Academic literature on the topic '170110 Psychological Methodology, Design and Analysis'

The article deals with the issues of design in psychological and pedagogical planning. It is noted that the design methodology is based on a systematic approach to the study and modeling of compound multi-component, complex objects. The article is devoted to the problems of psychological and pedagogical planning, including the planning of educational lesson. The main aspects of pedagogical planning are considered: psychological and pedagogical sense, the place of planning in the structure of psychological analysis of educational lesson (lesson).

Due to the product complexity and time constraint, it is common to conduct a collaborative design process to consider design requirements concurrently from the product lifecycle. However, such multi-disciplinary integration process may lead to potential design conflicts which has to be further resolved as the development continues. In this research, we propose a novel analytic model by combining the concepts of Ideal Final Result (IFR) and Trends analysis in TRIZ theory to systematically find the possible design contradictions from a top-down approach. The IFR is used to represent the integration of the developing product requirements which are requested from the collaborative team members. We then apply Trends analysis to compare the current state of existing product and the IFR state of the developing product. Therefore after comparison we will transform the differences into 39 engineering parameters defined in TRIZ to acquire possible design contradictions among components. The contributions of this methodology not only derive design conflicts systematically, but also help designers jump out of their psychological inertia and perform the design process with IFR to achieve distinct innovation.

Human Factors are stable psychological, psychophysical, and physiological limits that influence the performance and safety of technical systems managed by humans. Roads are made for human use, but nowadays not completely on a human scale. Many studies demonstrate that Human Factors are a key factor in accident occurrence and thus it is mandatory to consider them in the definition of design standards. This research provides a methodological approach to reviewing design standards based on Human Factors. The methodology identifies which Human Factors aspects are relevant for each specific design feature. The reviewer is then able to judge if those aspects are considered using checklists. Moreover, the paper presents a review of the Italian design standards using the proposed methodology. This identifies to what extent Human Factors are considered in the Italian design standards, analyzing if they match the requirements of the three rules of Human Factors proposed by PIARC (Permanent International Association of Road Congresses). The results identify where Italian design standards consider Human Factors and where they do not. This is where further improvements should be made so that engineering solutions could match psychological requirements, for safer and ergonomic road infrastructures. The proposed approach provides a structured and systematic procedure for the analysis which has been found to be suitable also for road safety audits procedures.

Purpose – A number of studies have identified a relationship between the positive psychological capital (PsyCap) of employees and desirable outcomes. Given current and projected shortages of truck drivers that could become the “Achilles heel” of the global supply chain, the purpose of this paper is to test whether and how drivers’ attitudes and PsyCap relates to their intentions to quit. Design/methodology/approach – Using survey data from truckload drivers (n=251) from two major transportation firms, correlation, regression, and path analysis were conducted to assess the relationship between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, PsyCap, and intentions to quit. Findings – Results of this study indicate strong positive relationships between PsyCap and job satisfaction and organizational commitment and a strong negative correlation with intentions to quit. Structural equation modeling suggests that job satisfaction and organizational commitment mediate the relationship between PsyCap and turnover intentions. Practical implications – Managerial implications for recognizing, understanding, and developing PsyCap in the transportation industry are derived from this study. Specific training guidelines are provided. Originality/value – The major contribution of this paper is that it provides, for the first time, empirical evidence that PsyCap can be utilized to improve retention rates for truckload drivers.

This symposium addresses the challenge of translating user data to specifications suitable for interface development. Four methodologies will be presented: Decision requirements tables, ecological interface design, object-view and interaction design and procedural networks. These four methodologies will be contrasted relative to three dimensions: (1) type of data used in analysis, (2) point in the design process at which each methodology focuses its impact and (3) the formalisms each uses for translating psychological data into engineering data suitable for specification development. Our introductory remarks will elaborate on these three dimensions, and present an example design problem. The four session participants then will present their respective methodologies, how each addresses the three dimensions and how each can be used to address the example design problem.

Purpose Scholarly studies have criticized transformational leadership (TFL) for its lack of conceptual clarity and inadequate operationalization. This study endeavors to do a detailed examination of the dimensions of the construct to address the lack of conceptual clarity. Further, with respect to concerns regarding operationalization, the study does an exploratory evaluation of reconceptualized TFL's relationship with psychological empowerment, a construct through which TFL mostly has its beneficial outcomes.Design/methodology/approachRespondents (n = 335) from an Indian information technology (IT) services organization report on their psychological empowerment and the transformational behaviors of their supervisors using temporally separated (15 days) online questionnaires.FindingsAs expected, the dimensions of transformational leadership are not equally salient in influencing psychological empowerment; however, they explain variance in all dimensions of psychological empowerment. Visioning relates to meaning and impact; inspirational communication relates to all dimensions of empowerment; personal recognition relates to impact and competence; finally, intellectual stimulation relates to self-determination. Contrary to expectations, however, data did not support the relationship of intellectual stimulation and supportive leadership on competence.Research limitations/implicationsData collected from a single organization limit the claims of generalizability, and the use of a cross-sectional design prevents claims of causality. Given the significant variation in relational properties of individual dimensions, scholars can use dimensions of TFL, and therefore theorizing with these is possible.Originality/valueThis paper provides additional support for the unpacking of TFL, by hypothesizing and demonstrating the dimensional relationships between TFL and psychological empowerment.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between team psychological safety and team performance and to test the mediating effect of learning orientation and moderating effect of psychological empowerment on that relationship. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 50 teams and 345 team members from 20 different organizations. The moderated mediation analysis of psychological empowerment was tested using hierarchical regression analysis (PROCESS Macro) in SPSS. Findings The results show that higher the psychological empowerment, higher is the effect of psychological safety and learning orientation on team performance. Results supported the moderated mediation analysis of psychological empowerment. Practical implications Given that psychological empowerment and learning orientation of team members will effect team performance, organizational efforts to foster psychological empowerment should be rewarding. Focusing on channelizing team psychological safety to improve team members’ relationship, openness and comfort with each other will increase team performance. Originality/value The study incorporated learning orientation and psychological empowerment to redefine the relationship between psychological safety and team performance.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of learning organization culture (LOC), learning goal orientation (LGO) and psychological empowerment (PsyEmp) on employee engagement, focusing on the mediating role of each dimension of PsyEmp (meaning, competence, self-determination and impact). Design/methodology/approach Individual perceptions of 329 employees in 9 South Korean for-profit companies were obtained by a cross-sectional survey. Construct validity of each measurement model was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and the hypothesized structural model was tested by structural equation modeling. Bootstrap analyses were used for testing mediation effects of PsyEmp. Findings The authors found that PsyEmp had a significant effect on job engagement, and that LOC and LGO significantly predicted the level of PsyEmp and engagement. The four dimensions of PsyEmp partially mediated the relationship between the two predictors (i.e. LOC and LGO) and job engagement. LGO had a stronger effect than LOC on both PsyEmp and job engagement. Practical implications Employees who are high in LGO and perceive that an organization provides opportunities for continuous learning with supportive leadership are more likely to experience improved meaning in their work, competence in their knowledge and skills, and foster self-determination with respect to their personal impact on their work and organization. These important facets of PsyEmp that promote employee engagement should be considered by human resource and OD professionals when recommending workplace changes to improve organizational effectiveness and sustainability. Originality/value This study complements the trend to use employee engagement as a proxy for understanding both individual and organizational performance by investigating the relationships among LOC, goal orientation, empowerment and engagement.

Purpose Research into job design and employee outcomes has tended to examine job design in isolation of the wider organizational context, leading to calls to attend to the context in which work is embedded. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the interaction between job design and psychological climate on job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach Cognitive dissonance theory was used to explore the nature of this relationship and its effect on job satisfaction. The authors hypothesized that psychological climate (autonomy, competence, relatedness dimensions) augments favorable perceptions of job demands and control when there is consistency between them (augmentation effect) and compensates for unfavorable perceptions when they are inconsistent (compensation effect). Findings Analysis of data from 3,587 individuals partially supported the hypotheses. Compensation effects were observed for job demands under a high autonomy and competence climate and for job control under a low competence climate. Augmentation effects were observed for job demands under a high relatedness climate. Practical implications When designing jobs managers should take into account the effects of psychological climate on employee outcomes. Originality/value This study has offered a way to bridge the job design and psychological climate fields and demonstrated that the call for more attention to the context in which jobs are embedded is worth heeding.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effect of authentic leadership on internal whistleblowing intention through psychological safety. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypotheses, the partial least square analysis is applied to questionnaire survey data from 201 employees from State Province Government of Indonesia. Findings The results reveal that authentic leadership and psychological safety influence the internal whistleblowing intention. The result also indicates that authentic leadership has an indirect effect on internal whistleblowing intention through psychological safety. Originality/value This study has made a valuable contribution for scholars and managers to the understanding of factors that affect internal whistleblowing intention at government officers in Indonesia context.

Perceived organizational support (POS) is an important construct in organizational science that describes employees’ degree of perceived support from their organization. However, in the academic literature, no paper has openly consulted real employees for how they understand and experience organizational support. The goal of the present dissertation was to conduct a qualitative,
person-centric study to from the employee’s perspective investigate the meaning of POS. To do this, techniques based on current best-practice recommendations were used, including examining incidents of the phenomenon and collecting lay definitions from key informants. It was found that a wide range of organizational behaviors can count as support; in the data, 25 distinct support forms were identified along with 27 lack of support forms. Through thematic analysis, these forms were aggregated into six themes of organizational support (e.g., “Organization helps the employee perform their job effectively”) and ultimately formed a single higher-order theme that represented
the meaning of POS. That ism POS is the holistic perception of whether or not an employee is
valued by their organization. This aligns with the classical academic definition of POS (perceptions of how much the organization values one’s well-being and work contributions) but also suggests the construct should be considered more broadly.
Because how a construct is conceptualized determines its essential content, the second half of this dissertation performed a systematic content validation of the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS) and its short forms. Little formal content validation had been done
for this scale, but it was found that all four aspects of content validity examined (content deficiency, relevance, distinctiveness, and balance) were satisfactory in the SPOS and of its short forms. Thus, researchers using these scales can be confident of content validity, although there is a need to improve content validation processes and reduce the number of SPOS short forms in current use.

Analyses of data from 317 young people (16-24 yrs) suggested that their attachment to parents is best represented by an overall attachment scale and 1(2) specific subscales. Analyses of data from 146 parents indicated that closeness to their children is captured by an overall scale and two specific subscales.

Cognitive control is accomplished by a set of higher-order cognitive processes that are recruited to aid in the completion of various tasks. A popular proposed mechanism is the Dual Mechanisms of Control (Braver, Gray, & Burgess, 2007), proposing proactive and reactive mechanisms. While neuroscience studies provide evidence that these are two distinct processes, it remains unclear whether the processes are competing, or whether they can be used together. That is, are the two processes able to both be enacted to some degree? Further, whether these mechanisms can be titrated to produce a gradient-like use of control on a trial-level basis is unknown. These are the two primary pursuits of this dissertation. Experiment 1 shows the titrated pattern of control use, indicating (a) sensitivity to task demands, and (b) dynamic use of proactive and reactive control at the trial level, in a new task. Further, a novel contribution is the observation of ability to titrate the use of control. Additional experiments relate performance on this task to working memory (Experiment 2), replicate the findings in an online format (Experiment 3), and differentiate performance from distance effects commonly seen in relative judgment tasks (Experiment 4). This work has implications for the understanding of how cognitive control functions and how dynamically the use of these mechanisms can be adjusted.

A Test Battery (TB) is a measurement method that is designed to assess a variety of ability constructs. The extent to which TB predicts future pilot performance has important implications for both flying organizations and applicants. The primary emphasis in the existing literature has been on scores of individual ability tests, in contrast to the scores of multiple ability tests that are typically indexed by composites derived from TBs. The selection literature lacks a focus on composite scores, and seldom links to the broad cognitive abilities that predominate TBs. The objective of this study was to investigate how the different broad ability constructs of TBs influence their predictive validities for pilot performance. Six ability groups were identified as the most common ability saturations of pilot selection TBs. On the basis of 89 studies and 118 independent samples, a series of meta-analyses were conducted to determine the criterion-related validity of the six categories of TBs for several criterions of pilot performance.

The investigation revealed there was an overall small and positive relationship between TBs and flight performance. The six categories of cognitive ability TBs appeared to be valid predictors of pilot performance, and at least five of them generalize validity across studies and settings. More specifically, three sets of predictor groups were identified according to the magnitude of validity estimates. The highest validity group included Work Sample TBs (r=.34), the second highest validity group included TBs of Acquired Knowledge, General Ability, and Motor Abilities (r=.19, .18, and .17, respectively), and the lowest validity group included TBs of Perceptual Processing and Controlled Attention (r=.14 and .10, respectively).

The results also indicated that there was substantial variability in the effect of cognitive abilities on flight performance, with evidence of moderators operating in most cases. Five potential moderator variables were examined that may moderate the TBs-performance relationship in flying. The analysis for the moderator variable of the number of tests in the battery (small battery/large battery), regularity of TB use in pilot selection (commonly used/uncommonly used), and criterion level of measurement (continuous/ordinal/dichotomous/ contingency table) revealed significant moderating effects on the correlations between flight performance and several types of test batteries. Other moderators related to year of publication (1987-1999/2000-2009/2010-2017) and flying organization (USAF/US Navy/Another military/Civilian) did not significantly influence the correlations between TBs and flight performance. The implications of the findings for practice are discussed, and recommendations for future research directions are provided.

In the present study, we compare factor analytic models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in terms of their fit and predictive utility with regard to external correlates such as comorbid diagnoses and other psychosocial outcomes. Competing models were compared and validated in an epidemiological dataset (N = 23,936). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) using models from prior literature with four through seven factor solutions were conducted. The seven factor Hybrid model, the six-factor Anhedonia model, and the six-factor Externalizing Behaviors model were the first, second, and third best-fitting models, respectively; however, the inconsistency of associations with external correlates and high factor intercorrelations suggested that higher-factor solutions may sacrifice parsimony for minimal gains in utility. The Anhedonia and Hybrid models’ separate Anhedonia and Negative Affect factors (a core difference from other models) demonstrated limited utility in differentially associating with distinct constructs under the internalizing umbrella. Anhedonia and Negative Affect also correlated highly with each other and nearly perfectly with the factors composed of their combined symptoms (e.g. the Externalizing Behaviors model’s Numbing factor), suggesting a "lumped" factor would be more parsimonious. The Externalizing Behaviors model showed predictive utility in accounting for externalizing comorbidities as well as differentiating among constructs within the internalizing spectrum; however, it lacked robust associations with externalizing behavioral outcomes such as frequency and quantity of drinking. These results give reason for concern that predominant structural models of PTSD may not be adequate for discriminating among or predicting functional outcomes related to PTSD symptomatology in trauma-exposed populations.

A large body of literature suggests that cognitive abilities are important determinants for training and job performance, including flight performance. The associations between measures of ability tests and job performance have been the focus of many empirical studies, resulting in an overall conclusion that general mental ability, g, is the main source of prediction, while other narrower abilities have limited power for predicting job performance. Despite the attention given to cognitive ability-flight performance relationships, their associations have not been fully understood at the broad construct level, and most extant literature focused on the relations at the observed scores level. Thus, the present dissertation study was designed to contribute to the progression of this understanding by examining the relations between cognitive abilities and flight training performance, using data from four U.S. Air Force (USAF) pilot samples. For comparison, one navigator and one air battle manager sample were also analyzed. The data were obtained from correlation matrices of prior investigations and analyzed via structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures.

Four studies are reported in the thesis: (1) preliminary study, (2) primary validation study, (3) cross-validation study, and (4) cross-occupation validation study. The preliminary study assessed the test battery used in the subsequent predictive studies. The primary validation study introduced a bifactor predictive SEM model for testing the influence of cognitive abilities in predicting pilot performance. The cross-validation study assessed the consistency of the predictive model suggested in the primary validation study, using three additional pilots’ samples. The cross-occupation validation study compared the predictive model using data from three aviation-related occupations (flying, navigation, air battle management). Ability factors were extracted from scores of pilot applicants on the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test (AFOQT), the USAF officers’ primary selection test battery, whereas the flight performance scores were obtained from pilot records during the flight training program.

In addition to the g factor, verbal ability, quantitative ability, spatial ability, perceptual speed ability, and aviation-related acquired knowledge are the six latent cognitive ability factors investigated in the reported studies. Pilot performance measures were modeled either as observed or latent variables covering ratings of academic and hands-on flying performance in different phases of the training program. The studies of this thesis established that (1) general ability contributes substantially to the prediction models; however, it is not the only important predictor, (2) aviation-related acquired knowledge is the most robust predictor of pilot performance among the abilities examined, with a role even exceeding that of g, (3) perceptual speed predicted pilot performance uniquely in several occasions, while verbal, spatial, and quantitative abilities demonstrated trivial incremental validity for hands-on pilot performance beyond that provided by the g measure, and (4) the relative importance of cognitive abilities tends to vary across aviation occupations.

In this chapter we describe a novel pedagogy for conceptual thinking and peer cooperation with Meaning Equivalence Reusable Learning Objects (MERLO) that enhances higher-order thinking; deepen comprehension of conceptual content; and improves learning outcomes. The evolution of this instructional methodology follows insights from four recent developments: analysis of patterns of content and structure of labeled patterns in human experience, that led to the emergence of concept science; development of digital cyber-infrastructure of networked information; research in neuroscience and brain imaging, showing that exposure of learners to multi-semiotic inductive problems enhance cognitive control of inter-hemispheric attentional processing in the lateral brain, and increase higher-order thinking; research in evolutionary dynamics on peer cooperation and indirect reciprocity, that document the motivational effect of knowledge of being observed, a psychological imperative that motivate individuals to cooperate and to contribute to the common good.

According to the World Health Organization, more than one billion people on the planet have a type of disability. In Brazil, it corresponds to twenty-four per cent of the population, which creates a high level of social impacts, psychological vulnerability and dependence on others. In this context, Assistive Technology, including prosthetic devices, it is a resource that can be used in order to reduce those vulnerability levels. However, the product market of Assistive Technology is still limited, the few available products present high cost – contradicting Brazil’s high poverty levels, and the rates of dissatisfaction and abandonment of those products are quite high since these people have many specificities. Considering these aspects, the Integrated Product Development Process (IPDP) for Assistive Technology arises as a solution to design products that can match the expectations of the users. The main purpose is to present a fraction of the IPDP of a prosthetic device for the upper limb. It is a research of Informational Design which is applied tools of ergonomics and universal design. In the methodology, the social context of people with upper limb disability was investigated applying tools of Macroergonomics, such as Socio-technical System analysis to reach the personal context of users of prosthetic devices. Then, the Likert tool was applied to the collected data. In the results, the user’s specificities were found in order to use them to the product’s requirements, which ones can contribute to the design of the product. It is concluded that the tools of product development, ergonomics, Universal Design and sociotechnical system analysis have applicability in the IPDP since they enable us to study the specificities of users in order to apply them in subsequent phases of IPDP with the approach in Design for Assistive Technology which contribute to product safety and quality.

The use of technology in healthcare became a prevailing necessity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sanitary services oriented in mental health broadened their way of interaction due to the increase in the need for these services. Healthcare professionals had to develop different learning skills and adapt their abilities to the virtual clinical practice through a digital interface, where communication represented the biggest challenge. The objective of the study was to identify the different adjustments, especially in the communication skills, made by those who provide psychological services by the Virtual Clinic in Psychology and others and clinical psychologists. The authors considered adequate qualitative methodology for the study with an exploratory, descriptive design. The data gathering tool was a semi-structured interview and the word analysis method. The participants are professors that provide psychological care in the Virtual Clinic in Psychology of a nonprofit institution of higher education in Mexico and professionals providing mental health attention.

This chapter describe a novel pedagogy for conceptual thinking and peer cooperation with meaning equivalence reusable learning objects (MERLO) that enhances higher-order thinking; it deepens comprehension of conceptual content and improves learning outcomes. The evolution of this instructional methodology follows insights from recent developments: analysis of patterns of evolving concepts in human experience that led to the emergence of concept science, development of digital information, research in neuroscience and brain imaging showing that exposure of learners to multi-semiotic problems enhance cognitive control of inter-hemispheric attentional processing in the lateral brain, and increase higher-order thinking. The research on peer cooperation and indirect reciprocity document the motivational effect of being observed, a psychological imperative that motivates individuals to cooperate and to contribute to better common knowledge. Teaching courses in History and Theory of Architecture to young architecture students with pedagogy for conceptual thinking enhance higher-order thinking, deepen comprehension of conceptual content, and improve learning outcomes; it allows one to connect analysis of historic artifact, identify pattern of design ideas extracted from the precedent, and transfer concepts of good design into the individual's creative design process.

The article is dedicated to the demarcation of the transformation specificity of creative and practical subjects into distant teaching in higher education institution. The particularities of the course didactic elements usage on the Moodle platform and within extra-platform resources were studied on example of the course "Journalistic Speciality (Photo Journalism)" which was located on the website of distant learning of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, and "Design in Advertising and PR", educational and methodological package located on the web-portal of National University of Food Technologies. Academic subjects of such type aim to form students' practical skills and, thus, are based on imitation as a method of teaching which is hard to realize during distant teaching of an academic subject. The formation of necessity of creative seeing and self-realization within the academic subject is also important. Taking into consideration specific situation caused by the events in Luhansk region in 2014 and later and events, caused by the COVID-19 pandemics, it was particularly important to create psychological comfort and minimize stress situations connected to the absence of direct contact with a teacher and groupmates during the studying process. The aim of this research was to trace out the specificity of usage of the Moodle platform and extra-platform resources in distant teaching of creative and practical academic subjects (also with usage of computer technologies and specific equipment) to the students of humanities. The researcher also pursue the aim to lighten gained experience in search of optimal for distant learning forms and methods of teaching for provision of high educational result and psychological comfort of students. The author uses such methods of research as analysis of educational and methodological literature, programmes, manuals and methodological recommendation, available programme means and a platform for distant learning; approbation of chosen methodology in the conditions of distant learning in evacuated university and during the learning process under the conditions of lockdown; questionnaires and interviews with the students who took part in studying of the academic subject, working out and statistical analysis of the results; progress monitoring of students' educational activity, observation and evaluation of their extra-curriculum creative activity. The usage of both basic methodological forms of work and interactive and playing technologies (web-quests, glogs, and comics) realized due to combination of the Moodle elements and outside internet resources assisted to better mastering of learning material and helped to those students who faced distant learning for the first time to adapt quicker to the particularities of the Moodle distant learning platform and to make their integration into student community easier. The choice of platform and extra-platform educational resources allowed to meet psychological, educational, professional needs of the students and encouraged them to creative self-realization in open information space.

Abstract The elicitation of customer pain points is a crucial early step in the design or redesign of successful products and services. Online, user-generated data contains rich, real-time information about customer experience, requirements, and preferences. However, it is a nontrivial task to retrieve useful information from these sources because of the sheer amount of data, often unstructured. In this work, we build on previous efforts that used natural language processing techniques to extract meaning from online data and facilitate experiential redesign and extend them by integrating a sentiment analysis. As a use case, we explore the airline industry. A considerable portion of potential passengers opt out of traveling by airplane due to aviophobia, a fear of flying. This causes a market loss to the industry and inconvenience for those who experience aviophobia. The potential contributors to aviophobia are complex and diverse, involving physical, psychological and emotional reactions to the air travel experience. A methodology that is capable of accommodating the complexity and diversity of the commercial airline industry user-generated data is necessary to effectively mine customer pain points. To address the demand, we propose a novel methodology in this study. Using passenger commentary data posted on Reddit, the method implements topic modeling to extract common themes from the commentaries and employs sentiment analysis to elicit and interpret the salient information contained in the extracted themes. This paper ends by providing specific recommendations that are germane to the use case as well as suggesting future research directions.

An attractive product successfully attracts people when it is first introduced. More importantly, it maintains people’s interest throughout its lifetime. A product’s ability to maintain attractiveness is an important factor in the design of a long-life product. Yet, what specific product qualities provide this aspect of attractiveness and what specific design attributes affect quality. People perceive product quality by the use of different sensory modalities such as vision and touch. The dominance of a particular sensory modality and perception of product quality may change over time during product use. Two aspects are involved in this type of time-series change: (1) physical changes in the product (e.g. deterioration) and (2) users’ psychological changes during their experiences with a product. In this paper, we propose an experimental methodology that can be used to quantify the effects of design characteristics in relation to certain sensory modalities on users’ appraisals of product quality and on the customers’ beliefs during continued product use. The methodology analyzes changes in effects with respect to design parameters in relation to certain sensory modalities and in relation to two aspects of change. We applied the methodology to the design of a face lotion container. Qualities perceived by both vision and touch exerted significant effects on participants’ decisions to purchase a product and continue its use. We asked 30 female participants aged between twenty and thirty years to use a sample daily for one month. Participants were required to record their opinions of the samples (online assessment). On the first day, one week, and one month later, we invited participants to visit the laboratory. During those visits, they were asked to assess 24 samples that contained different visual designs, varied surface finishes, differing amounts of lotion, and different surface conditions (offline assessment). Based on these results, we demonstrated that the significance of design factors that participants perceived by different sensory modalities qualitatively and quantitatively changed over time. In this case study of lotion container design, we discovered that the potentially significant effect of a delicate surface finish that provided comfortable tactile sensations regardless of surface conditions on quality perception during long-term product use.

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the methodology for studying the conditions for the formation of students ‘ subjectivity and the development of its qualitative characteristics in various forms of organization of project activities in the educational space of the University. The problem of substantiating the methodology for studying the conditions for the formation and development of the quality of student subjectivity in the educational space of the University is revealed through the formulation and resolution of research questions caused by: – activity bases for determining subjectivity, conditions for its manifestation and development; – using methods of psychological research of subjectivity based on reflection by subjects of various aspects of personal participation in activities (motives, values, activity, etc.); – differences in educational goals, content, results and forms of project activity in education (educational, social, entrepreneurial, innovative projects; projects for organizing educational activities, training programs for project activities, project competitions). The research methods used are: modeling of project activities, organization of expertise and reflection of design competencies and signs of subjectivity of students, diagnostics of the quality of their subject position in education. Of exceptional importance were the procedures and methods of humanitarian research of educational innovations (Prozumentova, 2007): phenomenological description of design precedents in innovative educational practices, textualization, analytical commentary, analytical generalization, typologization, conceptualization. We also used methods of qualitative analysis: the case study method, focused and research interviews, and the organization of focus groups. The study identified characteristics of psychological and educational space of the University; revealed the psychological and pedagogical conditions of formation of subjectest and subjective position of a man in his education, and thus, a justified way of solving the problem of the study of quality of subjectivity of students through the analysis of existing forms of organization of project activities in the educational space of the University.

In modern society, life expectancy has increased, and the digital healthcare industry has grown up as people are more interested in health. Moreover, the recent spread of COVID-19 has increased the time spent at home, increasing the demand for weight control such as diet and nutrition-related products, exercise & fitness services. In the United States and Europe, weight management is mainly implemented to improve health or reduce health risk factors, whereas, in Korea, weight management is highly focused on external appearance alone. The purpose of this study is to propose a healthy weight management service design for users in their 20s and 30s in Korea who experience severe health problems in their weight management program by analyzing their needs and pain points in the process and defining fundamental problems. This study applied the double diamond model, a service design methodology, and divided the research process into discover, define, develop, and deliver. We conducted a digital ethnography of 20 selected weight management videos and in-depth interviews with 9 people who actively use the weight management process in order to collect user's verbal and non-verbal raw data and define service directions based on users' pain points and need & wants. Furthermore, we could substantiate specific solutions for service directions, the psychology types of each user, and the behavior inducement; and finalize the service architecture. Finally, we organized two sets of usability test of the service prototype of wireframes and developed the user interface design by applying heuristic evaluation criteria and analysis of the user observation from the test.As a result, we decided to use a smart mirror as a service platform based on the insight that visual observation is more effective than numerical value for weight management and the study that mirror exposure therapy is used to change users' behavior for actual weight management. In addition, We chose DTC genetic testing to identify the innate body information of each user and suggest appropriate nutrients, diets, and exercises for them. Not only that, but also, it was analyzed that in order for the user to continue weight management, it is necessary to habituate through user behavior improvement and gain motivation. Therefore, in order to form new habits of users, 1) 66 days were set as one unit, 2) the correct behavior model is to be presented to users, 3) persuasive technologies such as simplifying actions or going through steps were applied. Lastly, motivation is needed to maintain the habits, which must meet three factors: autonomy, relationship, and capability; for this reason, we provided functions according to user tendencies, provoked user interactions by sharing information and communicating with others, and comprised accomplishment process of one's goals. This study, applying DTC genetic testing results and using a smart mirror with strengthening users' experiences through the formation of digital and non-face-to-face platforms, differentiates from existing services in the healthcare industry.

Drivers aged 65 and older are very prone to motor vehicle crashes. Intersections appear to be hazardous for drivers of this age group due to the driver’s cognitive, perceptual, and psychomotor challenges. Literature notes that older drivers find it incredibly challenging to safely navigate left turns at signalized intersections. Studies have identified the driver’s physical health, vision, and cognition as factors that impact the ability of older drivers to sufficiently monitor the gaps in oncoming traffic to make a left turn safely. The current paper aims to address the gap in the literature by explicitly examining older drivers’ gap acceptance behaviors during left turns at protected intersections. We utilize the Naturalistic Driving Study Data collected via the Strategic Highway Research Plan (SHRP2) to understand older driver behavior better. SHRP2 makes available a geo-spatially linked, comprehensive database over a multi-year period from over 3400 participants across six sites. SHRP2 databases contain a relatively more significant proportion of younger and older drivers than the national driver population databases. This dataset includes a trip summary, vehicle data, driver questionnaire, and test battery data specifying driving history, physical and psychological conditions, demographics and exit interview data, time-series data of the drivers approaching the intersections or just after the intersections, and forward video data of the drivers approaching the intersections or just after the intersections. Data is analyzed for participants over the age of 65 and participants between the ages of 30-50. Several hundred baseline, near-crash, and crash events are obtained for comparison. The video data is annotated using the DREAM methodology. The Roadway Information Database (RID) also considers additional variables such as crash histories and traffic and weather conditions. The samples of the forward video data provide the start time and end time of each gap accepted or rejected by the turning driver, especially when turning left, during unprotected phases, and help understand the participant’s interactions with other vehicles just before and after the intersections. As the data has been collected over multiple years across multiple sites, the dataset is considered a multivariate time series model. As there is more than a one-time dependent variable, the data was analyzed using Extreme Gradient Boost (XGBoost), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous factors (SARIMAX) models. These models are expected to achieve an accuracy of around 80 percent at four-way intersections and approximately 60 percent in T-intersections. We anticipate that the older drivers will exhibit longer gap acceptance times and a greater frequency of gap rejections than their younger counterparts while turning left across traffic at signalized intersections. The findings of the current study will have implications for older driver safety. Researchers may use the findings to understand gap acceptance behaviors further, while policymakers may utilize the results to design mobility guidelines.

Now the whole life of a person has switched to online mode. These changes also affected the education system. This means the need to introduce new technologies into the educational process. Books, manuals, printed publications are being replaced by electronic educational resources. Providing up-to-date, verified information to students has always been and remains one of the most important functions of the teacher. Unfortunately, with the transition of training to the online mode, the teacher cannot use his literature when conducting classes. In this regard, there is a need to use electronic resources. On the one hand, the development of the global network implies the presence of a large number of a wide variety of sites, which cannot but be a positive aspect, because both the teacher and the student can independently choose a resource that will be most understandable. But on the other hand, the variety of Internet resources implies the presence of unverified, false information, which can negatively affect the quality of education. That is why it is necessary to analyze new information systems. The problem is the presence of a large number of information technologies and resources used in education. Purpose. The goal is to conduct a comparative analysis of educational electronic publications and resources most often used by teachers of the natural science cycle in terms of their fullness, accessibility and use in the educational process. Method or methodology of the work. The requirements for the organization of a comprehensive examination suggest an approach that includes an examination of technical and technological, psychological, pedagogical and design-ergonomic aspects of the creation and use of educational electronic publications and resources, in our work we were based precisely on generalized research methods: 1) Technical and technological expertise (technical component of the site, its position in the network). 2) Psychological and pedagogical expertise (component by the type of educational electronic publication or resource, level of education, type and form of the educational process, assessment of the content and scenario of the informatization tool). 3) Design-ergonomic expertise (assessment of the quality of interface components of educational electronic publications and resources, their compliance with uniform ergonomic, aesthetic and health-saving requirements; assessment of the quality of interface components of educational electronic editions and resources, their compliance with uniform ergonomic, aesthetic and health-saving requirements). Results. The main sites that are frequently used by teachers of the natural science cycle of disciplines are the Russian Textbook corporation, the Enlightenment group of companies, the Binom publishing house, the Digital Age School, the practical significance of the study is determined by the high level of readiness of the results obtained, during the study it was found that it is advisable to introduce an information-electronic educational site - the Russian textbook corporation - into the pedagogical practice of the implementation of natural science subjects. The advantages of this server were established and recommendations for its use in the educational process were developed. Practical implications: the results obtained are expedient to be applied in educational institutions of the Russian Federation.