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Relevant bibliographies by topics / 15N Labeling

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Academic literature on the topic '15N Labeling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 July 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "15N Labeling"

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Mylne, Joshua S., and David J. Craik. "15N cyclotides by whole plant labeling." Biopolymers 90, no. 4 (2008): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.21012.

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Xie, Wancui, Min Li, Lin Song, Rui Zhang, Xiaoqun Hu, Chengzhu Liang, and Xihong Yang. "15N Stable Isotope Labeling PSTs in Alexandrium minutum for Application of PSTs as Biomarker." Toxins 11, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11040211.

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The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum (A. minutum) which can produce paralyticshellfish toxins (PSTs) is often used as a model to study the migration, biotransformation,accumulation, and removal of PSTs. However, the mechanism is still unclear. To provide a new toolfor related studies, we tried to label PSTs metabolically with 15N stable isotope to obtain 15N-PSTsinstead of original 14N, which could be treated as biomarker on PSTs metabolism. We then culturedthe A. minutum AGY-H46 which produces toxins GTX1-4 in f/2 medium of different 15N/Pconcentrations. The 15N-PSTs’ toxicity and toxin profile were detected. Meanwhile, the 15N labelingabundance and 15N atom number of 15N-PSTs were identified. The 14N of PSTs produced by A.minutum can be successfully replaced by 15N, and the f/2 medium of standard 15N/P concentrationwas the best choice in terms of the species’ growth, PST profile, 15N labeling result and experimentcost. After many (>15) generations, the 15N abundance in PSTs extract reached 82.36%, and the 15Natom number introduced into GTX1-4 might be 4–6. This paper innovatively provided the initialevidence that 15N isotope application of labeling PSTs in A. minutum is feasible. The 15N-PSTs asbiomarker can be applied and provide further information on PSTs metabolism.

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Deev, Sergey L., Igor A. Khalymbadzha, Tatyana S. Shestakova, Valery N. Charushin, and Oleg N. Chupakhin. "15N labeling and analysis of 13C–15N and 1H–15N couplings in studies of the structures and chemical transformations of nitrogen heterocycles." RSC Advances 9, no. 46 (2019): 26856–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04825a.

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This review provides a generalization of effective examples of ¹⁵N labeling followed by an analysis of J_CN and J_HN couplings in solution as a tool to study the structural aspects and pathways of chemical transformations in nitrogen heterocycles.

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Zhang, Chunchao, Yifan Liu, and Philip C. Andrews. "Quantification of histone modifications using 15N metabolic labeling." Methods 61, no. 3 (June 2013): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.02.004.

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Sun, Zhaoan, Shuxia Wu, Biao Zhu, Yiwen Zhang, Roland Bol, Qing Chen, and Fanqiao Meng. "Variation of 13C and 15N enrichments in different plant components of labeled winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." PeerJ 7 (October 2, 2019): e7738. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7738.

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Information on the homogeneity and distribution of 13carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) labeling in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is limited. We conducted a dual labeling experiment to evaluate the variability of 13C and 15N enrichment in aboveground parts of labeled winter wheat plants. Labeling with 13C and 15N was performed on non-nitrogen fertilized (−N) and nitrogen fertilized (+N, 250 kg N ha−1) plants at the elongation and grain filling stages. Aboveground parts of wheat were destructively sampled at 28 days after labeling. As winter wheat growth progressed, δ13C values of wheat ears increased significantly, whereas those of leaves and stems decreased significantly. At the elongation stage, N addition tended to reduce the aboveground δ13C values through dilution of C uptake. At the two stages, upper (newly developed) leaves were more highly enriched with 13C compared with that of lower (aged) leaves. Variability between individual wheat plants and among pots at the grain filling stage was smaller than that at the elongation stage, especially for the −N treatment. Compared with those of 13C labeling, differences in 15N excess between aboveground components (leaves and stems) under 15N labeling conditions were much smaller. We conclude that non-N fertilization and labeling at the grain filling stage may produce more uniformly 13C-labeled wheat materials, whereas the materials were more highly 13C-enriched at the elongation stage, although the δ13C values were more variable. The 15N-enriched straw tissues via urea fertilization were more uniformly labeled at the grain filling stage compared with that at the elongation stage.

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Ambrosano, Edmilson José, Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin, Heitor Cantarella, Raffaella Rossetto, Takashi Muraoka, José Albertino Bendassolli, Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, Luciano Grassi Tamiso, Felipe de Campos Vieira, and Ithamar Prada Neto. "Nitrogen-15 labeling of Crotalaria juncea green manure." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 1 (February 2003): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000100027.

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Most studies dealing with the utilization of 15N labeled plant material do not present details about the labeling technique. This is especially relevant for legume species since biological nitrogen fixation difficults plant enrichment. A technique was developed for labeling leguminous plant tissue with 15N to obtain labeled material for nitrogen dynamics studies. Sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) was grown on a Paleudalf, under field conditions. An amount of 58.32 g of urea with 70.57 ± 0.04 atom % 15N was sprayed three times on plants grown on eight 6-m²-plots. The labelled material presented 2.412 atom % 15N in a total dry matter equivalent to 9 Mg ha-1 This degree of enrichment enables the use of the green manure in pot or field experiments requiring 15N-labeled material.

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Pavlik, James W., Chuchawin Changtong, and Vikki M. Tsefrikas. "Photochemistry of Phenyl-Substituted 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles.15N-Labeling Studies‡." Journal of Organic Chemistry 68, no. 12 (June 2003): 4855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo0340915.

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Heikkinen, Harri A., Sofia M. Backlund, and Hideo Iwaï. "NMR Structure Determinations of Small Proteins Using only One Fractionally 20% 13C- and Uniformly 100% 15N-Labeled Sample." Molecules 26, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030747.

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Uniformly 13C- and 15N-labeled samples ensure fast and reliable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assignments of proteins and are commonly used for structure elucidation by NMR. However, the preparation of uniformly labeled samples is a labor-intensive and expensive step. Reducing the portion of 13C-labeled glucose by a factor of five using a fractional 20% 13C- and 100% 15N-labeling scheme could lower the total chemical costs, yet retaining sufficient structural information of uniformly [13C, 15N]-labeled sample as a result of the improved sensitivity of NMR instruments. Moreover, fractional 13C-labeling can facilitate reliable resonance assignments of sidechains because of the biosynthetic pathways of each amino-acid. Preparation of only one [20% 13C, 100% 15N]-labeled sample for small proteins (<15 kDa) could also eliminate redundant sample preparations of 100% 15N-labeled and uniformly 100% [13C, 15N]-labeled samples of proteins. We determined the NMR structures of a small alpha-helical protein, the C domain of IgG-binding protein A from Staphylococcus aureus (SpaC), and a small beta-sheet protein, CBM64 module using [20% 13C, 100% 15N]-labeled sample and compared with the crystal structures and the NMR structures derived from the 100% [13C, 15N]-labeled sample. Our results suggest that one [20% 13C, 100% 15N]-labeled sample of small proteins could be routinely used as an alternative to conventional 100% [13C, 15N]-labeling for backbone resonance assignments, NMR structure determination, 15N-relaxation analysis, and ligand–protein interaction.

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Castillo, L., L. Beaumier, A. M. Ajami, and V. R. Young. "Whole body nitric oxide synthesis in healthy men determined from [15N] arginine-to-[15N]citrulline labeling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93, no. 21 (October 15, 1996): 11460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.21.11460.

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McClatchy, Daniel B., Meng-Qiu Dong, Christine C. Wu, John D. Venable, and John R. Yates. "15N Metabolic Labeling of Mammalian Tissue with Slow Protein Turnover." Journal of Proteome Research 6, no. 5 (May 2007): 2005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/pr060599n.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "15N Labeling"

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Changtong, Chuchawin. "Synthesis and photochemistry of phenyl subtituted-1,2,4-thiadiazoles; 15N-labeling studies." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050505-090309/.

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Smyth, Patrick. "Studying the Temporal Dynamics of the Gut Microbiota Using Metabolic Stable Isotope Labeling and Metaproteomics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42344.

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The gut microbiome and its metabolic processes are dynamic systems. Surprisingly, our understanding of gut microbiome dynamics is limited. Here we report a metaproteomic workflow that involves protein stable isotope probing (protein-SIP) and identification/quantification of partially labeled peptides. We also developed a package, which we call MetaProfiler, that corrects for false identifications and performs phylogenetic and time series analysis for the study of microbiome dynamics. From the stool sample of five mice that were fed with 15-N hydrolysate from Ralstonia eutropha, we identified 15,297 non-redundant unlabeled peptides of which 10,839 of their heavy counterparts were quantified. These peptides revealed incorporation profiles over time that were different between and within taxa, as well as between and within clusters of orthologous groups (COGs). Our study helps unravel the complex dynamics of protein synthesis and bacterial dynamics in the mouse gut microbiome.

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Ritter, Wilma [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Matyssek, Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] Beyschlag, and Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnyder. "Carbon and nitrogen allocation of juvenile and adult beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) trees under contrasting ozone exposure and competition: a 13C/12C and 15N/14N labeling approach / Wilma Ritter. Gutachter: Wolfram Beyschlag ; Johannes Schnyder ; Rainer Matyssek. Betreuer: Rainer Matyssek." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1055960511/34.

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Ritter, Wilma Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Matyssek, Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] [Beyschlag, and Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnyder. "Carbon and nitrogen allocation of juvenile and adult beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) trees under contrasting ozone exposure and competition: a 13C/12C and 15N/14N labeling approach / Wilma Ritter. Gutachter: Wolfram Beyschlag ; Johannes Schnyder ; Rainer Matyssek. Betreuer: Rainer Matyssek." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20110120-982244-1-2.

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Jayawardena, Dileepa M. "Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Plus Chronic Warming on Plant Nitrogen Relations and Leaf Hyponasty." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1588865503446332.

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Pears, Katrina. "Investigating nitrogen transfer between plants in agricultural grassland by using a 15N stable isotope labelling approach." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/bce1a3d6-218a-43aa-9033-788fc3432c72.

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The world’s population is predicted to reach 9.5 billion by 2050. This will put increasing pressure on already stretched food supplies. Previously, food supply has been increased by the use of synthetic fertilisers, particularly the use of nitrogen (N). However, fertilisers provide an unsustainable source of N, due to high energy demands for production as well as over-application and inadequate matching of fertiliser application to crop demand (synchrony). One solution to this global problem is the use of legumes, such as white clover (Trifolium repens L.), which are capable of fixing atmospheric N2, N can then be supplied to an associated non-legume crop. To date, legume and non-legume cropping systems have seen little application due to a lack of understanding of the unique N-transfer pathway. Three major belowground pathways have been identified: plant exudation, legume decomposition and mycorrhizae associations. A better understanding of the different N-transfer pathways is needed to maximise the benefits of the association and to develop appropriate land-use management strategies, this is addressed by this research. The research has focused on developing and validating a method for introducing a 15N-label to white clover and following the N-transfer through the plant and soil systems into associated perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The method developed comprised a split-root labelling technique, enabling CO(15NH2)2 to be injected into a sand-filled labelling compartment. This allowed substantial 15N enrichment to be achieved, facilitating the investigation of the routing and controls on N-transfer within an agricultural soil. Laboratory experiments revealed that under normal conditions N-transfer from clover to ryegrass, as a proportion of non-legume N derived from the transfer of legume root N (NdftR), provided on average 2.67% of N. However, similar amounts of N were transferred in the reverse direction (1.98%), showing evidence for bi-directional flow. Incorporation of clover shoots into ryegrass soil, significantly increased NdftR (9.34%), whilst, clover exudates are likely to represent about one-third of total N-transfer. Perturbing N-transfer through modifications to the soil biota was shown to increase N-transfer (sterilised soil > weevil addition > fungi addition), although not significantly. Application of compound-specific amino acid (AA) techniques enabled the investigation of whether different N-transfer pathways influenced the distribution of 15N-label within the pool of soil AAs, thereby assessing microbial N assimilation and routing of N. Overall, there was a very low percentage incorporation of the applied 15N-label into individual AAs, although the percentage depended on the individual experiment, with total incorporation into the soil protein pool ranging from 0.1 to 2.4%. The majority of experiments revealed preferential routing into glutamic acid due to its central role within AA biosynthesis, which was seen to be similar to those AAs with the closest biochemical proximity. A key achievement from this research was the development of a robust repeatable method which allows easy manipulation and the investigation of a range of different treatments on N-transfer from clover-to-ryegrass. New insights into the effect of plant stress through 15N leaf-labelling or clover shoot removal were observed, resulting in significant reductions in the concentrations of soil hydrolysable AAs, questioning the use of the commonly used leaf-labelling technique and the effects of defoliation on N cycling and ecosystem functioning. The results generated from studying different N-transfer pathways revealed the importance of decomposition in N-transfer, revealing the rapid decomposition and N release of clover shoot material. This finding is extremely useful in developing land-use management strategies, where incorporation of clover shoot residues into soil can provide sustainable amounts of N in the short-term, which can improve the synchrony between clover and ryegrass, potentially increasing productivity and sustainability.

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Kohlmann, Yvonne. "Charakterisierung des Proteoms von Ralstonia eutropha H16 unter lithoautotrophen und anaeroben Bedingungen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17236.

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Das Biopolymer-produzierende Knallgasbakterium Ralstonia eutropha H16 gilt mit seinem außergewöhnlichen Stoffwechsel als vielversprechender Produktionsstamm für die weiße Biotechnologie. Es wächst auf einer Vielzahl organischer Substrate sowie chemolithoautotroph mit H2 und CO2 als einzige Energie- bzw. Kohlenstoffquelle. Unter anaeroben Bedingungen ist es zudem zur Denitrifikation befähigt. In dieser Arbeit wurde das Proteinprofil von R. eutropha unter chemolithoautotrophen sowie anaeroben Bedingungen mittels GeLC-MS/MS untersucht. Beide Proteomstudien offenbarten, dass die Nutzung unterschiedlicher Elektronendonoren bzw. -akzeptoren mit zahlreichen Veränderungen im Proteinbestand der Zellen einherging. Hierbei waren neben Proteinen metabolischer und Transportprozesse auch jene der Zellbewegung betroffen. Die Ergebnisse stellen im Vergleich zu vorangegangenen Studien den bisher umfassendsten Überblick zum Proteinbestand beim H2-basierten sowie anaeroben Wachstum in R. eutropha dar. Von besonderer Bedeutung war dabei das Einbinden der Analyse der Membran als Ort wichtiger Energie- und Transportprozesse. Besonderes Interesse galt einem unter H2/CO2-Bedingungen abundanten Zweikomponentensystem. Sequenzvergleiche zeigten Ähnlichkeit zum Regulationssystem der Katabolitrepression des Biphenylabbaus in Acidovorax sp. KKS102. Die Deletion des Response-Regulator-Gens führte zu vielfältigen Wachstumseffekten auf Substraten wie Fructose, Glycerin sowie auf H2/CO2. Der pleiotrope Phänotyp sowie die Ergebnisse von Genexpressionsstudien und der Suche nach Regulator-Bindestellen lassen eine globale Rolle des Systems im Energie- und/oder Kohlenstoffmetabolismus von R. eutropha H16 annehmen. Histidin-Kinase und Response Regulator wurden in GloS bzw. GloR umbenannt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt eindrucksvoll das Potential der Proteomik als Teil der funktionellen Genomik für den Anstoß neuer Forschungsansätze zur Evaluierung des biotechnologischen Potentials von Mikroorganismen.
Due to its remarkable metabolism the bioplastic-producing “Knallgas” bacterium Ralstonia eutropha H16 is ranked as a promising production strain for white biotechnology. It grows on a wide range of organic substrates as well as lithoautotrophically on H2 and CO2 as sole energy and carbon source, respectively. Under anaerobic conditions it thrives by denitrification. This thesis focused on characterizing the protein profiles of lithoautotrophically and anaerobically grown R. eutropha cells. Proteome analyses revealed an extensive protein repertoire adapting the organism to alternative electron donors and acceptors, respectively. Changes concerned proteins involved in metabolic and transport processes as well as in cell movement. Compared to previous studies the results reported here offer the most comprehensive proteomic survey regarding the H2-based as well as anaerobic lifestyle of R. eutropha so far. In this context analyzing the cell membrane as a place for a number of energy, transport and signal transduction processes was of particular importance. Special interest aroused the identification of a two-component system upregulated on H2/CO2. Sequence analysis offered high similarity to the regulatory system for catabolite control of biphenyl degradation in Acidovorax sp. KKS102. Deletion of the response regulator gene led to versatile growth effects on substrates such as fructose and glycerol as well as H2/CO2. This pleiotrophic phenotype as well as the results of gene expression studies and the search for regulator binding sites suggests that the two-component system is a global player in energy and/or carbon metabolism in R. eutropha and possibly other bacteria. Thus, histidine kinase and response regulator have been renamed GloS/R. Since their characterization was initiated by proteomic data this study impressively elucidates the power of functional genomics in terms of revealing new research approaches to evaluate the biotechnological use of microbes.

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Cazenave, Alexandre-Brice. "Réponse adaptative à court terme de la fixation symbiotique du pois protéagineux à une ablation d'une partie des racines nodulées, en lien avec la disponibilité en assimilats carbonés." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS018/document.

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La fixation symbiotique d’N par les légumineuses est très sensible aux ravageurs, provoquant des dommages sur les racines nodulées, avec un impact sur la fixation d’N et la croissance qui demeure mal connu. Nous avons alors analysé la réponse adaptative de la fixation symbiotique et de la croissance du pois Frisson sauvage et 3 de ses mutants hypernodulants P64, P118 et P121, respectivement mutés sur les gènes SYM28, SYM29 et NOD3, à une ablation de la moitié du système racinaire, en fin de phase végétative. La réponse adaptative a été mesurée 8 jours après ablation, dans des conditions d'alimentation en carbone par la photosynthèse variées. A 380 ppm, le mutant P118 a montré la plus faible diminution de l’activité spécifique de fixation (-17%) suite à l’ablation comparé au sauvage et aux 2 autres mutants (-36% à -62%) associé à une accélération chez les mutants P118 et P121 et un maintien (sauvage et P64) de la croissance des nodosités. A 150 ppm, suite à l’ablation, l’activité spécifique de fixation symbiotique par les nodosités a été diminuée (sauvage), maintenue (P64 et P118) ou augmentée (P121), associée à une accélération (sauvage et P121) ou un maintien (P64 et P118) de la croissance des nodosités. A 750 ppm, l’activité spécifique de fixation a diminué suite à l’ablation pour tous les génotypes, associée à un ralentissement (P64), un maintien (P118, sauvage) ou une faible accélération (P121) de la croissance des nodosités. Les résultats montrent une plus grande capacité de la fixation symbiotique des mutants hypernodulants (P118 et P121 essentiellement) à résister au stress provoqué par l’ablation
Symbiotic N fixation of legumes is very sensitive to environmental stresses, like pea pests damaging nodulated roots. However, the impact on their N uptake capacity and plant growth has not been studied so far.We analyzed the adaptive response symbiotic N2 fixation and plant growth of pea wild type Frisson and hypernodulating mutants P64, P118 and P121 mutated respectively on genes SYM28, SYM29 and NOD3 to root pruning of half the root system at the end of the vegetative stage. The adaptive responses of pea: cv. Frisson and 3 of its hypernodulating mutants were compared under varying carbon supplies from photosynthesis.At 380 ppm, mutant P118 showed the lowest decrease of the specific activity of N fixation (-17%) following root pruning compared to the wild type and the 2 others mutants (-36% to -62%), associated to an acceleration (P118 and P121) and a maintained (wild type and P64) nodule growth. At 150 ppm, following root pruning, specific activity of N fixation of nodules decreased in wild type, was maintained in P64 and P118 and increased in P121. At 750 ppm, specific activity of N fixation of nodules decreased for all genotypes following root pruning, associated to a maintained nodule growth in wild type and P118, a slower growth in P64 and acceleration in P121.Our results showed a greater capacity of hypernodulating mutants P118 and P121 to withstand the stress induced by root pruning of half the root system

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Giles, David Clifford. "Visual memory and spelling in 13 year olds." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/18a85c9b-bb40-4f62-a23f-77988ca36405.

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Cheston, R. I. L. "Special education leavers in Central Scotland : A socio psychological perspective." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233809.

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Books on the topic "15N Labeling"

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Laurent, Brice, and Alexandre Mallard, eds. Labelling the Economy. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1498-2.

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Jensen, E. S. Use of 15N Enriched Plant Material for labelling of soil nitrogen in legume dinitrogen fixaton experiments. Roskilde: Riso Library, 1989.

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Northern Ireland. Statutory Rules and Orders. 1989 No. 152: Food and drugs: composition and labelling : preservatives in food regulations (Northern Ireland) 1989. Belfast: H. M. S. O., 1989.

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Isotope Labeling of Biomolecules - Labeling Methods. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(15)x0017-6.

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Isotope Labeling of Biomolecules - Applications. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(15)x0020-6.

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Risk-based food inspection manual for the Caribbean. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121238.

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[Introduction] This manual contains guidance for risk-based inspections of food processing, preparation, retail and restaurants that countries can consult and adapt/adopt in developing a risk-based food business inspection program for their specific context. It is intended to help countries implement risk-based inspection systems that are consistent with international standards. This document builds on the FAO Risk Based Food Inspection manual (2008) and draws on the more recent guidance developed for governments by Codex Alimentarius, in particular, the Principles and Guidelines for National Food Control Systems (CAC/GL 82-2013) and the General Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/RCP 1-1969). Table of contents RISK-BASED FOOD INSPECTION MANUAL FOR THE CARIBBEAN | Contributions and Acknowledgement | SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION | SECTION 2 - GUIDING PRINCIPLES AND TERMINOLOGY | Guiding Principles | Terminology | SECTION 3 - RISK-BASED INSPECTION PLANNING AND REPORTING | National Food Profiles | Risk categorization for food | Risk categorization for food businesses | Risk-based inspection planning | General | Establishing inspection priorities | Developing an annual plan | Risk Based Inspection System Reporting | Delivery of planned activities | Program effectiveness | Conclusion | SECTION 4 - PROCEDURES FOR RISK BASED INSPECTION | Types or categories of food business inspection | General guidance | Preparation for the inspection | INSPECTION GUIDELINES AND PROCEDURES | Opening meeting | Guidance 1: Opening Meeting (Medium to large food businesses) | Guidance 2: Opening meeting (Micro and Small food businesses) | Documentation Review | Guidance 3: Documentation review of food businesses with written food control processes | Outside review | Guidance 4: Food business: Outside exterior inspection | Guidance 5: Food business (without a permanent building) outside inspection | Inside review | Guidance 6: Food business (inside) inspection | Guidance 7: Bakeries | Guidance 8: Bottling drinks | Guidance 9: Eggs | Guidance 10: Fish and Fish products | Guidance 11: Market vendors, bulk sales of fruit, vegetables, spices, rice, pulses | Guidance 12: Milk, Dairy | Guidance 13: Poultry and Meat | Guidance 14: Restaurant/Cooked Food | Guidance 15: Retail | Guidance 16: Street food | Guidance 17: Warehouses, Storage facilities | Closing meeting, reporting and follow up | Guidance 18: Medium to Large Food Businesses | Guidance 19: Small and Micro Food Businesses | APPENDIX | Appendix 1: National food profiles | Appendix 2: Food Risks (Information and examples) | Appendix 3: Food business risk scores (draft) form | Appendix 4: Rating guide | Decision tree for rating level of non-compliance | Appendix 5: Inspection Report and Corrective Action Form | Appendix 6: Guidance on Labelling Review (Generic) | Appendix 7: Planning Example | Appendix 8: Case Studies | Case study 1: Retail | Case study 2: Small manufacturer of condiments | Case study 3: street food (doubles) | GLOSSARY | REFERENCES

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Book chapters on the topic "15N Labeling"

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Park, Jane H., and Wolfgang E. Trommer. "Approaches to the Chemical Synthesis of 15N and Deuterium Substituted Spin Labels." In Spin Labeling, 615–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0743-3_13.

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Park, Jane H., and Wolfgang E. Trommer. "Advantages of 15N and Deuterium Spin Probes for Biomedical Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Investigations." In Spin Labeling, 547–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0743-3_11.

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Maccarrone, Giuseppina, Alon Chen, and Michaela D. Filiou. "Using 15N-Metabolic Labeling for Quantitative Proteomic Analyses." In Multiplex Biomarker Techniques, 235–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6730-8_20.

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Gouw, Joost W., Bastiaan B. J. Tops, and Jeroen Krijgsveld. "Metabolic Labeling of Model Organisms Using Heavy Nitrogen (15N)." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 29–42. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-148-2_2.

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Otto, Andreas. "Metabolic Labeling of Microorganisms with Stable Heavy Nitrogen Isotopes (15N)." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 175–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8695-8_13.

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Minkoff, Benjamin B., Heather L. Burch, and Michael R. Sussman. "A Pipeline for 15N Metabolic Labeling and Phosphoproteome Analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 353–79. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-580-4_19.

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Thomas, Martin, Nicola Huck, Wolfgang Hoehenwarter, Uwe Conrath, and Gerold J. M. Beckers. "Combining Metabolic 15N Labeling with Improved Tandem MOAC for Enhanced Probing of the Phosphoproteome." In Plant Phosphoproteomics, 81–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2648-0_6.

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Kumarasinghe, K. S., and D. L. Eskew. "Use of 15N labelled ammonium sulphate and 15N-labelled urea as a source for labelling Azolla with 15N." In Isotopic Studies of Azolla and Nitrogen Fertilization of Rice, 23–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1681-7_4.

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Laurent, Brice, and Alexandre Mallard. "Introduction Labels in Economic and Political Life: Studying Labelling in Contemporary Markets." In Labelling the Economy, 1–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1498-2_1.

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Busch, Lawrence. "Contested Terrain: The Ongoing Struggles over Food Labels, Standards and Standards for Labels." In Labelling the Economy, 33–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1498-2_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "15N Labeling"

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"Assessment of Formula-Based Structural Annotation of Humic Substances by Mild Chemical Derivatization and Mass Spectrometry." In Sixth International Conference on Humic Innovative Technologies "Humic Substances and Eco-Adaptive Technologies ”(HIT – 2021). Non-Commercial Partnership "Center for Biogenic Resources "Humus Sapiens" (NP CBR "Humus Sapiens"), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36291/hit.2021.mikhnevich.002.

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Natural organic matter (NOM) plays an important role in the environment and its chemical properties and molecular composition reflect balance between mineralization and sequestration of organic carbon. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (e.g., FTICR MS) provides essential molecular information about NOM. However, NOM molecular heterogeneity prevents application of tandem MS experiments and direct structural information is ultimately missing leaving opportunities to only ambiguous formula-based annotation. The main aim of this work was to develop a chemical workflow to reliably examine the accuracy of several FTICR MS-derived structural indices with the focus on aromaticity and O-functional groups, which greatly impact compound properties. Four NOM samples of different origin (coal, oxidized lignin, river, and permafrost thaw) were brominated by NBS in acetonitrile for 24 hrs at RT. Carboxylic groups in all samples were determined by selective deuteromethylation using CD 3OD/SOCl2 reaction and by HATU amidation with 15N labeled glycine. Carbonyl groups were reduced by NaBD4. All parent and labeled mixtures were analyzed by ESI FTCR MS. Custom python scripts were developed to treat spectra and enumerate specific structural moieties in individual components. Obtained data was used to assess reliability of exact aromaticity indices (AI)1 and aromaticity equivalents (Xc) 2. Lignin- and coal-derived samples turned out to be the most sensitive to bromination which corroborated with the model phenolic structures. On contrary, permafrost thaw, which is enriched with labile species, was mostly resistant to bromination - 22% of molecular ions were brominated. Moreover, unlike oxidized riverine sample, coal NOM included polybrominated species, which implies that reaction efficiency depends on reactivity (i.e. substituents) of aromatic fragments. Samples were characterized by drastically different bromine distributions on van Krevelen diagrams, which correlated with the distribution of non-carboxylic oxygen atoms. Further, we compared AI and Xc aromaticity indices in terms of the proportion of correctly assigned aromatics. The data on brominated molecules were in good agreement with the AI values; however, apparently AI tends to overestimate the number of non-aromatics in the sample since it describe averaged aromaticity rather than the factual presence of aromatic ring. On the other hand, Xc perfectly recognized non-aromatics. In general, a higher proportion of correctly attributed aromatics was observed for the aromaticity equivalent Xc (up to 68%), which tends to find aromatic moieties in non-aromatic molecules assigned by AI. Still, we observed a number of aromatic- and condensed aromatic-assigned compounds, which were resistant to bromination or included lesser Br-atoms than the evaluated number of aromatic rings. Reaction with NaBD4 and enumeration of labeling series revealed the presence of carbonyl groups in these species, which in case of multiple reducing could be reliably assigned to quinone – condensed non-aromatic compounds. The approach may be of great importance in biogeochemical and medicinal studies of NOM. Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation gran No 21-47-04405. References 1. Zherebker, A., Lechtenfeld, O. J., Sarycheva, A., Kostyukevich, Y., Kharybin, O., Fedoros, E. I. and Nikolaev, E. N. Anal. Chem., 2020, 92 (13), 9032-9038; 2. Yassine, M.M., Harir, M., Dabek-Zlotorzynska, E. and Schmitt-Kopplin, P. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2014, 28, 2445-2454.

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Baruch, Mor, Pierre Fraigniaud, and Boaz Patt-Shamir. "Randomized Proof-Labeling Schemes." In PODC '15: ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2767386.2767421.

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Alstrup, Stephen, Haim Kaplan, Mikkel Thorup, and Uri Zwick. "Adjacency Labeling Schemes and Induced-Universal Graphs." In STOC '15: Symposium on Theory of Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2746539.2746545.

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Mazalov, Alexey, Bruno Martins, and David Matos. "Spatial role labeling with convolutional neural networks." In GIR '15: 9th Workshop on Geographic Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2837689.2837706.

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Berthier, R., A. Duperray, O. Valiron, M. Prenant, I. Newton, and A. Schweitzer. "MEGAKARYOCYTIC DEVELOPMENT IN LIQUID CULTURES OF CRYOPRESERVED LEUKOCYTE STEM CELL CONCENTRATES FROM CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA PATIENTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644622.

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The proliferation and differentiation of human megakaryocytes in liquid culture has been obtained using cryopreserved light density blood cell concentrates from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. These cryopreserved leukocytes concentrates contain a large number of viable granulo-monocytic, erythroid and megakaryocytic committed stem cells. A high number of spontaneous megakaryocytic colonies was observed in semisolid cultures plated with the CML leukocytes concentrates. A liquid culture system using RPMI 1640 supplemented with 20% human plasma (HP) has been defined where maturing megakaryocytes make up 20 to 60% of the total cells after 14 days of incubation. The same cell suspension cultured in medium supplemented with 20% foetal calf serum (FCS) showed poor megakaryocytic cell development. The megakaryocytic nature of the cells produced in HP supplemented cultures was confirmed by cytological studies and indirect immunofluorescence labeling using monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) against membrane platelet GPIb and Ilbllla, and intracellular antigens like fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor.Ploidy of the cultured cells was studied after labeling with propidium iodide and the DNA fluorescence determined using the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACSIV). Peaks of 8N, 16N and 32N cells were observed from HP supplemented cultures representing about 20% of the cells reacting with a GP11b111 a MoAb, while very few cells greater than 4N were observed in FCS supplemented cultures. The megakaryocytes produced in HP cultures could be further enriched by cell sorting on the FACSIV after labeling with an anti-IIbIIIa MoAb. Depending on the initial megakaryocytic concentration of the cells cultured, one to 2 é 106 megakaryocytes per hour could be harvested. Thus, cryopreserved CML blood stem cell concentrates seem to offer a reproducible source of human megakaryocytes which retain their capacity to proliferate and differentiate in liquid cultures supplemented with human plasma. These megakaryocytes can be used for the study of platelet glycoprotein biosynthesis as well as the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis.

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Yao, Yazhou, Jian Zhang, Fumin Shen, Wankou Yang, Xian-Sheng Hua, and Zhenmin Tang. "Extracting Privileged Information from Untagged Corpora for Classifier Learning." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/151.

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The performance of data-driven learning approaches is often unsatisfactory when the training data is inadequate either in quantity or quality. Manually labeled privileged information (PI), \eg attributes, tags or properties, is usually incorporated to improve classifier learning. However, the process of manually labeling is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this issue, we propose to enhance classifier learning by extracting PI from untagged corpora, which can effectively eliminate the dependency on manually labeled data. In detail, we treat each selected PI as a subcategory and learn one classifier for per subcategory independently. The classifiers for all subcategories are then integrated together to form a more powerful category classifier. Particularly, we propose a new instance-level multi-instance learning (MIL) model to simultaneously select a subset of training images from each subcategory and learn the optimal classifiers based on the selected images. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our approach.

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Kieffer, N., L. Edelman, P. Edelman, C. Legrand, J. Breton-Gori us, and W. Vainchenker. "A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST AN ERYTHROID ONTOGENIC ANTIGEN IDENTIFIES GP IV ON HUMAN PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643532.

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A murine monoclonal antibody (FA6-152), obtained by immunizing mice with fetal human erythrocytes agglutinated fetal but not adult erythrocytes and bound to both adultand fetal monocytes, platelets andreticulocytes. The antibody did not react with lymphocytes or granulocytes (P. Edelman et al., Blood, 1986, 67, 56). Fluorescent labeling of marrow cells and of in vitro BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-MK derivedcolonies revealed that the antigen defined by FA6 was absent from the granulocytic precursors and was detected on the megakaryo-cytic lineage at a later stage of differentiation than major platelet membraneglycoprotein markers. In contrast,the antigen appeared as a very early marker of erythroid differentiation.In the present report, we performed immunoprecipitation experiments on surface labeled platelets toidentify the platelet FA6 antigen.A band of apparent Mr - 85,000 wasimmunoprecipitated from iodinated platelets. This band was also revealed after periodate/Na[3H]BH4 orneuraminidase galactose oxidase/Na[3H]BH4 surface labeling of the platelets, providing evidence that the FA6 antigen corresponds to platelet GP IV. Preliminary studies revealed that FA6-IgG inhibited platelet aggregation induced by low doses of thrombin without affecting the platelet release reaction. Our results therefore suggest that GP IV, which isa multi-lineage hematopoietic differentiation marker, could play a role in cell-cell or cell-substrateinteractions common to different hematopoietic cell types.

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Cavigelli, Lukas, Michele Magno, and Luca Benini. "Accelerating real-time embedded scene labeling with convolutional networks." In DAC '15: The 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference 2015. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2744769.2744788.

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Rabbi, Mashfiqui, Jean Costa, Fabian Okeke, Max Schachere, Mi Zhang, and Tanzeem Choudhury. "An intelligent crowd-worker selection approach for reliable content labeling of food images." In WH '15: Wireless Health 2015 Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2811780.2811955.

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Postupalenko, Viktoriia, Léo Marx, David Viertl, Natalia Gasilova, Mathilde Plantin, Nadège Gsponer, Alexandre Johanssen, et al. "Abstract 1304: AbYlinkTM: A site-selective labeling method for preclinical imaging of therapeutic antibodies." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1304.

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