Relevant bibliographies by topics / 160808 Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology

Academic literature on the topic '160808 Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "160808 Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology"

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Lynch, Michael. "Social Constructivism in Science and Technology Studies." Human Studies 39, no. 1 (March 2016): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10746-016-9385-5.

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Heath, Christian, Hubert Knoblauch, and Paul Luff. "Technology and social interaction: the emergence of ‘workplace studies’." British Journal of Sociology 51, no. 2 (June 2000): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2000.00299.x.

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Hess, David J. "Technology- and Product-Oriented Movements: Approximating Social Movement Studies and Science and Technology Studies." Science, Technology, & Human Values 30, no. 4 (October 2005): 515–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243905276499.

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Woolgar, Steve. "The Turn to Technology in Social Studies of Science." Science, Technology, & Human Values 16, no. 1 (January 1991): 20–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016224399101600102.

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Hess, David J. "Publics as Threats? Integrating Science and Technology Studies and Social Movement Studies." Science as Culture 24, no. 1 (December 24, 2014): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2014.986319.

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Star, Susan Leigh. "Epilogue: Work and Practice in Social Studies of Science, Medicine, and Technology." Science, Technology, & Human Values 20, no. 4 (October 1995): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016224399502000406.

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Nguyen, Josef. "Make Magazine and the Social Reproduction of DIY Science and Technology." Cultural Politics 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/17432197-3592124.

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This analysis of Make, a US parenting magazine, focuses on how the periodical attempts to democratize science and technology through do-it-yourself (DIY) politics by rendering it a problem of child-rearing. Positioning the magazine within a broader context of contemporary interest in making and DIY practices, I argue that Make magazine deploys constructions of creative children to naturalize risk-taking as integral to future innovations, as a response to tensions between risks and responsibility underlying DIY modes of science and technology. Make magazine’s content performs what I define as the workshop-function, which distributes protocols through mass media for inaugurating spaces of scientific work outside of professional laboratories run by amateur scientific and technologic subjects. Make magazine highlights how DIY science and making intersects the politics of social reproduction, since the creation of amateur workshops and their operation become integral functions of the home, tying citizenship and political legitimacy to domestic labor in support of scientific and technological innovation.
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Duke, Shaul A. "Classical sociology meets technology: Doing independent large-scope research." Current Sociology 66, no. 7 (April 21, 2017): 977–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392117702428.

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During his short-lived but highly productive career, C Wright Mills put forth a vision for how sociology should be done. Two central directives can be gleaned from this vision: to tackle macro social theory issues by doing large-scope research; to achieve scholastic independence by doing non-administrative research. One might ask if Mills is sending scholars on a mission impossible. Analysing these two concepts in terms of both their merits and applicability, the present article indeed identifies a conflict between them, highlighted by what emerges as Mills’ own failure to realize this vision. After deeming these directives worthy goals, the article seeks to determine whether technological advances in the social sciences have the potential to allow both directives to be fulfilled at once. What is shown is that while the technology is ripe to enable autonomous big studies, its implementation by institutional and individual agents severely impedes the vision’s realization.
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Howard, Christopher A. "Book review: Technology and Social Theory." Thesis Eleven 132, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513615596401.

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Kling, Rob. "Audiences, Narratives, and Human Values in Social Studies of Technology." Science, Technology, & Human Values 17, no. 3 (July 1992): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016224399201700305.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "160808 Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology"

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Kraal, Ben J. "Considering design for automatic speech recognition in use." Thesis, University of Canberra, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16990/1/c16990.pdf.

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Talking to a computer is hard. Large vocabulary automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are difficult to use and yet they are used by many people in their daily work. This thesis addresses the question: How is ASR used and made usable and useful in the workplace now? To answer these questions I went into two workplaces where ASR is currently used and one where ASR could be used in the future. This field work was done with designing in mind. ASR dictation systems are currently used in the Australian Public Service (APS) by people who suffer chronic workplace overuse injuries and in the Hansard department of Parliament House (Hansard) by un-injured people. Analysing the experiences of the users in the APS and at Hansard showed that using an ASR system in the workplace follows a broad trajectory that ends in the continued effort to maintain its usefulness. The usefulness of the ASR systems is "performed into existence" by the users with varying degrees of success. For both the APS and Hansard users, they use ASR to allow work to be performed; ASR acts to bridge the gap between otherwise incompatible ways of working. This thesis also asks: How could ASR be used and made usable and useful in workplaces in the future? To answer this question, I observed the work of communicating sentences at the ACT Magistrates Court. Communicating sentences is a process that is distributed in space and time throughout the Court and embodied in a set of documents that have a co-ordinating role. A design for an ASR system that supports the process of communicating sentences while respecting existing work process is described. Moving from field work to design is problematic. This thesis performs the process of moving from field work to design, as described above, and reflects the use of various analytic methods used to distill insights from field work data. The contributions of this thesis are: * The pragmatic use of existing social research methods and their antecedents as a corpus of analyses to inspire new designs; * a demonstration of the use of Actor-Network Theory in design both as critique and as part of a design process; * empirical field-work evidence of how large vocabulary ASR is used in the workplace; * a design showing how ASR could be introduced to the rich, complicated, environment of the ACT Magistrates Court; and, * a performance of the process of moving from field work to design.
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Bilandzic, Ana. "New approaches to developing and commercialising IP from research in universities using open innovation." Thesis, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98400/1/thesis_ana.pdf.

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There has been increasing interest in open innovation in academic research as well as industry application since the concept was introduced in 2003. The concept got much attention because of its economic benefits and novel means for facilitating innovation. This thesis aims to adapt the concept of open innovation to the university environment, in order to foster innovation in the development process for intellectual property (IP) derived from academic research activities. It contributes to the literature on open innovation adapted to the university context, i.e. open collaboration on the development of intellectual property towards a commercial ready stage. In order to investigate the potential of open innovation in the university environment, a focus group was conducted. In addition, the business process of Quirky Inc. was analysed as an example to better understand how open innovation works in the business context. The results of the study’s data analyses inform new opportunities for interventions in universities towards fostering different approaches to IP development as research outcomes. Further, it reveals interventions that can promote open innovation approaches in the university’s context more generally.
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Bacaksizlar, Nazmiye Gizem. "Understanding Social Movements through Simulations of Anger Contagion in Social Media." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13805848.

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This dissertation investigates emotional contagion in social movements within social media platforms, such as Twitter. The main research question is: How does a protest behavior spread in social networks? The following sub-questions are: (a) What is the dynamic behind the anger contagion in online social networks? (b) What are the key variables for ensuring emotional spread? We gained access to Twitter data sets on protests in Charlotte, NC (2016) and Charlottesville, VA (2017). Although these two protests differ in their triggering points, they have similarities in their macro behaviors during the peak protest times. To understand the influence of anger spread among users, we extracted user mention networks from the data sets. Most of the mentioned users are influential ones, who have a significant number of followers. This shows that influential users occur as the highest in-degree nodes in the core of the networks, and a change in these nodes affects all connected public users/nodes. Then, we examined modularity measures quite high within users’ own communities. After implementing the networks, we ran experiments on the anger spread according to various theories with two main assumptions: (1) Anger is the triggering emotion for protests and (2) Twitter mentions affect distribution of influence in social networks. We found that user connections with directed links are essential for the spread of influence and anger; i.e., the angriest users are the most isolated ones with less number of followers, which signifies their low impact level in the network.

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Antalffy, Nikó. "Antimonies of science studies: towards a critical theory of science and technology." Australia : Macquarie University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/27367.

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Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media and Philosophy, Dept. of Sociology, 2008.
Bibliography: p. 233-248.
Academic vessels: STS and HPS -- SSK : scientism as empirical relativism -- Latour and actor-network-theory -- Tensions and dilemmas in science studies -- Kuhn - paradigm of an uncritical turn -- Critical theory of technology: Andrew Feenberg -- Critical theory and science studies: Jürgen Habermas -- Concluding remarks: normativity and synthesis.
Science Studies is an interdisciplinary area of scholarship comprising two different traditions, the philosophical History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) and the sociological Science and Technology Studies (STS). The elementary tension between the two is based on their differing scholarly values, one based on philosophy, the other on sociology. This tension has been both animating the field of Science Studies and complicating its internal self-understanding. --This thesis sets out to reconstruct the main episodes in the history of Science Studies that have come to formulate competing constructions of the cultural value and meaning of science and technology. It tells a story of various failed efforts to resolve existing antimonies and suggests that the best way to grapple with the complexity of the issues at stake is to work towards establishing a common ground and dialogue between the rival disciplinary formations: HPS and STS. --First I examine two recent theories in Science Studies, Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Both of them are found to be inadequate as they share a distorted view of the HPS-STS divide and both try to colonise the sociology of science with the tools of HPS. The genesis of this colonizing impulse is then traced back to the Science Wars which again is underpinned by a lack of clarity about the HPS-STS relationship. This finding further highlights the responsibility of currently fashionable theories such as ANT that have contributed to this deficit of understanding and dialogue.
This same trend is then traced to the work of Thomas Kuhn. He is credited with moderate achievements but recent re-evaluations of his work point to his culpability in closing the field to critical possibilities, stifling the sociological side and giving rise to a distorted view of the HPS-STS relationship as seen in SSK and ANT. Now that the origins of the confused and politically divided state of Science Studies is understood, there is the urgent task of re-establishing a balance and dialogue between the HPS and the STS sides. --I use two important theoretical threads in critical theory of science and technology to bring clarity to the study of these interrelated yet culturally distinct practices. Firstly I look at the solid line of research established by Andrew Feenberg in the critical theory of technology that uses social constructivism to subvert the embedded values in the technical code and hence democratize technology. --Secondly I look at the work of Jürgen Habermas's formidable Critical Theory of science that sheds light on the basic human interests inside science and technology and establishes both the limits and extent to which social constructivism can be used to study them. --Together Feenberg and Habermas show the way forward for Science Studies, a way to establish a common ground that enables close scholarly dialogue between HPS and STS yet understands and maintains the critical difference between the philosophical and the sociological approaches that prevents them from being collapsed into one indistinguishable entity. Together they can restore the HPS-STS balance and through their shared emancipatory vision for society facilitate the bringing of science and technology into a democratic societal oversight, correcting the deficits and shortcomings of recent theories in the field of Science Studies.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
vii, 248 p
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Leydesdorff, Loet. "A Sociological Theory of Communication The Self-Organization of the Knowledge-Based Society, pp. 1-25." Universal Publishers, Parkland, Florida, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105836.

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Networks of communication evolve in terms of reflexive exchanges. The codification of these reflections in language, that is, at the social level, can be considered as the operating system of society. Under sociologically specifiable conditions, the discursive reconstructions can be expected to make the systems under reflection increasingly knowledge-intensive. This sociological theory of communication is founded in a tradition that includes Giddens' (1979) structuration theory, Habermas' (1981) theory of communicative action, and Luhmann's (1984) proposal to consider social systems as self-organizing. The study also elaborates on Shannon's (1948) mathematical theory of communication for the formalization and operationalization of the non-linear dynamics. The development of scientific communications can be studied using citation analysis. The exchange media at the interfaces of knowledge production provide us with the evolutionary model of a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. The construction of the European Information Society can then be analyzed in terms of interacting networks of communication. The issues of sustainable development and the expectation of social change are discussed in relation to the possibility of a general theory of communication.
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Sedumedi, Boitshoko Kaelo. "Organisational and industrial practice in the steel industry : a sociology of science study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50053.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study investigated the nature of a steel production process in South Africa. The Iron and Steel Corporation of South Africa (Iscor) was analysed within various theoretical approaches within the sociology of science and technology. Iscor follows the production processes that are based on a particular paradigm practiced throughout the world by steel-making organisations. The study aims to unlock this paradigm by using specific theoretical (ANT, SCOT and SSR) and disciplinary (MOT) approaches. Each approach provides a unique analytical dimension to the study: the influence of various human and non-human actors, the influence of social pressures, the historical evolution of the current practices and the management of risk. The study explores how Iscor adheres to mainstream scientific work. Hence there is a focus on endogeneous approaches - "processes of technological change and their outcomes are part of what has to be explained and understood" (Rip et ai, 1995). It is also noted that the technologies are derived from practical experiences and processes of scientific research. There is an ongoing attempt to formulate an understanding between technical and social content of steel-making processes because automated plant machinery continue to replace manual labour. Finally, the study investigates how dominant steel-making technologies within lscor's Vanderbijlpark (VP) and Saldanah Bay (SB) plants have evolved to achieve a position of stability.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie het oorsake van die staal produksie proses in Suid Afrika geondersoek. Die Yster en Staal Korperasie van Suid Afrika (Yskor) was geanaliseer binne die verskillende teoretiese benaderings in die sosiologie van wetenskap en tegnologie. Yskor volg 'n produksie wat gebaseer is op 'n spesifieke paradigm wat deur alle staal vervaardigde organisasie wereld wyd gepraktiseer word. Die studie beoog om hierdie paradigm te ontbloot, deur spesifieke teoretiese (ANT, SCOT and SSR) en disiplinere (MOT) benaderings te gebruik. Elk van hierdie benaderings sal 'n unieke analiese demensie voortbring aan die studie: die invloed van verskillende menslike en nie-menslike aspekte, die invloed van sosiale druk, die geskiedkundige evolusie van die huidige praktyke en die bestuur van risikos. Die studie ondersoek hoe Yskor riglyne volg in die wetenskaplike veld. AI te mits is daar 'n mikpunt op endogeniese benadering - "tegnologiese prosese verandering en die resultate wat deel vorm van hoe die proses verduidelik word en verstandbaar moet wees" (Rip et al, 1995). Dis is dus duidelik dat die tegnologie verkry word deur praktiese ondervinding en wetenskappe navorsing prosese. Daar is voortdurend pogings om die verwantskap tussen tegniese en die sosiale inhoud van die staal vervaardigings prosese te formuleer, deurdat auto-matiese mashienerie all deurgans oorneem van werkers. Laastens die studie ondersoek hoe die dominante staal vervaardigde tegnologie binne in Yskor Vanderbijlpark (VP) en Saldanha Baai (SB) verander het om 'n stabiele stands poort te verkry.
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Rutherford, Paul, and prpdsr@mail usyd edu au. "The Problem of Nature in Contemporary Social Theory." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20011217.114840.

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This work examines the ways in which the relationship between society and nature is problematic for social theory. The Frankfurt School’s notion of the dialectic of enlightenment is considered, as are the attempts by Jurgen Habermas to defend an ‘emancipatory’ theory of modernity against this. The marginalising effect Habermas’ defence of reason has had on the place of nature in his critical social theory is examined, as is the work of theorists such as Ulrich Beck and Klaus Eder. For these latter authors, unlike Habermas, the social relation to nature is at the centre of contemporary society, giving rise to new forms of modernisation and politics. ¶ Michel Foucault’s work on biopolitics and governmentality is examined against the background of his philosophical debate with Habermas on power and rationality. The growth of scientific ecology is shown to have both problematised the social relation to nature and provided the political technology for new forms of regulatory intervention in the management of the population and resources. These new forms of intervention constitute a form of ecological governmentality along the lines discussed by Foucault and others in relation to the human sciences. ¶ However, Foucault’s work is not sufficiently critical of the relationship between the natural sciences and power. Extending Foucault’s biopolitics to environmental discourse is consistent with his general approach to power, but his incomplete critique of political sovereignty meant that for him agency remained tied to an idealised notion of the autonomy of the human subject. He therefore made too strong a distinction between the human and natural sciences and between power and the capacities of non-human entities, and continued to view the natural sciences as separating themselves from power in a way that was not possible in the human sciences. ¶ A more general critique of epistemic sovereignty reveals that the natural sciences (including ecology) are subject to disciplinary and normalising practices similar to those of the human sciences. Foucault’s key inadequacy is that he linked agency to human autonomy and sovereignty. The work of Bruno Latour and other actor network theorists show that an unambiguous ontological distinction between nature, material technologies and active human subjects is highly problematic. In the place of a separate ‘society’ and ‘nature’, this thesis argues that it is preferable to see these as a single socio-nature populated by the hybrid products of translation networks. ¶ By drawing together the insights of recent governmentality studies and the approach of actor network theory to agency and translation, Foucault’s concept of biopolitics can be adapted to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the ecological programs of government that have emerged around the problem of nature in second half of the twentieth century.
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Wilkie, Alex. "User assemblages in design : an ethnographic study." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2010. http://research.gold.ac.uk/4710/.

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This thesis presents an ethnographic study of the role of users in user-centered design. It is written from the perspective of science and technology studies, in particular developments in actor-network theory, and draws on the notion of the assemblage from the work of Deleuze and Guattari. The data for this thesis derives from a six-month field study of the routine discourse and practices of user-centered designers working for a multinational microprocessor manufacturer. The central argument of this thesis is that users are assembled along with the new technologies whose design they resource, as well as with new configurations of socio-cultural life that they bring into view. Informing this argument are two interrelated insights. First, user-centered and participatory design processes involve interminglings of human and non-human actors. Second, users are occasioned in such processes as sociotechnical assemblages. Accordingly, this thesis: (1) reviews how the user is variously applied as a practico-theoretical concern within human-computer interaction (HCI) and as an object of analysis within the sociology and history of technology; (2) outlines a methodology for studying users variously enacted within design practice; (3) examines how a non-user is constructed and re-constructed during the development of a diabetes related technology; (4) examines how designers accomplish user-involvement by way of a gendered persona; (5) examines how the making of a technology for people suffering from obesity included multiple users that served to format the designers’ immediate practical concerns, as well as the management of future expectations; (6) examines how users serve as a means for conducting ethnography-in-design. The thesis concludes with a theoretically informed reflection on user assemblages as devices that: do representation; resource designers’ socio-material management of futures; perform modalities of scale associated with technological and product development; and mediate different forms of accountability.
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Jackson, Sarah Marie. "Assessment of Implicit Attitudes Toward Women Faculty in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1324269233.

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Sugden, Christopher Michael Gordon. "The practical accomplishment of novelty in the UK patent system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2ef0fd06-dcd8-4b21-8ef8-ab914d8de15f.

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Novelty is a widespread notion that has not been given commensurate critical attention. This research is an ethnographically-inclined exploration of practices surrounding the accomplishment of novelty in an institution for which novelty is a central notion: the patent system of the United Kingdom. The research is based on interviews with patent examiners at the UK patent office, interviews with patent attorneys at various legal firms, and documentary analysis of legislation and numerous legal judgments. The thesis brings to bear themes from Science and Technology Studies and ethnomethodology to assess the extent to which they can account for the practices surrounding novelty in the UK patent system. As a fundamental legal requirement for the patentability of inventions, novelty is a central part of the practices of patent composition, assessment and contestation. Rather than being a straightforward technical criterion, however, novelty is shown to be a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon emerging from interwoven legal, bureaucratic and individual practices. The local resolution of whether or not a given invention is new, and the cross-institutional coherence of novelty as a practicable notion, raise questions concerning ontology, accountability, scale and inconcludability, and provide an opportunity for empirically grounded engagement with these longstanding analytical concerns.
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Books on the topic "160808 Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology"

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Turnbull, David. Masons, tricksters, and cartographers: Comparative studies in the sociology of scientific and indeigenous knowledge. Australia: Harwood Academic, 2000.

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Masons, tricksters and cartographers: Comparative studies in the sociology of scientific and indigenous knowledge. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic, 2000.

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1945-, Crowley D. J., and Heyer Paul 1946-, eds. Communication in history: Technology, culture, society. 2nd ed. White Plains, N.Y: Longman Publishers USA, 1995.

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1928-, Nakayama Shigeru, and Yoshioka Hitoshi 1953-, eds. Science, technology and society in contemporary Japan. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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Copp, Newton. Discovery, innovation, and risk: Case studies in science and technology. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1993.

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Nina, Lykke, ed. Cosmodolphins: Feminist cultural studies of technology, animals, and the sacred. London: Zed Books, 1999.

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Monahan, John. Social science in law: Cases and materials. 4th ed. Westbury, N.Y: Foundation Press, 1998.

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Laurens, Walker, ed. Social science in law: Cases and materials. Mineola, N.Y: Foundation Press, 1985.

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Monahan, John. Social science in law: Cases and materials. 3rd ed. Westbury, N.Y: Foundation Press, 1994.

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author, Walker Laurens, ed. Social science in law: Cases and materials. St. Paul, MN: Foundation Press, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "160808 Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology"

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Frickel, Scott, and Florencia Arancibia. "Environmental Science and Technology Studies." In Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 457–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77712-8_22.

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Whitley, Richard. "The Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook: A Personal Retrospective." In Social Studies of Science and Technology: Looking Back, Ahead, 1–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0185-4_1.

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Raimbault, Benjamin, and Pierre-Benoît Joly. "The Emergence of Technoscientific Fields and the New Political Sociology of Science." In Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, 85–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61728-8_4.

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AbstractThis chapter conceptualizes the emergence of a techno-scientific field (TSF) as a multiscalar and progressive establishment of a new set of epistemic and social rules. Drawing on science and technology studies and field theories, we design an original conceptual framework that allows us to formulate three propositions to characterize the process of emergence of a TSF. We use the emergence of synthetic biology (Synbio) as a ‘laboratory’ to test this framework. Each proposition refers to a determinant dimension in the process of emergence—heterogeneity, hierarchy, and autonomy. First, we claim that heterogeneity (of disciplines, research questions, visions, social norms) is constitutive of the emergence of a new TSF. Second, the population of Synbio researchers is highly stratified; a core group of scientific entrepreneurs (incumbents and challengers) plays an active role in the process of emergence. Third, strategies for the control of external resources are crucial to the structuration of the field, which is mirrored by the prominent role of core-group members as boundary spanners. An original scientometric approach is used to create specific variables that allow us to investigate both network and field structural dynamics bridging qualitative and quantitative approaches.
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Greer, Scott. "Professions, Data, and Political Will: From the Pandemic Toward a Political Science with Public Health." In Integrating Science and Politics for Public Health, 33–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98985-9_3.

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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic promised to teach us many things. One of the things it can help to teach us is about ways to do political science with public health. A political science with public health can work best if informed by a broad social-scientific understanding of both fields. This chapter, therefore, takes its inspiration from not just political science but also sociology and Science and Technology Studies, a field which focuses on the social construction of facts and their flow through society. The chapter focuses on three issues that seem to be particular causes of disciplinary misunderstanding and potentially fruitful research. The first is the professional authority of public health as a profession, including the extent to which it has a clear domain of expertise that others in government and academia respect. The second is the politics of data. Data are endogenous to the political process because the collection and coding of data of any kind are political decisions. The experience showed the potential value of viewing statistics as a dependent variable. The third is of the most contested concepts that can be found at the border of public health and political science: political will.
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Gülker, Silke. "From ‘Science and Religion’ to ‘Transcendence in Science’, or: What We Can Learn from the (History of) Science and Technology Studies." In Science, Belief and Society, 103–26. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529206944.003.0006.

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This chapter begins by identifying an imbalance in the sociology of science and technology. Across sociology, hardly anyone would object to the idea that science is a social process. Science and technology studies and the sociology of science have deconstructed scientific work and revealed how it is socially embedded in many ways. From this perspective, scientific knowledge is co-produced by scientific and non-scientific actors in a process influenced by class, gender, and culture. Few authors, however, have investigated the role that religion might play in this process of knowledge production. This is striking because this relationship was one of the most important topics in the early stages of sociology of science, which is one of the forerunner fields of science and technology studies. This chapter discusses the work of two pioneering authors in sociology of science, Robert K. Merton and Ludwik Fleck. While Merton’s work can still be inspiring for contemporary investigations of the relationship between science and religion on a meso- and macro-level, Fleck’s concept of ‘thought collectives’ and ‘thought styles’ asks for comparative empirical studies on a micro-level. Against this background, the chapter presents an idea of how to implement such micro-level empirical work beyond the science versus religion dichotomy: specifically, by analyzing transcendence constructions, demonstrated here in the field of stem cell research.
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Velikovsky, J. T. "The Holon/Parton Theory of the Unit of Culture (or the Meme, and Narreme)." In Technology Adoption and Social Issues, 1590–627. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5201-7.ch075.

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A universal problem in the disciplines of communication, creativity, philosophy, biology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, archaeology, history, linguistics, information science, cultural studies, literature, media and other domains of knowledge in both the arts and sciences has been the definition of ‘culture' (see Kroeber & Kluckhohn, 1952; Baldwin et al., 2006), including the specification of ‘the unit of culture', and, mechanisms of culture. This chapter proposes a theory of the unit of culture, or, the ‘meme' (Dawkins, 1976; Dennett, 1995; Blackmore, 1999), a unit which is also the narreme (Barthes, 1966), or ‘unit of story', or ‘unit of narrative'. The holon/parton theory of the unit of culture (Velikovsky, 2014) is a consilient (Wilson, 1998) synthesis of (Koestler, 1964, 1967, 1978) and Feynman (1975, 2005) and also the Evolutionary Systems Theory model of creativity (Csikszentmihalyi, 1988-2014; Simonton, 1984-2014). This theory of the unit of culture potentially has applications across all creative cultural domains and disciplines in the sciences, arts and communication media.
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Bonilla, Jesus Pedro Zamora, and Simone Centuori. "To Mine or Not to Mine?" In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 224–46. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7152-0.ch012.

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Social studies of science have flourished within the last decades, making use of numerous intellectual tools from a high variety of academic fields in the social sciences and the humanities (sociology, anthropology, cultural studies, etc.). Game theory, however, has been one tool that has not been put to use too often, in spite of the obvious importance of strategic considerations in the negotiations between the relevant actors in research episodes. In this chapter, the authors illustrate the use of game-theoretical concepts and techniques with the analysis of a nascent research field: asteroid mining.
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Wright, Michelle F. "Cyberbullying." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition, 356–73. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch026.

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The purpose of this chapter is to examine cyberbullying among children and adolescents, referred to as “youths” throughout the chapter. An extension of traditional bullying, cyberbullying is a form of bullying which takes place by means of electronic technologies, such as email, instant messaging, Facebook, and text messaging through mobile devices. Drawing on research from a variety of disciplines, such as psychology, education, social work, sociology, and computer science, this chapter is organized into six sections. The chapters draws on studies with qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research methodologies.
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Wright, Michelle F., and Bridgette D. Harper. "Cyberbullying." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 94–120. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4168-4.ch005.

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The purpose of this literature review is to describe youths' involvement in cyberbullying. The term “youths” refers to individuals in elementary school, middle school, and high school. The chapter begins by providing a description of cyberbullying and the definition of cyberbullying. The next section describes the characteristics and risk factors associated with youths' involvement in cyberbullying. The third section focuses on the psychological, social, behavioral, and academic difficulties associated with youths' involvement in cyberbullying. The chapter concludes with recommendations for schools and parents as well as recommendations for future research. The chapter draws on research utilizing quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, cross-sectional, longitudinal, and cross-sequential designs, and those from various disciplines, including psychology, communication, media studies, sociology, social work, and computer science.
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Wright, Michelle F. "What Is Cyberbullying?" In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fifth Edition, 374–86. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3479-3.ch027.

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Children and adolescents spend a great deal of time using and interacting through electronic technologies, including cell phones, gaming consoles, and the internet. Cyberbullying occurs through electronic technologies, including gaming consoles, email, instant messaging, chatrooms, social media, and text messages via mobile phones. The attention given to cyberbullying incidences are due to the nature of electronic communications. Through electronic technologies, children and adolescents can remain anonymous, allowing them to harm their victims without experiencing repercussions. Cyberbullying can also involve multiple bystanders who are also capable of resharing content. The literature in this chapter draws on research from various disciplines, including communication, computer science, education, media studies, psychology, social work, and sociology. Furthermore, the literature involves a variety of different research designs, including cross-sectional and longitudinal methodologies as well as qualitative and quantitative designs.
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