Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1724-1804 Kritik der reinen Vernunft'
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Chenet, François-Xavier. "L'Esthétique transcendantale de la "Critique de la Raison pure" de Kant." Université de Provence. Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines (1969-2011), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX10050.
Full textThe transcendental aesthetic of the "critique of pure reason" presents for kantian studies the problem of its role in the doctrinal organisation of the "critique", and in particular the condordance of its teaching with that of the transcendental analytic. Its presents, in addition, despite its reputation for clarity, a number of difficulties of interpretation, and to this day has continued to arouse numerous objections and reservations, notwithstanding its stated intention of being demonstrative. This is shown conspicuously by the vast quantity of explanatory, justificatory and especially polemical literature to which it has given rise. With its dense text, pregnant with considerable philosophical consequences, the aesthetic therefore requires a meticulous line by line analysis which follows the original text as closely as possible. To understand and evaluate this, it has been necessary to assemble not only the rich academic literature devoted to it, but also the plethora of essays which since 1784 have treated it as a privileged, not to say exclusive, subject. In contrast with those interpretations which see in the aesthetic the vestiges of an outdated state in kant's thought, and which are based notably on his return to the propositions of the "dissertation" of 1770, the originality of his doctrine is stressed here, especially that concerning sensibility and phenomena, its plays an irreplaceable part of the "critique", and it is worth underlining in this respect the inability of cosmological dialectic usefully to replace it. Although it can not completely escape criticism, the aesthetic must be firmly defended against the reproach of beeing incompatible, in letter and in spirit, with the analytic
Longuenesse, Béatrice. "Le pouvoir de juger : sensibilité et discursivité dans l'Analytique transcendentale de Kant." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010556.
Full textThis book is about the meaning of the forms of judgment as the "leading thread" for the elaboration of the Kantian table of categories. The genesis of the problem of the categories and its solution is followed from the inaugural dissertation in 1770 to the transcendental deduction in 1787. The kantian notion of a logical form of judgment is examined and compared with the definitions of the proposition in the logic text-books of the German schulphilosophie. The reflexive function of the logical forms is emphasized, and it is clarified with the help of the chapter on the amphiboly of concepts of reflection in the critique of pure reason. This reflexive function also brings light to the distinction between judgments of perception and judgments of experience as defined in the prolegomena to any future metaphysics. The doctrine of transcendental imagination and of its synthesis speciosa is then related to the doctrine of the logical forms of judgment. Its leads to a reinterpretation of the transcendental esthetics. It also helps to interpret each of the schema of pure concepts of the understanding, these concepts themselves, and the principles of the possibility of experience which they respectively ground
Gauthier-Duchesne, Sarah. "Le concept de liberté dans la Critique de la raison pure." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34863.
Full textPierobon, Frank S. "La fondation architectonique de la métaphysique dans la critique de la raison pure." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213180.
Full textBélanger, Annick. "Le problème de la liberté dans la première critique de Kant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26349/26349.pdf.
Full textCormier, Stéphanie. "L'idéal de la raison dans la Critique de la raison pure d'Emmanuel Kant." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44088.
Full textFagherazzi, Onorato Jonas. "A questão da possibilidade da liberdade na Crítica da Razão Pura : uma interpretação de B 560 e B 586." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5799.
Full textArmaner, Mehmet Türker. "Le concept de "l'Etat politique" chez Fichte." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.bibliotheque-numerique-paris8.fr/fre/ref/167936/180246313/.
Full textThis dissertation attempts to analyse the concept of " State " in Fichte's system by considering the continuity between the "ontological" and "political" realms. The present work claims that, the "fichtean State", which lies in both domains, is a contradictory entity; that is, it contains two terms, freedom and necessity, by not providing a coherent justification. According to the analysis of the dissertation, the second fundamental principle in the Science of Knowledge (Wissenschaftslehre), "I posits Not-I", is the ontological ground of State in Fichte's philosophy. This assertion refers to the concept of "causality", for it is used interchangeably with the activity of "positing" in Fichte's texts. Following Fichte's argumentation, it is demonstrated that the construction of the "State", in this system, is the construction of "I-hood": the conjunction of individual and sovereign, thesis and antithesis. Hence, in this dissertation, it is asserted that the system of Fichte, because of its circular structure and indefinite ground, is an incomplete paradigm
Puech, Michel. "Kant et la causalité : Etude sur la formation du système critique." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL100.
Full textThe interpretation of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (1st ed. , 1781) follows here a study of texts published before by kant, and of the numerous unpublished papers we have (Nachlass). These kantian texts require for interpretation a general view of the history of wolffian and "post-wolffian" philosophy, which means as well a relation to the appearing of physical science during the XVIIth and XVIIIth century. The formation and development of the problem of causation in the XVIIIth century is the main stream of this story : formation of the problem of causation (physical and metaphysical), first idea of transcendantal philosophy as a solution to it, building process of the critique
Benoist, Jocelyn. "Le sujet de la critique : la critique de la raison pure et le problème de la subjectivation." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100030.
Full textThrough a continuous discussion with the heideggerian interpretation of Kant, the author attempts a phenomenological reading of the critique of pure reason, following the thread of the relation to object. He raises the problem of the status of subject can't be equivalent to Heidegger’s dasein. He shows how, below synthesis and ipseity, the subject is determined as thesis in the mere passivity of affection. It is essentially a reflection pertaining to transcendental aesthetics
Falkenbach, Tiago Fonseca. "A não espacialidade das coisas em si mesmas à luz da interpretação de Henry Allison." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5022.
Full textPaccioni, Jean-Paul. "La présentation du transcendantal." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10054.
Full textIt is by formulating as a problem the concept of intuitive representation that kant reassesses wolff's ontology and reinvents the notion of the transcendantal. But the problem is never set out in a directly thematic manner in his critical writings. As a result of this paradox, the representation problem has to be studied in the critique of pure reason if one is to understand correctly its position and meaning in the wider context of kantian thought. Having examined the place of ontology and intuitive knowledge in the works of wolff and baumgarten, we are able to look at the way in which the pre-critical work is determined by this context and seeks to resolve the aporias which it generates. This enables us to study the critique of pure reason and to understand the originality of the approach it takes. The fundamental issue for study now becomes the way in which the work achieves a systematic unity of its own and supports it through argument
Fonseca, Renato Duarte. "O território do conceito : lógica e estrutura conceitual na filosofia crítica de Kant." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28201.
Full textKant‟s conception of logic is marked by the distinction between two levels of reflection: general logic concerns the rules governing thought as such, in abstraction of the origin and content of our concepts and judgments, and attaining exclusively to the forms of their reciprocal relations; transcendental logic, in its turn, concerns the conditions under which it could be possible a cognition of objects independently of experience. Neverthe-less, in spite of their different scopes, the principles of general and transcendental logic must obviously be mutually compatible. The present thesis starts from this truism and sets to enquire what conception of the structure of conceptual representation is capable of satisfying it. In other words, it intends to elucidate what sort of characterization of those dimensions proper to any concept – its extension and its content – could fit a co-herent image of Kant‟s project, comprehending his construal of the logical form of judgment as well as his account of the possibility of synthetic a priori judgments. The first chapter examines Kant‟s view of the logical functions of judgment as functions of extensional subordination of concepts and, on that basis, reconstructs the transcendental question of the possibility of synthetic a priori judgments in the following terms: how is it possible to justify the necessary subordination of one concept‟s extension to anoth-er‟s, when the later concept is not among the marks which comprise the content of the former? Aiming at a clarification of this problem and its purported solution, the second chapter consists of a critical analysis of different interpretative models of Kant‟s con-ception of conceptual extension: the ontic model, according to which the extension of a concept is the set of its actual instances; the notional model, according to which the extension of a concept amounts to the complex of its inferior concepts, i. e. those logi-cally subordinated to it; the hybrid model, which interprets conceptual extension as an amalgam of the two dimensions previously circumscribed, or else ascribes to Kant two distinct conceptions of conceptual extension, each corresponding to one of those dimen-sions. These three interpretative models are rejected in the light of the theoretical com-mitments of general and transcendental logic, especially considering the underlying condition of their mutual consistency. The third chapter articulates an alternative model of conceptual extension that meets this condition, according to which the extension of a concept is its field of possible application. Taking account of the critical distinction be-tween logical and real possibility, and exploring some metaphors found in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of the Power of Judgment, the thesis elaborates this model and shows its consequences to the understanding to Kant‟s conception of concep-tual content, particularly in relation to the doctrine of schematism.
Teles, Alexandre. "O sistema de filosofia transcendental de Schopenhauer : uma interpretação e defesa." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26470.
Full textIn this work is presented and defended the thesis according to which Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophical project should be understood as aiming at putting forward a system of transcendental philosophy. That system comprises a theory of experience coordinated to a general theory of cognitive faculties and to a “first principle” which we present and discuss. So understood, Schopenhauer’s philosophy exhibits a peculiar relationship of continuity with Kant’s transcendental philosophy: it inherits and reformulates Karl Leonhard Reinhold’s project as it was conceived in response to the skeptics Salomon Maimon and Gottlob Ernst Schulze, building a system of transcendental philosophy which encompasses the foundationalist ambitions of Reinhold’s project and the criticisms which that project had received, as much as some criticisms which was addressed at Kant’s theory of experience itself in the context of reception of the Critique of Pure Reason.
Godoy, Evandro C. "O juízo como subordinação intensional e a Analítica Transcendental da Crítica da Razão Pura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96150.
Full textInterpretations with different nuances have been offered for the conception of judgment set out in the Critique of Pure Reason, but, roughly speaking, one can classify them under two broad lines, named, analytic interpretation and interpretation from Port-Royal. However, both lines identify itself under the thesis that in judgments are also subordinate singular representations. This conception, designated here extensional interpretation of judgment, commonly leads to an uncharitable reading of the work. The objective of this text is to propose and outline the defense of another conception of judgment, guided by the following theses: i) intuitions and concepts do not relate in or by means of judgment, ii) the extensional relation is not sufficient to determine which concept is higher or lower (genus or species) and iii) the relation which establishes the intensional series of concept is that one which determines the higher/lower hierarchy and that is the relationship of more cognitive relevance. Contrasting to extensional conception, the proposal advocated here is named of intensional interpretation and demands to take the distinction between intuitions and concepts until its ultimate consequences. The explanatory power and accordance with text of this approach of judgment shows itself by reconciling different parts of the Transcendental Analytic, even those that secondary literature tends to dismiss or assign little significance. In the development of this compatibility, after the presentation and defense of intensional conception of judgment, the text addresses sequentially the Metaphysical Deduction, the Transcendental Deduction, the Schematism and the Principles, seeking to emphasize the linkage and interconnection of these parts, which is modeled on mediation of imagination in the relationship between the products of understanding and sensibility. Therefore, although starting from the conception of judgment, the purpose of the text is to seek a reading of Kant's greatest work that prioritizes consistency. Presenting the compatibility of conception of judgment with the most relevant parts of Analytic – mainly for the concern of the possibility of synthetic a priori judgments – is a considerable achievement, but this study represents steps that, although fundamentals, are just initials to the understanding of transcendental idealism.
Bertrand, Olivier. "La raison pratique chez Paul Ricœur : entre Kant et Hegel." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0018.
Full textThe thesis studies the moral foundation of political justice, and more particularly the opposition between universalism and contextualism. Are opposed a legal (deontological) approach conceiving the individual as a bearer of rights independently of his living environment, and a more historical (teleological) approach wich looks at the development of human communities to understand each one's moral claims and projects. After having analysed the underlying conceptual background of this opposition through the thoughts of Kant and Hegel, the thought of Paul Ricœur is studied as an attempt to interweave both moral perspectives. Ricœur, on the basis a subject that is shown to be broken but yet capable, develops a concept of practical reason wich includes both a moral and a political perspective. The interweaving of Kantian and Hegelian claims is then made possible on the basis of the "two-sided concepts" of autonomy and historical conscience
Peeters, Marc. "Discrépance et simulacre: la métaphysique de Kant dans la Critique de la raison pure et les systèmes logiques de Stanislaw Lesniewski (ontologie et méréologie)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212001.
Full textSaltiél, Eduardo Ruttke von. "Ente necessário e razão : estudo sobre a noção de Deus em dois textos "pré-críticos" e na Crítica da razão pura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158351.
Full textIn the present thesis, we study the development of the notion of God in the work of Immanuel Kant. Accordingly, we offer an analysis of three texts published by the philosopher. In our first chapter, we turn our attention to a work appeared in 1755, his habilitation thesis Nova Dilucidatio. We examine here how Kant treated the principles of contradiction and sufficient reason, and how he presented a new proof for the demonstration of the existence of God in the context of the discussion of these principles. We examine also how the metaphysical principles of Succession and Coexistence, presented in Nova Dilucidatio, relate to the proof of God’s existence, just like to the principles of contradiction and sufficient reason. In our second chapter, we examine the text The Only Possible Argument for a Demonstration of the Existence of God, from 1762. Firstly, we analyze the a priori proof here offered by Kant and we examine what notion of God results from such argumentation. Secondly, we present the a posteriori argumentation offered by The Only Possible Argument to support God’s existence. Our aim is to show how such pre-critical discourse articulated metaphysics and scientific investigation. In our third chapter, we analyze how the discussion about the existence of God takes place in passages from the Critique of Pure Reason, from 1781. Accordingly, we analyze Kant’s criticisms of the cosmological argumentation, and we dedicate close attention to the section “On the transcendental ideal”; here, Kant retakes the discussion of his pre-critical a priori proof. We offer, throughout this analysis, interpretative hypothesis about the reasons of the philosopher’s change of mind in relation to the existence of God, and we argue that they are better understood if we consider the Fourth Antinomy of the Critique of Pure Reason as well.
Togni, Magda Madguna. "Sobre a função da exposição transcendental do conceito de espaço na estética transcendental." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96203.
Full textSoto, Herrera Cristián. "Kant. La imaginación: propuesta para una lectura confusa de la Deducción Trascendental y de otros pasajes de la Crítica de la razón pura." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/110275.
Full textLa presente investigación consta de partes bien definidas, todas las cuales en lo principal indagan desde una u otra perspectiva o las condiciones en las que la facultad imaginativa surgió dentro de los planteamientos críticos o la naturaleza y el rol que asumió explícitamente en las arquitecturas cognitivas esbozadas en la obra de 1781. Al ser diversos estos esbozos, y al no ser advertida por Kant esta misma diversidad - que tiene notables implicaciones gnoseológicas dentro de la filosofía trascendental -, nuestro propósito será ofrecer un método de lectura confusa que permita llevar a cabo una lectura un poco más clara - más cercana al texto - que la que puede hacerse del mismo sin tener en cuenta las diferencias que observaremos.
Riveros, Palavecino Carlos. "La relevancia de las instituciones puras en la articulación de los juicios sintéticos a priori en la Crítica de la razón pura de Kant." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/109934.
Full textSasseville, Jocelyn. "Définition et rôle du bonheur dans la philosophie pratique d'Emmanuel Kant." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0011/MQ42010.pdf.
Full textZupančič, Alenka. "L'être et le réel : Kant, Lacan." Paris 8, 1997. https://octaviana.fr/document/18140480X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the subject of ethics from the perspective of the encounter between psychoanalysis and philosophy. The general framework of the dissertation is based on the theory of jacques lacan. Within this framework, two basic references are at the forefront: on the one hand the practical philosophy of immanuel kant and on the other hand lacan's discussion of ethics in relation to tragedy. Through the study of these two central references, the dissertation sets out to establish the conceptual framework of an "ethics of the real" in the lacanian sense of the word. With regard to the junctions of kantian and lacanian thought, the following issues are dealt with: the surplus of the form, introduced by ethics in its difference from the legal, the concept of freedom and of the subject of freedom, the kantian theory of transcendental ideas and postulates, the topic of "radical evil" and the question of the relationship between the moral law and the superego. The dissertation continues with a questioning of the role that tragedy plays in the lacanian theory of ethics. Here, the discussion focuses upon two tragic heroes: oedipus and sygne de coufontaine, the heroine of the play otage by paul claudel. This analysis of tragedy endeavors to throw some light on the question of the relationship between knowledge and ethics, between knowledge and subjectivization, between desire and drive, between the subject and the law, between the law and the act
Chagas, Flávia Carvalho. "O caminho crítico da Grundlegung à Crítica da Razão Prática." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18452.
Full textThis work aims at investigating how Kant solves a fundament problem of a universally valid moral principle based on the hypothesis that the human reasoning being has the awareness of it in a necessary or at priori. For that, it is necessary, in a first instance, to make clear that this thesis is better supported if another type of reading is done-not so common-of the texts in which Kant approaches this problem, to know, the KpV and the GMS. With this change in the reading strategy, in which consists to start from the KpV exposed thesis of the practical reality and necessity of the moral awareness for the GMS Section III of the thematization, the objective of the first chapter consists in showing how Kant is able to assure a possible and coherent systematic place for the transcendental liberty concept. Based on the theoretical possibility exposition of the transcendental liberty idea, in the second chapter it is intended to show how Kant properly establishes the fundament of a transcendental principle for the morality based in the figure of the only a priori fact of practical reason. In the second part of the work the main objective is to show what and how this figure must be understood. Thus, it seems that the moral law awareness should not be understood 1) as knowledge of a theoretical-speculative reasoning, 2) as based in some sort of intuition, which in this case, would only be sorted as a kind of intellectual intuition and 3) as based in some feeling, as is the answer suggested by Loparic. It is, thus, clarified that the fact of reason expresses the acknowledgement of a requirement originated from the pure practical reasoning, which also shows in the human sensibility level facing the figure of the only feeling generated or produced at priori by the practical reasoning, which is the feeling of respect by the moral law. This solution is due, in part, to the proposal of Dieter Henrich in which explicit as we may interpret this peculiar type which characterizes moral awareness. Besides that, it was aimed to show that the only compatible solution with the critical-transcendental system is the one from KpV, in a way that the theoretical-speculative reasoning is totally incapable of explaining and understanding what the practical necessity of a moral principle is based on. This point is emphasized in an article by Beck not quite discussed, for in that one he show the skepticism placed by the theoretical reasoning does not represent, in fact, a danger to the moral fundament does to the fact that this use of the reasoning might never explicit and understand the mandatory character of the moral principle. Finally, in the third chapter it is aimed at showing what and how we should interpret the feeling of respect, which, even without being a possibility condition of acknowledgement of the validity and requirement of the morality principle, must be intrinsically bound to the reasoning fact. Consequently, the respect is not a necessary figure to fundament the moral principle, however this feeling is inserted in the moral motivation problematic. At this moment of the work, it was aimed at clarifying those confusions that may emerge fro the kantian distinction of mobile (Triebfeder) and motive (Bewegungsgrund). This distinction, which is firstly done in the GMS, is not only kept in the KpV as well as is the key in the problem solution of the moral motivation, for in the last work, it is clear that the problem to be solved is to show how motive becomes mobile of the desire of the human reasoning being. Consequently, the feeling of respect consists of the subjective manifestation of the acknowledgement of the moral law. The result of this research is, in fact, an answer which may be integrated to the architectural critical-transcendental system.