Academic literature on the topic '1590s'
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Journal articles on the topic "1590s"
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Nakajima, Keiichi. "THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SILVER CURRENCY IN KYOTO." International Journal of Asian Studies 5, no. 2 (July 2008): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591408000156.
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AbstractThe discovery in 1526 of the Iwami Ōmori silver deposits enabled Japan to become, by the 1540s, China's largest supplier of silver. This status was surpassed only in the 1570s, when large amounts of South American silver began to be delivered to southeast China via Manila. Despite the popularity of silver in the conduct of foreign trade, until the end of the sixteenth century it rarely played a part in Japanese domestic transactions. Even in Kyoto, capital of medieval Japan, it was gold, not silver, that was used for gifts and remittances. When for political reasons the Mōri clan donated the Ōmori silver mine to the court and Muromachi Bakufu, the flow of silver into Kyoto commenced in earnest. During the late 1560s gold assumed the characteristics of a fully functional currency, a development that paved the way for silver too, by the end of that decade, to become a major form of currency for domestic transactions involving imported items. During the 1570s usage of silver expanded to include other types of transactions. The 1580s and 1590s witnessed its firm establishment as currency, thus laying the foundation for the role of Kyoto in the early modern sphere of silver currency usage.
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ARCHER, IAN W. "THE BURDEN OF TAXATION ON SIXTEENTH-CENTURY LONDON." Historical Journal 44, no. 3 (September 2001): 599–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x01001935.
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This article seeks to establish the burden of direct taxation in the city of London in the sixteenth century. Previous discussions have been confined to the yield of parliamentary subsidies which cannot give a full picture because of the way responsibility for equipping military levies was increasingly devolved on to the locality. Estimates of the costs of the various additional military levies are therefore made. Innovations in parliamentary taxation enabled the crown to levy extraordinary sums in the 1540s, but they required a level of intervention by the privy council which Elizabeth's government was not prepared to make. The subsidy performed especially badly in London in the later sixteenth century. Local military rates compensated to some extent, but tax levels in real terms were very much lower in the 1590s than the 1540s. Nevertheless taxation was becoming increasingly regressive, which helps explain the greater level of complaint in the 1590s.
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Szabó, András. "Companion to Central and Eastern European Humanism, Volume 2, The Czech Lands, Part 1, A–L, ed. by Lucie Storchová, Berlin–Boston, de Gruyter, 2020." Magyar Könyvszemle 137, no. 1 (November 23, 2021): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17167/mksz.2021.1.129-130.
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Egy impozáns angol nyelvű kézikönyv első fele készült el a cseh humanistákról, amely egy fontos nemzetközi vállalkozás és kutatási program része. A Kiss Farkas Gábor által szerkesztett sorozat elméletileg a magyar humanistákkal indul, de a vonatkozó (számozás szerint első) kötet megjelenését csak 2022-re várja a kiadó. Így került időben előre a cseh szerzőket tárgyaló könyv, amely ábécérendben veszi végig a humanistákat A-tól L-ig. Lucie Storchová szerkesztői bevezetője és a rövidítések jegyzéke után alapos korszaktanulmányokat olvashatunk: Petr Voit „Humanism in the Czech Lands in the First Half of the 16th Century”, Lucie Storchová „Humanist Literature in the Czech Lands (from the 1550s until the Late 1580s)”, Jan Malura – Marta Vaculínová „The Literature of Late Humanism (from the 1590s until the Early 1620s). Ezt követik a szócikkek egységesformátumban: életrajz – művek – kiadások – irodalom. A kötetet végül egy összesített, de válogatott bibliográfia zárja, valamint a személynevek és a földrajzi nevek mutatója.
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Cooper, Michael D. "Law, Policy, and the Social Construction of Disaster." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 113 (2019): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.176.
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Emerging in the English language during the 1590s, the etymological origins of the word “disaster” are found in désastre from Middle French (1560s) and disastro from Italian, meaning “ill-starred,” with “dis-,” a pejorative and “astro” meaning “star” or “planet”—from the Latin astrum and from the Greek ástron. The notion was of “an unfavorable aspect of a star or planet,” a “malevolent astral influence,” or a “calamity blamed on an unfavorable position of a planet.”
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Rybar, Lukas. "Habsburg-Safavid Diplomacy: Nicholas von Warkotsch and Haji Khosrow in Moscow." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 4 (2021): 1132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.406.
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During the 16th century, several European states were regularly engaged in forming an anti- Ottoman alliance. The goal was to cooperate in the elimination of the Ottoman power and expansion in Europe. In addition, traditional European members of the anti-Ottoman league (the Papal State, the Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs, the Venetian Republic) were counting on the help of the Eastern empires such as the Tsardom of Muscovy (Russia) and the Safavid Persia. In connection with this policy, Habsburg-Safavid diplomatic relations continued to develop. In the second half of the 1580s and 1590s, the Tsardom of Muscovy began to play an important mediating role in the context of Habsburg-Persian relations. An illustrative case is the presented study, which deals with the missions of Habsburg envoy Nicholas von Warkostch and the Safavid (Persian) envoy Haji Khosrow to the court of the Russian Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich in 1593. This issue is examined against the background of a broader international politics and diplomacy in the second half of the 1580s and the beginning of 1590s. Regarding their missions to the Russian tsar, both envoys took advantage of their mutual presence at the Muscovite court and through the mediation of Boris Godunov managed to arrange a meeting where they negotiated the possibility of the formation of an anti-Ottoman alliance. The analysis of the preserved archival and published documents concerning the above-mentioned missions reveals the goals and attitudes of all negotiating parties (Habsburgs, Persia, and Muscovy) in relation to the creation of an anti-Ottoman alliance.
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Gurr, Andrew. "The Chimera of Amalgamation." Theatre Research International 18, no. 2 (1993): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300017247.
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One of the features of the growth of playing in London in the late 1580s shows itself in the size of casts needed for some of the new plays composed around 1590. The history plays in particular laid exceptional demands on the numbers in the companies playing in London. Presumably this was one result of the foothold for performing to large audiences that the new amphitheatres had given the players. But it raises many questions about the organization of the companies. Did they enlarge the companies for the occasion with hired men, using casual if stagestruck labour hanging around the playhouses, or did they take on extra sharers? There is no evidence that this happened. The number of sharers in the leading companies, apart from the uniquely-large Queen's Men, who were allotted twelve players in 1583 but split into two in about 1590, when most of the companies had eight or ten players. Which came first, the larger companies or the larger plays? Did different companies join forces to stage them? Did they, after performance in London, take these large plays on tour? The conventional assumption about that, based largely on the evidence of the ‘bad’ and shortened quarto texts of the early plays, is that the ‘large’ plays were cut down to the ‘bad’ quarto size to allow the plays to be taken on tour. So were the large plays written only for London audiences? The writing of plays for large casts was a short-lived phenomenon, starting at the end of the 1580s and dying by 1594. What changed the conditions in that year? I believe we can address these questions most sharply by considering one of theatre history's more intriguing chimeras, the so-called ‘amalgamated company’ that is thought to have occupied Henslowe's Rose through the early 1590s.
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Suslova, E. D., and E. V. Ovchinnikova. "Church Parishes of Korelsky District in 16th — Early 17th Centuries." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 9 (December 2, 2022): 443–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-9-443-471.
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The study is devoted to understanding the problem of the formation of the parochial system of the Korelsky district, which found itself in the 16th — early 17th centuries at the center of the political and ideological confrontation between the Swedish kingdom and the Muscovite kingdom. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, based on a comprehensive analysis of all available sources, the total number of secular parishes and churches that functioned in the region in the late 1560s — late 1570s was clarified, and their localization on the map was carried out. A consistent comparison of the number of secular church parishes in three chronological sections — in the early 1500s, late 1560s — late 1570s and early 1610s — made it possible to supplement the concept of transformation of the parish church system in the region that had developed in historiography and establish that the surge in church building that began in the 1540s continued until the end of the 1570s. It is shown that the construction of new temples developed unevenly: starting in the most populated volosts located along the coast of Lake Ladoga, it continued on the periphery. It is concluded that thanks to the purposeful policy of the Church, with the support of local elites, the Orthodox faith and culture have firmly established themselves among the laity, which played a key role in the fate of the Karelian borderlands.
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Медведь, А. Н. "WOOD AND EARTH FORTIFICATIONS IN 16th-CENTURY ITALY -ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TRADITION)." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 267 (October 4, 2022): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.267.396-409.
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Статья посвящена истории развития древо-земляной фортификации в Европе второй половины XVI в. Рассматриваются два трактата, посвященные созданию древо-земляных укреплений, - Дж. Лантьери «Duo libri del modo di fare le fortificazioni di terra» (1550-е гг.) и Г. Галилея «Breve Instruzione all’architettura militare» (1590-е гг.). Анализируются особенности создания укреплений, изложенные в этих трактатах, сравниваются технологические приемы, описанные авторами. Проводится сравнение с более ранними итальянскими произведениями на аналогичную тематику. Делается вывод о том, что во второй половине XVI в. в Италии сформировалась и получила свое дальнейшее развитие технологическая традиция создания земляных фортификаций. The article is devoted to the history of the development of wooden and earth fortification in Europe in the 2nd half of the 16th century. We consider two treatises devoted to the creation of wooden and earth fortifications - G. Lantieri «Duo libri del modo di fare le fortificazioni di terra» (1550s) and G. Galileo «Breve Instruzione all’architettura militare» (1590s). We analyze the peculiarities of building fortifications described in these treatises and compare the technological methods described by the authors. A comparison is made with earlier Italian works on the same subject. The conclusion is made that in the second half of the 16th century in Italy was formed and further developed the technological tradition of building earth fortifications.
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Lehmann, Hartmut. "The Persecution of Witches as Restoration of Order: The Case of Germany, 1590s–1650s." Central European History 21, no. 2 (June 1988): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893890001270x.
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From the late sixteenth to the late seventeenth century many of the territories and cities in Central Europe were the scene of witchcraft trials. As recent research shows, it was especially in the years around 1590, 1610, and 1630, and again in the 1650s, that many parts of Germany were overwhelmed by what might be called a tidal wave of witch-hunting, with thousands upon thousands of victims: women mostly, yet also men and children. So far, despite a large number of detailed studies, there is no convincing explanation of why witch-hunting should have played such a prominent role in Germany from the 1590s to the 1650s.
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Bołdyrew, Aleksander, and Karol Łopatecki. "Volley fire in Europe in the mid-16th century." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, no. 2 (30) (2021): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.201.
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The article explores the application of volley fire in European armies in the mid-16th century. On the basis of Polish sources, the authors established that shooting volleys was applied by Polish infantry in 1558. There was also training in collective loading and shooting conducted by a commander every few days. Fire was conducted in the Turkish manner, i. e. having fired a salvo the rank would kneel and load the weapon in this position. The painting referred to in the article «The Battle of Orsha» (created in the 1530s or 1540s) shows the West European manner of conducting combat by an infantry unit. It involved setting the shooters in three ranks and alternating firing at enemy positions with a simultaneous countermarch. This suggests that the method described for the first time by the Spanish in 1592 was spread half a century earlier. The sources show that in the mid-16th century, volley fire was known in vast Eurasian tracks from remote China, through the Ottoman Empire to the western ends of Europe. The difference lay in the way of conducting the volley fire, and the most effective form of fire applied in battles was invented by the Dutch in the 1590s. As a result of the enlargement of weapon size and the introduction of muskets, the method proposed by Tarnowski of loading firearms in kneeling position became increasingly obsolete.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1590s"
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Calore, Michela. "Elizabethan stage conventions and their textual verbalization in the drama of the 1580s and 1590s." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391266.
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O'Connor, Lara. "Shakespeare's search for tragic form in the 1590s." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/93366/.
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Starting from David Bevington’s observation that ‘Shakespeare’s disparate ventures into tragic expression in the years prior to 1599 suggest that he had not yet found the model or models he was looking for’,1 the current thesis explores four early tragedies in terms of their experimental nature: Titus Andronicus, Romeo and Juliet, Richard II and Julius Caesar. Central to the thesis is how metadrama in these plays point towards an exploration of tragedy that is marked by the intermingling of genres and sources. The thesis argues that each of the four tragedies under discussion is creatively imaginative in the way it involves adding a fresh perspective to tragedy and its mixing of genres. The thesis begins by arguing that in ‘Pyramus and Thisbe’, the play-within-the play of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Shakespeare mocks the amateur staging of tragedy which he seeks to revitalize, starting with Titus Andronicus as a bloody revenge tragedy uneasily mixed with poetic language. Chapter Two suggests that Romeo and Juliet explores some of the ways in which comedy collapses into tragedy, while Chapter Three asks questions about Shakespeare’s use of history as a source for tragedy in relation to Richard II. The final chapter concentrates on Julius Caesar as a ‘broken’ play, examining the role of the ‘hero’. Each chapter examines a number of features, including the blending of genre types,the creation of the tragic ‘hero’, unsatisfactory endings as well as metadrama. Finally, Hamlet is seen to incorporate many of these experiments, and thus to lead on to the later tragedies.
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Dovolis, Petros. "Staging dissidence : the 1590s in the hands of the artists of the 1890s." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440385.
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Bernard, Branka. "Huntington's disease." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15900.
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Die Huntington''sche Krankheit (Huntington''s disease, HD) ist eine tödliche neurodegenerative Erkrankung mit einem extensiven Verlust von Neuronen im Striatum. Die Ursache für HD ist eine genetische Mutation, bei der eine CAG-Wiederholungssequenz verlängert wird. Im resultierenden Protein, das Huntingtin (htt) genannt wurde, diese Mutation führt zur Missfaltung und Aggregation von htt. Ich habe untersucht ob die Bildung von htt-Aggregaten die Transkription von Genen dass sie von HD-assoziierten Transkriptionsfaktoren kontrolliert werden, verändert. Zur Untersuchung der Transkription wurden die zu untersuchenden Gene auf cDNA-Mikroarrays aufgebracht und mit RNA, welche aus den Zellen nach der Induktion der Expression des mutierten htt gewonnen wurde, hybridisiert. Es wurden keine systematischen Veränderungen innerhalb der durch spezifische Transkriptionsfaktoren regulierten Gengruppen gefunden. Ich habe auch mehrere mathematische Modelle erstellt, welche die htt-Aggregation und den Zelltod beschreiben. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass eine transiente Dynamik im System und die nicht-monotone Reaktion auf Parameteränderungen zu den nicht-intuitiven Ergebnissen bei Behandlungsansätzen, welche die htt-Aggregation beeinflussen, führen könnten. Für den Fall, dass Aggregate die toxische Form von htt sind, zeigten die numerischen Simulationen dass das Einsetzen der Aggregation, welches durch ein Überschießen der Aggregatkonzentration gekennzeichnet ist, am ehesten zum Zelltod führt. Dieses Phänomen wurde "one-shot"-Modell genannt. Es gibt, auch bei HD-Patienten mit gleicher Länge der CAG-Wiederholungssequenz, eine große Varianz des Alters bei Krankheitsausbruch (age of onset, AO). Ich habe ein stochastisches Modell für den neuronalen Zelltod im Striatum entwickelt. Das Modell zeigte, dass ein signifikanter Anteil der nicht erklärbaren Varianz des AO der intrinsischen Dynamik der Neurodegeneration zugeschrieben werden kann.Huntington''s disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive neuronal loss in the striatum of HD patients. HD is caused by a CAG repeat expansion which translates into a polyglutamine stretch at the N-terminus of the huntingtin protein (htt). The polyQ stretch induces misfolding, cleavage and aggregation of htt. To test the hypothesis that the sequestration of transcription factors into the htt aggregates causes transcriptional changes observed in HD models, I compiled lists of genes controlled by the transcription factors associated with HD. These genes were spotted on cDNA microarrays that were later hybridized with RNA extracted from cells expressing a mutant htt fragment. In this study, no systematic changes related to a specific transcription factors were observed. Formation and the accumulation of htt aggregates causes neurotoxicity in different HD model systems. To investigate the consequences of therapeutic strategies targeting aggregation, I derived several mathematical models describing htt aggregation and cell death. The results showed that transient dynamics and the non-monotonic response of cell survival to a change of parameter might lead to the non-intuitive outcome of a treatment that targets htt aggregation. Also, the numerical simulations show that if aggregates are toxic, the onset of aggregation, marked by the overshoot in the concentration of aggregates, is the event most likely to kill the cell. This phenomenon was termed a one-shot model. The principal cause of the variability of the age at onset (AO) is the length of the CAG repeat. Still, there is a great variance in the AO even for the same CAG repeat length. To study the variability of the AO, I developed a stochastic model for clustered neuronal death in the HD striatum. The model showed that a significant part of the unexplained variance can be attributed to the intrinsic stochastic dynamics of neurodegeneration.
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Siegismund, Christine. "Immunologische Grundlagen für den Schutz vor simianem AIDS in den natürlichen Wirten von SIV." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15907.
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Das Humane Immundefizienzvirus (HIV) ist der Erreger von AIDS und als Zoonose von den Schimpansen (HIV-1) bzw. den Rauchmangaben (HIV-2) auf die menschliche Population übergesprungen. Diese Primatenspezies sind die natürlichen Wirte für die simianen verwand-ten Viren SIVcpz bzw. SIVsm. Die nicht-natürlichen Virus-Wirt-Beziehungen der Immundefizienzviren resultieren in einem pathogenen Verlauf, wie HIV im Menschen und SIVmac in Rhesusmakaken. Die natürlichen Wirte Rauchmangaben, Schimpansen, Afrikanische Grüne Meerkatzen (AGM) und viele mehr entwickeln hingegen kein simianes AIDS. Dies erfolgt trotz lebenslanger Infektion mit SIV und einer zur HIV-Infektion im Menschen äquivalenten Viruslast. Die natürlichen Wirte weisen darüber hinaus keine Immunantwort gegen das virale Kernprotein Gag (gruppen-spezifisches Antigen) auf, was ein früh und zahlreich gebildetes Protein während der Virusreplikation ist. Die fehlende humorale Immunantwort könnte die natürlichen Wirte vor Aktivierung des Immunsystems und dadurch auch vor sAIDS bewahren. Frühere Versuche in AGM mit injiziertem SIVagmGag-Protein zeigten zwar, dass die Induktion einer humoralen Immunantwort gegen SIVagmGag möglich ist, diese aber schon nach kurzer Zeit wieder absinkt. Des Weiteren bildete sich durch Infektion mit SIVagm in den Tieren keine anamnestische Immunantwort heraus, die für die Erkennung von gleichen Epitopen maßgeblich ist. Es scheint ein Unterschied in der Erkennung von exogenem injiziertem SIVagmGag-Protein zu endogenem, durch das Virus selbst gebildetem, Protein in den AGM zu bestehen. Folglich wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass eine Immunisierung mit SIVagmGag-DNA unter Umgehung des Unterschieds in der Proteinprozessierung eine anamnestische Immunantwort in den AGM induziert. Um diese Hypothese zu testen und die Gag-Immunreaktion in Abwesenheit anderer viraler Gene bezüglich der Pathogenität zu evaluieren, wurden codonoptimierte SIVagmGag- und SIVmacGag-DNA Immunisierungsvektoren generiert. Die Proteinexpression wurde in vitro und die Immunogenität in Balb/c und C57Bl/6 Mäusen getestet. Jeweils eine Gruppe von vier AGM erhielt bioballistisch SIVagmGag-DNA bzw. SIVmacGag-DNA. Als Kontrollen dienten mit codonoptimierter DNA immunisierte Rhesusmakaken sowie mit Leervektor immunisierte Primaten beider Spezies. Als Kostimulanz wurde zusätzlich jeweils speziesspezifische gmcsf DNA verwendet. Im Gegensatz zu den Rhesusmakaken konnte in den AGM durch DNA-Immunisierung keine zelluläre und nur eine schwache, transiente humorale anamnestische Immunantwort nach Infektion induziert werden, obwohl beide Gag-Proteine endogen produziert wurden. Daher kann die fehlende anamnestische Immunantwort der AGM nach Immunisierung mit Gag-Protein vermutlich nicht auf Unterschiede in der Proteinprozessierung und -erkennung (endogen versus exogen) zurückgeführt werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie deuten an, dass während der Infektion dieses natürlichen Wirtes eine aktive Unterdrückung der anti-Gag-Antikörperantwort stattfindet, möglicherweise induziert durch eine Anergie in Gag-spezifischen T-Helferzellen.The causative agents of AIDS, the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2), were transmitted zoonotically to the human population from the natural hosts of the related simian immunodeficiency viruses SIVcpz (chimpanzees) and SIVsm (sooty mangabeys), respectively. In contrast to the outcome of infections in non-natural hosts (e.g. HIV in humans, SIVmac in rhesus macaques), the natural hosts of SIV do not develop simian AIDS-like symptoms despite life-long infection with virus loads matching those seen in HIV-infected humans. Many such natural host primates infected with SIV, such as SIVagm-infected African green monkeys (AGMs), fail to mount an antibody response to the intact viral core protein Gag (group-specific antigen), a protein produced extensively during infection. It has been postulated that this lack of an immune response to Gag could protect the natural hosts from immunopathological effects and therefore from simian AIDS. Previous studies in AGMs indicated that Gag protein produced endogenously during infection is ''seen'' by the immune system differently than that introduced exogenously by protein immunisation, possibly through differences in processing or through specific tolerance at the T-cell level. To address these possibilities, primate studies were performed in which the responses in the natural and non-natural hosts to endogenously produced Gag protein in the absence of other viral genes were compared and the influence of such endogenous priming on the immune response to infection was evaluated. This was achieved by bioballistic immunisation of AGMs and rhesus macaques with codon-optimised DNA coding for SIVagm or SIVmac Gag protein delivered together with DNA coding for the species-specific GM-CSF cytokine. Prior to the primate studies, the DNA constructs were evaluated in BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice for immunogenicity and protein expression. In contrast to the rhesus macaques, SIVagmGag DNA immunisation of African green mon-keys generally failed to prime for an anamnestic cellular immune response and primed for only a weak, transient anamnestic humoral response to the protein upon infection, despite the proteins resulting from both immunisation and infection being produced endogenously. Differences in protein processing and recognition (endogenous versus exogenous) do not therefore appear to account for the lack of priming for an anamnestic immune response seen using a protein immunogen. Rather, the results seem to indicate that an active suppression of the anti-Gag immune response may occur during infection of this natural host of SIV, possibly by the induction of anergy in Gag-specific Th cells.
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Salzmann, Ingo. "Structural and energetic properties of pentacene derivatives and heterostructures." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15909.
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Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Herstellung und die Charakterisierung von Heterostrukturen des organischen Halbleiters Pentazen (PEN) mit diversen konjugierten organischen Materialien im Hinblick auf das Anwendungspotenzial im Bereich der organischen Elektronik. Für die Untersuchung von PEN-Heterostrukturen mit (i) Fulleren (C60), (ii) Perfluoropentazen (PFP) und (iii) 6,13-Pentazenchinon (PQ) wurden mehrere komplementäre experimentelle Techniken angewendet: Röntgenbeugung, Schwingungsspektroskopie, Rasterkraftmikroskopie und Photoelektronenspektroskopie. (i) Für PEN - Heterostrukturen mit C60 wurden die elektronischen, strukturellen und morphologischen Eigenschaften mit der Leistung von organischen Solarzellen (OSZ) für geschichtete und gemischte Systeme korreliert. Dabei wurde gezeigt, dass morphologische anstatt struktureller oder energetischer Ursachen die Leistungsunterschiede der beiden untersuchten Zelltypen erklären. (ii) Strukturuntersuchungen wurden an reinen PFP-Filmen, sowie an geschichteten und gemischten Heterostrukturen mit PEN durchgeführt. Es wurde die Struktur der PFP-Dünnfilmphase gelöst und das Wachstum von PEN+PFP Mischkristallen gezeigt, welche erfolgreich angewandt wurden, um die Ionisationsenergie (IE) des Films mit dem Mischungsverhältnis durchzustimmen. Dies wurde durch die Existenz von innermolekularen polaren Bindungen (C-H und C-F für PEN und PFP) erklärt. (iii) Für reine PQ-Filme wurde die Struktur der PQ-Dünnfilmphase gelöst (ein Molekül pro Einheitszelle). Es wurde eine stark orientierungsabhängige IE von PQ und PEN gefunden und gezeigt, dass die Energieniveaulagen für die Anwendung in OSZ geeignet sind. Die Untersuchung von Mischsystemen zeigte phasensepariertes Wachstum ohne Hinweise auf Interkalation, selbst bei PQ Konzentrationen von nur 2%. Weiters wurde gezeigt, dass O2 und Wasser keine nachhaltigen Auswirkungen auf PEN-Filme zeigen, wohingegen Singlett-Sauerstoff und Ozon diese angreifen und flüchtige Reaktionsprodukte liefern.The scope of this work is the combination of the organic semiconductor pentacene (PEN) with different conjugated organic molecules to form application relevant heterostructures in vacuum sublimed films. Using x-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrational spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy, PEN heterostructures with (i) fullerene (C60), (ii) perfluoropentacene (PFP) and (iii) 6,13-pentacenequinone (PQ) were thoroughly characterized to judge on the respective application potential in organic electronics. (i) PEN heterostructures with C60 were investigated regarding the correlation of energetic, structural and morphological properties with the performance of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) for both layered and mixed structures. Morphological rather than energetic or structural issues account for performance differences of bulk-heterojunction OPVCs compared to layered devices. (ii) XRD investigations were carried out on pure PFP films, on layered and mixed heterostructures with PEN. The thin-film polymorph of PFP was solved and it is shown that blended films form a mixed crystal structure, which led to the finding that the ionization energy (IE) of organic films composed of molecules with intramolecular polar bonds (like C-H and C-F for PEN and PFP, respectively) can be tuned through the mixing ratio. (iii) A so far unknown thin-film polymorph of PQ on SiO2 substrates was solved using XRD reciprocal space mapping evidencing a loss of the herringbone arrangement known from the PQ bulk structure. For PEN heterostructures with PQ a highly molecular-orientation dependent IE and energy level offsets interesting for the use in OPVCs were found. Mixed films of PEN and PQ exhibit phase separation and no intercalation was found even at PQ concentrations as low as 2%. Finally, it is shown that O2 and water do not react noticeably with PEN, whereas singlet oxygen and ozone readily oxidize PEN films producing volatile reaction products instead of PQ.
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Uebele, Martin. "Historical business cycles and market integration." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15902.
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Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit europäischer und US-amerikanischer Konjunkturgeschichte und Marktintegration im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Zur Analyse von konjunkturellen Schwankungen stellt sie der weitverbreiteten Historischen Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung (VGR) die Methode dynamischer Faktoranalyse zur Seite, die dazu beiträgt, die begrenzten historischen Zeitreihen effizient zu nutzen. Die nationale und internationale Entwicklung von Weizenmärkten seit dem Ende der Napoleonischen Kriege wird mit einem multivariaten dynamischen Faktormodell untersucht. Spektralanalyse wird zur Berechnung frequenzspezifischer Kohärenz von historischen Börsenindizes und konkurrierenden Schätzungen des Nationalprodukts in Deutschland zwischen 1850 und 1913 herangezogen. Ein wichtiges Ergebnis ist, dass Finanzdaten die Datierung der Konjunktur im Deutschen Kaiserreich erleichtern, was auch durch die Ergebnisse der Faktoranalyse bestätigt wird. Der verwendete Aktienindex, einzelne reale Konjunkturindikatoren und der dynamische Faktor korrelieren eng miteinder. Die Bildung sektoraler Sub-Indizes zeigt, dass der Übergang von einer landwirtschaftlich zu einer industriell geprägten Volkswirtschaft vermutlich früher geschehen ist als Beschäftigungsanteile aus der Historischen VGR vermuten lassen. Die Untersuchung der U.S.-Konjunktur ergibt die Annahme zeitvariierender Strukturparameter eine Erhöhung der Konjunkturschwankungsbreite nach dem 2. Weltkrieg verglichen mit der Zeit vor dem 1. Weltkrieg. Für die Weizenmarktintegration in Europa zeigt sich, dass die Entwicklung vor der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts schneller voran ging als danach, was eine Neuinterpretation der Rolle von Technologien wie dem Metallrumpf und dem Dampfschiff sowie dem Eintritt Amerikas als Weizenproduzenten nahelegt.This thesis addresses historical business cycles and market integration in Europe and America in the 19th and 20th centuries. For the analysis of historical business cycles, the widely used methodology of historical national accounting is complemented with a dynamic factor model that allows for using scarce historical data efficiently. In order to investigate how national and international markets developed since the early 1800s, a multivariate dynamic factor model is used. Spectral analysis helps in measuring frequency specific correlation between financial indicators and rivaling national income estimates for Germany between 1850 and 1913. One result is that the historical stock market index used helps to discriminate between competing estimates of German national income. A dynamic factor estimated from a broad time series data set confirms this result. Sub-indices for agriculture and industry suggest that the German economy industrialized earlier than evidence from national accounting shows. The finding for the U.S. business cycle is that relaxing the assumption of constant structural parameters yields higher postwar aggregate volatility relative to the period before World War I. Concerning market integration, it is found that European wheat markets integrated faster before mid-19th century than after. Thus, the impact of the metal hull and steam ship as well as the relevance of American wheat for the world wheat market have perhaps been overstated.
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Mayr, Philipp. "Re-Ranking auf Basis von Bradfordizing für die verteilte Suche in digitalen Bibliotheken." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15906.
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Trotz großer Dokumentmengen für datenbankübergreifende Literaturrecherchen erwarten akademische Nutzer einen möglichst hohen Anteil an relevanten und qualitativen Dokumenten in den Trefferergebnissen. Insbesondere die Reihenfolge und Struktur der gelisteten Ergebnisse (Ranking) spielt, neben dem direkten Volltextzugriff auf die Dokumente, inzwischen eine entscheidende Rolle beim Design von Suchsystemen. Nutzer erwarten weiterhin flexible Informationssysteme, die es unter anderem zulassen, Einfluss auf das Ranking der Dokumente zu nehmen bzw. alternative Rankingverfahren zu verwenden. In dieser Arbeit werden zwei Mehrwertverfahren für Suchsysteme vorgestellt, die die typischen Probleme bei der Recherche nach wissenschaftlicher Literatur behandeln und damit die Recherchesituation messbar verbessern können. Die beiden Mehrwertdienste semantische Heterogenitätsbehandlung am Beispiel Crosskonkordanzen und Re-Ranking auf Basis von Bradfordizing, die in unterschiedlichen Phasen der Suche zum Einsatz kommen, werden hier ausführlich beschrieben und im empirischen Teil der Arbeit bzgl. der Effektivität für typische fachbezogene Recherchen evaluiert. Vorrangiges Ziel der Promotion ist es, zu untersuchen, ob das hier vorgestellte alternative Re-Rankingverfahren Bradfordizing im Anwendungsbereich bibliographischer Datenbanken zum einen operabel ist und zum anderen voraussichtlich gewinnbringend in Informationssystemen eingesetzt und dem Nutzer angeboten werden kann. Für die Tests wurden Fragestellungen und Daten aus zwei Evaluationsprojekten (CLEF und KoMoHe) verwendet. Die intellektuell bewerteten Dokumente stammen aus insgesamt sieben wissenschaftlichen Fachdatenbanken der Fächer Sozialwissenschaften, Politikwissenschaft, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Psychologie und Medizin. Die Evaluation der Crosskonkordanzen (insgesamt 82 Fragestellungen) zeigt, dass sich die Retrievalergebnisse signifikant für alle Crosskonkordanzen verbessern; es zeigt sich zudem, dass interdisziplinäre Crosskonkordanzen den stärksten (positiven) Effekt auf die Suchergebnisse haben. Die Evaluation des Re-Ranking nach Bradfordizing (insgesamt 164 Fragestellungen) zeigt, dass die Dokumente der Kernzone (Kernzeitschriften) für die meisten Testreihen eine signifikant höhere Precision als Dokumente der Zone 2 und Zone 3 (Peripheriezeitschriften) ergeben. Sowohl für Zeitschriften als auch für Monographien kann dieser Relevanzvorteil nach Bradfordizing auf einer sehr breiten Basis von Themen und Fragestellungen an zwei unabhängigen Dokumentkorpora empirisch nachgewiesen werden.In spite of huge document sets for cross-database literature searches, academic users expect a high ratio of relevant and qualitative documents in result sets. It is particularly the order and structure of the listed results (ranking) that play an important role when designing search systems alongside the direct full text access for documents. Users also expect flexible information systems which allow influencing the ranking of documents and application of alternative ranking techniques. This thesis proposes two value-added approaches for search systems which treat typical problems in searching scientific literature and seek to improve the retrieval situation on a measurable level. The two value-added services, semantic treatment of heterogeneity (the example of cross-concordances) and re-ranking on Bradfordizing, which are applied in different search phases, are described in detail and their effectiveness in typical subject-specific searches is evaluated in the empirical part of the thesis. The preeminent goal of the thesis is to study if the proposed, alternative re-ranking approach Bradfordizing is operable in the domain of bibliographic databases, and if the approach is profitable, i.e. serves as a value added, for users in information systems. We used topics and data from two evaluation projects (CLEF and KoMoHe) for the tests. The intellectually assessed documents come from seven academic abstracting and indexing databases representing social science, political science, economics, psychology and medicine. The evaluation of the cross-concordances (82 topics altogether) shows that the retrieval results improve significantly for all cross-concordances, indicating that interdisciplinary cross-concordances have the strongest (positive) effect on the search results. The evaluation of Bradfordizing re-ranking (164 topics altogether) shows that core zone (core journals) documents display significantly higher precision than was seen for documents in zone 2 and zone 3 (periphery journals) for most test series. This post-Bradfordizing relevance advantage can be demonstrated empirically across a very broad basis of topics and two independent document corpora as well for journals and monographs.
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Litwinski, Christian. "Elektronische Eigenschaften von oligonuklearen Phthalocyaninen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15901.
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Phthalocyanine (Pc) sind aufgrund ihrer einfachen Herstellung, bekannten Eigenschaften und großen chemischen Stabilität viel versprechende organische Substanzen für verschiedene Anwendungen in der Wissenschaft und Industrie. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden die elektronischen Eigenschaften von annellierten dinuklearen (ZnPc-ZnPc, H2Pc-H2Pc) und trinuklearen Pc im Vergleich zu mononuklearen Pc (H2Pc, ZnPc) und einfach kovalent über eine Ethandiol-Brücke verknüpfte dimere Pc (DH2, DZn) untersucht. Die stationären Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektren von DZn sind vergleichbar mit denen eines unsymmetrisch substituierten mononuklearen ZnPc. Die elektronischen Eigenschaften von DH2 sind von drei verschiedenen Phänomenen beeinflusst: Aggregation, exzitonische Wechselwirkung und der Existenz unterschiedlicher NH-Tautomere. Die große bathochrome Verschiebung der Q-Bande von annellierten dinuklearen und trinuklearen Pc im Vergleich zu den mononuklearen Analogon zeigt die Expansion des pi-Elektronensystems in solchen annellierten Systemen. Zeitabhängige Dichtefunktionalrechnungen (TD-DFT) ergaben für das dinukleare H2Pc-H2Pc erstmals drei verschiedene NH-Tautomere mit unterschiedlichen Molekülorbitalen und Absorptionsspektren. Ein Vergleich der berechneten Resultate mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen aus stationärer und zeitaufgelöster Spektroskopie ermöglichte erstmals die Bestimmung der elektronischen Parameter der einzelnen NH-Tautomere des annellierten dinuklearen H2Pc-H2Pc in Lösung. In Übereinstimmung mit den TD-DFT-Rechnungen wurde nur eine mögliche Spezies für das dinukleare ZnPc-ZnPc im Experiment gefunden. Erste spektroskopische Untersuchungen an den neuen trinuklearen annellierten Pc ergaben einen Hinweis darauf, dass die NH-Tautomerie einen großen Einfluss auf deren elektronischen Eigenschaften selbst bei Raumtemperatur hat.Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are auspicious molecules for a broad variety of scientific and industrial applications, because of their simple production, well-defined properties and high chemical stability. The photophysical properties of annulated dinuclear (ZnPc-ZnPc, H2Pc-H2Pc) and trinuclear Pcs in comparison to mononuclear Pcs (H2Pc, ZnPc) and dimeric Pcs, covalently linked by an ethandiol-bond (DH2 and DZn), were investigated in this study. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of dimeric DZn resemble those of an asymmetric substituted mononuclear ZnPc. The photophysical properties of DH2 are influenced by three different phenomena, namely aggregation, excitonic interaction and the existence of different NH-tautomers. Strong bathochromic Q-band-shifts of annulated dinuclear and trinuclear Pcs in comparison to the mononuclear analogues show expansion of the pi-electron system in such annulated molecules. For the first time, the existence of three NH-tautomers with different molecular orbitals and absorption spectra were shown by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations of dinuclear H2Pc-H2Pc. Theoretical calculations and experimental data obtained by steady state and time resolved spectroscopy were matched. This approach enabled the determination of photophysical properties of individual NH-tautomers of dinuclear H2Pc-H2Pc in solution. In accordance to the TD-DFT calculations only one dinuclear ZnPc-ZnPc species was experimentally established. First spectroscopic investigations of novel trinuclear Pc gave an evidence that NH-tautomerism might have a strong influence on their photophysical properties, even at room temperature.
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Lohrberg, Dörte. "Untersuchungen zur affinitäts-basierten Aufreinigung von tight junction-proteinen und deren potentiellen Interaktionspartnern." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15903.
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Die Epithelien vielzelliger Organismen bilden eine funktionelle Grenzschicht, die für die Homöostase innerhalb und für den spezifischen Stoffaustausch zwischen den Kompartimenten verantwortlich ist. Der interzelluläre Spalt zwischen Epithelzellen wird durch tight junctions verschlossen, die eine selektive Permeabilitätsbarriere bilden. Da viele Krankheiten auf eine Dysfunktion der Barriere zurückzuführen sind, ist eine genaue Kenntnis der molekularen Zusammensetzung der tight junctions aus pharmakologischer Sicht von großem Interesse. In dieser Arbeit wurden Anreicherungsstrategien entwickelt, die eine Proteomanalyse der tight junction-Proteine erlauben. Der Fokus wurde dabei auf die Claudine und Tricellulin gelegt, die als transmembranale Proteine das molekulare Rückgrat der tight junctions bilden. Durch Affinitätsreinigung gelang erstmals eine Anreicherung verschiedener Claudine, die durch Massenspektrometrie identifiziert wurden. Die metabolische Markierung der Proteine mit stabilen Isotopen (SILAC) erlaubte die quantitative Diskriminierung von Proteinen, die unspezifisch an das Matrixmaterial banden. Von den potentiellen Interaktionspartnern der Claudine wurden Integrin-a3, SUMO-1 und Sphingosinkinase 2 ausgewählt, um deren Interaktion mit Claudinen weiter zu verifizieren. Es wurden keine Hinweise auf Wechselwirkungen zwischen Claudinen und Integrin-a3 sowie SUMO-1 gefunden, während die Interaktion von Claudinen mit Sphingosinkinase 2 weder bestätigt noch ausgeschlossen werden konnte. Ferner wurde eine Affinitätsreinigung durchgeführt, um Interaktionspartner von Tricellulin anzureichern. Durch die quantitative massenspektrometrische Analyse wurde ausschließlich Claudin-4 nicht aber Claudin-3 und 7 als potentieller, spezifischer Interaktionspartner von Tricellulin identifiziert. Es wurde aber gezeigt, dass die Kombination aus Affinitätsreinigung und quantitativer Massenspektrometrie einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Entschlüsselung von Protein-Komplexen leisten kann.Epithelia function as specialized barriers that separate different compartments within multicellular organisms and regulate the specific exchange of substances between them. The intercellular space between adjacent epithelial cells is sealed by tight junctions forming a permeability barrier. Dysregulation of the barrier occurs in a variety of diseases. Hence, a deeper knowledge is required of the molecular composition of tight junctions, in particular with respect to pharmacological applications. In the present study, new enrichment strategies have been established that allow the proteomic analysis of tight junction proteins. Special emphasis was placed on claudins and tricellulin as these transmembrane proteins constitute the molecular backbone of the tight junctions. For the first time, using an affinity purification, the enrichment of several claudins was accomplished that were identified by mass spectrometry. The metabolic labeling of proteins with stable isotopes (SILAC) allowed the quantitative discrimination of proteins that bound unspecifically to the matrix. Integrin-a3, SUMO 1 and sphingosin kinase 2 were chosen for further verifications from the proteins considered to potentially interact with claudins. While there was no evidence for an association of claudins with integrin-a3 and SUMO-1, an interaction of claudins with sphingosin kinase 2 could be neither confirmed nor disproved. Furthermore, an affinity purification was performed in order to enrich interaction partners of tricellulin. Claudin-4 was identified as a specific, potential interaction partner of tricellulin by quantitative mass spectrometric analysis whereas claudin 3 and -7 were determined to be enriched unspecifically. The present study demonstrates that a combination of affinity purification and quantitative mass spectrometry can substantially contribute to the elucidation of protein complexes.
Books on the topic "1590s"
1
Ambition, rank, and poetry in 1590s England. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001.
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The Elizabethan conquest of Ireland: The 1590s crisis. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.
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Sinhala consciousness in the Kandyan period, 1590s to 1815. Colombo: Vijitha Yapa Publications, 2004.
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1590s drama and militarism: Portrayals of war in Marlowe, Chapman, and Shakespeare's Henry V. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2001.
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issah. TASS: A BOOK OF fantasy: TASS!!! KLTS: issah abeebllahi issah, 2020.
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1960-, Currie Stephen, ed. The 1500s. San Diego, Calif: Greenhaven Press, 2001.
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Mota, A. Teixeira da. East of Mina: Afro-European relations on the Gold Coast in the 1550s and 1560s : an essay with supporting documents. (Madison): African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1988.
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Mota, A. Teixeira da. East of Mina: Afro-European relations on the Gold Coast in the 1550s and 1560s : an essay with supporting documents. [Madison]: African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1988.
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Hernández, Roger E. Early explorations: The 1500s. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2008.
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Early explorations: The 1500s. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "1590s"
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Dickinson, Janet. "Leadership in the 1590s." In Leadership and Elizabethan Culture, 89–101. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137340290_6.
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Grendler, Paul F. "The Sphaera in Jesuit Education." In Publishing Sacrobosco’s De sphaera in Early Modern Europe, 369–407. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86600-6_11.
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AbstractWhen the Jesuits began to teach mathematics, they adopted the existing European curriculum which included Sacrobosco’s Sphaera.Christoph Clavius, the most influential Jesuit mathematician, published a commentary on the Sphaera in 1570 which was widely used. Its publication also marked a change in publication policy by the Roman Jesuits. As the Jesuits prepared a uniform curriculum for the Society’s schools in the 1580s and 1590s, Clavius offered a comprehensive mathematics curriculum and urged the Society to teach more mathematics and to train more Jesuit mathematicians. But some Jesuit philosophers rejected mathematics as unscientific. The Ratio Studiorum of 1599 included the Sphaera but did not expand Jesuit mathematical education. Jesuits continued to teach the Sphaera and to use Clavius’ commentary until about 1650.
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Dutton, Richard. "Theatrical Authority in the Later 1590s." In Mastering the Revels, 97–116. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09879-8_5.
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Shenk, Linda. "Philosopher-Queen: Elizabeth’s Transcendent Wisdom In The 1590s." In Learned Queen, 123–58. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230101852_5.
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Hadfield, Andrew. "Tacitus and the Reform of Ireland in the 1590s." In Early Modern Civil Discourses, 115–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230505063_8.
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Hadfield, Andrew. "Cicero, Tacitus and the Reform of Ireland in the 1590s." In Shakespeare, Spenser and the Matter of Britain, 90–104. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230502703_7.
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Leach, Robert. "Plays and players in the 1570s and 1580s." In An Illustrated History of British Theatre and Performance, 119–25. First edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019–: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429463686-20.
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Cuttica, Cesare. "The Anti-democratic Paradigm (1570s–1590s)." In Anti-democracy in England 1570-1642, 41–76. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866097.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 analyses the first important moment at which the issue of anti-democracy rose to prominence: the 1570s–1590s. It all blew up around the contentious question of the organization of the Church, and the role of ministers and their election in it. Holders of the status quo—including intellectual bigwigs such as John Whitgift and Richard Bancroft—strenuously opposed Presbyterianism. They denounced Presbyterian exponents like Thomas Cartwright for promoting ‘popularity’, which here meant the search for direct democracy and its practices (‘popular government’). The kernel of this diatribe, and of subsequent ones, mirrored the Admonition Controversy’s debates on Church government in post-Reformation England. More specifically, Church establishment representatives such as Richard Cosin, Thomas Cooper, and Matthew Sutcliffe identified Presbyterian principles and practices with those set up in democratic Athens, Anabaptist Germany, and Calvinist Geneva. Besides singling out the Presbyterians as subversive fanatics who made cunning use of religion to rally the most ignorant portions of the population behind their democratic agenda, the fierce ecclesiastical disputes between people like Whitgift and Cartwright and their followers not only revealed the pivotal place of questions concerning democratic government, popular power, and people’s obedience at this time. They also set the tone for a great of deal of subsequent anti-democratic polemics that were to shape the history of the Jacobean and Caroline reigns. Finally, Chapter 1 argues that anti-Presbyterianism did not run counter to what Patrick Collinson has called ‘republicanism applied to the Church’. Instead, it pointed to something much more sinister and treacherous than republicanism: this was the menace of plebeian democracy.
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"France in the 1580s and 1590s." In Henry IV and the Towns, 10–22. Cambridge University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511496745.002.
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Considine, John. "Elizabethan dictionaries of vernacular languages before Florio." In Sixteenth-Century English Dictionaries, 172–203. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832287.003.0010.
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Chapter 9 returns to the subject of wordlists of vernacular languages. It gives an account of some short practical wordlists of French, printed in the 1560s, and some shorter wordlists of Irish which remained in manuscript, before turning to more substantial dictionaries of French (Lucas Harrison’s of 1571, revised by Claudius Hollyband in 1580 and 1593); of Spanish (there was a burst of productivity in 1590 and 1591); and of Russian (Mark Ridley’s unpublished work of the 1590s, including the first serious attempt at a bidirectional dictionary of any language with English). It ends with an account of shorter wordlists of languages of North America, West Africa, the Arctic, South East Asia, the Caribbean, and Madagascar.
Conference papers on the topic "1590s"
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"Back Matter for Volume 1590." In ELECTRONIC, PHOTONIC, PLASMONIC, PHONONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/v1590.backmatter.
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"Front Matter for Volume 1590." In ELECTRONIC, PHOTONIC, PLASMONIC, PHONONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOMATERIALS. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/v1590.frontmatter.
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Zhang, Aoxue, Lipeng Xia, Ting Li, Chang Chang, Peiji Zhou, Xiaochuan Xu, and Yi Zou. "Ultra-compact polarization-independent 3 dB power splitter in silicon." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jw3b.188.
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We experimentally demonstrate a polarization-independent 3 dB power splitter (PIPS) assisted with subwavelength structure. The device possesses ultra-compact (1.2 µm × 2.62 µm) and polarization-independent features with an operating bandwidth over 50 nm (from 1540-1590 nm).
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Purakayastha, Ujaan, Colin P. Lualdi, and Paul G. Kwiat. "Ultrafast all-optical switching of telecom single photons." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2022.ftu6b.1.
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Low-loss, ultrafast photon routing is an enabling technology for optical quantum information processing. We demonstrate a 20 GHz, all-optical switch for 1590-nm photons from a heralded single-photon source, achieving a signal-to-noise ratio of 140:1.
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Sleire, Linda, Bente S. Skeie, Inger A. Netland, Jan Heggdal, Paal-Henning Pedersen, and Per Ø. Enger. "Abstract 1590: Sulfasalazine sensitizes glioblastoma cells to radiation treatment." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1590.
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"Fresh Properties of High-Volume Fly Ash Self Consolidating Concretes." In SP-235: Eighth CANMET/ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology. American Concrete Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/15909.
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"Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Admixtures for Cement Based Materials." In SP-235: Eighth CANMET/ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology. American Concrete Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/15905.
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"Effect of Rubber Aggregates from Grinding of End-of-Life Tires on the Properties of SCC." In SP-235: Eighth CANMET/ACI International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology. American Concrete Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/15907.
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Reisman, David N., Colin Rogers, and Geoff Liu. "Abstract 1590: BRM and BRM polymorphisms applications for target therapy." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-1590.
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Legkikh, Victoria. "Is a hymnographer-compiler a writer or a reader. Service for All Saints Who shone in the Russian land as a typical service of the 16th century." In Tenth Rome Cyril-Methodian Readings. Indrik, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/91674-576-4.13.
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The feast of all the saints who shone in the Russian land was established after the Macariuscouncils of the 1547 and 1549, and already in the 1550s. Gregory, a monk of the Savior-Euthymius monastery in Suzdal, composed a service. The service is created according to chant models mainly taken from services for Russian saints, using both direct borrowing a hymn and adaptation of the hymn and creating a new one according to the model. We can say that this service shows a typical way of compiling a hymnography of the 16th–17th centuries. The report analyzes the sources and methods of creating a service compiled by Gregory.
Reports on the topic "1590s"
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Barro, Robert, and Rachel McCleary. Saints Marching In, 1590-2009. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16769.
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Merrill, Brad J. Final report on the MAGARC software consulting support contract (WFO No. 15904) for ITER magnet safety assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1468993.
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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-84-321-1590, asbestos shingle tear-off, Rockford, Illinois. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta843211590.
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