Dissertations / Theses on the topic '16 secolo'

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1

TORTORA, SIMONA. "I Pisani "Dal Banco" : committenza architettonica nella seconda meta del 16. secolo." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278487.

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2

SANSONE, SANDRA. "Per tutti questi re c'ho passato : Filippo Terzi e l'architettura di fine 16. secolo a Lisbona." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278655.

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3

MORETTI, SILVIA. "Da informe periferia a frammento di città : i Domenicani a SS. Giovanni e Paolo tra 13. e 16. secolo." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278404.

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4

Dimartino, Rita <1981&gt. "Studio analitico della cultura materiale fra VII e IX secolo d.C. nella Regione di Samarcanda (Uzbekistan): analisi morfo-tipologica, produzione e commercio della ceramica di Kafir Kala." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4125/1/Dimartino_Rita_tesi.pdf.

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Kafir Kala is a key-site to understand the historical dynamics of the Samarkand Region in the Early Middle Ages (5th - 8th centuries CE). The site is clearly associated with a Sogdian occupation, as both literature and archaeological research testify. But the chronological phase that follows the Sogdian period, as the Islamic occupation became stable, is still little known. Structures and finds (an hoard of 133 silver coins, in particular) clearly testify a new occupation of some parts of the citadel; and some rooms, dug in the northern side of it, present structures and materials connected with an Islamic activity. The study of material culture from these rooms, and from more ancient contexts, will help to understand the eventual continuity of traditions and the new productions. Besides the citadel, as a matter of fact, also some kilns have been dug, near the main site. Their material culture is very interesting because it represents an example of the typical Sogdian production (ceramics covered with white mica, and stamped). The work on the ceramic material has consisted in cataloguing and classifying all the diagnostics. Three main morphological classes have been individuated: cooking, coarse and table ware), and some other ones (lamps, ossuaries). A catalogue of the finds organized them in a typological system based on their morphology, function, fabric, and eventually decoration style. Crossing the stratigraphical data with information from this typological study, it has been possible to provide a chronological arrangement of the sites investigated by the italo-uzbek archaeological mission from 2001 to 2008.
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5

Dimartino, Rita <1981&gt. "Studio analitico della cultura materiale fra VII e IX secolo d.C. nella Regione di Samarcanda (Uzbekistan): analisi morfo-tipologica, produzione e commercio della ceramica di Kafir Kala." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4125/.

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Kafir Kala is a key-site to understand the historical dynamics of the Samarkand Region in the Early Middle Ages (5th - 8th centuries CE). The site is clearly associated with a Sogdian occupation, as both literature and archaeological research testify. But the chronological phase that follows the Sogdian period, as the Islamic occupation became stable, is still little known. Structures and finds (an hoard of 133 silver coins, in particular) clearly testify a new occupation of some parts of the citadel; and some rooms, dug in the northern side of it, present structures and materials connected with an Islamic activity. The study of material culture from these rooms, and from more ancient contexts, will help to understand the eventual continuity of traditions and the new productions. Besides the citadel, as a matter of fact, also some kilns have been dug, near the main site. Their material culture is very interesting because it represents an example of the typical Sogdian production (ceramics covered with white mica, and stamped). The work on the ceramic material has consisted in cataloguing and classifying all the diagnostics. Three main morphological classes have been individuated: cooking, coarse and table ware), and some other ones (lamps, ossuaries). A catalogue of the finds organized them in a typological system based on their morphology, function, fabric, and eventually decoration style. Crossing the stratigraphical data with information from this typological study, it has been possible to provide a chronological arrangement of the sites investigated by the italo-uzbek archaeological mission from 2001 to 2008.
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6

NAKASHIMA, LILIAN MASSUMIE. "Il Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide: il progetto di Francesco Borromini e l'architettura di collegi e opere pie a Roma tra il 16. e il 17. secolo." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278507.

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7

Stefani, Riccardo <1992&gt. "LA CAPITALIZZAZIONE DEL LEASING OPERATIVO SECONDO L'IFRS 16." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12797.

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la tesi si propone di analizzare il nuovo principio contabile internazionale IFRS 16-leases. L'obiettivo è quello di confrontare le differenti modalità di contabilizzazione esisenti tra il nuovo principio e l'IAS 17 anche attraverso l'analisi dell'impatto della capitalizzazione del leasing operativo nel bilancio di un campione di societàù quotate. il lavoro è stato diviso in 4 capitoli: nel primo viene introddotto l'operazione di leasing e analizzato l'IAS 17; nel secondo vengono spiegati i motivi che hanno portato all'elaborazione dell'IFRS 16 dettagliando le varie tappe; nel terzo si entra nel dettaglio di tale principio contabile; infine nel 4 si analizzano gli effetti delle differenti modalità di contabilizzazione del leasing attraverso l'analisi dei bilanci di un campione di società quotate.
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8

Baker, Amanda A. "Pronunciation Pedagogy: Second Language Teacher Cognition and Practice." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/alesl_diss/16.

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Over the past few decades, increasing research has examined the cognitions (knowledge and beliefs) of second language (L2) teachers. Such efforts have provided insight into what constitutes teachers' beliefs and knowledge about teaching, how these cognitions have developed and how they are reflected in classroom practice (see Borg, 2006). Although numerous studies have been conducted into the curricular areas of L2 grammar and, to a lesser extent, L2 literacy, far fewer have examined L2 teachers' cognitions concerning L2 pronunciation instruction. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to explore some of the dynamic relationships that exist between L2 teachers’ cognitions and actual pedagogical practices, how these cognitions have developed over time, and what relationships exist between both students’ and teachers’ perceptions. In the study, the cognitions and practices - as they relate to the teaching of L2 pronunciation - of five experienced teachers in an Intensive English program were investigated. The teachers participated in three types of data collection procedures over one semester - three semi-structured interviews, five classroom observations, and two stimulated recall interviews. Also, their students completed questionnaires. Findings revealed that, in terms of the development of teachers' cognitions, a graduate course dedicated to pronunciation pedagogy had the greatest impact of the teachers’ cognitions. In addition, all teachers experienced some degree of insecurity about teaching pronunciation. This was especially true for teachers who had never taken a course in pronunciation pedagogy. Yet even those teacher with specific training in pronunciation pedagogy lacked confidence in certain areas, especially in how to diagnose and address problems with pronunciation. Furthermore, some of the teachers were hesitant to assess students' pronunciation, fearing that negative feedback might be damaging to the learners' identities. However, through viewing the results of the student questionnaires, the participant-teachers were surprised to learn that students favored receiving explicit feedback in class in front of their peers over other types of feedback. One final major finding was that the teachers predominantly employed controlled techniques when teaching pronunciation and that, of all the techniques used, guided techniques were used less frequently.
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9

Sheehan, Kristen I. "The Impact of Direct Writing Conventions Instruction on Second Grade Writing Mechanics Mastery." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2015. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/fse_etd/16.

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This applied dissertation was designed to determine the impact of direct writing conventions instruction on second grade writing mechanics mastery at an independent school in southeast Florida. The research study utilized a nonexperimental quantitative method. The design was pretest-posttest with a control. The pretest-posttest assessment was the Children’s Progress Academic Assessment. The score utilized in the analysis was the Phonics/Writing subtest. De-identified data were collected and analyzed from two separate second grade classes from two consecutive school years (i.e., 2011-2012, 2012-2013). The control group consisted of 43 second graders who received writing conventions instruction in the context of student writing during individual and small group conferences. The control group received no direct writing conventions instruction. The treatment group consisted of 39 second graders who received direct writing conventions instruction through the use of mini-lessons during the writing workshop. An analysis of the de-identified data revealed that, although the treatment group mean change score had a positive change greater than the control group change score, the change was not statistically significant. The researcher failed to reject the null hypothesis relative to a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Recommendations were made for future research.
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10

Silvestri, Stefania <1986&gt. "Le Bibbie ebraiche della penisola iberica : committenza, produzione e diffusione tra i secoli 13. e 16." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3059.

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La ricerca che si presenta mira all’analisi di alcuni esemplari di Bibbie ebraiche copiate nella penisola iberica nei secoli XIII-XV, attualmente disperse in numerosi archivi, musei, biblioteche e collezioni. La ricerca si sofferma sullo studio della produzione del manoscritto, analizzato in modo globale, come oggetto materiale, e sullo studio della diffusione del manoscritto e del suo uso come oggetto di intercambio, compravendita e eredità. L’analisi si centra sulle delle annotazioni esterne al testo biblico, ovvero i colophon e le note posteriori al momento della copia. Questa ricerca quindi vorrebbe fornire nuovi dati e informazioni alla conoscenza dei manoscritti attraverso l’analisi di questi tre aspetti, quello della committenza e della produzione e quello della diffusione delle Bibbie.
The aim of this research is to analyze various Hebrew Bibles copied in the Iberian Peninsula between the 13th and 15th centuries, nowadays kept in many archives, museums, libraries and collections. This study focuses on manuscript production, analyzed globally, as a material object, and on its circulation and use. The analysis concentrates on the numerous notes written in the black pages of the codices: colophons, deeds and annotations. This research thus would like to offer new data to our knowledge of manuscripts, through the study of these three aspects: production, patronage and circulation of Hebrew Bibles.
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11

Pangault, Laurence. "Interaction des neutrons lents avec le second état isomérique Kπ=16+ de l'isotope 178Hf." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10316.

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12

Cal, Riccardo <1992&gt. "La rappresentazione del leasing secondo i principi contabili internazionali: La pubblicazione dell’IFRS 16 Leases." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11525.

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Frutto del progetto “Exposure draft Leases” avviato a metà degli anni Novanta, la recente pubblicazione da parte dell’International Accounting Standard Board del nuovo standard per la contabilizzazione dei leasing, l’IFRS 16, ha portato alla stesura di questo elaborato. Considerata la storica e crescente importanza delle operazioni di leasing per le società, viene fornita una panoramica sull’attuale standard internazionale, lo IAS 17, e un’analisi del nuovo trattamento contabile che avrà efficacia applicativa a partire dal 1° Gennaio 2019. Le critiche mosse dall’ambiente economico fanno leva sull’inadeguatezza dello IAS 17 a rappresentare i contratti di locazione all’interno dei bilanci societari in quanto, sulla base della distinzione tra leasing operativo e leasing finanziario si origina una differente contabilizzazione dell’operazione. Il diverso trattamento contabile crea uno sbilancio a favore dei leasing operativi, i quali permettono alle società di non riportare nel bilancio i valori derivanti dall’operazione. Così organizzata, questa disciplina non consente alle società di presentare una disclosure veritiera e corretta, creando talvolta un danno agli utilizzatori dei bilanci che si trovano a dover apportare delle modifiche per rendere i dati fruibili e comparabili. L’IFRS 16 sostituisce l’approccio risk and reward proposto dal precedente standard con il right of use model, il quale, anziché presentare nei bilanci i valori in base all’attribuzione dei rischi e dei benefici alle parti contrattuali, dà evidenza della sostanza economica dell’operazione che è comune ad entrambe le fattispecie di leasing, allineandone dunque la rappresentazione.
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13

Larsson, Lindberg Britta. "Discerning the Receiver : A learning study with inexperienced writers aged 14-16." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, Communication, Culture & Diversity @ JU (CCD@JU), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48219.

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The overall aim of the present study is to develop knowledge of Swedish students’ writing in English, and how teaching of a specific kind of writing can be designed and enacted. The study focuses on what the students need to discern in order to develop a more differentiated knowledge of how to adapt a message to an unknown receiver—in this case a message for a person at a hotel. The research question addressed is how aspects of text and receiver can be varied and explored by teachers and students jointly in order to expand the students’ capability to adapt a text to an unknown receiver. The study is based on transcribed lesson data from a learning study, which is a research approach where teachers and researchers work together in an iterative process to understand and improve teaching and learning of a specific object of learning. The research question was explored in five cycles with five different groups. Thirty-four Swedish students, 14–16 years of age, from a special school for students with dyslexia and neuropsychiatric disorders, participated in the study. The theoretical framework of the study was variation theory. A basic assumption of variation theory is that, in order to develop a certain piece of knowledge, it is critical to discern some particular aspects of that knowledge. To enable the discernment of such aspects, they must be made discernible by means of variation. The results show that a short message, used as an example, needs to be deconstructed into its aspects. Once the students had discerned the concept of the receiver, they started to contrast ways to express the same content for known and unknown receivers. With the help of the concept of the receiver, the students explored the aspects amount of information, politeness, and formality together with the teachers. Each aspect needed to be focused on separately but within the framing whole of the specific context, that is, writing a message to a hotel. The findings also show that certain aspects on the macro-level were possible to discern when two texts were compared, whereas other aspects on the micro-level, such as modal verbs, had to be varied against the background of an invariant clause in order for the students to discern them.
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14

Lima, Patricia Helen. "Projeto sustentável: exigência para o seculo XXI. Percepção do projeto sustentável na produção imobiliária atual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16138/tde-27042010-100121/.

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A atuação dos arquitetos no sistema dominante do mercado imobiliário nos últimos anos é praticamente inexistente. O ritmo adotado nos processos de incorporação transformou o projeto em produto imobiliário, sem qualidade e sem identidade na cidade, respondendo apenas à taxa de retorno dos empreendimentos. Recentemente, com grandes investimentos no setor da construção e o aquecimento do mercado, o processo de desenvolvimento do produto defronta-se com as questões da sustentabilidade, tema este que tem sido amplamente explorado globalmente, e onde o setor da construção civil participa com parcela de grandes proporções no consumo de energia, geração de resíduos e emissões de carbono no planeta. O momento, portanto, passou a exigir mudanças efetivas dos agentes da construção civil, e para este estudo, fez-se uma abordagem da organização atual das empresas de projeto, construção e incorporação, da sua adaptação frente às novas exigências e das ações adotadas, elucidando as questões da sustentabilidade do edifício associadas ao projeto, que por trazerem princípios intrínsecos às características da arquitetura, representam um novo paradigma do projeto arquitetônico na produção atual e a efetiva participação do arquiteto na construção imobiliária.
The architects role in the dominant system of the real estate market in the latest years is practically non-existent. The rhythm adopted in the incorporation process transformed the Project in a real estate product without quality and identity in the city, answering only to the rate of the return on the business. Recently, with big investments in the construction sector and the heating up of the market, the product development process faces sustainability questions, a theme which has been extensively explored globally, and where the civil construction sector participates with a part of large proportions, in the consumption of energy, generating residuals and carbon dioxide emissions in the planet. The moment, therefore, moved on to requiring effective changes from the civil construction agents, and for this study, the actual organization of the project, construction and incorporation companies, their adaptation facing new requirements and actions adopted, explaining the sustainability questions of the building associated with the Project, was borded, which by bringing intrinsic principles, characteristic of the architecture, represent a new paradigm of the architectural Project, in the current production and in the effective participation of the architect in the real estate construction.
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15

Guerrini, Giacomo <1987&gt. "Modellazione del processo di rettifica a secco per generazione di ingranaggi di impiego automobilistico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8335/1/Tesi%20Dottorato_Giacomo%20Guerrini.pdf.

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La seguente tesi presenta il lavoro svolto durante il dottorato, focalizzato sulla definizione di un modello per la simulazione e l’ottimizzazione del processo di rettifica a secco di ingranaggi per impiego automobilistico. L’obiettivo dello studio è quello di sviluppare una strategia di modellazione che consenta una simulazione del processo di rettifica. La simulazione dovrà essere impiegata in ambito industriale per ottimizzare i parametri di processo al fine di ottenere particolari di elevata qualità, privi di difetti geometrici e metallurgici. Gli elevati requisiti di accuratezza dovranno essere ottenuti assicurando volumi produttivi competitivi rispetto a quelli tipici dei processi lubrificati. Il problema è stato articolato su due livelli gerarchici. Un primo livello ha previsto lo studio e la modellazione delle interazioni tra un singolo grano abrasivo ed il materiale in lavorazione al fine di calcolare le forze di taglio e predire la quantità di energia termica sviluppata durante l’asportazione di materiale. In un secondo livello di modellazione si sono applicati i risultati conseguiti nella prima fase alla geometria complessa di un dente di ingranaggio ed alla cinematica del processo di generazione. In questa fase si sono calcolate le temperature raggiunte sul componente rettificato ed il gradiente termico generato durante il contatto mola-pezzo per determinare l’insorgenza di danneggiamenti termici del materiale. I due modelli, consentono di predire lo stress termico cui è soggetto l’ingranaggio durante la rettifica a secco consentendo un’ottimizzazione dei parametri di taglio al fine di ottenere la massima produttività. L’intero dottorato è stato condotto in collaborazione con Samputensili Machinetools ed ha visto la diretta applicazione industriale delle tematiche affrontate. Test sperimentali sono stati condotti nei laboratori del Georgia Tech di Atlanta, USA e del RWTH Aachen, Germania, per la validazione del modello microscopico mentre le prove di produzione e la validazione del modello macroscopico è stata effettuata presso Samputensili.
The following thesis presents work done during the Ph.D., focused on definition of a model for simulation and optimization of a new dry grinding process for automotive gears. The objective of the study is to develop a model that allows a virtual simulation of gear grinding. The simulation must be applied to an industrial scenario to optimize process parameters and high quality parts, free from geometric and metallurgical defects. The high accuracy requirements typical of gears for automotive applications must be obtained by ensuring competitive production volumes compared to those typical of lubricated processes. In order to address the unique challenges of grinding, further complicated by the specific characteristics of gear grinding, the problem has been divided into two hierarchical levels. A first level involved the study and modeling of interactions between a single abrasive grain and the material being processed to calculate the characteristic cutting forces and predict the amount of thermal energy developed during material removal. In a second level the results obtained in the first phase were applied to the complex geometry of a gear tooth and kinematics of the generation process. In this phase, temperatures attained on the ground component and the thermal gradient generated during grinding were calculated to determine the occurrence of thermal damage to the material. The two models, working in synergy, allow prediction of the thermal stress to which the gear is subject during dry grinding, allowing optimization of the cutting parameters to obtain maximum productivity. The entire doctorate was conducted in collaboration with Samputensili Machinetools and saw the direct industrial application of the issues addressed. Experimental tests were carried out in the laboratories of Georgia Tech in Atlanta, USA and RWTH Aachen, Germany, for validation of the cutting model. Production tests and validation of the thermal model were performed at Samputensili.
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16

Favaro, Lorenzo. "Selection and genetic improvement of microorganisms for second generation bioethanol." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426951.

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Bioethanol produced from biomass is considered an interesting second generation biofuel. To date a cost-effective method for converting biomass into ethanol has not been developed. Consolidated BioProcessing is one of the most attractive strategies aiming to obtain ethanol from biomass by a single microbial phase. In this study, the selection and genetic improvement of microbial strains started in order to develop a microbe for the one-step bioconversion of biomass into ethanol. New efficient cellulolytic microrganisms were isolated and genetically identified. Their hydrolytic activities were remarkable and few strains may have also improvable ethanol production properties. Four hundred wild type yeasts, having optimal fermentative performance, were evaluated for their extracellular enzymatic activities. The yeasts showed interesting hydrolytic activity on pectin, cellulose and starch. In particular, one non-Saccharomyces strain produced efficient cellulolytic enzymes and thirteen S. cerevisiae strains, able to use starch as the sole carbon source, were selected. Extensive biochemical, physiological and genetic studies on their potentially amylolytic enzyme(s) were performed to look into this possible new starch-hydrolytic mechanism. In addition, wheat bran was used, as a model substrate of starchy and cellulosic residues, to design a Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) system aiming at low-cost pre-treatments and high yields. The downstream fermentation, carried out with two Saccharomyces sp. yeasts, resulted in interesting ethanol yields. A metabolic engineering program was conducted in order to obtain an efficient amylolytic yeast for large scale ethanol production. Wild type S. cerevisiae strains with selected industrial traits were engineered to express a fungal codon-optimised glucoamylase. The stable recombinants produced ethanol from soluble and raw starch and could be considered promising for the Consolidated Bioprocessing of starchy industrial residues. On the basis of the preliminary results obtained, this multi-disciplinary work represents a first step towards the development of microbes for the single-step conversion of biomass into ethanol.
Il bioetanolo di seconda generazione rappresenta una delle alternative più promettenti tra i biocarburanti. Dal punto di vista biotecnologico, la definizione di un processo economicamente sostenibile per la produzione di bioetanolo da biomassa lignocellulosica è ancora lontana. Lo sviluppo di un microrganismo CBP (Consolidated BioProcessing) capace di idrolizzare i polimeri complessi della biomassa e di convertirli efficacemente in etanolo è una delle strategie più interessanti nel panorama scientifico internazionale. Questo studio ha avviato un programma di selezione e miglioramento genetico di ceppi microbici finalizzato allo sviluppo di un microrganismo adatto alla produzione CBP di bioetanolo da biomassa. Numerosi ceppi microbici cellulosolitici sono stati isolati ed identificati. Le loro attività idrolitiche sono elevate e alcuni isolati hanno dimostrato potenziali capacità fermentative. Inoltre, quattrocento ceppi di lievito wild type sono stati caratterizzati per la loro capacità di produrre enzimi extracellulari. Alcuni ceppi hanno presentato interessanti attività idrolitiche a carico di pectina, cellulosa ed amido. In particolare, un lievito non-Saccharomyces si è distinto per la produzione di efficienti cellulasi e tredici isolati di S. cerevisiae sono stati selezionati per la capacità di utilizzare amido solubile come unica fonte di carbonio. Lo studio ha inoltre sviluppato un sistema SHF (Separated Hydrolysis and Fermentation) per la conversione in etanolo di crusca di grano, scelta come substrato modello di residui agro-industriali a basso costo. Le rese in etanolo, ottenute mediante due ceppi di Saccharomyces sp. opportunamente selezionati, sono risultate promettenti. Un programma di ingenieria genetica ha consentito di ottenere alcuni ceppi mutanti per l'integrazione cromosomica multipla di un gene sintetico codificante per una glucoamilasi fungina. I ceppi ricombinanti, capaci di produrre etanolo da amido grezzo, potrebbero essere impiegati efficacemente in processi CBP a partire da residui industriali amidacei. In base ai risultati preliminari finora conseguiti, questo studio rappresenta un primo passo verso lo sviluppo di microrganismi idonei alla conversione one-step di biomassa in etanolo.
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17

Wist, Hanne Therese. "Statistical properties of successive ocean wave parameters." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16.

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For random waves the free surface elevation can be described by a number of individual wave parameters. The main objective of this work has been to study the statistical properties of individual parameters in successive waves; the wave crest height, the wave height and the wave period.

In severe sea states the wave crest heights exhibit a nonlinear behavior, which must be reflected in the models. An existing marginal distribution that uses second order Stokes-type nonlinearity is transformed to a two-dimensional distribution by use of the two–dimensional Rayleigh distribution. This model only includes sum frequency effects. A two-dimensional distribution is also established by transforming a second order model including both sum and different frequency effects. Both models are based on the narrow-band assumption, and the effect of finite water depth is included. A parametric wave crest height distribution proposed by Forristall (2000) has been extended to two dimensions by transformation of the two-dimensional Weibull distribution.

Two successive wave heights are modeled by a Gaussian copula, which is referred to as the Nataf model. Results with two initial distributions for the transformation are presented, the Næss (1985) model and a two-parameter Weibull distribution, where the latter is in best agreement with data. The results are compared with existing models. The Nataf model has also been used for modeling three successive wave heights. Results show that the Nataf transformation of three successive wave heights can be approximated by a first order autoregression model. This means that the distribution of the wave height given the previous wave height is independent of the wave heights prior to the previous wave height. The simulation of successive wave heights can be done directly without simulating the time series of the complete surface elevation.

Successive wave periods are modeled with the Nataf transformation by using a two-parameter Weibull distribution and a generalized Gamma distribution as the initial distribution, where the latter is in best agreement with data. Results for the marginal and two-dimensional distributions are compared with existing models. In practical applications, it is often of interest to consider successive wave periods with corresponding wave heights exceeding a certain threshold. Results show that the distribution for successive wave periods when the corresponding wave heights exceed the root-mean-square value of the wave heights can be approximated by a multivariate Gaussian distribution. When comparing the results with data, a long time series is needed in order to obtain enough data cases. Results for three successive wave periods are also presented.

The models are compared with field data from the Draupner field and the Japan Sea, and with laboratory data from experiments at HR Wallingford. In addition, data from numerical simulations based on second order wave theory, including both sum and frequency effects, are included.

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18

Gronchi, Nicoletta. "Development of consolidated-bioprocessing yeasts for the second-generation bioethanol production from agricultural residues." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424839.

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Today, the fossil materials currently represent the major share of the fuel market. In order to reduce the environmental impact resulting from the massive use of these non-renewable sources, particularly associated with the transport sector, bioethanol represents one of the most favorable, sustainable and ecological alternatives. However, the second-generation bioethanol production from waste plant biomass requires an expensive multi-step process and large dosages of commercial hydrolytic enzymes. The consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) performed by a single fermenting microbe could provide significant energy savings as well as being more cost-effective. Nevertheless, to date no naturally occurring CBP microbe has been described yet. In this study, a collection of newly isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains was screened with the aim of selecting a wild type yeast with superior fermentative traits than the industrial S. cerevisiae Ethanol Red®, which is currently used at industrial scale for firstgeneration bioethanol production. The collection has been evaluated for the conversion of starchy substrates into ethanol by a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) configuration. The S. cerevisiae L20 strain, which demonstrated the highest fermentation rate and ethanol production, was selected for a genetic engineering program in order to obtain an amylolytic yeast, for an efficient conversion of starch into ethanol. S. cerevisiae L20 and Ethanol Red® were engineered for the constitutive expression of two genes, encoding the α-amylase AmyA and the glucoamylase GlaA from Aspergillus tubingensis T8.4, in order to develop a stable recombinant strain. The well-established d-integration strategy was used to obtain recombinants at d- sequences by using homologous cassettes for AmyA and GlaA. Alongside, the innovative CRISPR / Cas9 knock-in system was used for the site-specific integration of the same genes in two selected genomic loci, namely mk114 and AD7. Both approaches were evaluated in terms of strain stability and enzymatic activity. The recombinant strains were verified for correct integration and examined for the effective secretion of amylases on agar plates containing starch. The nzymatic activity of the strains presenting the largest hydrolysis halos was quantified, and their recombinant proteins characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The performances of the new CBP strains were then demonstrated on starchy substrates. The most promising recombinant yeast was found to be L20 dT8, co-expressing both AmyA and GlaA. This study demonstrated the superior fermenting abilities of S. cerevisiae L20 compared to Ethanol Red®, confirming its promise as a starting point for the development of a CBP yeast. Genetic editing technologies have both proven to be effective, although further efforts are needed.
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Trento, Alberto. "Selection and genetic improvement of yeasts for the conversion of lignocellulose into second generation bioethanol." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422640.

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Bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass represents a promising alternative among biofuels. To date a cost-effective method for the industrial production of bioethanol from vegetal biomass has not been developed. One of the most attractive strategies is the construction of a CBP (Consolidated BioProcessing) microbe able both to hydrolyze the complex polymers of lignocellulosic biomass and to convert these into ethanol. In this context, the present study focused on the development of an industrial CBP microbe for the conversion of cellobiose into ethanol. To this purpose, it was necessary to define a new screening method for the selection of a yeast strain, suitable for the industrial bioethanol production having high fermentative abilities and considerable tolerance to inhibitors commonly present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The selection started from a collection of oenological yeasts. These strains, although showing interesting fermentative abilities, did not exhibit a good tolerance to inhibitors such as furfural, acetic acid, formic acid and lactic acid. Therefore, a new isolation programme was necessarily conducted in order to select efficient fermenting yeast strains able to tolerate high concentrations of inhibitory compounds. The isolation procedure, conducted in the presence of an inhibitors cocktail, allowed to obtain a wide collection of yeasts with interesting features for their future applications in the field of second generation bioethanol. Among them, few S. cerevisiae yeasts exhibited remarkable fermenting vigour at high temperature and promising inhibitors tolerance. In particular, S. cerevisiae T2 was selected as host for the development of a recombinant strain able to produce the BglI β-glucosidase of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, one of the most efficient cellobiose hydrolyzing yeast species. For the first time, in this study, an industrial yeast strain secreting β-glucosidase BglI was described. However, the hydrolytic activity of the recombinant strain must be necessarily increased in order to produce an efficient cellulolytic CBP microbe. On the basis of the preliminary results obtained, this multi-disciplinary work represents a first step towards the development of microbes for the single-step conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol.
Il bioetanolo di origine lignocellulosica rappresenta una delle alternative più promettenti tra i biocarburanti. Dal punto di vista industriale, la produzione di bioetanolo da biomassa vegetale non è ancora sostenibile. Una delle strategie più interessanti proposte è la costruzione di un microganismo CBP (Consolidated BioProcessing) capace di idrolizzare i polimeri complessi della biomassa cellulosica e di convertirli efficacemente in etanolo. In questa prospettiva, questo lavoro di tesi si è focalizzato sullo sviluppo di un microbo CBP di tipo industriale per la conversione di cellobiosio in alcol etilico. A tal scopo, è stato necessario mettere a punto un nuovo metodo per la selezione di un ceppo di lievito idoneo alla produzione di bioetanolo su scala industriale caratterizzato da elevate performance fermentative e da una notevole capacità di tollerare gli inibitori normalmente presenti negli idrolizzati lignocellulosici. La selezione di tale microrganismo è partita da una collezione di ceppi di lievito di origine enologica. I ceppi enologici saggiati, pur dimostrando elevate capacità fermentative, non si sono purtroppo rivelati tolleranti nei confronti di inibitori quali furfurale, acido acetico, acido formico ed acido lattico. È stato quindi necessario eseguire un programma di isolamento mirato ad ottenere ceppi di lievito altamente fermentanti e capaci di tollerare elevate concentrazioni di inibitori. L’isolamento, eseguito in condizioni selettive per la presenza di un cocktail di inibitori, ha consentito di ottenere una ampia ceppoteca di lieviti con caratteristiche promettenti per la loro futura applicazione nel campo del bioetanolo di seconda generazione. Tra di essi, alcuni lieviti S. cerevisiae si sono distinti per vigore fermentativo ad elevata temperatura e per una consistente tolleranza agli inibitori. In particolare, il ceppo S. cerevisiae T2 è stato selezionato come host strain per lo sviluppo di un ceppo ricombinante capace di secernere la betaglucosidasi BglI di Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, specie di lievito tra le più efficienti per l’idrolisi del cellobiosio. Per la prima volta in questo lavoro di tesi è stato descritto un ceppo di lievito industriale betaglucosidasico. In ogni caso, l’attività idrolitica del ceppo ricombinante dovrà essere necessariamente incrementata al fine di ottenere un efficiente microrganismo CBP cellulosolitico. In base ai risultati ottenuti, questo studio rappresenta un primo passo verso lo sviluppo di microrganismi idonei alla conversione one-step di biomassa lignocellulosica in etanolo.
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Gualtierotti, R. "ACTIVITY OF MONOMERIC SECOND MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVATOR OF CASPASES (SMAC) MIMETIC COMPOUNDS ON HUMAN FIBROBLAST-LIKE SYNOVIOCYTES FROM RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/366559.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by systemic and intrarticular inflammation. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in RA have an activated phenotype with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteiases, which sustain chronic inflammation and damage bone and cartilage. RA-FLSs also display resistance to apoptosis, which accounts for the synovial membrane hyperplasia. SMAC-mimetic compounds antagonise the activity of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), which regulate apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. We investigated whether SMAC127 had pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects on RA-FLSs. To better recreate an optimal in vitro model of the intrrticular environment, we also studied the effects of the addition of synovial fluid (SF) to cultures. We found that SMAC 127 could down-regulate IAPs levels and could effectively induce apoptosis - as demonstrated by apoptosis assays with Annexin V in different culture conditions and caspase-3 cleavage. Furthermore, SMAC 127 could down-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-15 and IL-6) and induce an up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The levels of marix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) where also reduced, whereas we did not observe any significant effects on RANKL/OPG axis. Based on these results, SMAC mimetic compounds could be a very useful treatment in patients with RA since the very early stage of the disease.
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Souza, Diego Beja Inglez de. "Reconstruindo Cajueiro Seco: arquitetura, política social e cultura popular em Pernambuco (1960-64)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-02082010-115837/.

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Ao buscar elementos para uma leitura da experiência do Cajueiro Seco, realizada em Pernambuco nos anos 1960, nos deparamos com diversas questões que dialogam com o campo arquitetônico mas não estão contidas nele, como as políticas sociais envolvidas, as mobilizações da sociedade civil pelas reformas de base (notadamente a agrária e a urbana) e diversos entendimentos do que seja cultura popular. Interessam tanto as experiências latinoamericanas no campo da participação popular na construção do habitat quanto os programas de habitação da Aliança para o Progresso, que recomendam a auto-ajuda e a casa própria como medidas para enfrentar a crise habitacional para entender a inscrição do projeto nos tempos de Arraes, Jango e Kennedy. Reconstruindo Cajueiro Seco a partir das suas propostas, notícias e realizações, vêm a tona conteúdos implícitos no projeto, gerando dissonâncias com as explicações recorrentes que limitam a os significados da experiência ao trabalho do autor do projeto de préfabricação em taipa ali implementado [o arquiteto Acácio Gil Borsoi], que ajudam a recolocar o seu lugar na historiografia de arquitetura.
This dissertation focuses on Cajueiro Secos housing experience taken place in Pernambuco, Brazil, during Miguel Arraes term as state governor between 1963 and 1964. Often seen as paradigmatic in terms of communal participation and the merging of modern and vernacular solutions, the experience is here examined as a part of wider social, political and cultural histories. On the one hand, the work relates the local episode with discussions, proposals and achievements on housing and urban reform in Brazil and Latin America during the 1950s and 1960s. On the other hand, it analyses the architectural experience in face of contemporary political and cultural debates concerning national development and underdevelopment, Kennedys Alliance for Progress programs, João Goularts national reforms program, urban and rural social mouvements, the Popular Culture Mouvement and the Frente do Recife in Pernambuco etc. By observing different actors involved on the conception, concretion and interruption of that experience, the work surpasses authorial references to the prefabricated adobe design in order to reevaluate the role of collective processes in architectural historiography.
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22

AGOSTINO, LORENZO. "Il giudizio di secondo grado. Garanzie dell’imputato ed efficienza processuale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1085242.

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The thesis deals with the remedy of the appeal with the purpose of studying it in the light of the guarantees of the defendant and the need to reduce the length of the trial. In this prospective, the firts chapter aims to find the ratio of the appeal by analyzing its historical evolution and its role in the context of other systems, of the international Charters and of the Italian Constitution. After demonstrating the defensive nature of the remedy, the second chapter shows how the most recent reforms have emphasised its characteristics of tool of protection of the defendant, paving the way to a rethinking of the appeal as a means available only to the accused person. Lastly, the third chapter focuses on the strategies to follow in order to contain the workload of the courts of appeal.
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Botas, Nilce Cristina Aravecchia. "Entre o progresso técnico e a ordem política arquitetura e urbanismo na ação habitacional do IAPI." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-05092011-141742/.

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Trata da produção pública de habitação fi nanciada pela previdência social a partir de 1930, com recorte específico sobre a atuação do Instituto de Aposentadoria e Pensões dos Industriários (IAPI). Aborda o objeto considerando os seguintes aspectos: relações político-econômicas que condicionaram projetos e obras; conexões entre o campo intelectual e o projeto político; trânsito de idéias nacionais e internacionais na formulação de um conceito próprio sobre arquitetura, urbanismo e habitação; limites e possibilidades do desenvolvimento tecnológico. A atuação dos engenheiros e arquitetos, no âmbito de sua aderência ao projeto desenvolvimentista, é avaliada pelas interfaces de sua formação teórica, de sua inserção política e administrativa e de sua ação propriamente dita.
This research deals with the public housing production financed by the social security after 1930, with a specific range over the performance of the Industrial Reti rement and Pension Institute (IAPI). It deals with this object considering the following aspects: political and economic relationships that conditioned projects and Works; links between the intellectual field and the political project; exchange of ideas national and international in the creation of an own concept of architecture, urbanism and housing; limits and possibilities of the technological development. The engineers´ and the architects´ performance, in the scope of the adherence to the developmental project, are assessed by the interfaces of their theoretical formation, political and administrative vision and their action itself.
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Cao, Fan. "Preferences of Social Interaction for Environmental Attributes Among Grandparents Who Are Taking Care of Grandchildren in Two Chinese Residential Communities Located in Shanghai, China." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71397.

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The present thesis examines questionnaire responses regarding optimal environmental attributes of public outdoor spaces for Chinese grandparents who are taking care of their grandchildren within selected urban residential communities in Shanghai, China. This thesis also assesses the needs of these grandparents providing childcare against the environmental attributes of urban public spaces. It uses the results to formulate design recommendations that will facilitate increased social interaction between grandparents with grandchildren and other persons in open public spaces of residential communities. Public spaces are often excellent locations for social interaction between grandparents with other persons within communities. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of Chinese grandparents providing childcare for their grandchildren, and many choose to spend time with grandchildren in these public open spaces. However, the needs and preferences of this demographic do not necessarily align with those of the general population. The current literature has identified five primary environmental attributes (access, comfort, opportunities of meeting, potential sensory elements, visibility) related to social interaction, each composed of a variety of landscape elements and characteristics. A framework was constructed based on these five environmental attributes and a variety of landscape elements and characteristics, and used to formulate a questionnaire for 46 grandparents, who take care of their grandchildren and live in high-rise buildings were surveyed. The selected participants were witnessed watching over their grandchildren in open spaces or the accompanying facilities and were asked to express a level of preference for a series of landscape elements presented in a questionnaire. The survey also included questions regarding demographic information. Descriptive and inferential analysis were then carried out through the survey data. The intended result of the study involved establishing a set of landscape architectural design recommendations that could be used in order to meet the preferences of this portion of society. Ideally, the findings will assist those involved in designing and managing outdoor environments in identifying the most salient environmental attributes for this growing sector of the Chinese community. The study could also help to prioritize interventions aimed at improving the use of open spaces and promoting social interaction among grandparents or grandparents with other neighbors. The approach also identified which landscape elements were most likely to attract grandparents to visit and stay in neighborhoods' open spaces longer with their grandchildren. Ideally, an outdoor public space designed following this set of design recommendations would contain the preferred environmental attributes and landscape elements of grandparents and their grandchildren and would provide more opportunities for social interaction.
Master of Landscape Architecture
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25

Inoue, Luciana Massami. "A iniciativa privada e o mercado formal de habitação para o trabalhador na cidade de São Paulo, 1942-1964." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-08092010-093927/.

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O objetivo principal foi verificar a existência de grandes e pequenos empreendedores capitalistas privados na produção da habitação para o trabalhador no período na cidade de São Paulo, entre 1942 e 1964. O problema habitacional é antigo, e em muito se deve ao fato de que o trabalhador não tenha sido integrado plenamente à sociedade. Os mercados formal e informal do trabalho caminharam em paralelo, o mesmo ocorrendo com o mercado formal e informal da habitação. Os principais aspectos conjunturais detectados no período são: a Segunda Guerra Mundial; o debate nacional sobre o tema do desenvolvimento; a dívida externa; a inflação (que afetou fortemente o padrão de consumo do trabalhador, sua capacidade de poupança e, ao mesmo tempo, todo o complexo da indústria da construção); a industrialização e as migrações internas. Na cidade de São Paulo, verificaram-se os fenômenos de verticalização do centro e horizontalização de suas periferias, juntamente com a metropolização. Como metodologia empregada, recorreu-se à bibliografia especializada, e como fontes primárias, optou-se por percorrer as coleções de revistas econômicas e anúncios de jornais. Após 1942, a iniciativa privada, retraiu-se temporariamente do mercado de locação, contudo, não abandonou as opções de investimento habitacionais anteriores, como os cortiços e as vilas operárias. Atuou principalmente em quatro frentes de investimento voltadas para o trabalhador: venda de casas térreas e sobrados; kitchnettes; edifícios em condomínios; e loteamentos periféricos.
The aim of this research was to verify the existence of big and small private capitalist entrepreneurs in the housing production for workers in São Paulo, between 1942 and 1964. The housing problem is old and it is due very much to the fact that the worker never was fully integrated to Brazilian society. The formal and informal labor market developed simultaneously as the same way it occured with the formal and informal housing market. The major historic features in the period were: the Second World War, the debates about the topic of development, external debt, inflation (that affected strongly the consumption pattern of the workers, their capacity to save money, and at the same time the whole building industry complex), the industrialization, and the internal migration. In the city of São Paulo, there was the phenomena of verticalization downtown and horizontalization at the peripheries, along the metropolization process. Specialized bibliography was studied, and as primary sources, we have consulted the collections of economy periodicals and the real state advertisement in the newspapers. After 1942, the private enterprise stopped to invest in the rental market for a short time, however, it did not abandon the prior housing options of investments before, as shantytowns or cortiços and workers´ villages. The private enterprise has acted mainly in four fields of investment with the focus on the workers housing: sale of one or two storey houses; kitchnettes; condominium buildings, and periphery lots.
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Seidl, Rodrigo. "O negócio do ócio: o teatro profissional londrino (1576-1603)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13187.

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The objective of this dissertation was to investigate the ways in which Elizabethan professional theatre practice was, at the same time, a product and a producer of historical changes. Following the construction of London s first purpose-built playhouse in 1576, theatre slowly became a lucrative business run by full-time professionals. Soon after this historical development, the professional companies suffered constant attacks. These claimed that plays propagated sin and idleness among those who watched or took part in them. Through the analysis of the anti-theatrical writings and laws produced between 1576 and 1603, we observed the nature of the changes in theatrical practice in London and questioned the motives behind the attacks against the stage. We found that the process of professionalization of the London companies incorporated many of the social changes at work at the time. However, the new theatres created new social spaces in which transgressive social practices found their place beyond the City s control. Therefore, the professional theatre played an active role in making these new social values visible
O objetivo desta dissertação foi investigar as formas pelas quais a prática teatral profissional elisabetana foi, ao mesmo tempo, produto e produtor de mudanças históricas. Após a construção do primeiro teatro permanente de Londres em 1576, o teatro aos poucos se tornou um negócio lucrativo administrado por profissionais. Logo após este desenvolvimento histórico, as companhias profissionais sofreram ataques constantes. Estes afirmavam que peças teatrais propagavam o pecado e o ócio entre as pessoas que assistiam ou participavam nelas. Por meio da análise dos tratados e leis antiteatrais produzidas entre 1576 e 1603, nós observamos a natureza das mudanças na prática teatral em Londres e questionamos os motivos por trás dos ataques contra o teatro. Nós percebemos que o processo de profissionalização das companhias londrinas incorporou várias mudanças sociais que estavam em curso na época. Entretanto, os novos teatros criaram novos espaços sociais nos quais práticas sociais transgressoras acharam seu lugar fora do controle da Cidade. Portanto, o teatro profissional desempenhou um papel ativo ao dar visibilidade a estes novos valores sociais
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D'ORAZIO, ALESSIO. "Tecniche e materiali innovativi per una produzione efficiente ed ecosostenibile." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/253167.

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La competitività delle aziende dipende dalla capacità di innovare prodotti e processi, tenendo in conto la gestione sostenibile delle risorse e la riduzione di impatti ambientali e sociali per il miglioramento della qualità della vita. Ciò implica un profondo cambiamento verso sistemi di produzione e di consumo più sostenibili accompagnato da un cambiamento culturale e di stili di vita, ovvero una transizione verso una green economy. L’eco-innovazione è il principale strumento della green economy e, dunque, dello sviluppo sostenibile. In particolare, grazie all’introduzione di una o più tecnologie ecoinnovative, le aziende possono conseguire una riduzione degli impatti ambientali osservabile lungo tutto il ciclo di vita dei propri prodotti e/o processi. L’ecoinnovazione riguarda lo sviluppo di tecnologie di produzione più sostenibili ma anche l’utilizzo di materiali leggeri ed ecoinnovativi, soprattutto nel settore dell’automotive e in quello aeronautico, dove è più significativa la riduzione delle emissioni di CO2 connesse ad un risparmio del consumo di carburante. Alla luce di tutto ciò, lo scopo del presente lavoro di tesi è quello di investigare da più prospettive il concetto di sostenibilità ambientale nei processi manifatturieri.
Nowadays, companies’ competitiveness depends on their ability to innovate products and processes, keeping in mind that a better quality of life is given by the sustainable management of resources and a lower impact on society and the environment. This involves a deep change towards more sustainable production and consumption systems along with a change in culture and life style, i.e. a transition towards a green economy. Eco-innovation is the main instrument of green economy and, consequently, of sustainable development. In particular, thanks to the introduction of an environmentally friendly system, companies can achieve a reduction of their carbon footprint that can be observed along the entire life cycle of their products or processes. The eco-innovation can consist in the development of manufacturing technologies more sustainable as well as in the development of new Eco-friendly and lightweight materials, especially in the automotive and aeronautical sectors, where the environmental benefit is greater with the reduction of carbon emission, coupled with the savings in fuel. In light of this, the overall purpose of the work developed in this thesis is to analyze the environmental sustainability concept in the manufacturing processes through a Multiple-Perspective Approach.
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Reis, Ivoni de Freitas. "A Farmácia e a Medicina Química na Inglaterra Quinhentista: O Caso de R. Bostocke." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13346.

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This study aims at an understanding of the pharmacy grounded on chemical medicine introduced in England in the 16th and beginnings of the 17th centuries. Although prefigurated by many others, the main work that introduced Paracelsian ideas on English soil was The Difference the Aucient Phisicke and the Latter Physicke (1585) by R. Bostocke. Nothing is known with certainty on the author, he might have been an English Paracelsian and Parlament member and our study required to research his possible biography. On the other hand, the study of medicines and processes mentioned by Bostocke demanded an understanding of the status of chemical medicine at the time. This was performed through the analysis of related works, such as Paracelsus , Oswald Croll´s, Joseph Duchesne´s and Jean Béguin´s, and the classical medicine of Conrad Gesner. Our study aimed to show that 16th century English chemical pharmacy was much more concerned with the process, purification and dosage of medicines, than with the kind of materials employed. To demonstrate our hypothesis, some remedies mostly metallic were selected and arranged in a way that would show the path followed by iatrochemists to prepare chemical remedies, eventually, in some cases, to attain the most desired one: potable gold
Esse trabalho aborda, principalmente, a farmácia decorrente da medicina química na Inglaterra do Século XVI e início do XVII. Entretanto, obra que introduziu a filosofia paracelsista na Inglaterra, o The Difference the Aucient Phisicke... and the Latter Phisicke (1585), teve por autor R. Bostocke, um paracelsista e parlamentarista inglês sobre o qual quase nada se pode afirmar de concreto. Assim sendo, além de um levantamento de sua magra biografia, fezse necessário buscar a química médica no momento em que foi publicada a sua obra. Assim, para fazer um estudo dos medicamentos e processamentos citados por Bostocke, e tendo por objetivo criar esta ambiência, foram levantados alguns estudiosos deste período. Além do próprio Paracelso, buscou-se avaliar esses medicamentos em Oswald Croll, paracelsista confesso, em dois iatroquímicos, Joseph Duchesne e Jean Béguin, e em adepto da medicina clássica, Conrad Gesner. Tendo como objetivo mostrar que a farmácia dos quimicamente processados na Inglaterra do XVI estava prioritariamente preocupada com o processamento, a purificação e a dosagem, mais do que com o tipo de material utilizado na preparação desses, foi feito um levantamento de alguns medicamentos, em sua maioria metais, dispostos de forma a compreender caminho percorrido por esses estudiosos para desenvolver os quimicamente preparados, bem como, em alguns casos para alcançar aquele que foi o mais cobiçado de todos os medicamentos, o ouro potável
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Mórra, Eunice Martins. "O léxico no século XVI: um estudo do idioma brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14431.

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This paper, based on the research line of History and Description of Portuguese, implies an exploratory investigation, whichg object of study is circumscribed to the Brazilian Portuguese vocabulary of the XVI century. It is claimed that idiomaticity is inscribed in the transformation of the archaic-Provençal Portuguese that, transported to the Brazilian lands with the colonists who moved bringing it, was cultivated as it was in the soil of the new colony. In this process of cultivation, resulting the cultural adaptation of the white, the native and the negro people, that vocabulary would have been renovated to be accustomed to the context of another territory; in such a manner it would incorporate new semias and, thus, supply the lack of an authentic Portuguese archaic-Provençal vocabulary. However, those new semias are still unsatisfactory, and it would be necessary to incorporate to its lexical field words of native and African origins, because of the new geography, fauna and flora. From this sememic changing process and incorporations new/other lexicalizations will appear, contrasting with the Brazilian Portuguese itself, through the edification of new architectures, which sup port is the same linguistic system: the one that qualifies the processes of codification of the world knowledge, formalized by the Portuguese language. The distinction between structure and architecture granted the differentiation between language from idiom a starting point adopted to examine the idiomatization of the archaic-Provençal Portuguese, being its parameter the processes of lexicalization and to consider both Brazilian Portuguese and Portugal s, as well as the one of the other nations as idioms produced by differentiated cultural languages which lived together - and still live in different geographical spaces and that, nowadays, typify distinct territories that became National States. Those different languages which had made those territories bilingual let themselves to be inscribed in the vocabulary system of those idioms, in order to grant them with visions of world that, although distinct, present similarities in terms of form which frame the field of their respective vocabularies. Guided by a general objective to try to explain the permanencies by dislocation models concerned to the structure and organization of this idiomatization process the investigative way is traced by two focuses. One that configures historiographical characteristic of the constitution of the idiom in the land of the parrots ; other that concerns to the images of the linguistic studies that favour the lexicon as instancy capable of pointing out similarity through the differences among models of organization and representation of world knowledge formalized by a unique linguistic system. From the results obtained, by means of analytical procedures oriented by the study of the discursive -semantic fields, the result is an archaic Provençal Portuguese which was implanted in Brazil which becomes an idiom and the official language of a transmuted colony in National State at the XIX century. Such idiomatization presents differences not significant in the grammatical area and not allowing to considerate the existence of different languages. In the lexical area, this process of idiomatization , which implies the construction of differentiated points of view through which knowledge of world are organized, framed and formalized by language categories, may qualify Brazilian idiom differently from that of Portugal
Esta Dissertação, situada na linha de pesquisa História e Descrição da Língua Portuguesa, compreende uma investigação exploratória, cujo objeto de estudo está circunscrito ao vocabulário do idioma português brasileiro, no século XVI. Postula-se que a idiomaticidade se inscreve na transformação do léxico do português arcaicoprovençal que, transportado para as Terras do Brasil, com o colono que com ele se deslocou, foi cultivado tal qual o solo da nova colônia. Nesse processo de cultivo, de que resultou a aculturação do branco, do índio e do negro, esse vocabulário se renova para se adaptar ao contexto de um outro território, de sorte a incorporar novas semias e, assim suprir a falta do próprio vocabulário do português arcaico provençal. Contudo, essas novas semias são ainda insuficientes, fazendo-se necessário incorporar, ao seu campo lexical, palavras de origem indígena e africana, devido a nova geografia, fauna e flora. Desse processo de mudanças semêmicas e de incorporações tem-se novas/outras lexicalizações que vão diferenciando o idioma brasileiro do português propriamente dito, pela edificação de novas arquiteturas, cujo suporte é o mesmo sistema lingüístico: aquele que qualifica os processos de codificação de conhecimentos de mundo, formalizados pela língua portuguesa. A distinção entre estrutura e arquitetura facultou diferenciar língua de idioma ponto de partida adotado para examinar a idiomatização do português provençal arcaico, tendo como parâmetro os processos de lexicalização e considerar tanto o português do Brasil, quanto o de Portugal, bem como o de outras nações como idiomas produto de línguas de culturas diferenciadas que conviveram e convivem em espaços geográficos diferentes e que, hoje, tipificam territórios distintos que se tornaram Estados Nacionais. Essas diferentes línguas que fizeram desses espaços territórios bilíngües deixaram-se inscrever no sistema vocabular desses idiomas, de sorte a assegurar a eles visões de mundo que, embora distintas, se apresentam similares quanto à forma que estrutura o campo de seus respectivos vocabulários. Norteado por um objetivo geral buscar explicitar as permanências pelos modelos de deslocamento referente à estruturação e organização desse processo de idiomatização o percurso investigativo está traçado por duas focalizações. Uma que configura o caráter historiográfico da constituição do idioma na terra dos papagaios; outra referente aos quadros dos estudos lingüísticos que privilegiam o léxico como instância capaz de apontar semelhanças nas diferenças entre modelos de organização e representação de conhecimentos de mundo formalizados por um mesmo sistema lingüístico. Dos resultados obtidos, por meio de procedimentos analíticos orientados pelo estudo de campos semântico-discursivos, tem-se que o português arcaico provençal, implantando em território brasileiro, idiomatiza-se e se torna a língua oficial de uma colônia transmudada em Estado Nacional, no século XIX. Tal idiomatização apresenta diferenças pouco significativas no âmbito gramatical o que não permite considerar a existência de línguas diferentes. Já no âmbito lexical, esse processo de idiomatização, implicando a construção de pontos de vista diferenciados pelos quais os conhecimentos de mundo são organizados, estruturados e formalizados por categorias de línguas, pode qualificar o idioma brasileiro na sua diferença com aquele de Portugal
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30

Jonas, Stéphane. "La revolution industrielle,les questions urbaine et du logement a mulhouse (1740-1870)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR20002.

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Cette these presente un fragment significatif de l'histoire urbaine de mulhouse, petite ville libre d'occident devenue calviniste et republique autonome, alliee a la confederation helvetique, emergeant de l'archipel des villes du rhin-superieur, territoire strategique, et un enjeu important entre les habsbourgs et les rois de france. Pendant la periode de 130 ans que couvre mon etude (1740-1870), cette petite ville artisanale de 4000 habitants devient une ville francaise modele de la grande industrie de pointe, une ville d'innovation et de decouvertes scientifiques appliquees a l'industrie. Cette recherche voudrait contribuer a une meilleure connaissance des relations complexes et fondamentales qui se sont etablies, au cours des premier et deuxieme decollages industriels, entre l'industrialisation d'une part et les questions sociale et du logement d'autre part. Tout cela dans une ville industrielle de taille moyenne, mais internationalement connue. L'impact de mulhouse depasse le seul aspect monographique des nouvelles tendances en sciences humaines a renouer avec les etudes de cas significatives et pertinentes en tant que methode sociologique et d'histoire sociale indispensable
This thesis submits a relevant fragment of the urban history of mulhouse. As a small calvinist free-town that became an autonomous republic, mulhouse was allied to the helvetic confederation; it stood out among the upper-rhin towns, as a strategic territory and a major issue between the habsburgs and the french monarchs. Within the 130 years covered by my survey, that small creftsmen's town of 4000 inhabitants turned into a french model city of prime industry and scientific innovation and discoveries applied to industry. This study is an attempt to contribute to a better knowledge of the complex and fundamental connections that developed over the periods of the two industrial take offs, between industrialisation and town development on the one hand, and the social and housing questions on the other band, in that medium-sized industrial town of international fame. The impact of mulhouse reaches beyond the mere monographic aspect of the new trends in social sciences to go back to relevant case-studies as an essential method in sociology and in social history
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BOULANGER, SAUNIER CHANTAL. "Phosphorylation d'une proteine de 16 kda par la proteine kinase dependant de l'amp cyclique et par la proteine kinase c dans la membrane plasmique des myocytes d'aorte de rat." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13158.

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32

Bioto, Patrícia Aparecida. "O professor-pastor e o padre-professor nos tratados pedagógicos dos séculos XVI e XVII e na experiência docente de Thomas Platter." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10542.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work consist of a bibliographic research about the following texts: Didática Magna (1657), A New Discovery of the Old Art of Teaching Schoole, in four small Treatises (1660), Ratio Studiorum atque Institutio Societatis Jesu (1599), and the diary of Thomas Platter, a European teacher from XVI century. The process of configuration of the modern teacher in the pedagogical treatise from XVI and XVII centuries was the object of this research. The purpose is show that for the textual context of production of this treatises, as well the historical circumstances, in that these treatises comes from, this texts had configured the modern teacher as teacher-preacher and as a priest-teacher. The development of argumentation was based on ideas of contemporary educational theoreticals that affirm that the modern scholarization don´t have institutional ancienty, and that the study of pedagogicals discourses made in the XVI and XVII centuries allow the understand the elements that shaped to the modern scholarization, between the the teacher . The analyse of sources was operated starting from the procedures theorical-operationals of the research segment of the history of ideas. As much as the goals proposed to this research can be proof the pertinence of the hypothetical asked about the characteristics of the modern teacher assumed in the pedagogicals treatises from the XVI and XVII centuries
O presente trabalho consistiu numa pesquisa bibliográfica sobre as seguintes obras: Didática Magna (1657), A New Discovery of the Old Art of Teaching Schoole, in four small Treatises (1660), Ratio Studiorum atque Institutio Societatis Jesu (1599), e o diário de Thomas Platter, um professor europeu do século XVI. O processo de configuração do professor moderno nos tratados pedagógicos dos séculos XVI e XVII foi o objeto dessa pesquisa. Pretendeu-se demonstrar que, dado o contexto inter-textual de produção desses tratados, bem como as circunstâncias históricas em que emergiram, essas obras configuraram o professor moderno como um professor-pastor e como um padre-professor. O desenvolvimento da argumentação apoiou-se nas idéias de teóricos educacionais contemporâneos que afirmam que a escolarização moderna não teve ancestrais institucionais, e que o estudo dos discursos pedagógicos produzidos nos séculos XVI e XVII permite compreender os elementos que deram forma à escolarização moderna, entre eles, o professor. A análise das fontes foi operada tomando por princípios os procedimentos teórico-operacionais da linha de pesquisa da história das idéias. Quanto aos objetivos propostos para esse trabalho, pode-se verificar a pertinência das hipóteses levantadas sobre as características que o professor moderno assumiu nos tratados pedagógicos dos séculos XVI e XVII
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33

Pisani, Federico. "Knowledge workers management. Concorrenza e invenzioni nel rapporto di lavoro subordinato: il modello statunitense." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425914.

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Il presente studio affronta gli argomenti della concorrenza e delle invenzioni nel rapporto di lavoro subordinato statunitense. L’attività di ricerca è stata svolta in parte presso la School of Law della Boston University, USA, sotto la supervisione di Micheal C. Harper, professore di diritto del lavoro. L’argomento presenta una crescente rilevanza, considerato che nella nuova organizzazione produttiva, fondata in gran parte sulla conoscenza globalizzata, al lavoro dipendente si chiede ormai sempre maggiore professionalità, innovazione e creatività. La scelta di esaminare questa tematica dalla prospettiva del “laboratorio USA”, è dovuta al primato di cui tale nazione gode a livello internazionale sul piano economico, scientifico e dell’innovazione dei processi lavorativi, che fanno emergere criticità in altri Paesi probabilmente ancora non avvertite. Al fine di inquadrare gli istituti giudici menzionati nel modello statunitense, si è reso opportuno dare conto del sistema delle fonti normative negli USA, con particolare focus sul Restatement of Employment Law, cioè la raccolta di principi fondamentali elaborati negli anni dal common law in materia di rapporto di lavoro. All'esame delle fonti segue la definizione del concetto di lavoratore subordinato (employee) e lavoratore autonomo (independent contractor), necessario per l’inquadramento del campo di applicazione degli obblighi scaturenti dal rapporto di lavoro subordinato, tra cui il duty of loyalty, implicato nel rapporto fiduciario. In tale ambito, si è osservata l’evoluzione giurisprudenziale che ha condotto all'adozione dei criteri relativi alla distinzione in esame, prevalentemente concernenti il giudizio sulla rilevanza degli elementi fattuali determinanti per l’accertamento della subordinazione. Delineati i contorni della fattispecie di lavoro subordinato, il presente studio affronta la tematica della tipica forma del contratto di lavoro statunitense, il c.d. employment-at-will, cioè il rapporto a libera recedibilità. Tale peculiarità scaturisce dal principio fondamentale per cui le parti non sono vincolate ad alcun obbligo di fornire la motivazione per il licenziamento. La terza parte del lavoro ha ad oggetto la disciplina della concorrenza del lavoratore effettuata sulla base delle conoscenze acquisite, legalmente o illegalmente, durante il rapporto e le relative tecniche di tutela del datore di lavoro, a fronte della violazione del duty of loyalty, quale obbligo del lavoratore subordinato di esecuzione della prestazione lavorativa nell'interesse esclusivo dell’imprenditore e, conseguentemente, di astensione dal porre in essere condotte pregiudizievoli nei confronti di quest’ultimo. Quanto alle tecniche di tutela esperibili in caso di violazione degli obblighi esaminati, vengono illustrati i rimedi legali e equitativi che il diritto statunitense offre al datore di lavoro. La parte finale del presente studio si occupa della disciplina relativa alla titolarità dei diritti scaturenti dalle invenzioni sviluppate dai dipendenti nel corso del rapporto di lavoro. In questo senso si sono esaminate le definizioni di “invenzione” e “brevetto” ed il loro rapporto nel contesto della regolamentazione giuslavoristica; si è posta in rilievo la differenza tra invenzione come opera di ingegno e proprietà intellettuale tutelata dal diritto d’autore. Inoltre, si sono osservati i meccanismi sottesi alle norme fondamentali che regolano la materia e la loro convivenza con la libertà contrattuale delle parti e il loro potere di disporre dei suddetti diritti.
This work addresses the issues of competition and inventions in the U.S. employment relationships. The research was carried out in part at the Boston University School of Law of, under the supervision of Micheal C. Harper, professor of Labour Law. The selection of the topic is justified in the light of its importance, given that in the new production organization, based largely on globalized knowledge, employees are now increasingly being asked for professionalism, innovation and creativity. The decision to examine this issue from the perspective of the "U.S. laboratory" is due to the primacy that this nation holds at international level on the economic, scientific and innovation of work processes, which bring out critical issues that in other Countries probably have not yet been raised. In order to frame the above-mentioned topics, it has become appropriate to give an account of the system of regulatory sources in the USA, with particular focus on the Restatement of Employment Law, i.e. the collection of fundamental principles developed over the years by common law in the field of employment relationships. The examination of the sources is followed by the definition of the concept of employee and self-employed worker (independent contractor), necessary for the assessment of the application of the obligations arising from the employment relationships, including the duty of loyalty, involved in the fiduciary law. In this context, the evolution of the case law has been observed, as well as the examination of the criteria relating to the distinction between employees and independent contractors, mainly concerning the judgement on the relevance of the factual elements determining the assessment of the existence of an employment relationship. Subsequently, this study addresses the issue of the typical form of the U.S. employment contract, the so-called employment-at-will. This peculiarity is originated from the principle that the parties are not bound by any obligation to provide reasons for termination. The third part of the work has as its object the discipline of competition of the worker carried out on the basis of the knowledge acquired, legally or illegally, during the relationship and the relative legal remedies for the employer, against the violation of the duty of loyalty, intended as an obligation of the employee to perform the work in the exclusive interest of the entrepreneur and, consequently, to refrain from engaging in prejudicial conduct against the company. About the remedies available in the event of breach of the obligations examined, the legal and equitable remedies that U.S. law offers the employer have been explained. The final part of this study deals with the rules governing the ownership of rights arising from inventions developed by employees in the course of their employment. The definitions of "invention" and "patent" and their relationship in the context of employment law has been examined and the difference between invention as a work of genius and intellectual property protected by copyright has been highlighted. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the basic rules governing the subject matter and their coexistence with the contractual freedom of the parties and their power to dispose of these rights have been observed.
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34

Finizio, Giuliana. "Fortificazione e città : la marca italiana nell'urbanistica p ortoghese del XVI secolo nell'oltreoceano." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/3755.

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Tese de doutoramento em Arquitectura (Teoria e História da Arquitectura) apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
O presente trabalho pretende analisar a urbanística da cidade e das suas fortificações em Itália e no império português do Ultramar no século XVI, à luz das novas teorias relativas à fortificação de uma nova cidade. Neste âmbito, a historia urbana portuguesa nos seus domínios alem mar está ligada ao processo de transformação em curso em toda a Europa, graças ao desenvolvimento da artilharia e das novas regras renascentistas inerentes à valorização dos espaços urbanos. Um vasto corpo teórico de tratados sobre estas matérias foi proliferando neste século em Itália, que tornou-se também o espaço de aplicação destas teorias, com a fundação de pequenos aglomerados urbanos fortificados para a defesa dos novos governos das ameaças estrangeiras. Estes avanços teóricos tiveram a sua repercussão em toda a Europa e também em Portugal onde, apesar da cultura urbanística tradicional, as novas teorias conseguiram suscitar grande interesse. Os territórios ultramarinos – na África, na Índia e no Brasil – acabaram por se revelar campos ideais para a aplicação destas teorias, ainda na sua fase de desenvolvimento, já que a implantação do novo poder carecia de uma estrutura urbanística e o risco de incursões inimigas impunha a sua defesa. O exemplo mais significativo da difusão das novas metodologias deveu-se entanto ao transito de peritos – sobretudo engenheiros militares italianos – pelas varias cortes europeias. Em Portugal este "monopólio italiano" conhecerá o seu apogeu durante o período da união ibérica, quando a maioria dos engenheiros recrutados pela corte espanhola passou a trabalhar nos territórios portugueses do ultramar. A vontade deste trabalho foi de pesquisar precisamente dos vestígios que a teoria renascentista italiana, e através dela a pratica destes homens de oficio, deixou nos traçados das cidades fortificadas construídas no "Portugal não europeu": perceber, enfim, que influencia teve este novo saber nos primeiros aglomerados que iam sendo realizados nessa mesma altura.
Questo lavoro prende in esame l’urbanistica della città e delle sue fortificazioni, in Italia e nell’impero portoghese d’oltreoceano, nel XVI secolo, alla luce delle rinnovate teorie in materia di fondazione d’una nuova città. In quest’ambito, la storia urbana portoghese nei domini fuori del regno, risulta inscindibile dal processo di trasformazione in atto in Europa, a causa dello sviluppo dell’artiglieria e delle nuove regole rinascimentali inerenti all’enfatizzazione degli spazi della città. Un sostanzioso bagaglio teorico, racchiuso nei trattati, andò proliferando in questo secolo in Italia, che divenne anche campo d’applicazione di queste idee, attraverso la fondazione di piccoli agglomerati urbani fortificati per difendere i nuovi governi dalle minacce straniere. Questi sviluppi teorici ebbero una ripercussione in tutta Europa e, di conseguenza anche in Portogallo dove, nonostante la cultura urbanistica tradizionale, questi nuovi principi suscitarono un grande interesse. La miglior possibilità di riscontro pratico di queste teorie si ebbe nei territori conquistati nell’oltreoceano - in Africa, in India e in Brasile -, dei campi questi che necessitavano sin da subito di essere urbanizzati e fortificati, per contrastare le incursioni nemiche. Ma le testimonianze più consistenti si ebbero con il diffondersi, tra i vari regni europei, d’esperti in materia, soprattutto d’ingegneri italiani. In Portogallo questo "monopolio italiano" si diffonderà maggiormente durante il periodo dell’Unione Iberica, quando molti tecnici, reclutati dalla corte spagnola, passarono ad operare nei territori portoghesi d’oltreoceano. Quello che si è preteso evidenziare è il segno che la teoria italiana rinascimentale, e la pratica di questi uomini di mestiere, hanno lasciato nei tracciati delle città del Portogallo non europeo: capire, in altre parole, attraverso questo cammino nozionistico, quanta influenza ebbe il nuovo sapere sui primi agglomerati che si andavano realizzando negli stessi anni.
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35

WEBER, DOMIZIA. "Sanare e maleficiare: guaritrici medichesse streghe e Collegio medico a Modena nel 16 secolo." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/557494.

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36

GUSELLA, FRANCESCO. "La Rocca del Buon Pastore: arti creole e meticciato socio-culturale nelle colonie portoghesi dell'Asia Meridionale, XVI-XVII secolo." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1231824.

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La tesi si concentra sull’iconografia della Rocca del Buon Pastore, soggetto artistico originale per stile e iconografia all’interno del repertorio devozionale eburneo prodotto nelle colonie portoghesi dell’India occidentale. La tesi si articola in tre capitoli, a loro volta seguiti dagli apparati critici: il catalogo, l’inventario delle opere analizzate, le figure e la bibliografia. Nel primo capitolo è svolta la presentazione del soggetto illustrando l’ambito storico-artistico, le caratteristiche tecniche, iconografiche e stilistiche, le varianti tipologiche e i gruppi iconografici in cui si dividono le opere selezionate. Il secondo capitolo è dedicato agli schemi di circolazione, tra cui il commercio del materiale grezzo, la circolazione delle maestranze, la diffusione dei modelli iconografici, e il mercato dei manufatti nel periodo in esame. L’ultimo capitolo verte sugli intenti che caratterizzarono la committenza e le modalità di fruizione dei manufatti; le affinità tra la coeva letteratura missionaria in lingue locali e l’iconografia, i temi sacramentali in relazione società coloniale, e alcuni paradigmi teorici per l’interpretazione delle dinamiche di committenza e fruizione.
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SPADA, PAOLO. "La medicina degli eserciti in italia (secoli 12/16)." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/558895.

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38

Peters, Kirsten Elissa. "Investigation of a second inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility locus (IBD8) on chromosome 16." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150736.

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39

ALLERSTON, Patricia Anne. "The market in second-hand clothes and furnishings in Venice, c1500-c1650." Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5818.

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Defence date: 7 June 1996
Examining board: Prof. Franco Angiolini, Università degli Studi di Pisa (supervisor) ; Prof. Laurence Fontaine, European University Institute and CNRS, Paris ; Dr. Richard Mackenney, University of Edinburgh (external supervisor) ; Prof. Paolo Malanima, Università degli Studi di Pisa ; Prof. Daniel Roche, Institut d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, CNRS, Paris
First made available online on 10 September 2013.
The object of this study is to reinstate the market in second-hand clothes and furnishings within the hi story of Venice from c.1500 to c.1650. The discussion focuses on the Venetian guild of second-hand dealers, a number of 'alternative' exchanges of used goods, and a group of Jewish second-hand dealers who became established in Venice in the early sixteenth century. Particular attention is paid to the issues of guild exclusivism and the inelasticity of craft structures within the market for used goods. There are seven chapters. Chapter 1 explores the notion that the guild of second-hand dealers was traditional1y important in the market but did not have complete control, and Chapter 2 investigates various 'alternative' exchanges coexisting with the guild. In the next three chapters, these basic structures are examined in detail and their development is charted over the period as a whole. In Chapter 3, traders within the second-hand market are considered and the new group of Jewish competitors is introduced. The craft activities of the guild members and the Jewish dealers are analysed in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, a study is made of outlets for used goods and of their distribution within the city. The last two chapters assess the impact of two types of setbacks: outbreaks of plague, and a seventeenth-century recession in the used-goods market.
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40

RECCHI, Simonetta. "THE ROLE OF HUMAN DIGNITY AS A VALUE TO PROMOTE ACTIVE AGEING IN THE ENTERPRISES." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251122.

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Abstract:
Ogni azienda che si riconosca socialmente responsabile deve occuparsi dello sviluppo delle carriere dei propri dipendenti da due punti di vista: quello individuale e personale e quello professionale. La carriera all’interno di un’azienda coinvolge, infatti, la persona in quanto individuo con un proprio carattere e una precisa identità e la persona in quanto lavoratore con un bagaglio specifico di conoscenze e competenze. L’azienda ha, quindi, il compito di promuovere carriere professionalmente stimolanti che si sviluppino in linea con i suoi stessi valori, la sua visione e la sua missione. Nel panorama moderno, aziende che sviluppano la propria idea di business nel rispetto dei lavoratori proponendo loro un percorso di crescita, si mostrano senza dubbio lungimiranti. Un tale approccio, però, non basta a far sì che vengano definite socialmente responsabili. I fattori della Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa sono infatti numerosi e, ad oggi, uno dei problemi principali da affrontare è quello del progressivo invecchiamento della popolazione. Dal momento che la forza lavoro mondiale sta invecchiando e che si sta rispondendo al problema spostando la linea del pensionamento, tutte le aziende sono obbligate a mantenere le persone il più a lungo possibile attive e motivate a lavoro. L’età è spesso visto come un fattore di diversità e di discriminazione, ma nello sviluppare la mia argomentazione, cercherò di dimostrare che una politica del lavoro che supporti l’idea dell’invecchiamento attivo può trasformare questo fattore da limite in opportunità. Il rispetto degli esseri umani, a prescindere dalle differenze legate all’età, dovrebbe essere uno dei valori fondanti di ogni impresa. Nel primo capitolo della tesi, svilupperò il tema della dignità umana così come è stato concepito a partire dalla filosofia greca fino alla modernità. La dignità intesa come valore ontologico, legato all’essenza dell’uomo, diventerà con Kant il fattore di uguaglianza tra tutti gli esseri viventi, la giustificazione del rispetto reciproco. Il concetto di dignità verrà, poi, definito nel secondo capitolo come il principale valore che deve ispirare l’azione sociale delle imprese, come l’elemento che garantisce il rispetto di ogni dipendente che prima ancora di essere un lavoratore è un essere umano. La dignità è ciò che rende l’essere umano degno di essere considerato un fine in se stesso piuttosto che un mezzo per il raggiungimento di un fine esterno. Nell’era della globalizzazione, dove il denaro è il valore principale, gli esseri umani rischiano di diventare un mezzo al servizio dell’economia. A questo punto, il rispetto della dignità deve divenire il fondamento di un ambiente di lavoro che promuove la crescita e la fioritura dell’essere umano. Nel secondo capitolo cercherò quindi di dimostrare come l’idea di dignità possa promuovere un management “umanistico” centrato sul rispetto dell’essere umano. Un’impresa socialmente responsabile può promuovere il rispetto di ogni lavoratore se fa propri i valori di dignità e uguaglianza. Attraverso la teoria dello Humanistic Management che veicola tali valori, il lavoro diventa un luogo in cui l’uomo può esprimere se stesso, la sua identità, le sue conoscenze e competenze. Inoltre, dal momento che la popolazione sta invecchiando, le aziende devono farsi carico della forza lavoro più anziana, come è emerso sopra. A questo punto, nel terzo capitolo, il concetto della Responsabilità Sociale d’Impresa sarà analizzato nel suo legame con i temi dell’invecchiamento attivo e della diversità sul posto di lavoro. Conosciamo diverse ragioni di differenza a lavoro: genere, cultura, etnia, competenze, ma qui ci concentreremo sul fattore età. È naturale che i lavoratori anziani abbiano un’idea di lavoro diversa da quella dei giovani e che le loro abilità siano differenti. Ma questa diversità non deve essere valutata come migliore o peggiore: essa dipende da fattori che analizzeremo e che l’impresa socialmente responsabile conosce e valorizza per creare un ambiente di lavoro stimolante e collaborativo, eliminando possibili conflitti intergenerazionali. Alcune delle teorie che permettono di raggiungere tali obiettivi sono il Diversity Management e l’Age Management: ogni impresa può promuovere pratiche per valorizzare gli anziani, permettendo loro di rimanere più a lungo attivi e proattivi a lavoro e di condividere le proprie conoscenze e competenze. L’ultimo capitolo della tesi si concentrerà su un caso di azienda italiana che ha sviluppato uno strumento di valorizzazione di collaboratori over 65. Sto parlando della Loccioni, presso cui ho svolto la ricerca applicata e che promuove il progetto Silverzone, un network di persone in pensione che hanno conosciuto l’azienda nel corso della loro carriera e che continuano a collaborare con essa ancora dopo il pensionamento. Per capire l’impatto qualitativo e quantitativo che il progetto ha sull’azienda, ho portato avanti un’analisi qualitativa dei dati ottenuti grazie a due tipi di questionari. Il primo ha visto il coinvolgimento dei 16 managers della Loccioni a cui sono state sottoposte le seguenti domande: 1. Chi sono i silver nella tua area di business? Quali i progetti in cui essi sono coinvolti? 2. Qual è il valore del loro supporto per l’azienda? E, allo stesso tempo, quali sono le difficoltà che possono incontrarsi durante queste collaborazioni? 3. Qual è la frequenza degli incontri con i silver? 4. Perché l’azienda ha bisogno di questo network? Successivamente, ho sottoposto un altro questionario agli 81 silver della rete. Di seguito i dettagli: 1. Qual è il tuo nome? 2. Dove sei nato? 3. Dove vivi? 4. Qual è stato il tuo percorso formativo? 5. Qual è stata la tua carriera professionale? 6. Come e con chi è avvenuto il primo contatto Loccioni? 7. Come sei venuto a conoscenza del progetto Silverzone? 8. Con quali dei collaboratori Loccioni stai lavorando? 9. In quali progetti sei coinvolto? 10. Potresti descrivere il progetto in tre parole? 11. Che significato ha per te fare parte di questa rete? 12. Nella tua opinione, come deve essere il Silver? 13. Che tipo di relazioni hai con i collaboratori Loccioni? 14. Quali dimensioni umane (dono, relazione, comunità, rispetto) e professionali (innovazione, tecnologia, rete) emergono lavorando in questo progetto? Il progetto Silverzone è sicuramente una buona pratica di Age Management per mantenere più a lungo attivi i lavoratori over 65. I progetti in cui i Silver sono coinvolti hanno un importante impatto economico sull’impresa, in termini di investimento ma anche di guadagno. Ad ogni modo, qui la necessità di fare profitto, stando a quanto è emerso dai risultati delle interviste, è subordinata al più alto valore del rispetto dei bisogni umani che diventa garante di un posto di lavoro comfortable, dove si riesce a stringere relazioni piacevoli, collaborative e produttive.
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