qual trabalhamos não é entre a filosofia teórica e a prática, mas uma passagem possível entre elas a partir da separação entre o que é e o conhecido por um sujeito. Segundo Kant a forma em que o sujeito deve chegar às coisas não é como aluno que se deixa instruir, mas como juiz; sendo o trabalho deste forçar a natureza a responder às perguntas da forma em que são colocadas. Desse modo, é trabalhado no âmbito da filosofia teórica o significado da objetividade de um conhecimento mediado por uma ideia reguladora que o sujeito coloca e sob a qual a experiência é organizada, pois desde essa perspectiva pode ser observada uma realidade que depende de uma forma de olhar o mundo. A problemática que se apresenta na filosofia prática por esse viés depreende-se de que a ética kantiana, mesmo sendo formal, se vê afetada por um limite inerente ao nortear uma ação a partir da universalização de uma máxima que se encontra vinculada a uma ideia e, por tanto, a uma forma de organizar a experiência circunscrita a essa ideia. As consequências que se seguem dessa problemática apontada no liame entre o conhecimento, entendido como constituído a partir de uma experiência regulada, e o ser, como o que se encontra em si além do conhecimento, reside em que a ação do sujeito acontece vinculada a sua compreensão do mundo. Por isso a ética kantiana, mesmo sendo formal, pois visa um ideal que funciona como um horizonte heurístico sob o qual o sujeito finito pode regular seu agir, permite descobrir o espaço para um sujeito ainda não reconhecido como tal na distância entre o conhecer e o ser. Dessa forma o sujeito desconhecido, e portanto invisível, pode se materializar em qualquer "outro" hoje visível, sejam as mulheres, os negros ou os não europeus; mas sem deixar de observar que a filosofia kantiana não tem compromisso com valores estabelecidos, e que o conhecimento é o resultado de uma construção que tem o "homem como seu protagonista último e único responsável." (Alves, 2009: 179) De modo que sob a interpretação apresentada, o sujeito kantiano encontra na incognoscibilidade da coisa em si um limite não ultrapassável que o defronta com a condição de enxergar o mundo através de uma ideia reguladora não, necessariamente, determinante, pois o pensamento que se movimenta dentro de uma estrutura que vá desde um ponto de partida até a projeção de um ato pode vir a questionar o próprio ponto de partida, entendido já como uma construção. Assim, sujeitos ontem invisíveis podem hoje ser vistos, porque mesmo que o limite de uma ideia reguladora nunca esteja ausente, esse limite não se apresenta necessariamente como igual a si mesmo. Ou seja, ao sujeito kantiano é aberta uma possibilidade, não a de escolher sobre o que já está dado, mas sim de questioná-lo e escolher o lugar para o qual quer se dirigir por meio do pensamento autônomo e tomando o conhecimento do dado como um ponto do qual começar. Nesse sentido, é plasmado no trabalho o cenário kantiano, no qual o sujeito protagoniza sua relação com o mundo de forma condicionada por uma ideia que regula a experiência e o conhecimento. A finalidade disso é demonstrar que a partir do conceito de autonomia vinculado à liberdade, encontram-se em Kant as ferramentas para questionar a compreensão da realidade organizada por ideias previamente colocadas que regulam a experiência e, com isso, o sujeito pode dar início a uma ação causal incondicionada. De modo que, se o limite da filosofia kantiana encontra-se na filosofia teórica numa ideia entendida como uma ficção que regula a compreensão do mundo e, na prática, como um arquétipo de ação em decorrência dessa compreensão do mundo, ao mesmo tempo são outorgadas ao sujeito a condição e a responsabilidade de ir além desse limite. Palavras-chave: Conhecimento / Autonomia / Liberdade / Kant
Abstract: The scission that permeates the Kantian philosophy establishes a distance between the things themselves and the knowledge about them and, from this point of view, conceptions are built. In general, the knowledge represents a limited portion of the actual thing and this study intents to demonstrate how this difference affects the practical philosophy. To that extent, the segregation we want to show is not between theoretical and practical philosophy, but the transition among them considering that the things themselves and the knowledge about them are different matters. According to Kant, the way to get to the knowledge is not as a student that allows it to be taught, but as a judge; so the individual has to require the answers to the questions which were done. Therefore, the objectivity is worked under the theoretical philosophy and it's based on a concept that a regulatory idea drives the knowledge which is structured by the individual experiences. From different points of view, the reality could have a different meaning, depending on the individual understanding and experiences. Main point presented by practical philosophy come because Kantian ethics, even been quite formal, is affected by an inherent limit that drives an action from the universalization bounded to an pre-existent idea and, therefore, a way of organizing experience limited to that idea. Based on that, and considering that knowledge, built upon previous regulatedexperiences, and the object itself, that goes beyond its established knowledge, it is a result of an individual action guided by its own comprehension of the life. So Kantian ethics, even though formal, because it seeks an ideal that works as an heuristic horizon that allows to a finite subject adjust his actions during his lifetime, permits to find another unknown subject between knowledge and the actual things. Therefore, a subject never consider as it is can be materialized in any "other" visible today, like women, blacks or non-European, but it is important to consider that Kant's philosophy has no commitment to the established values and for that knowledge is the result based on "the human being as the unique and last responsible protagonist." (Alves, 2009: 179). So, under the interpretation presented Kantian's subject is in the unknowability of the thing in itself an unsurpassable limit that confronts him to the condition of seeing the world through a regulative idea, but not necessarily decisive. Because trough the thought that moves itself within a structure that spans a starting point for the projection of an act can come to question the starting point itself, now understood as a framing. In this way, people that were not visible in the past can be seen today, because even if the boundary of a regulative idea is never absent, it does not necessarily mean that it has to be equal to itself. In other words, it is given to the Kantian's subject a possibility, not to change what is already known, but to make new questions and to choose a new path to go through, as they have an autonomous thought taking the previous knowledge as a starting point. In this sense, the work is shaped following the Kantian's scenario, in which the subject carries out its relationship with the world of limited extent by an idea which governs the experience and knowledge. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that the tools to challenge the current understanding of these regulatory ideas of the experience can be found in Kant, from the concept of freedom linked to autonomy and thereby initiate an unconditional causal action. So, considering that the limit of Kantian philosophy in his theoretical philosophy is an idea understood as a fiction that governs the human being knowledge, and in his practical philosophy, as an archetype of action due to this understanding of things, at the same time he granted to the individual the condition and the responsibility to go beyond that limit. Key words: Knowledge /Autonomy /Freedom / Kant
Andrade, Renata Cristina Lopes [UNESP]. "Formação moral e educação: um estudo a partir da filosofia prática de Kant." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104809.
Full textO presente estudo se propõe a explorar e expor a Filosofia Prática de Kant e a sua Doutrina da Educação. Abordaremos o pensamento prático kantiano examinando: i) a sua concepção de moralidade e de educação; ii) a possibilidade, de acordo com o filósofo, da formação moral do educando e do alcance da ética mediante a educação; iii) o exame do ser humano enquanto o ser da liberdade – moral e livre – na filosofia de Kant, ou seja, da educação para o fim ou a destinação da natureza humana. O alcance da ética, isto é, a ação em geral com valor moral, via educação, parece ser possível, segundo Kant, mediante a formação moral do educando, o que envolve a formação do caráter, da pessoa, para a virtude, em valores; o desenvolvimento de um ser humano moral e ético, capaz de mover-se, agir e viver segundo valores e princípios. Desse modo, pretendemos investigar se e compreender como tal concepção de ser humano, de acordo com o pensamento prático kantiano, é possível. Realizaremos uma análise conceitual da filosofia prática kantiana examinando os conceitos e o relacionamento entre eles, fundamentalmente, de moralidade, educação e ética.
This study aims to explore and expose the Practical Philosophy of Kant and his Doctrine of Education. Discuss the practical thinking Kantian, examining: i ) their conception of morality and education , ii) the possibility, according to the philosopher, of the moral education of the student and scope of ethics through education , iii ) the examination of human while the being of the freedom – moral and free - in Kant's philosophy , i.e. , of the education for the purpose or the allocation of human nature . The scope of ethics, that is, the action generally with moral value, through education, seems to be possible, according to Kant, through the moral education of the student, which involves the formation of character, of person, to virtue, in values, the development of a moral and ethical human, able to move, act and live according to values and principles. We intend to investigate whether and to understand how such a conception of human, according to the Kantian practical thinking, it is possible. We will conduct a conceptual analysis of Kantian practical philosophy, examining the concepts and the relationships between them, essentially of: morality, education and ethics.
Coshnear, Richard 1957. "Spontaneity in experience : Kant's theory and Sellars' variation." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65962.
Full textAugusto, Suzete Motta 1948. "Interesse e razão : de Kant a Habermas." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279532.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Não informado
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Filosofia
Lima, Erick Calheiros de. "Moral, direito e passagem entre ser e dever-ser : desdobramentos politicos da filosofia critica." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278936.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Pretende-se mostrar, neste trabalho, como a efetividade da razão pura prática(a moral) , núcleo da filosofia prática kantiana cindida em Ética e Direito, desdobra-se necessariamente como filosofia política. O fio condutor será a investigação do problema da passagem entre ser e dever-ser, entre natureza e liberdade, no afã de mostrar como o direito, enquanto medium jurídico cindido em seus elementos positivo e normativo , representa o ponto de vista exclusivamente humano de um espaço de coabitação e existência entre o ser e o dever-ser: a política. A teoria kantiana do direito constitui-se então como ligação entre a fundamentação da moral e uma "política cognoscível a priori como teoria executiva dos princípios racionais do direito público". Neste itinerário, procurar-se-á realçar, a partir da fundamentação separadado ser e o dever-ser(o Sollen fundado como Pflicht efetiva) e do esforço racional de unificação destas esferas(a discussão acerca do Summum Bonum), o vínculo entre o direito, compreendido dessa forma, e a realidade histórica de sua efetivação e desenvolvimento na sociedade civil
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Doutor em Filosofia
Lima, Ítalo Clay Tavares de. "O conceito de dignidade em Kant." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1098.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.
This dissertation aims to analyze the concept of dignity to the Kantian outline. This text begins with the piquiana anthropological concern in conceiving man his place in the cosmos. When Giovani Pico della Mirandola states that the dignity of man emanates from the possibility that he wants to be what you want, and therefore is worthy of admiration, it makes clear the importance of freedom and autonomy for man. Be angel or beast is a genuinely human choice. Henceforth, in Kant the search for elements underlying the dignity of the human person, has as starting point the education of reason toward dignity as it is through education that comes to human dignity, as the act of educating implies humanize. Thinking about education in Kant is related to human behavior (individual) and the moral actions together, as the purpose of education is to order the man before the law and the right so that you can observe justice. Freedom, autonomy and the will are attributes of a properly educated man and knowledgeable of their rights. In addition, the dissertation presents some relations with rousseauian thought in referring to the concept of freedom and human nature. For Kant, the goodness or badness are not aspects determined by the nature. Already Rousseau thinks the act of teaching can be found in the primitive state. Such divergences are widely placed, discussed and analyzed. Clarification (Aufklärung), a leading Kantian concepts, is a turning point for the educational aspect of man as it is in the act to clarify that man happens to make public use of reason. Once cleared, the man begins to exercise his rational nature in order to dignity. There is no doubt that the Kantian thought in general is timeless. Kant became one divider of waters of modernity with an influence on your unquestionable contemporaneity. So what can be concluded on a preliminary basis is the power that education plays in the intellectual and physical training in man. The awareness of merit refers to the fact of being properly educated.
Pérez, García Róger Antonio. "Arte y desinterés en la "Analítica de lo sublime" de Kant : una revisión del fundamento moral de la estética kantiana." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6791.
Full textTesis
Weil, Parodi María Weronika. "¿Cómo es Posible la Belleza? Kant, la Nueva Manera de Pensar en la Estética." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/109008.
Full textCaetano, Ernesto José Martins. "A filosofia da religião de Kant e aspectos de sua influência no debate contemporâneo sobre o Pluralismo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.02.D.18276.
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Esta dissertação tem como tema a filosofia da religião de Kant e aspectos de sua influência no debate contemporâneo sobre o pluralismo. No primeiro capítulo mostraremos como, no pensamento moral de Kant, emerge o conceito de religião da razão. Constataremos que o conceito de religião da razão promana da moral. Por isso, a religião que daí emerge é religião natural e não revelada. No segundo capítulo mostraremos que o conceito de religião da razão será o intérprete de todas as religiões positivas. A religião positiva é representação simbólica da religião da razão. Enquanto representação simbólica ela não é ainda religião da razão. A religião positiva tem a função de promover a moralidade. Enquanto realiza a sua tarefa ela deve ceder lugar para a única religião da razão. Nessa interação a religião da razão tem a primazia e a religião positiva é submetida pelo critério moral que promana do conceito racional de religião. No último capítulo mostraremos que grande parte filosofia da religião posterior a Kant e desde Schleiermacher, chegando à filosofia da religião contemporânea, passou a adotar outro viés de interpretação da religião positiva. Embora o viés tenha sofrido uma alteração no foco, Kant continua a exercer influência na filosofia contemporânea, principalmente na atual hipótese do pluralismo religioso de John Hick.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether Kant's Philosophy of Religion would influence on contemporary debate of Pluralism. The first chapter shows how, in the moral thinking of Kant, emerges the concept of the Religion of Reason. We can see that Kant’s concept of rational religion comes from morality. Therefore, the religion that emerges is natural religion and not revealed. The second chapter shows that the concept of religion of reason will be the interpreter of all positive religions. Positive religion works as a kind of symbolic representation, and as far as it is concerned, it is not yet the Religion of Reason. Positive Religion’s role is to promote morality. To perform its task, it must give way to the only religion of reason. In this interaction the Religion of Reason comes first and the Positive Religion is submitted by the moral criterion that comes from the rational concept of religion. The last chapter will show that the majority of philosophical thought about religion after Kant and since Schleiermacher, till the contemporary philosophy of religion, starts to adopt another perspective of interpretation of positive religion. Although this perspective has changed in focus, Kant continues to exercise influence in contemporary philosophy, especially in the current hypothesis of religious pluralism of John Hick.
Vidal, Las Heras Manuel. "Kant y el simbolismo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/109939.
Full textTechio, Jônadas. "Aquém dos limites do sentido : um estudo acerca do papel da afecção na explicação Kantiana da experiência." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/77867.
Full textThe present study aims to offer a clarification of Kant’s transcendental idealism, fo- cusing the analysis on a specific and recurrent problem of his interpretation: the so called “problem of affection” (understood here as the difficulty of making compatible (i) the thesis of the incognoscibility of the things in themselves, and (ii) the thesis that things existing independently of us affect us). The relevance of the analysis of this problem, in order to understand Kant’s position, lays in the connection between the two litigious theses which constitute it and two general and absolutely fundamental aspects of the transcendental idealism, viz., respectively, the idealist and the realist ones. Attending to this connection may also help to explain why misunderstandings concerning the ma- crostructure of Kant’s position (i.e., concerning its “realist” and/or “idealist” character) could have been responsible for mistaken interpretations of the role of the two theses which constitute the problem of affection — and this both from the side of his critics and of his presumptive “defenders”, as I shall show through the analysis of some exemplary cases. The conviction which moves the present study is that, to prevent such misunders- tandings, a reflective effort must be done in order to understand the peculiar nature of Kant’s argumentative procedure, which does without and even opposes any intuitive mo- del which we can have concerning the relations between “subject” and “object”, “mind” and “world”, demanding, therefore, for its better comprehension, that we proceed to a complete inversion of the “picture” which guides our speculations about these relations — as it is required by the author of the Critique himself, when presenting his proposal of a “Copernican revolution”. The main result is that the “problem of affection” only constitutes a legitimate “problem” if we assume a specific understanding of the macros- tructure of transcendental idealism, and, consequently, it dissolves when we replace that understanding by an alternative one based on a newmodel of explanation of the human cognition, in which the subject assumes a central role, without damaging the realist point expressed by the affection thesis. What I shall defend is that this “realism” is not in fact a philosophical position: it is not a result of any argument — as, per contra, it is Kant’s “empirical realism” — neither it is assumed dogmatically at the starting point of the analysis — as a “transcendental realist” would do, guided by a model of the cognition which Kant wants to replace. What it is intended by Kant, in the philosophical level of the analysis of cognition, when affirming the necessity of affection, is simply what we would call the “ordinary”, “pre-reflexive”, realist attitude, which we all share and which can be linguistically expressed by the dictum: “to experiment is not to invent”. When addressing this attitude, Kant takes a step in his analysis which is not capable of justification — at least in the sense of having to receive a “proof” — but which we are equally not capable of doubting — given that the question itself, which should express that doubt, requires that one speaks about that which is prior to the bounds of the sense, and, therefore, cannot be formulated (with sense).
Boutot, Laurent. "Idéal et normativité dans la philosophie de Kant." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Boutot-Laurent/2009-Boutot-Laurent-These.pdf.
Full textThis study examines the role and the meaning of the concept of the « highest Good » in Kant's practical philosophy. It tries to give a justification for Kant's claim that the highest Good is the necessary and a priori object of pure practical reason, and to give an account for this teleological moment revealed into the « Dialectic of pure practical reason » even though the normative theory founded by the « Analytic » seems to make such a moment useless. At first, the highest Good appears as a necessary object because it refers to the ineluctable and natural striving of reason for the unconditioned. Then, the practical necessity of the highest Good is connected to the fact that this concept, which doesn't belong to the fundamental concepts of ethics, belongs nonetheless to the fundamental concepts of ethic's application to the situation of a finite moral volition. The aspiration to the highest Good is finally related to the moral requirement inherent to practical reason to have an application in the world of nature. For such application is a necessary and a priori duty, the practical task ordering to promote the highest Good inherits of this moral necessity
Hadji, Salah. "Le symbolisme dans le kantisme." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120043.
Full textMy dissertation deals with "Symbolism in Kantism". My argument is that there is, in Kant's Philosophy, a problematic of "distinction" and "agreement". This problematic presents a double schematism. The gist of Kant's Philosophy seems to rest on the Symbolic register. The elements of Architectonic, -Sensivity, Understanding, Imagination and Reason, each in its own order, communicates in order to provide us with in a new "object", which is existence in all its affects. The Analysis is about how the symbol takes on the meaning of reason's schematism and becomes the mode of expression of the absolute
Langlois, Luc. "Kant et le problème de l'histoire." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040100.
Full textIn the first and second chapter of this work, we try to identify the position of the Kantian philosophy of history in the whole of the critical system. Despite the casual style of Kant’s essays on history, it appears that they play an important role in the resolution of the systematic problem of his philosophy. History is closely linked to the question of a possible articulation between the ultimate end of nature and the practical end of reason. "Is a moral transformation of human freedom possible?" is the question Kant asks in his essays. In the second part (chapt. 3 and 4), we analyze the different factors that influence the progress of human freedom towards its final destination, in taking into account, however, the limits of man's own capacity to integrate his moral end. Ch. 5 is an analysis of the debate between Kant and Herder. Ch. 6 is a short study of the signification of the French revolution in Kant’s philosophy of history
Barthelmé, Bruno. "L'idée régulatrice dans le kantisme." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA01A004.
Full textFor the most part our subject concerns a few pages from "critique of pure reason" in the "appendix to the transcendantal analytics" where the notion of the regulating idea is developped. First we tried to show that this appendix is the answer to a question already put in the transcendantal analytics but which was up now a question without answer. How is experience materialy possible ? The elucidation of the conditions of the possible knowledge suppose consequently to take into account the idea and therefore criticism, by melting science with the thinking reason, leads to the definite refusal of scientism and to the proclamation that science is not self-foundation. We tried afterwards to clear up the exact status of the regulating idea. A language analysis of the "as if" points out the fact that it is the setting of a strategy of illusion - judged necessary by kant- which the "focus imaginarius" is a clear example. It was then necessary for us to consider that the regulating idea proceeds from imagination andto admit that kant considered reason as power of imagination. With the regulating idea comes up the idea of another metaphysics of "limits" letting reason accomplish itself in its "need" to go beyond experience by taking this high ridge path of knowledge that leads to a "middle-place", a journey in "utopia". What about then the future of the rrgulating idea beyond the critique of pure reason - does it disappear by the arrival of the notion of the "reflecting judgment" - as well as beyond the kantian criticism ? Beyond the hegelian critique of kantianism, cassier's neo-kantism seems to matre the most of the different meanings of the "regulating idea"
Wetzel, Henri. "Réflexion critique et connaissance de soi : commentaire sur le criticisme kantien." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010565.
Full textMavouangui, David. "La philosophie de Kant et l'éducation." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010518.
Full textThe access to liberty, to moral education (which is the basic task of human education) goes through the recognition of the noumenon ego and the combination of the intelligible and the sensitive world. But though this task is commanded by axiological requirements, it meets the complex natural duality which is found in the human being, finite thinking being who cannot adequately fulfil his intended purpose (slave either of his sensitiveness or of his will) and then reasonable being capable of "good sense", humanity, a supramundane being who is fully involved in the establishment of the ethical city and the intelligible good. The kantian idea of education evolves from this aporetic duality in search of unity and is essentially based upon the critical study of the teleology of the nature on one side and the moral teleology on the other, the principles of political philosophy and that of history, law, religion and culture
Vargas, Carlier Nicolás. "Un análisis crítico del imperativo categórico kantiano." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/109035.
Full textEl escrito a continuación, tiene como principal objetivo revisar críticamente la formulación del imperativo categórico kantiano, en vistas de desestimar la generalizada –y parcial- comprensión de éste. En la primera parte, se analizan las críticas más recurrentes (universalidad, rol de cirterio moral y rigorismo), además de una revisión general a los comentarios de H. J. Paton, A. R. C. Duncan y Thomas W. Pogge. En la segunda parte del escrito, se analizan las dificultades planteadas por Paul Ricoeur (apelando a una hermenéutica derivada de los postulados freudianos) y de Hegel. El análisis, entregará evidencias suficientes para desarrollar una una interpretación contamporánea a los postualdos kantianos, en vistas de asumir las críticas y los comentarios anteriormente revisados. El trabajo finaliza con una propuesta concreta que, a mi juicio, asume tanto las críticas como los puntos fundamentales de la formulación del i.c. kantiano.
Roullé, Antoine. "La conversion pratique de la métaphysique dans l'oeuvre de Kant." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT3013.
Full textGrapotte, Sophie. "La conception kantienne de la réalité." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOL012.
Full textBélanger, Annick. "Le problème de la liberté dans la première critique de Kant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26349/26349.pdf.
Full textPaes, Marco de Souza. "Liberdade e natureza: o problema da causalidade nas críticas de Kant e sua influência na geografia alemã neokantiana." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1442.
Full textEsta dissertação de mestrado tem como Leitmotiv (motivo principal) a análise do problema da causalidade em Kant e a interpretação desta pelos neokantianos na formulação da causalidade das ciências naturais e da causalidade das ciências do espírito. A relevância desta pesquisa reside no enraizamento da concepção de causalidade nas tradições da geografia moderna, na polêmica trazida pelos neokantianos ao separarem causalidade em geografia humana de causalidade em geografia física e no fato de que, nos movimentos de retorno à obra de Kant, a causalidade foi preterida diante de temas como espaço e physische Geographie. A hipótese desta pesquisa é que a causalidade torna-se um problema na obra crítica de Kant ao articularmos os domínios de Liberdade e Natureza. Assim, apresentaremos os preceitos filosóficos kantianos, um panorama da História Natural e a temática da causalidade nas suas obras críticas, apontando a influência do seu pensamento na estruturação da geografia alemã neokantiana
This masters degree essay has as Leitmotiv (main reason) the analysis of the problem of causality in Kant and the interpretation of this one by the Neo-Kantians in formulation of causality of natural sciences and of the causality of science of spirit. The relevance of this research is the rooting of the conception of causality in the traditions of modern geography, the controversy brought by Neo-Kantians at the separate causality in human geography of causality in the physiographic and the fact that, in the movements of return to Kants work, the causality was deprecated before subjects as space and e physische Geographie. This researchs hypothesis is that the causality becomes a problem in the critical work of Kant to articulate the areas of Freedom and Nature. Therefore, it will present the Kantians philosophical precepts, an overview of Natural History and the thematic of the causality in his critical works, pointing the influence of his thinking in structuring the Neo-Kantian German geography.