Dissertations / Theses: '160101 Anthropology of Development'

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Orticio, Gino C. "Towards configuring the Internet for social development in the Philippines." Thesis, University of the Philippines, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/57711/3/Towards_Configuring_the_Internet_for_Social_Development_in_the_Philippines.pdf.

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The Internet is one of the most significant information and communication technologies to emerge during the end of the last century. It created new and effective means by which individuals and groups communicate. These advances led to marked institutional changes most notably in the realm of commercial exchange: it did not only provide the high-speed communication infrastructure to business enterprises; it also opened them to the global consumer base where they could market their products and services. Commercial interests gradually dominated Internet technology over the past several years and have been a factor in the increase of its user population and enhancement of infrastructure. Such commercial interests fitted comfortably within the structures of the Philippine government. As revealed in the study, state policies and programs make use of Internet technology as an enabler of commercial institutional reforms using traditional economic measures. Yet, despite efforts to maximize the Internet as an enabler for market-driven economic growth, the accrued benefits are yet to come about; it is largely present only in major urban areas and accessible to a small number of social groups. The failure of the Internet’s developmental capability can be traced back to the government’s wholesale adoption of commercial-centered discourse. The Internet’s developmental gains (i.e. instrumental, communicative and emancipatory) and features, which were always there since its inception, have been visibly left out in favor of its commercial value. By employing synchronic and diachronic analysis, it can be shown that the Internet can be a vital technology in promoting genuine social development in the Philippines. In general, the object is to realize a social environment of towards a more inclusive and participatory application of Internet technology, equally aware of the caveats or risks the technology may pose. It is argued further that there is a need for continued social scientific research regarding the social as and developmental implications of Internet technology at local level structures, such social sectors, specific communities and organizations. On the meta-level, such approach employed in this research can be a modest attempt in increasing the calculus of hope especially among the marginalized Filipino sectors, with the use of information and communications technologies. This emerging field of study—tentatively called Progressive Informatics—must emanate from the more enlightened social sectors, namely: the non-government, academic and locally-based organizations.

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Dooley, Peadar. "The role of anthropology in international development." Thesis, Boston University, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27638.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02

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McNally, Stephen Peter. "HIV in contemporary Vietnam an anthropology of development /." Online version, 2002. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/25022.

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de, la Pezuela Gonzalo 1965. "Group lending microenterprise development programs: An anthropological perspective." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292055.

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With the backing of major donor agencies and non-governmental organizations, microenterprise development programs (MDPs) continue to proliferate throughout the world. These have the intention of harnessing the entrepreneurial skills which have been identified in the informal sector in order to improve standards of living. Making financial credit accessible is the primary method used by MDPs in order to reach their goals. From an anthropological perspective, this bid for social change raises issues concerning the suitability of a credit-centered mechanism that neglects the implications of social innovations which have endemically addressed the same issue of inaccessibility to capital resources. Most importantly, associational relationships which go beyond credit will determine the viability and appropriateness of such a program--especially when a group lending approach is used. Anthropologists can greatly enhance the effectiveness of MDPs by identifying the group dynamics of prospective program participants and by emphasizing a "people-centered" approach in general.

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Waag, Annika. "Entangled anthropology : the problematic practice of gendered anthropological analysis of development." Thesis, Uppsala University, Cultural Anthropology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3683.

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Vider, Jaanika. "Marginal anthropology? : rethinking Maria Czaplicka and the development of British anthropology from a material history perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1e8a95a0-b3a8-4886-9e28-7a5fb4d111e3.

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This thesis explores the history of British anthropology at the start of the twentieth century through a biographical focus on Maria Antonina Czaplicka (1884-1921). The title calls into question the marginalisation of people and processes in the history of anthropology that do not explicitly contribute to the dominant lineage of British social anthropology and offers to add depth and nuance to the narrative through analysis stemming from material sources. I use Czaplicka as a case study to demonstrate how close attention to a seemingly marginal person with an incomplete and scattered archival record, can help formulate a clearer picture of what anthropology was and what it can thus become. My research contributes to the understanding and appreciation of women's involvement in anthropology, calls into question national borders of the discipline at this point in time, highlights the networks that nurtured it, and demonstrates the potential that museum collections have for an enriched understanding of the history of anthropology. I propose that history of anthropology is better understood through a planar approach that allows multiple parallel developments to exist together rather than envisaging a linear evolution towards a single definition of social anthropology. The project lays the groundwork for further research into the role that museums can have for understanding anthropological legacy and the possibilities they may have in creating fresh understandings of the contemporary world.

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Vitous, Crystal Ann. "Impacts of Tourism Development on Livelihoods in Placencia Village, Belize." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6773.

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Placencia Village is one of Belize’s leading “eco-destinations,” due to its sandy-white beaches, coral reefs, and wildlife sanctuaries. While the use of “green washing,” the process of deceptively marketing products, aims or policies as being environmentally friendly, has proven to be effective in attracting consumers who are thought to be environmentally and socially conscious, the exponential growth, coupled with the absence of established policies, represents a significant threat to Belize. This thesis examines the political-ecologic dimensions of rapid tourism expansion in Southern Belize by investigating how the health of the biophysical environment is perceived, what processes are responsible for change, and how these changes are impacting the socioeconomic livelihoods of the local people.

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de, la Gorgendiere Louise. "Education and development in Ghana : an Asante village study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272481.

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Dillon-Sumner, Laurel Dawn. "Cultivating Change: Negotiating Development and Public Policy in Southern California's Wine Country." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5007.

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In the Temecula Valley, California, neoliberal development policies were implemented that had the potential to bring drastic changes to this semi-rural area, renowned for its wine production and idyllic setting as a wine tourism destination. In order to better understand the contested nature of these development plans, I conducted ethnographic and key informant interviews and public policy analysis research with policy-making officials, local residents and other stakeholding groups that formed in opposition to the planned expansion. This applied anthropology of policy was uniquely situated to explore the tensions between various stakeholders. This thesis serves to propose interventions that could have the intended impacts of the expansion plan, which included increasing tourism and bolstering the economy, while preserving the qualities that made the Temecula Valley marketable and consumable as a wine tourism destination. Bringing together diverse fields of study including economics, tourism and environmental anthropology, this thesis sheds light on policy making processes in the 21st century United States.

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Tremblay, Jessika. "One laptop per child: technology, education and development in Rwanda." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104579.

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This thesis critically examines the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) organization in the context of Rwanda‘s socioeconomic development plans for the year 2020. OLPC is a relatively new, large-scale development organization dedicated to the improvement of education in the world‘s poorest countries through the distribution of laptops specially designed for children. Rwanda is one of the poorest countries to have signed on the program since its founding in 2005, and ranks in the top five subscribers, having purchased 110,000 laptops for distribution among primary school students. The Government of Rwanda is committed to establishing a middle-income economy on the basis of an information economy, and has adopted OLPC to suit this agenda, while OLPC seeks to focus on the educational aspects of the program. This thesis, in the tradition of the anthropology of development, analyzes the motivations and ideals that guide both OLPC and the Government of Rwanda, and proposes that evaluating the program is better done by understanding it in its local context. This research is based on three months of ethnographic fieldwork in four grade five classrooms in urban Rwanda, along with interviews with key members of OLPC.
Cette thèse examine l'organisation, « One Laptop Per Child (OLPC)» dans le contexte des plans de développement socioéconomique du Rwanda pour l'année 2020. Fondé en 2005, OLPC est relativement grande et récente comme organisation. Cette fondation cherche à améliorer la qualité de l'éducation dans les pays les plus pauvres en distribuant des laptops conçus spécialement pour les enfants. Le Rwanda est un des pays les plus pauvres ayant souscrit à OLPC, mais, ayant aussi acquis 110,000 laptops, se trouve à être dans les cinq premiers pays souscrivant. Le gouvernement Rwandais cherche à établir une économie de taille moyenne basé sur l'informatique, et a adopté le projet OLPC pour servir cet agenda, alors qu'OLPC cherche plutôt à promouvoir l'amélioration de la qualité de l'éducation. Cette thèse, suivant la tradition de l'anthropologie du développement, analyse les motivations et les idées qui guident OLPC et le gouvernement Rwandais, en proposant qu'il vaille mieux évaluer le programme en contexte des valeurs locales. Cette recherche est basée sur trois mois d'étude ethnographique dans quatre écoles primaires Rwandaises, supplémentée d'interviews avec les chefs d'équipe et volontaires d'OLPC.

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Soskolne, Talia. "Being San' in Platfontein: Poverty, landscape, development and cultural heritage." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7462.

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As people are relocated, dispossessed of land, or experience the altered landscapes of modernity, so their way of life, values, beliefs and understandings are transformed. For the !Kun and Khwe people living on Platfontein this has been an ongoing process. Platfontein, a dry, flat piece of land near Kimberly in the Northern Cape, was purchased for the Kun and Khwe through the provision of a government grant in 1997. They took permanent residence there in government-built housing in December 2003. Prior to this they had had numerous experiences of relocation and strife, through a long-term involvement with the SADF that brought them from the Omega army base in Namibia, to a time of uncertainty in the tent town of Schmitsdrift, to their current settlement on Platfontein. The dry barren landscape of Platfontein suggests a very different way of life from that of hunter-gathering in Angola and Namibia. In the semi-urban context of Platfontein, basic sustenance and entry into the job market are emphasized, and this brings about changes in people's way of life and understandings, as well as in how they relate to each other and the landscape. In this context, there are certain tensions and contradictions that underlie the work of social development and cultural heritage that are the mandates of SASI (South African San Institute) in Platfontein. It is essential that projects initiated by NGOs like SASI give cognizance to the complexities of people's lives, histories and story lines. Without this, people's experiences and multifaceted stories are inevitably sidelined to create essentialist narratives that meet the imaginings of tourists and sponsors. There is no doubt that SASI works from an intention of bringing about positive transformation in Platfontein, and has done useful work in the community. The essentialist discourse of the 'indigenous', however, is a ready temptation for NGOs and the groups they represent to adopt, as it is politically expedient to do so in order to gain access to land and resources. This needs to be challenged at the level of policy so that access to geographical space or political power does not necessitate a denial of history or complexity.

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Marais, Kylie. "Mothers matter: a critical exploration of motherhood and development through a video card intervention in a local clinic." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27919.

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New discourses of foetal and infant development, individual well-being and population futures, argue that mothers matter during the first thousand days of a baby's life, which commences from conception to the age of two. Women, particularly (black, working class) pregnant women and mothers, have consequently become the target of several international and local interventions related to maternal and child health (MCH) and early childhood development (ECD). The Together from the Beginning video card is one such intervention that emphasises the value of MCH and ECD, as supported by the latest scientific research, and that presents diverse childcare knowledge and practices to parents and caregivers. The video card intervention was piloted and evaluated over a two-month period in the waiting areas of the antenatal clinic and Midwife's Obstetrics Unit (MOU) at a Community Health Clinic (CHC) situated outside of Cape Town. A total of eighty participants, including sixty pregnant women, eight partners or fathers of their babies, ten nurses and two counsellors, were interviewed and observed during this time. Based on ethnographic research conducted in the clinic, this thesis argues that while mothers do matter in the physical development of babies, mothers are 'developmentally constructed' and thus 'made to matter' through MCH and ECD development discourses and interventions that reinforce and normalise dominant discourses of motherhood. More specifically, it will be shown how three different maternal figures – 'the waiting mother', 'the educated mother', and 'the ideal mother' – were produced, developed and 'made to matter' within public healthcare spaces for the sake of development, which in turn reframed and undermined the time, knowledge, and experiences of these women.

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Hoermann, Lesley. "Accessibility, cultural affiliation and Indian reserve labour force development in Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7906.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the labour force development of Indian reserves in Canada and their physical accessibility to off-reserve communities designated as service centres. The second goal is to examine the relationship between the traditional cultural affiliation of reserves and their labour force development. The diffusionist and dependency development paradigms are considered to place the role of accessibility and cultural affiliation into the context of reserve development. A review of the literature investigating the influence of physical accessibility upon reserve development follows. The traditional Indian culture areas of Canada are introduced, as are the rationale for investigating the roles of these two factors in reserve development. The reserves were then classified into six samples representing cultural affiliation. These are the Iroquoian, Algonkian, Plains, Mackenzie River, Plateau, and Pacific Coast culture areas. Lastly, two culture areas are examined to gain further insight into the nature of differences amongst reserves falling into the same access category. Levels of education and mother tongues spoken in the Algonkian and Pacific Coast culture areas are compared to this end. In conclusion, the major differences amongst the samples are highlighted in terms of the hypotheses posed in this research. Some further avenues of inquiry are then suggested for future research. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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14

Fox, Adam Peter. "Aspects of oral culture and its development in early modern England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272724.

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Fazeli, Nematallah. "Anthropology and politics in the twentieth century Iran : an examination of the genesis and development of Iranian anthropology." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408147.

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Cal, Angel Eduardo. "Rural society and economic development: British mercantile capital in nineteenth-century Belize." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185710.

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Nineteenth-century European industrialization increased the demand for raw resources available in sub-tropical regions. The eastern coast of Central America and the Bay of Campeche had an ample supply of dyewoods used in the textile industry, and mahogany, a durable and precious wood used in the production of railway cars and furniture. British mercantile capital linked the various peoples and activities that were involved in the extractive industry and in the short-lived sugarcane and banana industries. The pre-Columbian regional economic block based on resources such as salt was taken over by the Spaniards during the Contact period. But the tenuous Iberian hold gave way to persistent British buccaneers turned loggers. Eventually, though, British mercantile firms took over the business. These firms monopolized the land, credit and the import business, and exerted considerable influence on the local state. This enclave economy essentially "created" its society, bringing in African slaves and attracting laborers from the region: Garifuna, Miskito, Mestizo and Maya. The Caste War of Yucatan (1847-1901) also sent some 15,000 refugees mostly peasants into Belize. Indentured workers were imported from the 1860s. Except for the blacks, most of the workers and peasants established settlements in the rural areas. The relationship between capital and labor and between capital and the peasantry was marked by both conflict and accommodation. Whereas the firms tried to secure a reliable, cheap, and submissive labor force and tried to "proletarianize" the peasantry with the help of state-backed mechanisms, the nature of the industry: the cultural norms of the Maya peasantry, for example, the strategic alliances among the groups at the frontier and the limited supply of labor made it difficult for capital to have its way. In fact, the Maya's determination to block further British expansion in the northwest eventually undermined the level of business confidence necessary to operate in a turbulent frontier. Mercantile capital withdrew when faced by declining prices. Many workers were repeasantized.

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Sichone, Owen Ben. "Labour migration, peasant farming and rural development in Uwinamwanga." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385335.

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Rossi, Benedetta. "The Keita Project : an anthropological study of international development discourses and practices in Niger." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1679/.

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This thesis is an ethnography of an Integrated Rural Development Project which began its activities in 1984 and is aimed at 'fighting against desertification' in the Ader Doutchi Majiya Region of Niger. The Project is financed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and, until 2000, was implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations. The thesis aims at contributing to our understanding of 'development': how it works; what configurations of power and forms of agency it produces; and how it is perceived by different categories of actors involved in it, including planners, project staff, and the men and women living in the 'intervention area'. The thesis contains nine chapters. Chapter one introduces the thesis' aim, theoretical import and methodological approaches. Chapters two and three provide an introduction to the historical and socio-economic context of the Ader Doutchi Majiya. Chapter four unravels the discourses of development which made the Project and its strategies possible in the early 1980s. Chapter five looks at the concepts and practices of development of project staff, and Chapter six focuses on local people's perceptions and patterns of agency in relation to the Keita Project. Chapters seven and eight compare the discourses and practices of planners, project staff, and local people, with reference to two axes of project 'intervention': gender (Chapter seven) and participation (Chapter eight). Chapter nine concludes the thesis. The thesis contributes to theory in the anthropology of development, bringing together actor-oriented and structural explanations into one analytical framework and arguing that there are limits to the productive pursuit of either on its own. It contributes to anthropological studies of change in West African societies; and it adds new insights to the 'ethnography of aid', making available some 'lessons learned' from the Keita Project to a potentially interdisciplinary audience.

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Hamdhaidari, Shokrollah. "Development and technological change among the Kalhor nomads after the Islamic Revolution of Iran." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244398.

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Ruiz, Ernesto. "Growing Children: The relationship between food insecurity and child growth and development." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5299.

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This dissertation examined the relationship between food security status and cultural congruence and indicators of child growth and development in a rural mountain town in Costa Rica. Results show that children from food secure households are significantly shorter and shorter-legged than their food insecure counterparts. It is theorized that these findings correspond to low quality diets associated with increasing commodification of food systems in rural Costa Rica. Identity-based mechanisms are discussed as potential factors contributing to the increasing commodification of life through the encroachment of the global market economy.

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Harrison, Elizabeth. "Big fish and small ponds : aquaculture development from the FAO, Rome, to Luapula Province, Zambia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295958.

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Clark, Cassandra. "The cost of (Mis)communication : information routes, power struggles and gender in sport for development." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3631.

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Bray, Roderick Neil. "From protest to development : the dynamics of change at the Western Province Council of Churches." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21767.

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Bibliography: pages 179-183.
The Western Province Council of Churches (WPCC) is an ecumenical organisation based in Cape Town which promotes ideals of justice. From 1971 to 1995 it was a branch of the South African Council of Churches. The WPCC regards itself as a non-governmental organisation (NGO), and it is part of the NGO sector. It is funded by foreign donor agencies. This thesis studies the transformation of the WPCC as an organisation. This occurred as a direct result of the political transition in South Africa between 1990 and 1994. The main forces pressing change upon the WPCC during this period were: (i) its commitment to retain relevance in a changing political and social environment according to the principles of contextual theology; (ii) its need to adapt its mode of operation following considerable changes in the context of its work; and, (iii) the most powerful force, the influence of foreign funding agencies upon the nature of its activities.

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Beauclair, Roxanne. "Development and disappointment : an ethnographic study of Kosovo informal settlement's water and sanitation system upgrade." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10086.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-73).
In the context of rapid urbanisation and growing numbers of informal settlements in peri-urban areas of Cape Town, South Africa, a development project was undertaken by the municipality, to provide Kosovo Informal Settlement with a new communal water and sanitation system that uses vacuum sewerage technology. This ethnographic study sought to establish the level of social acceptability of the new infrastructure postupgrade; to monitor how residents used the new and old water and sanitation systems; and to identify any other social or institutional barriers to providing water and sanitation services in similar contexts. It was found that the development project was a complete failure. This dissertation describes the ways in which the municipality engaged with residents and other stakeholders and shows how they contributed to the project's failure.

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Gemignani, Regina. "Gender, reason and agriculture: A hundred years of negotiated development in the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279936.

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The subject of this dissertation is the negotiation of gender relations and ideologies in the matrilineal communities of Mgeta Division in the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania. The dissertation revisits social theories that emphasize the importance of hierarchical binaries such as public/private, and production/reproduction in understanding social inequities. The analysis reworks these theories by focusing on the active construction (and dismantling) of these separate spheres. Through an understanding of the multiple, conflicting and intersecting relations of space, work and gender, the research will describe the active negotiations over the division of labor. Of particular interest is the construction of a "rational masculinity," expressed in development discourse as the wisdom, organization and planning necessary to success in "modern," capitalist agriculture. The study highlights the interconnections between this discourse and rural social histories and conflicts, including the creation of a local elite of farming and business leaders, the organization of state power and relations of rule, and shifts in the meanings and relations of kinship. This dissertation also describes a counter-hegemonic gender discourse in Mgeta that is based in the symbolic and material interdependence between husbands and wives. Ideals of reciprocity and interdependence are invoked through the spatial organization of work and other daily activities, challenging, but at the same time circumscribed by, class and gender hierarchies. In this dialogue between the global and the local, gender ideologies are analyzed not as just an effect or by-product of capitalism, but as a central aspect of the meaningful context in which action takes place (Roseberry 1991:42). In Mgeta there is no single gender ideology following from the single determining force of capitalist agriculture. Instead there are multiple and shifting ideologies that express and shape a whole range of social processes. Here I try to examine some of the intersections and conflicts and the different ways in which the farmers of Mgeta create common sensibilities about self, place and history.

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Mills, David Shane. "The nation's valiant fighters against illiteracy : locating the cultural politics of 'development' in 1990s Uganda." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29437/.

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This dissertation is a partial account of the cultural politics of 'development' in contemporary Uganda, focusing particularly on educational institutions as sites of negotiation of modernity's gendered meanings. Utilising media representations and ethnographic research carried out in both Makerere University and in a rural secondary school, I describe how senses of the 'modern' are produced within colonial and postcolonial discourses on gender, education and the nation. Drawing on theoretical dialogues between cultural geography, social history and anthropology, I argue that historical and spatial relationships are often invoked to locate or contest the moral hierarchies that these understandings of 'progress' or 'development' depend on. By shifting position, perspective and scale, I attempt to make visible the relational production of multiple and cross-cutting Ugandan localities. Recognising the legacies of war, nationalism and religion that shape understandings of 'development' in Uganda today, this thesis is also an attempt at a 'history of the present', describing the way these turbulent pasts are retold and relived. After a brief introduction to anthropology's own troubled history of ethical debate, I discuss the influence of European ethnographies and 'Ganda' oral and textual narratives on Ugandan politics. I describe how, in the bitter aftermath of rural neglect and isolation stemming from the 1980s liberation war, monarchical idioms from Buganda's past have been suddenly reinvigorated within new Buganda nationalisms. Subsequently I interweave transnational and national media imageries with everyday lived experiences - rural school life, a speech day, urban popular music, staffroom gossip and university student romances - to create a sense of the multiple localities within which people create a sense of themselves as being both 'Ugandan' and 'modern'. Exploring the contested and political negotiations of culture in this way reveals both the material and symbolic aspects of the discursive practices of 'development'.

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Quill, Michelle E. "Making it matter: international non-governmental organizations and humanitarian intervention in Bangladesh." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5983.

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The research outlined in this thesis explores the practice of providing humanitarian aid to refugees and displaced persons in Bangladesh. This aid, offered in a limited way by international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) is similar to aid provided to refugees in many other parts of the world, however my research reflects the specificities of research in Bangladesh, the particular conditions of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar (Burma) and the practices of aid work in a Muslim-identified aid organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of this kind of aid as a response to protracted refugee situations. Rohingya refugees, the recipients of this aid, fled to Bangladesh in successive waves beginning in the 1970s, leaving villages in Myanmar where they faced extreme levels of persecution, violence and discrimination. Although the government of Bangladesh initially welcomed the Rohingya, in subsequent years, the government has sought to return Rohingya refugees to Myanmar. Approximately 28,000 refugees remain in two camps run by the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), and another approximately 60,000 refugees (without official refugee status) live in camps run by INGOs. The bulk of my fieldwork was conducted conducted between June 2011 and September 2012 using participant observation, interviews and focus groups in one of these INGO-run camps. Other research on humanitarian aid tends to focus on either the practical challenges of aid work or the philosophical and ethical shortcomings of the system. In this thesis, I examine the day-to-day practices of aid workers, the challenges they face, the contributions they make and the conflicts that arise from their work. This dissertation argues that humanitarian intervention, as it is currently practiced in Bangladesh, while marked by inefficiencies, corruption and conflict, does improve the material lives of the refugees it seeks to assist. I also argue that humanitarian aid, as currently practiced, is fundamentally weakened by the premise that humanitarian crises are short term and by the shared understanding that host countries can set absurdly impossible restrictions on refugees and aid workers. One key contribution I make is to examine the experiences of expatriate aid workers, situating their work as migrant laborers who cope with precarity and the instability of humanitarian crises.

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Dionne, Geneviève. "Development and organisational practice: ethnography at the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO)." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95005.

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Anthropologists have analysed development from several angles: some have critiqued development on the grounds that it is a modernising project, while others have sought to understand relationships between actors in development work and proposed alternative methods of pursuing development. Rarely however, have anthropologists studied up within organisations to analyse the practices and cultures of this community of experts'. This research provides an insider's perspective on the lived experienced' of employees of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), based on having worked as a consultant for FAO's Livelihoods Support Programme (LSP) with permission to conduct this research. The LSP aimed at mainstreaming' livelihoods approaches in FAO, and may be considered as an exercise in alternative development. This ethnography deconstructs the idea of one FAO', revealing the many disjunctures inherent to the organisational structure and the diversity of practitioners employed at HQ and in the field. This aim is achieved through focusing on two themes: a) the complexity and compartmentalisation of the organisation, depicting the organisational context within which employees work; and b) the agency of some professionals who undertake initiatives beyond their prescribed scope of work. Using ethnographic information and empirical observation, this research reports on the heterogeneity of the interactions of employees with FAO's organisational structure. With attention to charismatic, networking and experienced practitioners, the research highlights that professionals are not only' experts: while achieving their tasks, development workers contribute not only their technical knowledge, but also their experience, networking skills and personalities. The research confirms that the structure' itself does not produce work and that the agency and interactions of FAO personnel affect the organisation's work. The capacity of practitioners
Les anthropologues ont analysé le développement sous plusieurs angles : certains l'ont critiqué pour être un projet moderniste, alors que d'autres ont voulu mieux comprendre les relations entre les acteurs du monde du développement et ont proposé des moyens alternatifs de faire du développement. Rarement les anthropologues ont étudié «vers le haut», à l'intérieur même des organisations de développement, afin d'analyser les pratiques et les cultures de cette «communauté d'experts». Ma recherche offre une perspective interne sur «l'expérience vécue» par les employés de l'Organisation pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture des Nations Unies (FAO), après avoir travaillé au sein du Livelihoods Support Programme. Ce programme avait pour but d'intégrer les «livelihoods approaches» dans les pratiques de la FAO, et peut être considéré comme une approche alternative de développement. Cette ethnographie déconstruit l'idée d'une FAO', en révélant la présence de nombreuse «dis-jonctions» appartenant à la structure organisationnelle ainsi que la grande variété des professionnels employés au siège social et sur le terrain. Deux thèmes sont au cur de l'étude : a) la complexité et la compartimentation inhérentes à l'organisation et b) le pouvoir d'agir (agency) des professionnels qui entreprennent des initiatives en plus de leur travail quotidien. L'ethnographie et l'expérience empirique ont permis de documenter l'hétérogénéité des interactions des employés avec la structure organisationnelle. Ainsi, la recherche démontre que les professionnels charismatiques, au centre de réseaux sociaux et expérimentés ne sont pas seulement des «experts» : en plus de leur savoir technique, ils ont également recours à leur expérience, à leurs réseaux, et à leur personnalité. Elle confirme que la structure' elle-même n'est pas productive et que le pouvoir d'agir et les interactions quotidiennes des employés affecte

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Pratten, David Thomas. "From secret societies to vigilantes : identity, justice and development among the Annang of south-eastern Nigeria." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343962.

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Huang, Julia. "Do it yourself development : ambiguity and relational work in a Bangladesh social enterprise." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3352/.

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Young women walk the forefront of transformation as Bangladesh liberalizes its economy, decentralizes its state functions, and submits its poverty-alleviation plans to markets. Targeted by “financial-inclusion” and entrepreneurship-training programs as both the objects and instruments of economic growth, women such as Bangladesh’s iconic “iAgents” navigate the shift from kinship and patronage-based moral economies of development to a detached marketbased one. Cycling through impoverished villages to provide information services via Internetenabled laptop computers and digital medical equipment, iAgents attempt to generate an income sufficient to support their families. This thesis explores the socio-structural features and relational effects of market-driven approaches to poverty alleviation. Situating social enterprise within Bangladesh’s history of development models, it begins with the role of development resources in constituting the country’s new middle classes and patron-client relations. For clients, embarking on ventures such as iAgent represents personal, kinship, and ethical projects of improvement, despite social stigma for engaging in undignified work. As they undergo entrepreneurial training, young women encounter disciplinary devices not as bureaucratic and rationalizing measures but as extensions of the class, gender, and ideological projects of their middle-class social-enterprise superiors. iAgents occupy an ambiguous position between competing community and enterprise models of expectation. These new economic arrangements assert unsteady social positions, relationships, and agentive potential for people in rural Bangladesh. Based on fifteen months of ethnographic fieldwork (April 2013-July 2014), this thesis contributes to the anthropology of economic action. It argues that, contrary to the linear and communicative models of economic activity employed in development projects and academic theories about market devices, structural and relational ambiguity is a primary product of social entrepreneurship and is also necessary for such enterprises to function. Ambiguity serves as a resource used by project actors, in unequal ways, in the relational work of negotiating recognition and authority in precarious circumstances.

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Oendo, Ayuka Waya. "Identity and adaptation : social and political factors in health and development among the Digo of Msambweni, Kenya." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265345.

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The thesis examines the relationship of rural people with the wider society t ~rough their responses to development interventions. In Diga society, as elsewhere, there are integrative tendencies promoting group identity, and adaptive forces encouraging relations with the outside world. Responses to interventions commonly reflect the way people identify themselves socially and politically in relation to the wider society. Diga see their identity in terms of traits and features associated with their religion, social structure, and the history of their interactions with outsiders. An attempt is made to show the role of Diga identity in their participation in women's groups where their behaviour differs considerably from that of their neighbours. Their participation in the South Coast H~ndpump Project is also discussed, as are Diga perceptions of health and disease. It is argued that Diga ideas on disease and its causes are statements of their identity and expressions of their relationship with the environment. These are also reflected in their therapy seeking behaviour which represents views of themselves and their place in the world. It is further suggested that the principles on which therapy seeking is based are also reflected in responses to other programmes. However, it is also argued that the emphasis on some features which the Diga claim as distinctive mainly reflects their position as peasants. The thesis attempts to show that their treatment in this manner is an expression of alienation. It therefore attempts to outline the conditions in which traits are used this way. It is suggested that it is sometimes immaterial what the particular features are, providing that they can be used as marks of identity in situations of deprivation and marg i nality.

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Mangoma, Jaqualine Farai. "The effects on local livelihoods of a Wetland development scheme in a Zimbabwean village : an ethnographic study." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11070.

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This study explores the effect on local livelihoods of the New Gato Wetland Development Project (NGWP) in a rural village in Zimbabwe, in light of a post development critique which has labelled most development as a failure.

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Jayaraman, Jayakumar. "Dental age assessment (DAA) : development and validation of reference dataset for southern Chinese and its application to East Asian populations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207191.

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Age assessment which is an integral part of forensic and clinical practice when assessed using the extent of dental development has proven to be more accurate than other methods. Variations in dental development have necessitated the construction of ethnic specific reference datasets (RDS) to ensure accurate age assessments. Age estimated from ethnically different RDS in southern Chinese subjects has been shown to be inaccurate. A systematic review and meta-analysis from the most commonly used French-Canadian dataset revealed consistent over-estimations of age of global population groups, inferring the need for population specific RDS. A study which compared a group of 400 five years old children born in the 1980s and the 2000s demonstrated that children born in recent decades have more advanced dental development. Hence, only the most recent samples were included in the construction of a RDS for southern Chinese using dental panoramic radiographs of 2306 subjects. The reference dataset was subsequently validated on 484 subjects of southern Chinese origin by conducting dental age assessments (DAA) using un-weighted and weighted methods of dental age calculations. Paired t-test demonstrated that all methods of assessments were able to accurately estimate the age (p>0.05). The overall age differences ranged from -0.01 to 0.11 years for males and -0.03 to 0.10 years for females respectively. In addition, to test the accuracy of different ethnic datasets, 266 southern Chinese subjects for whom age had been estimated using the UK Caucasian and French-Canadian datasets were re-scored using the southern Chinese RDS. The latter was able to estimate the age of 80% of the subjects within a range of 12 months and the importance of population specific reference standards was elucidated. The validated southern Chinese RDS on dental development can thus be used to estimate the age of children and young adults of southern Chinese origin. This RDS was also tested for applicability on the records of 953 subject obtained from Japan, Thailand and Philippines. A similar method of validation was conducted and the southern Chinese RDS estimated the age of Thai males, Filipino and Japanese subjects with a reasonable degree of accuracy. The genetic similarity between the southern Han Chinese and the other East Asian population groups may account for the obtained accuracy. The secular trend study was the first of its kind study in Asia that demonstrated advanced dental maturation in children born in recent decades. Natural calamities that strike East Asia leave thousands of people missing. In those circumstances, dental age assessment using the southern Chinese RDS would help in the process of identifying deceased victims. Furthermore, only half of the children in the world below the age of five years are registered; thus the need for determining age is of foremost importance to safeguard them against age specific crimes. Methods of establishing reference datasets and conducting accurate age assessments that have been investigated and tested in this study indicate that the methodology can be applied to any ethnic population group in the world.
published_or_final_version
Paediatric Dentistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Squires, Sandra Louise. "American plant improvement for African farmers? : an anthropology of technology in development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289332.

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Piker, Joshua Aaron. "The Sinagua and aggregation: an interdisciplinary approach to cultural development." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1316195626.

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Sophocleous, Andry. "Language attitudes towards the Greek-Cypriot dialect : social factors contributing to their development and maintenance." Thesis, Kingston University, 2009. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20260/.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate language attitudes towards the Greek Cypriot Dialect (GCD). This however, can only be achieved if language attitudes towards GCD are examined in relation to language attitudes towards Standard Modern Greek (SMG), the official language of the Republic of Cyprus. Empirical studies in the Greek-Cypriot (GC) setting demonstrate that GCs evaluate their peers more positively when they speak in SMG and less so when they use GCD (Papapavlou 1998, 2001). Hence, the primary questions guiding this research are why GCs evaluate their dialect and its speakers less positively than speakers of SMG and what are the factors contributing to this devaluation. This research is important as not only does it add to the existing literature as regards language attitudes in Cyprus, but it also attempts to examine whether negative language attitudes towards GCD are developed in primary and secondary education and supported by teachers in those settings. Consequently, to study GCs' language attitudes towards GCD it is vital to examine what goes on in the learning environment and whether teachers indeed contribute to GCs' devaluation of the dialect. A variety of mixed research methods were employed in tertiary, secondary, and primary education to examine language attitudes towards language variation and language use. The findings arising from this project suggest that SMG is associated with competence dimensions, whereas GCD is more closely connected with social attractiveness (see Chapters 5 and 6). Nonetheless as proposed in later Chapters, these findings are not merely an outcome of the stance education holds towards the non-standard variety, but also partly an outcome of GCs' bonds of brotherhood with Greeks, the love for their “mother land” ([Mu][eta][tau][epsilon][rho][alpha] [Iota][iota][alpha][tau][rho][iota][delta]) Greece, and the religion they strongly profess to the Orthodox Christian Church (see Vanezis 2000). Hence the need to ‘be’ and ‘feel’ Greek encompasses the need to ‘speak’ Greek.

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Imlah, Alayna. "Assemblages of networks, partnerships and friendships in international development : the case of Malawi and Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8278/.

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This thesis explores the everyday lived experiences of people involved in the relationship between Malawi and Scotland by critically examining the historical relationship between the two countries as well as the contemporary activities, meaning and context of the existing partnerships, relationships and networks. The role of networks and scale are also considered, primarily as they relate to international ‘development’. The research demonstrates that Malawi and Scotland do have a unique relationship, one founded on the legacy of interconnectedness granted by David Livingstone’s memory, and turned into a positive historical narrative. This special relationship has been strengthened through the implementation of a small international ‘development’ fund managed by the Scottish Government and the supporting of networking organisations between Malawi and Scotland, which appear to create spaces and opportunities for people to assemble together and jump scales of activity in communicating across national and international boundaries. As such this relationship based on equality, partnership and friendship between two small counties, one in Southern Africa, one in Northern Europe, offers a hopeful vision for international co-operation, assemblages of people and of partnerships that are truly equal, as long as the ever increasing trend towards neoliberal policies and bureaucracies around ‘development’ are resisted, even rejected.

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Gatter, Philip Neal. "Indigenous and institutional thought in the practice of rural development : a study of an Ushi chiefdom in Luapula, Zambia." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1990. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28625/.

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This thesis presents a critical analysis of rural, especially agricultural, development, viewed as social process. It considers how villagers and formal institutions understand economic activity, and how these differing perspectives inform patterns of practice. First, given that development is nominally about the formulation and implementation of ideas, the possibility of using the concept discourse as originated by Foucault is explored: an approach which treats concept and practice as reciprocally constitutive. The area first examined substantively is technical knowledge of agricultural production in Mabuunba. I show how techniques can be conceptually differentiated between "traditional" village methods and institutional interventions. This is followed by an exegesis of village political economy, stressing how kinship provides the foundation for an economy strongly premised on distributive processes. The third section examines the various formal institutions at work in the village, stressing a contrastive emphasis on the productive processes in themselves, particularly in relation to cash crop maize. Chapter nine then takes up the theme of productionism and distributionism as expressed in the political activities of the chief, to show how these different foci are arenas for the operation of power. The final chapter reviews the evidence, concluding that intervention articulated through maize (productionism) very closely resembles a Foucauldian discourse. Ideas about how maize should be grown are beginning to inform a new subjectivity for the grower: the modern, developed farmer who applies quantitative standards to the evaluation of production and people. It is shown how the discourse approach complements a more traditional Marxist one: by specifying the embodied processes through which capital becomes effective, and allowing for an ideological element in the determination of how people think and act, without granting ideology unqualified hegemonic status. Discourse in relation to agricultural research is reconsidered, suggesting some new ways forward, mindful of the limitations which productionism imposes.

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Didham, Robert J. "Making sustainable development a reality : a study of the social processes of community-led sustainable development and the buy-out of the Isle of Gigha, Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2207.

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This thesis examines the concept of sustainable development with a primary focus on its advancement and implementation at a local level. The local level is identified as the site where significant potential exists for people to engage directly in the practice of sustainable development. Community is analysed as the social network where meaningful associations between people and place are established. The cultural transformation of values and ideologies that frame development trajectories is examined as an important means for achieving lasting change towards sustainable development. This work is based on original ethnographic research that was conducted on the Isle of Gigha, Scotland following the community buy-out of the island that occurred in 2002. While working with the Isle of Gigha Heritage Trust and the development process for the island, research was carried out, employing the methods of participatory action research and co-operative inquiry, over a year and a half. This research concentrated on analysing the social processes that were enacted on the Isle of Gigha to increase the community’s ability to better plan and manage a programme of sustainable development. The idea of sustainable development for Gigha that recognises the natural heritage and cultural heritage as its primary assets is a strongly supported ideal among the members of the community. However, to formulate social processes that allowed for the active participation of the island’s population in development planning proved difficult, requiring regular scrutiny and revision. Community development engenders sustainability because the important criteria for individual support of sustainable development—which includes active participation and citizenship, care for the environment, and human well-being—are learned at a local level through a strong and supportive community. Three social processes are identified from the Gigha case study as significant for the ability of people at a local level to participate in sustainable development: forms of decision making, planning sustainable development, and the professional facilitation of community-led development. These social processes establish the three main themes of this work. Though this work focuses extensively at a local level, it also acknowledges that a thorough examination of sustainable development requires a critical analysis of global development trends and the ideologies that frame and define meanings of development and social progress. Thus, each of the three social processes is approached through three distinct analytical lenses: a critical analysis of socio-cultural development trends, a local analysis based on the Gigha case study, and a discussion of how these processes can be strengthened to establish social systems/infrastructures that encourage sustainable practices and behaviours. The majority of works discussing sustainable development describe the scientific and technological pathways for its increase. It is argued in this work that significant improvements for sustainable development require social change and direct transformation of values/ideologies that frame our understanding of the world and humanity’s development within it. This work examines how the identified social processes can be structured to support experiential learning and critical praxis at a local level thus creating a stronger understanding of the sustainable development imperative. An analysis of the agency and capacity of communities to produce their own programmes of sustainable development is presented in order to demonstrate how individual values of ownership, responsibility and accountability are engendered to create a stronger awareness and commitment towards transformative social change. This analysis also addresses how professionals/practitioners can facilitate this type of lasting change towards sustainability.

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Noach-Patty, Maria Agustina. "Gender, development and social change in Rote, eastern Indonesia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5880.

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This thesis explores gender relations in the island of Rote in Indonesia. It examines Rotenese social organization and the role of women in development. In this case the researcher is of the same culture of the people being studied: the analysis is derived from social science informed by local knowledge. The thesis argues that gender relations among the Rotenese have a complementary nature. Rotenese society and culture have been subjected to many dualistically inclined interpretations. In this analysis of Rotenese social organization dualism is shown to be fundamental to all aspects of Rotenese life. Gender relations, therefore, are discussed in terms of a binary category. It is impossible to study women in isolation from men because in the Rotenese cultural context they function as a pair. This dualism, which at first sight gives a sense of opposition between male and female, and between 'outer house' (male) and 'inner house' (female) domains, is revealed on closer examination as a complementary relationship, in which the two halves, men and women, make a complete whole. The main themes considered in this thesis are as follows: (i) The political system of Rote from the colonial past to the present is discussed by reference to its dualistic orientation. (ii) Kinship is examined in terms of male descent and female affiliation. A closer examination of the Rotenese marriage transactions reveals the high status of women. (iii) The gender division of work in the 'inner house' is described in detail as a female domain. It is then shown that there is a blurring of the boundary between the 'inner house and the 'outer house'. (iv) The gender division of work in the 'outer house' is described as a male domain, but in response to development, there is an increasing participation of women in this male domain. (v) The combination of national development and Indonesian nation-building also influences gender relations in Rote, and this is considered together with the role of Rotenese women in development. Finally, it is stressed that the analyst's evaluation of male and female contributions to the family is not necessarily the way Rotenese perceive or make sense of their gender relations.

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Nambiar, Divya. "Skill development and youth aspirations in India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:10b8396b-9101-46e4-ac7f-b720562fdec3.

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This doctoral thesis features two kinds of skill-training programmes implemented in Tamil Nadu (India) drawing on 18 months of fieldwork. The first explores how Nokia recruits and trains semi-skilled youth to work as Operators, in the Nokia SEZ, in Sriperumbudur. I contrast this with the case of Project SEAM: a state-funded skill-training programme, implemented by a private firm through a public-private partnership (PPP). SEAM trains rural, below-poverty-line youth, to work as sewing machine operators in India’s burgeoning garment clusters. I argue that contemporary India’s development trajectory is characterised by the confluence between an increasingly pluralised network state and rapidly proliferating network enterprises, which work together to establish new workplaces and design and implement skill-training programmes for India’s rural poor. Skill-training is used as a lens to examine the complex, symbiotic relationship between these two actors, who drive these new initiatives. Skill development programmes are predicated on the idea that aspiration is a positive, transformative force – a view that is echoed by social scientists like Appadurai (2004; 2013). I demonstrate how the network state and network enterprise, shape and mould youth aspirations, across the skill-training cycle: transforming (within mere weeks) unemployed, unskilled rural youth – into semi skilled workers, ready to work in the manufacturing sector. Youth aspirations are consciously heightened as a marketing strategy, to maximize enrollments into skill-training programmes. Aspiration is also actively taught as a valuable soft-skill, that young people must possess, to become a part of India’s new workplaces. Through an exploration of how young people encounter such initiatives, I question the idea that aspirations are positively transformational. I highlight the tension in youth experience - between aspirations elevated by the training program, and factory work’s harder realities - to illustrate the dark side of aspiration: characterized by disillusionment, disappointment and personal failure.

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Weinberg, Marina. "Back to national development| State policies and indigenous politics in Northwestern Argentina." Thesis, State University of New York at Binghamton, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3612851.

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This dissertation contributes to debates on processes of state formation and their relationship to indigenous policies and politics in Argentina. It analyzes and compares two major political economic configurations of the state: the neoliberal from 1989 to 2001, and the so-called "post-neoliberal" from the 2001 national crisis to the present. The study analyzes anthropologically how these two state models shaped strategies concerning the indigenous population that reflected specific political and economic orientations and interests; and conversely, the ways in which indigenous peoples have experienced continuities and variations between the two periods, as well as the changing indigenous' strategies resulting from these political fluctuations. While much has been written on the nature of the post-neoliberal state in indigenous regions for the Bolivian case and Ecuador, the Argentine experience has been largely overlooked, due perhaps to the strong state-led homogenizing tradition which has obscured the country's multiethnic character. If we assume that we are indeed witnessing a change of epoch in some Latin American nations, and that there is an evident process of recovery of state functions, the novelty and contribution of this dissertation will be to explore not only the nature of those claims but also to expand on de Sousa Santos' proposal: Which kind of state is back? (de Sousa Santos 2010). Which are the characteristics of this novel state model? To what extent it is it actually (and entirely) "new" or if it is taking/using elements, strategies and procedures of the prior neoliberal phase. And if so, which elements of neoliberalism still persist in this new political era and which ones are different from that period. Finally, this dissertation contributes to the bottom-up perspective, while analyzing the state considering societal mediators, societal actors that interface with the state. This inclusion allows us to observe in a very detailed manner the ways in which these actors shape and negotiate hegemony and state from below, while also being part of the state structure.

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Hernandez, Michael David. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AFRICAN AMERICAN MUSEUM: ANTHROPOLOGY AND MUSEUM PRACTICES AT WORK." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/523.

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This work focuses on the use of anthropological and museum theory, methods and practices in the development and construction of a museum. It also illustrates how museums can be used as active research sites for anthropologists. This dissertation uses the Hotel Metropolitan Museum, a new African American museum in Paducah, Kentucky, as an example to demonstrate this research process. I approach this work as a museum professional and academic making a living outside the safety of the "Ivory Tower." I examine how the use of anthropological theories, case studies and methods can be used to help independent consultants understand interpersonal interaction/communication, community development and political structure. Also, I examine how these theories and methods can be applied and/or modified to construct situations that result in outcomes beneficial to the consultant and to the group for which s/he is working.

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Doherty, Grace. "Exclusionary Development Knowledge and Accessibility in Rural Morocco." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10620470.

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In recent decades, there has been an increased awareness of the concentration of the poor in rural and underdeveloped areas and increased attention to scaled economic and multi-dimensional assessments as tools for targeting rural poverty. While this has led to new forms of development intervention in previously neglected regions across the Global South, in Morocco this system of poverty reduction continues to exclude key sites and stakeholders. This thesis asks how local state offices and non-state actors participate in or disrupt the structural systems of development in Morocco and what potential these local communities have for contributing to standardized knowledge production of poverty and development. I use participatory mapping workshops, interviews, and “studying up” strategies to answer questions of access – physical and social – to development planning and interventions. My findings indicate that the Moroccan rural development complex is structurally exclusionary to remote rural communities. The state and its partners have portrayed rural spaces as quickly rising out of poverty thanks to their decentralized and participatory development schemes, yet incongruently, local recipients in the least accessible areas live in spaces devoid of interventions. With all development practices inherently tied to state standards, any oversight or exclusion by state targeting is magnified by the same oversight of its development partners. The scale of targeting and evaluation in international metrics has contributed to this neglect, and the unfortunate result has been a feedback loop of inaccessibility for remote rural pockets of the country. I explain why one spatial indicator, village accessibility to social services, is an appropriate addition to poverty assessments and development targeting, drawing from my conversations with villagers in rural Tinghir Province and the results of my geospatial analysis.

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Boswell, Rosabelle. "Producing knowledge or building 'regimes' of truth? : a critical study of two community based organisations and a development facilitation Agency in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19706.

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This study is based on research carried out at the request of the Community and Urban Services Support Project (CUSSP). The research formed part of the internship programme for the Practical Anthropology course at the University of Cape Town, and involved an investigation into the communication strategies employed by community based organisations in two selected areas in the Western Cape, namely, Franschhoek and New Rest (Guguletu). The thesis is a self-reflexive account of the research period and it explores how the acceptance of participatory approaches to development, and, conflicting interpretations of the term 'participation' can be constructed, maintained and reproduced; resulting in potential conditions which support processes of domination. Reflexivity involves a systematic and continuous analysis of the research process. To do this one should not necessarily aim to learn more about oneself (although this is an inevitable result of field work) but continuously to move from the 'intensely personal experience of one's own social interactions ... to the more distanced analysis of that experience for an understanding of how identities are negotiated, and [particularly for this thesis] how social categories, boundaries and hierarchies and processes of domination are experienced and maintained' (Wright & Nelson 1995:48).

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Ahmed, Zahir. "Knowledges, risk and power : agriculture and development discourse in a coastal village in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302311.

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Fountain, Philip Michael. "Translating Service: An Ethnography of the Mennonite Central Committee." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8640.

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This thesis examines the work of the Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) in Indonesia. In describing the inner workings of MCC it draws on a diverse range of historical and contemporary sources as well twenty-two months of ethnographic field research. The argument focuses on two themes. First, it explores the ways in which the practices of MCC are informed by the Anabaptist-Mennonite Christian religious tradition in North America. The influences of Mennonite vernacular theologies, identities and practices are far-reaching. Particularly important is the idea of service, which constitutes a distinctive Mennonite paradigm of development. Second, the thesis analyses processes of translation. MCC is an interstitial organisation located between different socio-cultural milieux. The factors propelling North American Mennonite donor participation in MCC must be translated into Indonesian contexts. Because translation involves both transference and transforma tion, MCC's work is dynamic and unpredictable. Therefore, while Mennonite religion is deeply influential, actual practice in Indonesia involves collaborations with a range of actors who come from different positions. In exploring the practices of translation in MCC the thesis pays attention to the place of individuals and relationships. In doing so, it highlights the agency of people in the midst of wider networks and processes. The thesis interrogates the debate regarding the place of religion in the international development system. It argues that the historical expulsion of religion by mainstream development actors and also much of the interest in the current resurgence of religion are examples of an artificial bounding of religion as separate from a supposedly neutral secular domain. Rather than assuming a universal and essentialised definition of religion, the thesis is grounded in the particularities of how a specific religious tradition informs one particular actor. The influences of Mennonite religion on MCC are traced through time and in interconnections across cultural difference. The 'friction' of these cross-cultural encounters is profoundly generative. This necessitates close and detailed studies rather than simplistic generalisations. By examining the diverse ways in which Mennonite religion permeates throughout MCC's work in Indonesia the thesis challenges those who continue to question whether religion has a legitimate place in development activity.

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Curtis, Kelley. "Designing Interactive Multimedia for the Anthropology Exhibit Gallery." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000079.

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Frkovich, Ann Marie. "A young idler, an old beggar| Chinese nationals in US classrooms and the pedagogical significance of globalization." Thesis, DePaul University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3708767.

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Over fifty thousand Chinese students are leaving China to study in US high schools. This interview-based, narrative inquiry study focuses on the experience of ten Chinese nationals now studying at a US high school and expands work done in comparative pedagogy by offering thick descriptions of the school experience in two cultures. This study makes the case that China’s changing culture is reflected in the stories and school histories of Chinese students who experience pedagogy as significantly different in China and the US. The push that drives students out of China includes high-stakes testing and public ranking systems and the individual success of students within these systems. Students’ experience school in China as a symbiotic relationship between teachers, students, and schools, which often manifests in culturally located methods for efficient study, including achievement collaboration—wherein actors work together for mutual success. It is within this context that many students are pulled to study in the US in order to take up a certain degree of cultural rebellion, wherein they perceive that US schools have the resources to provide for broader constructions of school success than in China. This study illuminates how these students then gain new knowledge around how to be successful in school in two cultures and how to better navigate global education mobility. It is in this way that Chinese students become conduits of change. They influence the curricula, programming, and services offered at the schools they attend in both countries, emphasizing how cross-border mobility (re)shapes the identities and values around education for all involved, from individual students and schools to educational policy and reform. This study engages how schools in the US are meeting the needs of these students in both policy and practice, and lends nuance to the literature around intercultural education and the impact of globalization on pedagogy.

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Muzzio, Alejandro. "Tourism, development, representation, and struggle on the north coast of Honduras." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/7087.

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This dissertation documents a Garifuna community in transition as it seeks to attain international protection as an indigenous community. The Garifuna, an Afro-Indigenous group, have farmed and fished along the Caribbean Coast of Honduras for more than two hundred years, and they are attempting to protect access to natural resources that have been privatized and limited by development programs. Local Garifuna activists have mobilized community members to safeguard local resources by ensuring that community-held land titles are honored and that the community is preserved as culturally Garifuna. While tourism has been a major driver for the region economically, using the Garifuna culture and natural resources as attractions, the benefits have not been equitably distributed. Claims of economic success through tourism do not match the actual lived realities of community livelihoods, land use, local politics, development, and community discourses.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic '160101 Anthropology of Development'

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