Dissertations / Theses on the topic '159.9:616.132.2'
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López, Penadés Raúl. "Déficit en el sistema motivacional aversivo en psicópatas subclínicos evaluados mediante el Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384630.
Full textVerdeguer, Cuesta Miguel. "Accidentes in ítínere y en misión: Implantación y desarrollo de campañas de sensibilización en la Comunidad Valenciana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81501.
Full textWe performed a statistical analysis and study of occupational accidents known as commuting accidents and in mission, highlighting the variables that affect them, calculating rates incidence depending on the severity of accidents account several significant variables and also by employment sectors, including individual indicators for the accident in at Valencia Community global and provinces. We analyze the technical opinion of the prevention and workers regarding the risk and road procedures to take preventive action at the enterprise level, we analyze a survey completed by workers who have participated in the campaigns, is the procedure and materials used for the development of awareness campaigns on road risk prevention as leaflets, posters and presentations describing two procedures for conducting a risk assessment based on the traffic variables affect the human factor, environment and vehicle, one by a linear model based on variables such as size of the company, worker's sex, age, time spent in the company, route used, type and age of vehicle used in the travel and accident, the percentiles are also collected a series of variables with high incidence of occupational accidents or scale for classifying a worker by levels of risk.
Frutos, González Jesús. "Funcions cognitives, neuroendocrines i característiques de personalitat en una mostra d’alcohòlics abstinents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/351956.
Full textRuiz, Pàmies Mireia. "I-daq:desarrollo de un cuestionario libre de sesgos de respuesta para la evaluación de la agresividad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/279285.
Full textThis dissertation develops a questionnaire of physical, verbal and indirect aggressionfor a wide age range (from adulthood to elderly), implementing procedures that allow the control of the main response bias (social desirability and acquiescence). Results showed adequate convergent and criterion validity of the I-DAQ, and a better fit of the questionnaire when controlling for response biases. Furthermore we concluded that the scores of physical, verbal and indirectaggressionremain constantwith age, when compared to the scores in adulthood. In addition, with respect to gender differences, adult men are more physically aggressive and indirectly aggressive than women and adult women are more verbally aggressive than men. In elderly, both sexes show no difference in their level of physical, verbal and indirectaggression.
Osma, López Jorge Javier. "Influencia de la personalidad en la clínica del trastorno de pánico con o sin agorafobia : un estudio exploratorio." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384623.
Full textEspinal, Durán Isabel. "Estudio comparativo entre familias dominicanas y españolas con hijos en educación infantil, basado en las dimensiones de estilo educativo y competencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10216.
Full textThis work is based on the empirical knowlewdge of the family derived from the comparison of a sample of Dominican families with another sample representative of the Spanish society. The study is centred on three diensions of the family system: style of education, function and the relationship of the couple. In both groups, the sample contains mothers who have at least a child receiving Pre-School education, between 3 and 6 years, 176 of whom are Dominicans and 240 are Spanish. This research considers the possibility of verifying whether significant differences exist between the two groups in relation to the style of educattion, family function and the relationship of the couple, due to the fact that these same groups come from different socio-cultural contexts. The possibility of the existence of significant differences within both groups is also considered, taking into account the three dimensions mentioned above with the variables of the family system: studies done by the mother, profession, age, number of children and the sex of the child chosen as reference. The conclusion reached as a result of the study shows that between the two samples studied there are significant differences in the style of education: Overprotection, Selfguilt, Style of Discipline and Inhibition. The Dominican mothers scored above average in this aspect When these styles were related to the grouping variables, the study shows that the level of education and studies of the mothers and employment ouside the home or not, of both group, determine the significant differences in the way of bringing up the children showing high levels in employment of disfunctional styles associated with mothers who had primary education and housewives.These same variables are found in family competence, showing more family leadership among the Spanish mothers when they have higher level of studies and work outside the home. The Dominican mothers who work outside the home indicate more family cohesión and better health.
Montoya, Castilla Inmaculada. "Repercusiones psicológicas de la cirugía pediátrica ambulatoria en el paciente y su familia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10154.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Major outpatient surgery was introduced in our country in the 1980s. The patient in need of this kind of surgery is admitted to the hospital on the very morning of the operation and leaves on the same day.The main emotional reactions of a paediatric patient are worries, fears and anxiety. These reactions can affect their post-surgery recovery, not only psychologically but also physically. This is why it is important to pay attention both to the family's emotions and also to their coping strategies, as this can affect the child's reactions.METHOD: The aim of this piece of research is to study and determine the variables that can help to understand psychological vulnerability to stress, both in children and their parents. The variables used were separated into social-demographic, medical and psychological groups. The samples were made up of 57 children (aged between 2 and 12) who underwent major otorrhinolaringological outpatient surgery in the valencian general hospital, and their parents (51 mothers and 13 fathers).RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The patient who underwent major otorrhinolaringological outpatient surgery is under 5 years old and had had no previous surgical experience. It is mainly the mother who looks after the child and she is satisfied with the information she receives. The medical health staff and the hospital's infrastructure. The patients developed no medical problems either before or after the operation whereas the fear and anxiety levels of children under nine reduce after surgery, those of children over nine rise. The moments when the parents felt most anxious were the day before and on the very day of the operation. This piece of research has allowed us to determine that the patient's level of anxiety and fear and the mother's level of preoccupation can help to predict the patient's emotional state during surgery, when we refer to the mothers, their level of anxiety trait and worry can help to predict the evolution of their emotional state.
Gómez, Tafalla Ana Mª. "El rol del gestor deportivo municipal en la Comunidad Valenciana, pasado, presente y futuro." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10175.
Full textThe sports management developed along the stopy of the towns is determined by the incessant demand carried out by the citizens to large extent. This situation generates some worry and interest in knowing and analysing the starting situation of the municipal managers, the actual moment in which they are together winth the future tendencies of an action.That is why a questionnaire has been developed in order to include all the possible tasks carried out by the municipal sports managers such as the tasks which are delegated to internal staff in the organization, the tasks which are contrated externally and all the tasks that are not realized including past, present and future.The sample to study includes the towns larger than 10.000 inhabitants of the Valencian Community.This investigation shows an analysis of the obtained results in the six areas of action of the municipal sports manager (accountant administration, sports facilities, sports activities, commercial and marketing, human resources and own management) together with the profile that describes the municipal sports manager in the Valencian Community.
Everss, Villalba Estrella. "Efecto de la amitriptilina sobre la evitación inhibitoria en ratones machos y hembras." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10178.
Full textAntidepressants are widely prescribed for depression and other disorders like anxiety. Apart from their therapeutic action, these psychotropic medications have side effects. For instance, tricyclic antidepressants have anticholinergic actions considered responsible for learning and memory impairment processes. With the aim of assess amitriptyline's effects on memory here we studied its acute and chronic administration on a inhibitory avoidance task in male and female mice. Animals can learn in a sole session (training) that crossing from black side into dark side imply an electric shock; twenty-four hours later (test), control mice avoid crossing to dark side. In the case of treated mice, in both sexes, acute amitriptyline administration before or immediately after training blocks the inhibitory avoidance acquisition and consolidation, respectively. Chronic daily administration before training also impair this task, but there was absence of effects when the daily treatment started 24 hours after training. Prevention of amitriptyline-induced avoidance impairment by piracetam pre-training (chronic or acute administration) was posible in male but not female mice. Post-training acute administration of caffeine didn't produce any effect in any sex. In the elevated plus-maze exploration, amitriptyline had no effect on anxiety and in some acute doses reduced the activity. The results indicated that amitriptyline cognitive effects were not be mediated by anxiolytic effects.
Martos, Mula Ana Josefa. "Efectos de la maprotilina sobre la evitacion inhibidora en ratones machos y hembras." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10179.
Full textThe effects of acute and chronic administration of maprotiline (2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were assesed on inhibitory avoidance in male and female mice. Acute administration of maprotiline before training impaired performance (i.e. produced shorter latencies) in the test phase at doses of 5, 20 and 25 mg/kg. This effect was stronger in female than in male subjects. Chronic administration for 21 days (interrupted 24 h before training) aldo shortened latncies in the test at doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg in male mice of the OF-1 strain, but the dose tested (25 mg/kg) in CD-1 male and female mice did not show any effect.The effect og maprotiline on activity, anxiety, and analgesia war also studied. Acute administration of 20 and 25 mag/kg of maprotiline reduced the activity and showed an analgesic effect both in male and female animals. The 25 mg/kg dose showed ans axiolytic effect in female. The drug had nost significant effect on activity or anxiety after chronic administration.The state-dependent learning phenomenon was studied using the 25 mg/kg dose. The results of this experiment showed that memorization deficit and performance facilitation seem to be involved.Taken together, these results indicate that acute doses of maprotiline produce anterograde amnesia and, at the highest doses, reduce locomotor activity, produces analgesia, and have anxiolytic effects. Chronic administration of the drug, unless at the highest dose, also produce an amnesic effect. The chronic administration of the highest dose leads to tolerance to the effects of maprotiline on anxiety and activity.
Albiach, Catala Maria Carmen. "El proceso de cambio en la adicción a la heroína: un análisis a través de metodologías cualitativas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10180.
Full textThe investigation is aimed at determining the psychosocial factors involved in addiction processes and lifestyle changes in heroin addicts, as well as at expanding current knowledge related to the incidence of psychological, therapeutic and environmental aspects in the recovery process of such addicts. The methods employed were: five in-depth interviews (IDI's) with psychologists; the life stories of five former heroin addicts who had abstained from consumption for at least three years and who had experienced evident lifestyle changes. The In-depth Interviews reveal personal, social and substance-relative aspects existing prior to, during and following the period of abstinence and which, change in relation to their number, incidence and interaction within a given environment and time, are favourable and/or restricting (although not preventative) to the commencement and maintenance of the new lifestyle. The Life Stories present detailed accounts of lives replete with experiences and serve to locate the process in a historical context. Prior psychosocial variables, which, in their own right and as a result of their influence in the configuration of a personality, play a key role in the posterior recovery: the transmission of values, family cohesion, initiation age and motive, mental health, peer relationships and social integration. Social support (institutional and intimate), motivation, the perception of self-sufficiency, mental health and the gains obtained through the lifestyle change all effect a powerful influence on the evolution. The analysis of the post-abandonment stage allows us to infer that not only has the extinction of the addictive behaviour been obtained, but also a degree of stability within a normalised social environment and the ability to live free and emotionally independent of the past without fear of a relapse.
Candela, Agulló Carlos. "Motivaciones y expectativas profesionales. Análisis desde la perspectiva de género." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10209.
Full textTo understand the motives underlying the different professional choices made by women and men is the main objective of this thesis, carried out from two theoretical perspectives: gender psychology and motivational psychology.Women situation in the society, especially in the educational and labour contexts, has been reviewed. Horizontal discrimination is present in the current labour market, where women occupy positions with lower value. One of the perspectives to analyse horizontal segregation is gender psychology. This discipline aims to examine, from a non-biased point of view, the social and psychological variables of the relationships between women and men. Taking into account the demands and characteristics of the current labour market, and the gender relations inside organizations, women and men occupy different positions, and what's more, women are in a disadvantaged position in the workplace.The second of the perspectives of this study is the motivational psychology. Gender differences in motivations for the career choice have been studied, including variables such as establishment of goals, attributions and expectations. The empirical study includes two professions, psychology, where women are highly represented, and industrial engineering, with higher representation of men. A transversal design is proposed to analyse the factors that determine the horizontal segregation. The study comprehends three target groups: students from secondary education, undergraduates and professionals. And variables that have been analysed within these samples are reasons of the masculinization and feminization of these careers, motivation of the career choice, perception of discrimination, expectations of reconciliation, professional profiles, accomplishment of goals and difficulties found in the development of the professional activity. Main conclusions obtained from this study highlights the persistence of gender stereotypes that determine the professional choices of women and men, according to the traditional social roles of gender, that directs women to social and humanitarian studies, and men to technical and scientific studies, and professions.
Ygual, Fernández Amparo. "Problemas de lenguaje en estudiantes con déficit atencional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10218.
Full textThis work has two purposes: the analysis of the language abilities in Spanish children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to examine the effects of methylphenidate in their language abiities. The language abilities were investigated with a task requiring recall of a lengthy narrative and in tests assessing knowledge of the articulation, phonological processing, verbal fluency, morphology, syntax and semantic aspects. The study was conducted with 74 children, aged 5 to 12, 37 with ADHD and 37 as normal controls (25 subtype Combined and 12 subtype with predominance of Inattention). The evaluation was carried out in two phases: pretreatment and postreatment. Concretely the children received two daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg. of methylphenidate during two months.Children with ADHD demonstrated deficits in all the speech and language processing tests and exhibited difficulties in organizing and monitoring their story retelling. The two subtypes of ADHD did not differ significantly, except the tests of comprehension of the narration. The subtype ADHD/I had more difficulties to recall the information and established more erroneous causal connections between events.The methylphenidate produced improvements, although with certain variation in the phonological processing tests, improved the tasks of verbal fluency, morphology, syntax and semantic aspects and the narration and comprehension of the story. The children with ADHA show worse linguistic abilities than the children that do not suffer this problem. These difficulties act interfering the communication, both at expressive and comprehensive levels, making them be less efficient in the communication process. Nevertheless, the group presents a great variety: from subjects that have a normal language to subjects with language disorders. Nevertheless, the pragmatic difficulties seem to be present in almost all ADHD children. The atenttion difficulties can interfere the output of the information; the working memory makes them less efficient in the distribution and monitoring of the available resources and less efficient in the selection and management of the basic structures of language. Consequently, it is necessary to include, in the usual evaluation of the children with ADHD, a systematic exploration of the language for to determine difficulties, value risks and ADHD decide the intervention strategies.
Alonso, Brull Vicente. "Optimización de la atención a través de un programa de intervención musical." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10219.
Full text1. Introduction Psychology and Music are both fields with which one can make profitable interchanges, that is why we decided to work out an interdisciplinary program.2. General aim To improve student attentiveness through a sonorous stimulus by means of a progression of contents.3. Specific aims Draw up and validate an instrument to assess attention though an auditory way; increase and improve student attentiveness; give future teachers of Musical Education the chance to develop and value musical parameters.4. Contents by chapters Chapter I Analysis of the concept of attentiveness and its historical perspective. Study of those scientific researches which have helped us to value the tasks of the interventional program. Revision of the models and study of the different methods, tecniques and types related to attentiveness. Evolutionary development and development of target-attention. Chapter II Study of attention resources, learning and school achievement. Reasons for introducing musical tasks to reinforce learning and performance, though rhythm, tune and harmony discrimination, to develop habits of attention in the classroom. Other matters are also present in this chapter, such as : the different inter-individualities in the attention level; the concept of the attention problem; attentiveness disorders and their effect on procedures and school achievement. Chapter III Analysis of the contribution of Development Psycholy to the teaching and learning of Music and to Musical Education.. The significance given to attentiveness in the different teaching methods. Main methodological musical systems. The importance of attentiveness in Music. Psichological aspects of musical art in the attention process. Chapter IV Presentation of the experimental design we carried out: Expounding of objectives and hypothesis; methodology used and results obtained from statistical analysis. Validity and reability of the ADA test; comments to our conclusions and prospects derived from our work.
Bermell, Corral Mª Ángeles. "Evaluación de un programa de intervención basado en la música-movimiento como optimizador del aprendizaje en la educación primaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10220.
Full textThe importance of music and movement as stimulating factors of our senses and reflexes are the first contact with the world. They are the only doors to inner self, and both potentiate the perception-attention-selection-motor control. Psycho-Functional Education is mainly composed of the stimulus and development attention, auditory and memory, visual perception and memory, tactile perception, motor memory, orientation in sapce and attitude imitation, the combination of wich is attained through exercises in dance and musical technics. It arises from the neuro-psychological theory of Vigosky and Luria based in the study of the complex topographical and funcional systems of the human brain. Human brain can be modified through exercise, stimulus and learning process. Cerebral organization may be dimished either by disfuntion or brain lesions, but also by mere lack of stimuli and adecuate education (Monedero 1984). According the Russian school of thought, various parts of the human brain are affected by psychological factors and may contribute to the cause of a desease, being susceptible to the rehabilitation technics. Difficulties in learning are not exclusively due to neurological, pathogenic factors; there ´re also environmental causes.The author has demonstrated that the PIMM, Program of Intervention starting from the interaction Music and Movement, is the central axis of its own Doctoral Thesis whose result has been significant. This program has increased the level of attention as well as the self-esteem. The processes cognitives can be stimulated, combining musical activities and of movement that they believe habits of he/she listens and experiences gratificantes is shared. It was applied to the whole Faculty of Primary Education and pupil of 4º level.
Asensi, Borrás María Celeste. "Comprensión lectora de personas sordas adultas: construcción y validación de un programa de instrucción." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10221.
Full textThe goal of the thesis is to study the consequences of applying information technologies to the instructional process of reading comprehension in profoundly and prelingually deaf adult people with different linguistic modalities (oral or sign language).The first section analyzes reading processes, and then the specific characteristics of these processes in deaf people are described. Later, the most common methods and systems applied in our context to improve reading comprehension are presented. Following our interest in computer assisted instruction a chapter has been added on the use of information technologies in learning processes, including a revision of existing software for the training of reading.The second section presents an instructional model based on information technology to improve reading comprehension in deaf adults which includes a software tool named SIMICOLE. This software consists of: a) 57 texts about ten different topics with some features addressed to facilitate reading: title, image, introduction and vocabulary support in written and Spanish Sign Language; b) a set of drill and practice exercises for each text to do after the reading and which are automatically evaluated by the computer; c) two production exercises for each text with a summary and an inference question, whose results sent through Internet to a tutor; d) a database system which is available to the tutor for consulting information permanently updated about learners' results and learner-program interaction.The instructional system works in four areas which are especially difficult for deaf people in reading comprehension: lack of oral language knowledge, scarce encyclopaedic knowledge, absence of knowledge on the structure of the texts and weak knowledge of strategies to reduce the semantic information.Finally, results of an experimental application in a group of seven deaf people are presented. The comparison between pre and post test scores shows better performance for all the learners. Although improvement level is different according to previous characteristics: better results are obtained in learners with better previous oral language domain as already expected.Some conclusions about new features and components to add to the training program are also presented at the end. These include explicit teaching of strategies for selection and reduction of the information contained in the texts, as well as suggestions of changes in the computer system SIMICOLE that may contribute to an increase in the learner's self-regulation of the learning process.
Soares, Teixeira Florbela. "la depresión postnatal en las mujeres: etiologia y consecuencias psicosociales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81332.
Full textThe thesis entitled "Postnatal depression in women: etiology and psychosocial consequences" is a study results from a descriptive and prospective study which aimed to evaluate the influence of the psychosocial and neurohormonal variables in the postpartum depression in women. The specific goals which oriented the study were the following: comparing pregnant women with previous history of Major depression, with those who hadn´t had any previous psychiatric disturb, in relation to the postnatal depression incidence and its initial occurrence (first six weeks) or later occurrence (after the sixth week); comparing women with previous Major depression history with those who hadn´t had any previous psychiatric disorder, in relation to the variation of hormonal parameters, psychosocial, obstetrics/gynecological and demographic variables; analyze the co-occurrence of postnatal depression in women and their partners; and to identify risk profiles for the occurrence of postnatal depression. It has been used a sample of 200 pregnant women, living in Oporto, of which resulted the constitution of one group of women with previous history of Major depression (n=75) and another one with no previous psychiatric disorder (n=125); in this study four evaluation moments were taken (thirty seventh week of pregnancy, second and sixth week after delivery and twelve months after delivery), where the different types of variables were collected. From the analysis of the results, we can conclude that the incidence and prevalence of postnatal depression is higher in women with previous history of Major depression; also that there are clinical variables (previous history of depression) and psychosocial variables (neuroticism, optimism and life events with negative impact) associated with greater depressive symptomatology and postnatal depression. There is also co-occurrence of postnatal depression on the couple.For risk profiles it appears that there are specific factors at 6 weeks postpartum (previous history of depression from women and men`s depression) and at 12 months (previous history of depression in women, men`s depression and women`s neuroticism) suggesting that it should adopteda continued and specific evaluation. The results enhances that postnatal depression has different etiologies, but the main triggers, are probably in the personal and social context. The consequences are directly to women but are beyond them once it was found association of depression in couples. This means that postnatal depression is a phenomenon with great psychosocial implications.
Bobes, Bascarán María Teresa. "Interacción madre-hijo en el desarrollo del temperamento infantil." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81885.
Full textBackground: Many scientific studies have emphasized the fundamental role of parents in social and emotional development of child from his very first days of existence. Recent empirical evidence has underscored the relevance of the infant over this dyadic system, in a way that child’s characteristics could modify certain aspects of the well-established structure of his parents. In sum, this study was intended to: 1) analyze the interactive effect of maternal mental health (i.e. Depression, anxiety and personality), over newborn’s temperament until 42 months later, 2) examine stressful life events and other sociodemographic factors that may influence this interaction, and 3) dig into a plausible predictive model of infant temperament. Methods: Design. Longitudinal prospective study of 317 mother-baby dyads, assessed from the first 3 days of living, and followed at 2, 8, 18 and 42 months. Participants Initial sample was constituted by 314 children who were born at the Clinical University Hospital of Valencia from November 2004 to November 2005. Results: Mothers with higher levels of depression and anxiety perceived themselves as less self-confident in caretaking (p=0.018), feeding (p=0.003) and globally (p=0.000) than those with lower affective intensity. Shier babies were characteristic of introverted mothers at both 18 (p=0,030) and 42 months (p=0.008). Higher neuroticism mothers had more responsive-alerted children (p=0.039) and were less confident at feeding (p=0.027) than more stable mothers at 2 months but no differences were found at 8 months in the MABS, neither in the EAS at 18 and 42 months. Discussion: Mothers with higher levels of anxiety, depression and extraversion end up with more irritable, difficult to mellow and negative emotional children, and at the same time, feel overeager and with lack of self-confidence to caregiving. Emotionality had fair evidence of being influenced by self-regulation, mother global confidence and father educational level.
León-Ramírez, Beatriz. "Ideología sexista como detonante de la violencia en las relaciones de pareja: un estudio de caso correlacional entre estudiantes de Lleida (Cataluña) y Tabasco (México) de alumnos universitarios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404913.
Full textEn la presente tesis se presentan los resultados y reflexiones de un estudio de la ideología sexista como variable predictora de la violencia de género. La presente investigación se ha realizado en México, un país con un alto índice de feminicidios, y en Cataluña, que presenta un menor índice y más programas de prevención. El objetivo general de la tesis doctoral es evaluar la ideologia sexista en jóvenes universitarios y su relación con la violencia de género, comprobando sus componentes ambivalentes (hostil y benevolente) con la violencia emocional y la física, así como revelar la relación que existe con los factores demográficos de los universitarios para evaluar la precocidad de la violencia.
This thesis presents the results and reflections of a study on sexist ideology as a predictor variable of gender-based violence. This research was carried out in Mexico, a country whith a high rate of feminicides, and in Catalonia, which has a lower rate and more prevention programs. The general aim of this doctoral thesis is to asses sexist ideology among young university students and its link to gender violence, and also revealing the link thats exist whith the demographic factors of university students in order to asses the early onset of violence.
Llabrés, Bordoy Jordi. "Intervenció assistida per ordinador en infants de primária amb baix rendiment acadèmic." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9445.
Full textEls ordinadors poden administrar aquest tipus d'instrucció si s'utilitza el programari adient. Aquest programari ha d'estar basat en el currículum dels infants. A més a més l'estil d'ensenyament del programari ha d'estar d'acord amb l'estil d'ensenyament del professorat. L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és avaluar l'eficàcia instruccional d'un programari basat en el currículum d'un grup d'alumnes de tercer de primària amb baix rendiment acadèmic. Amb la intenció d'avaluar la importància del tipus d'ajuda es varen desenvolupar dues versions del mateix programari. Una oferia ajudes dinàmiques i l'altra ajudes estàtiques. A més a més, la versió "dinàmica" es va utilitzar de dues formes diferents: un grup d'alumnes va treballar només amb l'ordinador mentre que l'altre grup rebia ajuda d'un terapeuta mentre treballaven amb l'ordinador. No varen aparèixer diferències significatives quant al rendiment en els quatre grups experimentals. És a dir, els alumnes que havien treballat amb l'ordinador rendien igual al final de la intervenció que els que havien seguit anant a classe normalment. És important remarcar que els alumnes que treballaven amb l'ordinador ho feien mentre el grup control rebia classe de la matèria treballada. Els resultats suggereixen clarament que la tecnologia pot ajudar als mestres a atendre les necessitats educatives dels alumnes amb BR. Quant a les estratègies d'aprenentatge, a major nivell de suport rebut, major utilització d'estratègies avançades. Així doncs, els resultats recomanen la integració dels ordinadors a l'aula, per tal que el professor pugui donar suport a l'infant quan aquest ho necessiti.
In this work we look at whether the educational role of the teacher, from a Vigotskyan point of view, can also be taken on by a computer. Software including Math and Reading activities with three different scaffolding levels have been developed and used over a period of 10 weeks (the effective time was 15 hours) with third grade children with low academic achievement. Both the achievement and the strategies employed were assessed. The results indicate that, whereas there are no significant differences as far as achievement is concerned, there is quite a clear relationship between the scaffolding level and strategy learning: the higher the scaffolding level,the more advanced the strategies used by the children. These results are discussed with respect to the scaffolding levels offered and point towards the need for the scaffolding to be meta-cognitive.
Monforte, Benajes Maria Jesús. "La comunicación referencial en emisores y receptores con/sin TEL." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81984.
Full textLópez, Domínguez Mercedes. "Liderazgo y clima organizativo como antecedentes distales de los comportamientos de ciudadanía organizativa orientados al cambio: el papel mediador de los estados cognitivo-motivacionales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116420.
Full textThe concept of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has received a great amount of attention during the last three decades (Podsakoff, Mackenzie, Paine & Bachrach, 2000). Nowadays, OCB is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct, covering different facets of discretionary behaviour Extant research on OCB has been focused mainly on the affiliative dimensions of the construct (Bettencourt, 2004). In spite of their potential as triggers of organizational change, the challenging dimensions of OCB have received little attention by researchers to date (Choi, 2007). In this regard, and noting that few authors have established possible antecedents of change-oriented OCB (e.g. Choi, 2007; Bettencourt, 2004), this research aims at examining proactive behaviors in the field of organizational citizenship behaviors. More specifically, this paper draws on a general framework of proactive motivation to propose and test a model that evaluates the influence of individualized consideration dimension of transformational leadership and innovative organizational climate as distal antecedents of change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, through their direct impact upon individuals¿ cognitive-emotional states (role breadth self-efficacy and felt responsibility for constructive change). This model draws upon Parker, Bindl and Strauss (2010)¿s model of proactive motivation and the research that recognizes the importance of transformational leadership and innovative organizational climate upon this type of behavior (e.g., Betencourt, 2004; Choi, 2007). The proposed model analyzes two dimensions of individualized consideration (supportive leadership and developmental leadership) and innovative organizational climate (climate of support and resources), as distal antecedents of change-oriented OCB. The relation between change-oriented OCB and its distal antecedents is mediated by role breadth self-efficacy and felt responsibility for constructive change. The hypotheses suggest that the relationship between developmental leadership, support innovative organizational climate and change-oriented OCB is mediated by role breadth self-efficacy. Likewise, the relationship between innovative climate associated with resources availability, supportive leadership and change-oriented OCB, is mediated by felt responsibility for constructive change, which in turn is mediated by role breadth self-efficacy. These results are consistent with previous research findings that confirmed mediating relations between leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors (e. g., Wang, Law, Hackett, Wang, & Chen, 1995). Likewise, it shows the fact those two facets of the same construct (individualized consideration) present different relations towards change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors. This shows that there are two well-defined leadership subdimensions, confirming this way the forecasts of Rafferty and Griffin (2006). Finally it should be emphasized the expansion of Choi¿s (2007) study with regard to the differentiation of the subcomponents of the organizational climate and the contribution of supportive leadership.
Kosonogov, Vladimir. "The effect of social dimension on the emotional response : centraland peripheral reactivity = Efecto de la dimensión social en la respuesta emocional : reactividad central y periférica." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/336977.
Full textEmotions have always been an important subject of study in Psychology. Another well-studied topic is social perception. This thesis studies how the social content of affective stimuli can modulate different responses provoked by such stimuli. The main aim of the present work was to investigate this question using different methods. We employed photographs and classified them according to two main affective dimensions - affective valence and arousal. To operationalise the term "social content”, first, we divided social stimuli into three categories (without people, with one person, and with two or more people) and, second, we introduced a self-report scale, "social interaction", that participants used to evaluate the degree of social interaction depicted in pictures. The experimental part consists of four studies. In Experiment 1 we obtained the subjective ratings of 200 pictures to build a set of pictures balanced in affective valence, arousal level and social interaction, in order to use these pictures in the following experiments. We also investigated the relationships between the aforementioned dimensions. In Experiment 2 we measured peripheral variables: electrodermal activity, facial electromyography and modulation of the startle blink response during the passive observation of pictures. In Experiment 3 we investigated the brain activity using the evoked potentials of the electroencephalogram during an attentional task with pictures as background distracters. In Experiment 4 we introduced a new technique for capturing the head movements as an indicator of emotional state and predisposition to act. According to subjective evaluation (Experiment 1), pleasant pictures were evaluated as the most social ones. We observed a positive correlation between the social interaction ratings and the affective valence and arousal ratings only for pleasant pictures (but not for neutral and unpleasant pictures): the more social a pleasant picture was, the more pleasant and arousing was considered. The electromyographic activity of the corrugator supercilii muscle was greater to unpleasant pictures with one person than to unpleasant pictures without people (Experiment 2). Electrodermal response was greater when participants watched unpleasant pictures with one person than when they watched unpleasant pictures without people and with two or more people. We think that the "one-to-one" social situation caused a state of uncertainty, and for a possible explanation we referred to the bystander effect that consists in that in emergency situations observers are more responsible when they are alone. This effect seems to manifest itself in the physiological patterns we obtained. However, the startle blink response was not influenced by the social content. A possible interpretation is that the brain underpinnings of social perception are diffuse and cannot directly modulate the startle blink reflex that develops very quickly. In the attentional task pictures with two or more people provoked a faster response (Experiment 3). We interpret this result in the light of the theory of social facilitation that postulates that humans perform a task better in the presence of others thanks to the increase of arousal. The data on the cerebral activity, as measured by event-related potentials, revealed that the latency of N1a, P2a, P2p, N2a and N2p was shorter and the amplitude of the N2a and P3 was larger to pictures with one person and two or more people. Thus, the processing of social stimuli is faster but requires more resources. The spatial spread of head movement was lesser when viewing pleasant pictures with one and two or more people (Experiment 4). This finding is consistent with an evolutionary theory that assumes that pleasant social environment causes a sense of security that might come from the social nature of humans that allowed them to survive.
Castarlenas, Solé Elena Teresa. "Evaluar la intensidad del dolor infantil: la escala numérica como alternativa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145253.
Full textThe verbal Numerical Rating Scale (vNRS-11) is one of the most commonly used self-report instruments to measure pediatric pain intensity even though there were no studies supporting its psychometric properties. This dissertation contributes to this gapin the literature. The results of this doctoral dissertation show that the vNRS-11 provides valid pain intensity reports when used with children and adolescents aged 6 years and above. Specifically, favorable results have been obtained for the construct validity (considering the convergent and discriminate validity) and criterion validity (considering the concurrent and predictive validity). In addition, our results indicate that the pain intensity ratings provided with the vNRS-11 agreed with those reported with anelectronic version of the scale (eNRS-11). To sum up, the results of this doctoral thesis show that the vNRS-11 does provide valid pain intensity reports when used in children and adolescents.
Argüello, Manresa Gemma del Carmen. "Sympathy for the devil. The paradox of emotional response to fiction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5186.
Full text1. Creemos en estados de cosas que son verdaderos y que por tanto existen.
2. Para tener una emoción se tiene que creer en cierto estado de cosas.
3. No creemos en la existencia del contenido de ficciones (es decir, en los estados de cosas que sostienen las ficciones).
4. Las ficciones nos emocionan.
Estas premisas nos muestran que existe una paradoja en la forma en que nos emocionamos frente a las situaciones ficticias, es decir, en las emociones que sentimos en el campo de la estética. Muchos filósofos han tratado de encontrar una solución para comprender por qué y cómo ocurre esta paradoja. En este trabajo voy a explorar muchas de las soluciones más importantes que se han ofrecido a esta paradoja. Sin embargo voy a dividir la paradoja de acuerdo con las premisas centrales (la segunda y la tercera). De acuerdo con la tercera premisa no se cree en la existencia del contenido de ficciones, porque para tener una emoción se tiene que creer que existe algo. Creo que uno de los principales problemas en relación con la paradoja de la ficción es que no hay una definición clara de lo que es una ficción y la forma en que nos emociona. Por lo tanto, es necesario encontrar una definición satisfactoria de ficciones con el fin de saber qué tipo de relación mental tenemos hacia ellas. Otro problema, y el más importante, se relaciona con la noción de creencia en la definición de las emociones (la segunda premisa) y la imposibilidad de sostener que uno se puede involucrar emocionalmente con las entidades ficticias o imaginarias a pesar de que no creemos en ellas. En este trabajo se aportan argumentos a favor de una solución para la paradoja de la ficción en la que se sostiene que sentimos emociones para entidades ficticias que imaginamos acentralmente, y también, porque me reduzco a obras narrativas de ficción, que tenemos que comprender las emociones que los personajes expresan para ser capaces de sentir algo hacia ellos. Voy a tratar de demostrar que la comprensión las emociones de otros es un "Círculo hermenéutico". Pero, por otra parte voy a tratar de sostener que la única manera mediante la cual podemos sentir ninguna emoción hacia el otro, en este caso el personaje de ficción, es a través de la capacidad de sentir simpatía por él y en consecuencia si podemos sentir simpatía entonces podemos sentir ninguna emoción hacia él. Voy a tratar de poner a prueba mi modelo en el análisis de una película. Voy a analizar cómo una película posiblemente puede provocar la emoción de la compasión si se nos da información suficiente sobre el personaje que imaginamos acentralmente y a dado que somos capaces de imaginar su situación con preocupación podemos sentir simpatía por él y en consecuencia compasión. Sin embargo, no me enfoco en la dimensión moral de la compasión. Yo sólo analizo la compasión como una emoción que podemos sentir hacia cualquiera. A pesar de ello, por el tema de la película que se analizará voy a discutir brevemente si somos capaces de sentir compasión por alguien en la imaginación pero que en la realidad no actua en consonancia con nuestros valores morales.
During the last thirty years there has been a fruitful debate around the so-called Paradox of fiction or the Paradox of emotional response to fiction. That is, how can fictional situations move us even if we know they do not exist? When we read a novel, assist to the theater or when we watch a film at home we normally react emotionally if the stories these mediums present engage us in such a way that move us to tears, horror, indignation, annoyance, etc. However, we know that these stories and the characters within them are not real. Then, there is a problem, at least in philosophical terms. The problem arises when we look carefully at the notion of belief. We neither believe that the characters of the fictions are real, nor the stages were they act on, nor the circumstances we watch depicted. We know they are unreal, and although this evidence they move us, sometimes softly and occasionally so strongly that they have such an impact in our lives.The Paradox of fiction lies upon these facts; the argumentation of this paradox centersaround the contradiction between the unreality of the fictional situations and the reality of our beliefs within our emotional lives (according to cognitive approach to emotions). And in consequence contains four premises:
1. We believe in statements that are true and that support that something exists.
2. In order to have an emotion we do have to believe in certain state of affairs.
3. We do not believe in the existence of the content of fictions (that is, the states of affairs purported by fictions).
4. Fictions move us.
These premises show us that there is a paradox when we are engaged emotionally with fictional situations that means, on the emotions we feel in the aesthetics field. Many philosophers have tried to find out a solution in order to understand why and how this paradox happens. In this work I will explore many of the most important solutions offered to this paradox. However I will divide the paradox according to the central premises (the second and the third). According to the third premise we do not believe in the existence of the content of fictions, so in order to have an emotion we have to believe that something exists. I think one of the main problems regarding the Paradox of fiction is that there is not a clear definition on what is a fiction and how we get engaged with them. So it is necessary to find a satisfactory definition of fictions in order to know what kind of mental relation we have towards them. Another problem, and the most important one, is related to the notion of belief concerning the definition of emotions (the second premise) and the impossibility of conceiving getting emotionally engaged with fictional or imaginary entities we do not believe in. In this work I will argue that for getting a satisfactory solution of The paradox of Fiction it is important to demonstrate that we can feel an emotion for fictional objects we acentral imagine, and also, because I am concerned with narrative fictional works, that we have to understand the character's emotions in order to be capable to feel something towards them. I will try to show that understanding other's emotions is a process like a Hermeneutic Circle. But on the other hand I will try to argue the only way we can feel any emotion towards the other, in this case the fictional character, is via sympathizing with him and since we can feel sympathy for him then we can feel any emotion for him. I will try to test my model in an analysis of a film. I will analyze how a film possibly can elicit the emotion of pity giving us prior information about the character we can acentral imagine and since we can imagine his situation with caring we can feel sympathy for him and in consequence pity. However I will not argue on the moral dimension of the emotion of pity. I am only concerned on pity as an emotion we can feel towards anyone.Nevertheless because of the theme of the film that will be analyzed I will have to discuss briefly if we can feel pity for someone in imagination that might not act accordingly to our moral commitments.
Cortés, Ruiz Maria José. "Endofenotipos disposicionales en los pacientes psicóticos y sus familiares de primer grado." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8875.
Full textActualmente para estudiar la heredabilidad a la psicosis las investigaciones recurren al estudio de endofenotipos, es decir a evaluar que características son más comunes en familiares de pacientes psicóticos, no presentes en sujetos sin patología psiquiátrica, que nos puedan indicar vulnerabilidad al trastorno.Esta tesis tuvo como objetivo estudiar aquellos endofenotipos relacionados con variables disposicionales y síntomas psicóticos mediante el análisis de posibles agrupaciones a través de técnicas estadísticas novedosas.Para ello, evaluamos a 105 pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia u otros trastornos psicóticos según DSM-IV, 46 familias o díadas paciente-familiar y 29 sujetos control a través de los instrumentos sobre sintomatología (SCAN, PANSS) y personalidad (TCI-R, NEO PI-R y MMPI-2).
Nuestros resultados nos acercan a una posible conceptualización de síntomas psicóticos a través de dimensiones de personalidad de acuerdo con una congruencia afectiva y, plantean la importancia de la esquizotipia negativa como factor de vulnerabilidad a la psicosis en relación a rasgos como la introversión social o la emocionalidad negativa.
ANGLÈS
Nowadays, to study the heritability to psychotic disorder, researchers use endophenotypes by evaluating characteristics that are more common in relatives of psychotic patients than in subjects without psychiatric pathology. Endophenotypes could indicate vulnerability to the disorder.The aim of this thesis was study those endophenotypes related to dispositional variables and psychotic symptoms by cluster analysis using new statistical approaches.
We evaluated 105 unrelated patients with a diagnostic of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders according to DSM-IV criteria, 46 pairs psychotic patient-unaffected relative and 29 controls using several symptom (SCAN, PANSS) or personality (TCI-R, NEO PI-R and MMPI-2) based tools. Our results suggest a possible conceptualization of psychotic symptoms by personality dimensions congruent with an affective condition and, raise the importance of the negative schizotypy as a vulnerability factor to psychosis particularly related to personality traits like social introversion or negative emotionality.
Mayor, Sánchez Carolina. "Evaluación del comportamiento íntegro y de la percepción de la integridad del líder en el trabajo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145867.
Full textThisthesis makesthe evaluation ofintegrity behavior andperception ofintegrity of theleaderat work.The results showthe following:integrityscoresrelate to theResponsibility(personality factor). We find that peoplewho commitcounterproductive behaviorsobtainedlower scores onIntegrity andResponsibility. In adaptingperception testthe integrity ofthe originalleadersimilarproperties are obtained. We seeits validity asperceivedleaderintegrityrelates toperformancebutare also includedother elementssuch as theAccountabilityandOpenness to Experience(personality factors). Finally noteas the weatheris related tothe perception ofthe integrity of theleader.Results showcan be seenas the integrityinfluences boththe individual andthegroupandshould be taken intoaccount.
Carreres, Lacasa David. "Valoración del repertorio léxico en español para escolares de 9 a 16 años." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/333343.
Full textEl objetivo fundamental de este trabajo ha consistido en la elaboración de un instrumento de evaluación de vocabulario comprensivo, para niños y niñas entre 9 y 16 años, explorando su fiabilidad y aportando evidencias de validez.
La parte sustancial de este trabajo recoge tres estudios de naturaleza empírica.
El primero de ellos (Estudio 1) detalla el muestreo y análisis diferencial del conjunto de alumnos y alumnas que participaron en una Prueba Piloto, así como el análisis psicométrico de los ítems contenidos en ella. A partir de los datos recogidos se procedió a la depuración de algunos de los elementos constituyentes y posterior reordenación de los mismos, dando lugar a lo que denominamos Prueba Piloto Revisada.
El Estudio 2, manteniendo una estructura similar al anterior, ofrece los datos relativos a un universo muestral más amplio y precisa el tratamiento psicométrico de los resultados obtenidos tras la administración de una Prueba Piloto Revisada de la que finalmente resultó Vavel Superior. A partir de aquí se procedió a la tipificación del test.
El tercer Estudio está dedicado a explorar las características psicométricas de Vavel Superior en términos de fiabilidad y validez. Por razones operativas, basadas fundamentalmente en el origen de la muestra utilizada, hemos dividido este estudio en otros dos. En ellos se recogen distintos datos sobre fiabilidad, validez convergente, estableciendo la relación entre pruebas destinadas a medir el mismo constructo y relaciones test-criterio, que indican el grado en que la prueba sirve para pronosticar con precisión el rendimiento en un criterio relevante.
El resultado de esta tesis puede contribuir a enriquecer en nuestro país la oferta de pruebas fiables y válidas desde el punto de vista psicométrico que permitan valorar aptitudes psicolingüísticas Su facilidad de aplicación la convierte en una herramienta versátil para ser aplicada con múltiples fines en diversas situaciones.
Rolph, Deborah. "We didn´t get nuffin': subtitled film as a tool in the teaching of markers of orality." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285033.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the comprehension of subtitles within their multimedia context in which together with the sound track, sounds, vocal intonation, gestures, editing techniques and image they converge to create meaning. What is said is only part of the message, but the way it is said forms an integral part of the message. Subtitled film is a useful tool in assisting students of translation to enhance their comprehension of markers of orality. If more is learnt about the processes that help students to develop the skills required of competent translators then the learning experience can be optimized and students assisted in becoming more fluent in socio-cultural variants of language. This study is concerned with the comprehension of sociolinguistic variants as reflected in the markers of orality present in film dialogue. There is a growing body of research demonstrating that subtitled materials play a significant role in the acquisition of foreign languages and are increasingly being promoted as a valuable aid to teaching. The present study explores the use of subtitled film as a tool in the training of translators in relation to establishing whether language acquisition extends to culturally specific unfamiliar colloquial language, specifically markers of orality. Factors that can be employed to optimize the learning experience and acquisitional impact of such materials are also investigated. Empirical research was carried out into subtitle mode and subsequent comprehension of lexical items chosen from five categories of markers of orality present in the film dialogues. The data collected indicates that subject comprehension varies according to whether they view films with Spanish or English subtitles. Comprehension being consistently better for those subjects viewing with subtitles in English, indicating that intra-lingual subtitles with all linguistic input in the L2 might be a more effective teaching tool for markers of orality than inter-lingual subtitles with the dialogue in the L2 and the subtitles in the L1. Differences between subtitles in the five films of the corpus were analysed in an attempt to explore other explanations for the research findings. Analysis of the corpus indicates that there is a strong tendency for standard language to be used in Spanish subtitles for the films included in the corpus, whereas the English subtitles reflected considerably more of the linguistic variation present in the dialogue. Suggestions are made for translations that reflect linguistic variation to enhance the learning of foreign languages. Further research could be carried out to investigate levels of comprehension obtained after exposure to such subtitles.
Estévez, López Estefanía. "Violencia, victimización y rechazo escolar en la adolescencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10187.
Full textThe main aim of the present thesis is to analyze relationships between some individual, family, and school variables, and the following behavioral and social adjustment problems at school in adolescence: (1) violence at school, (2) victimization by peers, and (3) school rejection. Variables considered in the study were: school variables: school violence, school self-esteem, and attitude towards school; and family variables: communication with father, communication with mother, parental support, family self-esteem, and family conflict. Participants in the study were 1068 Spanish adolescents of both sexes (513 boys and 555 girls) whose ages ranged from 11 to 16 years old (mean age 13.7), and attending secondary education in four school of the Valencian Community at the time of the research. Following initial contact with head teachers of the schools, all teacher staff were informed of the objectives, prodecure and relevance of the study. In parallel, a letter describing the study was sent to the parents who had to indicate in writing if they did not wish their child to participate in the study. Participants anonymously filled out the scales during a regular class period lasting approximately one hour. All measures were administered within each classroom on the same day. Results obtained in the study indicated the existence of a bidirectional relationship between problems of communication with father, mother, and teacher, and levels of psychological distress in the adolescence (depressive symptomatology and perceived stress), as well as problems of violent behaviour at school. Results also showed a bidirectional relationship between problems of communication with father and victimization by peers at school. Moreover, we found violent and rejected adolescents to have lower levels of family and school self-esteem and to inform about a more negative family climate (more communication problems with parents, more family conflicts, and less perceived support), and more negative attitudes towards school and teachers. Victims of violence showed lower levels of emotional and social self-esteem, but a better family adjutment, in comparison to aggressors. These results significantly contribute to scientific literature related to problems of life together at school and it association with particular personal, family, and school factors.
Urtubia, Vicario César. "El efecto expansión con una red cuadrada acromática en función de la luminancia y el tamaño." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10207.
Full textINTRODUCTIONIn this work the variation of darkening perception of a periodic chromatic test (linear sequence of small red squares of 1 cm side) has been analyzed with a black-white Ronchi grating as background, which band with is the same as that of the red squares. Variation of darkening of red squares (blackening and saturation) is due to the spreading effect (assimilation effect or Bezold effect) and in part to classical contrast (simultaneous contrast). The spreading effect causes a loss in clarity (influence of intercalated black strips), and simultaneous contrast (vicinity of white strips) results in a saturation increase. In our case the spatial sequence of black (virtual) and red squares, not only results in perception of a line (continuity principle) but also in the perception of a darker color, expanding along this line. CONCLUSIONSThe main conclusions derived from the results obtained are:1. The Bezold effect remains essentially invariant (the variation is within 2%-4%) upon illumination increase from 500 to 2000 lux. 2. The uncertainty interval slightly increases upon decrease of the grating frequency (increase in size of squares in the sequence), except for the 100' angle in which most of the responses is "larger than" even for minimal darkening values. 3. The Bezold effect is independent of the grating frequency for values higher than 0.01 min-1 (size of the test squares corresponding to measurements below 50'). 4. The Bezold effect decreases, from this 0.01 min-1 value, and is eventually cancelled when the grating frequency reaches a critical value of 0.005 min-1. The observed reduction in the Bezold effect as a consequence of the decrease of the grating frequency can be explained by the proximity principle. A decrease in the formation of a gestaltic structure takes place upon increase of the physical separation of its components, and this happens when the frequency of the squares of this structure increases, that leading to perception of a square. The disappearance of the gestaltic structure results in the cancellation of the Bezold effect.
Navarro, Ferragud Silvia Amparo. "Entrenamiento en habilidades sociales, entre pacientes esquizofrénicos: validación de un programa para pacientes crónicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10214.
Full textThe main objective of the study was to verify the efficacy of social ability techniques on chronic schizophrenic patient. These techniques have been checked from a scientific point of view and they are widely used in different contexts of the schizophrenic treatment. The study lasted one year, from March 2006 to April 2007, although during January and February 2006, a previous pilot study was made in a Mental Health Centre. The programme had 28 weekly 90 minutes sessions, from April to September 2006, with a rest period during August. All sessions were conducted by a psychologist and two co-therapists. The programme has three phases, the first with an education character lasted 4 sessions. The second was planned for eliminating behaviour inhibition of patient and for starting the normalization of social relations; 15 sessions were gradually developed through basic exercises about no verbal languages, semi verbal elements and verbal conducts. The third phase lasted 9 sessions, some active social adaptation exercises were made for teaching to recognize and anticipate to suitable answers.The sampled of patients used in the study was obtained from three Specific Centre of Mental Ills (CEEM) sited in Valencia (Spain). A total of 49 individuals were selected, 25 for the experimental group and 24 for the control group. The social ability programme was applied to the experimental group, and the control group continued with activities of CEEM, except those related to social abilities.The four proposed objective were: I) To confirm the existence of social deficits in patients with schizophrenic disorders. II) To probe that the training programme in social abilities can reduce the social deficits in schizophrenic patients. III) To study the influence of this therapeutic programme in the reduction of the positive psychotic symptoms. IV) To verify that benefits of programme are maintained in the time.The obtained results show the necessity of integrating cognitive strategies in the training programme of social abilities, and also the importance of post-treatment familiar support in the improvement of social abilities.
Cerdán, Otero Raquel. "Integration information processes form multiple documents." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10226.
Full textPresentamos dos estudios en los que nos cuestionamos: (a) qué procesos mentales subyacen a la integración de información a partir de múltiples documentos expositivos; (b) qué tarea sería la más eficaz para promover integración y aprendizaje a largo plazo a partir de documentos múltiples. Para aclarar estas preguntas, realizamos un primer experimento en el que cincuenta estudiantes universitarios leyeron tres textos y resolvieron dos tipos distintos de tareas en ordenador: contestar una pregunta global, que haría que los estudiantes leyeran activamente los textos y conectaran los segmentos relevantes de información en cada uno de ellos; contestar cuatro preguntas breves, que harían que los estudiantes se centraran únicamente en un texto, sin necesitar la conexión entre textos. Esperábamos que la pregunta global promoviera efectivamente integración y aprendizaje a partir de los documentos múltiples. Basándonos en un conjunto de datos on-line de lectura y de resultados de pruebas de aprendizaje final pudimos concluir que la tarea global había hecho que los estudiantes leyeran los textos con más detenimiento, centrándose en la información importante y conectando los segmentos relevantes a través de los textos. Todo ello tenía como consecuencia incrementos en el aprendizaje a largo plazo. En contraste, las preguntas breves hicieron que los estudiantes leyeran más rápidamente y únicamente promovieron una comprensión aislada de las unidades de información. Para complementar los resultados del primer experimento, creamos un tercer tipo de tarea para contrastar en un segundo experimento y que haría que los estudiantes ni siquiera entendieran los segmentos aislados de información. Creamos un conjunto de preguntas específicas que lo único que requerirían para su correcta contestación sería la copia de frases aisladas en los textos. Los resultados de este segundo experimento confirmaron la nula capacidad de las preguntas específicas para aprender a partir de múltiples textos y confirmaron completamente el patrón de resultados para los otros dos tipos de tareas. En conclusión, dos experimentos nos permitieron concluir que hacer que los estudiantes realicen tareas globales a partir de múltiples textos mejora el grado de aprendizaje que pueden obtener de ellos.
Torró, Ferrero Iolanda. "Desenvolupament psicológic en el cinc factors de personalitat." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10227.
Full textIn this Project the relation is investigated between all Five Big factors of personality(the Big Five) and the different areas of psychological development along the VitalCycle. The model of the Big Five Factors of Personality proposes the existence of fivefactors or basic dimensions of personality with which it might describe how is a person:Extraversión, Pleasantness, Persistence, Emotional Stability and Opening to theExperience.The sample is formed by a whole of 2800 subjects of both sexes (1788 women and 1012men) with ages included between the 14 and 92 years, chosen at random among thepopulation of the Valencian Community.In our investigation we apply an inventory of opened response: the Inventory ofInterrelationships of Personality with vital events and social modal "InterpretiveAutobiographical Synthesis of the history of life" (Clemente and Gimeno, 2000). Thesubjects answer by means of a scale Likert of 7 points to the estimated influence thatevery aspect of personality, positive or negative, has had (past), it has nowadays(present) or it might have (future) on certain areas of development. These variables ofinfluence, the areas of Social, Affective, Personal, Labour, Economic and Physicaldevelopment will be the dependent variables on our investigation. The independentvariables are those that we consider to be relevant for our aims, the Group of Age andthe Factors of Personality.Some of the results derived from the investigation confirm the major valuation of thesocial area in the teenagers, a major labour economic valuation in the adult age and amajor valuation of the physical area in the oldness. Also we observe higher valuationsof the social area in the subjects extrovertids, a major valuation of the affective area inthe subjects of the factor of Pleasantness, higher of the labour area in the subjectspersistent and opened the experience, as well as an increase of the valuations in thephysical area of the subjects of the factor Emotional Stability - Instability.
Sellés, Nohales Pilar. "Elaboración de una prueba de habilidades relacionada con el desarrollo inicial de la lectura (BIL 3-6)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10235.
Full textThis doctoral thesis deal with abilities related with the early reading acquisition.On Reading research there is an interest to find what factors affects reading ability. Wehave meticulously examined these works and we have delimited the abilities related toreading acquisition: phonological awareness, alphabetic awareness, naming speed,linguistic skills, metalinguistic knowledge and basic cognitive processes, as visualperception and auditory sequential memory.It's important to test whether these abilities are previous to the reading and makeeasy the reading acquisition, due to their diagnosis and intervention could prevent futureproblems on reading and writing acquisition. Our main aim is to determine, in whatmoment, the main abilities related to initial development of reading on Spanishchildren.We designed a battery of items in order to assess each one of the mentionedabilities, excepting meaning speed because it needs a computer to be assessed. Wedeveloped 15 tests with 143 items. Five tests assess phonological awareness, one testassess alphabetic awareness, three tests assess metalinguistic knowledge, four testsassess linguistic development and two tests assess cognitive processes.We conducted some pilot applications in order to establish psychometriccharacteristics (reliability and validity) of the test. Then, 344 children between 3 and 6years old were tested. We analyzed items with the best predictive function. To conclude,this study allows us to establish a sequence of task acquisition of the main abilitiesrelated to the initial development of the reading with the Spanish sample. This resultsallows us to design effective evaluation and intervention. Moreover, results allow us tocheck the degree of linguistic differences on sequence of acquisition between Spanishchildren and Anglo-Saxon children, however the results are quite similar. This isimportant because we can use materials inspired on English intervention programs.
Gómez, Sánchez Lucía. "Procesos de subjetivación y movimiento feminista. Una aproximación política al análisis psicosocial de la identidad contemporánea." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10181.
Full textThis paper aims to approach subjectivity from a historic and political viewpoint as opposed to the conception of ahistorical, autonomous, and independent identity prevailing in the disciplinary field of the paper, namely Social Psychology. To that end, a transdisciplinary approach has been observed and so research by Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu has been considered, as both authors have radically fought the idea of naturalised and depoliticised identity. Both theoretical and methodological tools have been drawn from their work, allowing us to dismantle the individual/society dichotomy.On the one hand, the acknowledgement of identity as the object of social subjection, social regulation, and submission prompted us to examine the constraints, possibilities, and contradictions of political action, hence our shift towards the social movement field. More specifically, a part of the feminist movement was taken as a reference: the women's movement grouped around the 1980s Italian sexual difference thought. We believe that social movements make up an excellent watch platform for the analysis of people's capacity for action and the study of the political conformation of identity from the resistance viewpoint.On the other, the problematisation carried out in the paper regarding the construction of today's subjectivity caused us to redefine psychosocial knowledge itself. We shall not forget that the very boundaries of Social Psychology depend on the subject concept defended. In this regard, the political-epistemic discussion developed in the paper has allowed us to query the conception of Social Psychology as a positive science and to redefine psychosocial knowledge from a post-structuralist perspective taking on the political and ethical dimension of social sciences.
Gadea, Domenech Marien. "Efectos de la atención sostenida y alternante en la lateralización del lenguaje medida a través de escucha dicótica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10177.
Full textIntroduction and objectives: The interaction between linguistic and attentional hemispheric specialization was investigated through a forced attentional dichotic listening task (stimuli composed with the stop consonants pa-ta-ka-ba-da-ga) applied to 96 normal subjects (groups of 24 right and left handers, men and women). A baseline (free) and attentional (sustained on an ear or shifted between both ears) conditions were applied. For the shifted conditions, a previous sound cued the subjects the ear to be attended. The intervals between the cue and the dichotic stimuli were 150, 450 and 750 ms. Results: 1) The right ear advantage (REA) obtained for the free dichotic listening condition (baseline) was higher for the forced-right conditions, and a left ear advantage (LEA) appeared for the forced-left conditions. 2) The attentional modulation was due to an increase of the hits (cued syllable reported), being this increase even higher for the shifted conditions. 3) The 450 ms interval was the most effective to orient the attentional resources. Between 450 and 750 ms there were no differences. 4) On the comparisons between both attended and non attended ears each other, a REA appeared, suggesting the presence of another factor (structural-linguistic) besides selective attention to explain the results. 5) Individual differences (sex or manual preference) did not affect to the results.
Aguilar, Domingo Moisés. "Subtipos electrofisiológicos de personas diagnosticadas de trastorno por déficit de atención con o sin hiperactividad características e implicaciones psicolofisiológicas y educativas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117360.
Full textThe main aim of this study was to examine, from Independent Component Analysis (ICA) applied at spectral and evoked brain activity, if it is possible to define electrophysiological subtypes of person diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This may allow us to understand the relationships between the neural networks that compose the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex and the different types of clinical characteristics. For this, we used brain maps obtained by 20 channel electroencephalography (EEG) recordings at baseline, and after visual stimulation. Time course and topography of potentials (LORETA) as well as Amen Clinical Scale scores were analyzed. We found six different electrophysiological ADHD endophenotypes, which were clearly correlated with symptoms (clinical phenotypes), such us the no responder to medication, impulsive, inattentive, and with emotional dysregulation ones.
Pastor, Verchili María del Carmen. "Modulación del reflejo de sobresalto y medidas autonómicas en psicópatas encarcelados." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10509.
Full textLlor, Zaragoza Laura. "Nuevas perspectivas en la evaluación cognitiva : inteligencia analítica y práctica." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/277220.
Full textNew perspectives in cognitive assessment: analytical and practical intelligence The general objective of the doctoral thesis is the study of the psychometric properties of reliability and validity of the Aurora Battery, specifically the subtests of analytical and practical intelligence. The specific objectives are: 1. To study the psychometric characteristics of reliability of the assessment instruments of analytical and practical intelligence (subtests and total) of the Aurora Battery, designed by Sternberg and collaborators. 2. To study the internal structure of the test in order to verify the independence or interrelation of the two intelligences proposed by Sternberg (analytical and practical), as well as their relation or independence with psychometric intelligence or the "g" Factor. 3. To analyze the psychometric characteristics of analytical and practical intelligence in the sample of participants through descriptive analyses. 4. To analyze the participants' profile of analytical and practical intelligence as a function of gender and grade, controlling for the variable age. 5. To study the relation between academic achievement and analytical and practical intelligences. 6. To study the predictive capacity of analytical and practical intelligences for academic achievement. 7. To study the agreement or convergence between the identification of gifted students provided by the Aurora Battery and that provided by the psychometric model (by means of the "g" Factor). The sample was made up of 234 students (47% boys) from Primary Education schools of the Region of Murcia (Spain). Participants' age ranged between 9 and 12 years (M = 10.22, SD = .90). We used three instruments: the Aurora Battery, Cattell's “g” Factor Test, and students' academic achievement. The design and data analysis made use of different procedures within a general correlational method that includes predictive/explanatory techniques based on the data obtained. With regard to the first objective, the items showed a good dispersion of the difficulty rates. Regarding the internal validity index, in general, most of the items obtained a correlation higher than .20 with the total of the test, with the sole exception of the Tangrams subtest, whose item-total correlation values were very low. With regard to the reliability of the test, three subtests obtained alpha values higher than .70 (Maps, Homophones, and Floating Boats). Five subtests obtained an alpha value of approximately .60 (Exchanging money, Decisions, Toy Shadows, Paper Cuttings, and Metaphors), whereas three subtests (Letter Math, Algebra, Tangrams) obtained alpha values lower than .50. With regard to the second objective, the results showed that intelligence can be divided into analytical and practical skills. It is also possible to divide intelligence as a function of the content (verbal, numerical, and figurative) of the subtests. With regard to the third objective, the results showed that the distribution of the total scores of the eleven subtests is well balanced, the Decisions and Metaphors subtests were relatively easy for the students, whereas the two most difficult subtests were Algebra and Money Exchange. With regard to the fourth objective, we observed a progressive increase in the mean as a function of higher levels of schooling. With regard to gender, the female students presented higher mean scores in the subtests of verbal content, whereas the male students obtained higher scores in the subtests of spatial content. With regard to the fifth objective, the results showed that most of the subtests of the Aurora Battery correlated with students' academic achievement. With regard to the sixth objective, the results showed that the subtests with greater verbal weight are those that best explain academic achievement. With regard to the seventh objective, the results revealed greater coincidence in the detection of gifted students using the Figurative Intelligence and Cattell's "g" Factor.
Abellán, Olivares Francisco Javier. "Escala de desarrollo armónico: un estudio de validación estructural." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/109212.
Full textThis thesis seeks for an answer to the problem presented in the evaluation and measurement of children development, overcoming the difficulties found in the scales traditionally used by psycologists. Among the desired characteristics we find the use of the same tool from birth until adolescence, interpreting development and discriminating a sufficient number of areas which can guide therapeutic interventions. Both the thories from the Evolutive Psycology and from the Cognitive Science are revised in order to create an "Evolutive Matrix" formed by 800 achievements which we may observe in development between 0 and 12 years. Explorative factorial analysis showed the unidimensionality of each one of the 10 sub-scales included and the scale as a whole. The internal consistency of the obtained measurements and the suitability of the items to reflect the average attribute of every sub-scale were also proven. In conclusion, the structure under trial meets the instrumental objectives posed.
Souza, Carlos Henrique Amaral de. "Constituição do campo sensível : apegos, renúncias e liberdade – uma contribuição da filosofia budista." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1473.
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Esta dissertação foi construída em interface com a tradição oral milenar da filosofia budista, respeitando um estilo tradicional dos ensinamentos em sua transmissão oral. Por meio da perspectiva de uma "filosofia prática", constitui-se uma metodologia onde as questões se desdobram em reflexões e ideias encadeadas, o que permite contemplar um tema de vários ângulos, tendo por fio norteador os ensinamentos budistas da linhagem Sakya, que orientam uma postura ética para a vida cotidiana. Abordam-se as "orientações para o viver" contidas nos ensinamentos com ênfase no domínio da mente, da motivação e da intenção da ação humana. Para a realização desse exercício ético, que transforma o campo da educação – processo de ensino e de aprendizagem – e o da produção de conhecimento – constituição de saberes sobre si e sobre o mundo –, a prática da meditação se coloca como delineadora de novos contornos para o pensar, o sentir e o agir, o que se evidencia por meio do ensinamento clássico “ Libertando-se dos Quatro Apegos”, referência central para este trabalho. Nesta perspectiva, a meditação é abordada como campo da experiência, como um método com o qual podemos viver a “não separatividade de sujeito-corpo-mente”. A importância da meditação para um processo de criação de experiências constitutivas de um estar desperto. Este despertar se faz por meio de práticas onde “nós somos a experiência da mente”, “nós somos a mente em si”, e a prática da meditação nos propicia essa experiência. A experiência de "estar presente em cada momento" pode nos levar ao domínio de nós mesmos, ao reconhecimento do outro como ser humano que também somos, e ao desenvolvimento da compaixão por todos os seres. Por meio desse processo podemos reconhecer o estado Búdico, ou melhor, o estado de Budeidade que todos temos em potencial. Budha é uma potência em nós, potência de desenvolvermos compaixão equânime para com todos os seres E podemos fazer isso reconhecendo dois aspectos importantes: os quatro apegos que nos aprisionam e a maneira de nos libertarmos deles para trilhar o caminho desperto
This essay has been written based on an interface with the millennial oral transmission of the Buddhist philosophy. Through the perspective of a “practical philosophy”, we constitute a methodology in which the matters unfold revealing intermingled reflections and ideas, with the intent of contemplate a topic and its several different angles, based on the Buddhist teachings of the Sakya lineage, which lead us to an ethical posture for the everyday life. We cover “guidelines for life” present on the teachings emphasizing mind control, the motivation and the intentions of the human action. In order to accomplish this ethical exercise, capable of transfor ming education itself – the teaching and learning process – and also the knowledge acquirement – the constitution of knowledge about oneself and the world -, the practice of meditation finds its way as the outliner of new aspects for the thinking, feeling and acting processes, which is highlighted through the classical teaching on “Parting from the Four Attachments”, a key reference to our work. On this perspective, we discuss meditation as a field of the experience, a method through which we may live the “non-separation of subject-body-mind”. The importance of meditation for the creation of a constitutive experience process to the awakening state of mind. Whatever we do through practices in which “we are the experience of our minds”, “we are the mind itself”, and the practice of meditation provides us with this experience. The experience of “being present in each moment” may lead us to a state in which we can control ourselves, the recognition of others as human beings which we all are and the development of compassion for all beings. Through this process, we may recognize the Buddhic state, or better yet, the Buddheity state which we all potentially have. Buddha is a power within us, a power of developing equanimous compassion for all beings and we may do that by recognizing two important aspects: the four attachments which imprison us and the way we get rid of them to walk the awakened way
Радахевич, Андрій Васильович. "Інтернет мережа як інститут соціалізації: соціально-психологічний аналіз." Thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2014. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3497.
Full textThe problem of the impact of the Net on socialization, highlights the positive and negative aspects of the impact of the Net on personality, which is very important for people in modern society, which actively implemented information technologies and their impact on humans is inevitable.
Грищенко, Юрій Віталійович, Євген Михайлович Хохлов, Д. В. Потапов, and І. В. Потапов. "Применение бортовых систем прогнозирования безопасности полетов в гражданской авиации и их перспективы." Thesis, Национальный авиационный университет, 2014. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/12094.
Full textГрищенко, Юрій Віталійович, Андрій Васильович Скрипець, and Володимир Дмитрович Тронько. "Применение автокорреляционных функций для определения качества эргатической системы при летной эксплуатации." Thesis, Национальный авиационный университет, 2014. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/12101.
Full textManau, Trullàs Rosa. "Quantificació numérica de les emocions associades al color." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123831.
Full textColour has played an important role in human life. In fact, colour can influence human emotions or feelings. Colour can be defined by semantic words describing the characteristics of colours and human’s emotional responses on it (colour emotion index). The relationship between colour and emotion is very complex. This thesis investigates the relationship between colour emotion and its physical properties. Relations between physical and perceptual colour parameters are very important and quantification of colour emotion can be used mainly in industry, fashion and environmental design (architecture, decoration and so on). This thesis investigates the relationship between a physical point of view of colorimetric characteristics in CIELab colour space and a psychological and emotional perception of this colour. Samples were evaluated on the basis of seven emotion variables by observers from four different geographical groups (Spain, Hong Kong, Japan and Thailand) in the psychophysical experiment, resulting in a Color Emotion Index (CEI) and Colour Emotion Formulae (CEF). The analysis shows that CEI was mainly related to Chroma, Lightness and Hue, and it was concluded that Chroma and Lightness (especially Chroma) were the most important factors on colour emotion, while the influences of Hue and cultural background were limited. So, the almost coincidence between numerical results (correlation coefficients and factor analysis) of the four multicultural studies, suggest that it may be possible to define a Colour Emotion Space (CES) with a limited number of factors or parameters. In that way it would be able to predict human’s emotional response on colours with instrumental tools. Knowing the quantitative equations through statistical analysis for estimating the relationship between colour and emotions it would be able to develop a computer system that, using the defined equations, should it be possible to define emotional coloured products in industry.
El color ha jugado un importante papel en la vida humana. De hecho, el color puede influenciar las emociones y los sentimientos humanos. El color puede describirse mediante términos semánticos (palabras) que describen las características de los colores y las respuestas emocionales del color (Índice de Emoción del Color). La relación entre el color y la emoción que provoca es muy compleja. Esta tesis investiga la relación entre la emoción que provoca el color y sus propiedades físicas. La relación entre los parámetros físicos y de percepción del color es muy importante y el cálculo de la emoción provocada por el color puede utilizarse principalmente en la industria, moda y diseño de ambientes (arquitectura, decoración, etc …). Esta tesis investiga la relación entre las características del color desde un punto de vista físico mediante el espacio de color CIELab y la percepción psicológica y emocional. En el ensayo psicofísico se evaluaron muestras de color, mediante siete pares de emociones, por individuos de cuatro países diferentes (España, Hong Kong, Japón y Tailandia) dando como resultado el Índice de Emoción del Color (CEI) y las fórmulas descriptivas de las emociones generadas por le color (CEF). El análisis muestra que el CEI depende principalmente de los parámetros del croma y de la luminosidad (especialmente el croma), mientras que el tono y la influencia cultural son minoritarias. Así pues, la práctica coincidencia de los resultados numéricos obtenidos (coeficientes de correlación y factores de análisis) para los cuatro estudios multiculturales realizados sugiere que es posible definir un espacio CEI, como respuesta a la emoción producida por el color, con un número limitado de factores o parámetros. De esta forma será posible predecir respuestas emocionales de los colores por medios instrumentales. Si a través de análisis estadísticos sobre la relación entre los colores y las emociones que éstos provocan podemos conocer sus ecuaciones cuantitativas, será posible desarrollar un software con ecuaciones aplicadas a la industria y sus productos desde un punto de vista de las emociones que provocan los colores utilizados.
Martínez-Conde, Beluzán Macarena. "¿Nuevas familias? Explorando el potencial distintivo de construcciones discursivas en situaciones de homoparentalidad." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96262.
Full textHomoparental families appear diverse just because they are formed by same-sex couples, but is this diferent enough to assure familiar diversity? The legalisation of same-sex marriage and its effects shows us that there is a chance that homoparenting becomes a social norm, thus discriminating lesbians and gays who would not fullfill that norm. Instead of changing the social order, the normalization of homoparenting could just maintain it. Through this tesis we have questioned homoparenting's capacity of maintaining or modifying the central core of heterosexual family: binary gender structure. For that we have described subject positions (Davies & Harré, 1990) available for homoparenting and their arguments, and we have analyzed their potential for change and reification. We have worked with 19 people (lesbian, gay and bisexual), from 28 to 45 years-old, living in the European Union. The information we worked with was colected through in-depth interviews (Wilton, 2005), using a flexible thematic script, which was modified through the field work. The analytic corpus was 17 conversations which were treated as argumentative texts (Toulmin, 1958 in Santibañez Yañez, 2002). We analyzed both the participants' propositions and our own. Through the process of elaboration of the tematic script and its modifications, we did a reflexive work about our own assumptions and research question. For the analysis we took a socioconstructionist point of view (Gergen, 1985; Gergen y Gergen, 2011), using discoursive analysis (DA) with Interpretative Repertoire elements (Wetherell & Potter, 1988), and rethoric analysis (Gill & Whedbee, 1997, in van Dijk (Comp) 2000; Toulmin, 1958 in Santibañez, 2002). The main results describe five subject positions available for homoparenting: heterosexual father/heterosexual mother, gay father/heterosexual father, lesbian mother/heterosexual mother, lesbian/woman, and good gay/bad gay. Additionally, three different discourses were found: bological, normative and psychological. Finally, we realise there is not just one answer to our question. Homoparental families are, at the same time, a way to question heteronormativity as well as a way to reificate it. Key words: Homoparenting, Discourse Analysis, Subject Positions, Interpretative Repertoir, Rethoric Analysis
Tello, i. Casany Carme. "Relación entre función reflexiva y desarrollo de conductas agresivas en menores con antecedentes de maltrato, negligencia y/o abuso sexual." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116428.
Full textHemos estudiado si existía relación entre la función reflexiva (FR) y los tipos de conducta agresiva (verbal, física e indirecta) en una población con antecedentes de maltrato, negligencia y/o el abuso sexual en la infancia. Se han evaluado de 100 sujetos de 12 a 17 años: 50% cada grupo: protección de menores y estudiantes de secundaria, con paridad de edad y sexo. Se ha valorado: Función reflexiva (FFI), conductas agresivas (DIAS), cociente intelectual (RAVEN) y perfiles de personalidad y psicopatología (MACI). Los resultados sugieren que: los sujetos con FR alta tienden a usar la agresión indirecta, las puntuaciones altas de CI correlacionarían con puntuaciones altas en FR, una mayor puntuación del síndrome clínico correlacionaría con una mayor puntuación en la escala de agresión y parecería que la conducta de tipo adictiva puede ser un factor de alto riesgo para desarrollar conductas agresivas de tipo verbal.
Relationship between reflective function and development of aggressive behaviour in children with a history of abuse, neglect and/or sexual abuse" We studied whether there was a relationship between the reflecting function (RF) and the types of aggressive behaviour (verbal, physical and Indirect) in a population with a history of maltreatment, neglect and/or sexual abuse in childhood. We evaluated 100 subjects from 12 to 17 year: 50% each group: child protection centres and high school students, with age and gender parity. It has been assessed: reflecting function (FFI), aggressive behaviour (DIAS), IQ (RAVEN) and profiles of personality and psychopathology (MACI). Although we could not establish a confirmatory demonstration of the relations between RF and aggression levels due to research limitations, the results suggest that if it appears that low or negative RF, coupled with a history of maltreatment, neglect and sexual abuse it is a risk factor for aggressive behaviour and personality disorders and addictions.
Jarde, Alexander. "Q-Coh A tool to assess the methodological quality of cohort studies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116205.
Full textFor decades there has been a need for reviews of the literature to summarize the knowledge that the scientific community produces. Initially, experts in the correspondent areas collected and summarized the published studies on certain topics following rather subjective and opaque methods. These were the so‐called narrative reviews. However, the need for a more objective and transparent methodology gave rise to systematic reviews and meta‐analysis, which provided clinicians, researchers, policy‐makers, and patients with a synthesis of an unmanageable and exponentially increasing number of manuscripts by linking and correlating huge amounts of information with identification of beneficial or harmful interventions. However, these methodologies still have some limitations to overcome, as is the case of the quality of the primary studies that are reviewed. Although the inclusion of experiments in systematic reviews is well established, the inclusion of observational studies is still under debate. However, much of clinical and public health knowledge is provided by observational studies, and the area of psychology is not an exception. A usual reason given for this is that observational studies, mainly because of their lack of randomized allocation procedure, are more susceptible to bias. It is true that randomized controlled studies are less prone to bias, but it is difficult to justify that evidence given by high quality observational studies is more valid than ‘evidence’ given by low quality randomized controlled trials only because of their design label. Therefore, it is of high importance to be able to validly and reliably assess the quality of observational studies. As shown in this doctoral thesis, dozens of quality assessment tools for observational studies have been developed so far, but very few meet the criteria that should be expected from an assessment instrument, especially when cohort studies are on focus. Once this gap was confirmed, a new quality assessment tool for cohort studies was developed following the standardized development criteria established by the American Psychological Association, the National Council on Measurement in Education, and the American Educational Research Association: the purpose of the test and construct to be measured were clearly defined, the test specifications were delineated, items were developed, tested and evaluated, and finally the test was assembled into an interactive spreadsheet. In order to assess the psychometric properties of this new quality assessment tool, which was named ‘Q‐Coh’, it was applied by three different raters to 21 cohort studies of diverse topics with a wide range of quality levels. Additionally, despite there is no gold standard for the methodological quality, the validity of the Q‐Coh was also studied using different approaches. The results showed that the proportion of agreement between pairs of raters was over 80% in all cases, with not only good to very good kappa values, but also being statistically significant in most inferences. This is very positive, especially considering the existing difficulties in developing a quality assessment tool with acceptable reliability scores. Also regarding the QCoh’s validity the results point to the good direction. Literature reviews have been evolving for decades, and as their relevance grew, so did the demands for more objective, precise, and reliable procedures. In this context of constant refinement, the Q‐Coh tries to help filling an important gap contributing in its small way.
Pérez, Compdepadrós Marta. "Variables moduladoras de calidad de vida en supervivientes pediátricos de tumores en el sistema central." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/305113.
Full textSurvival in childhood cancer has dramatically improved for the last decades. As a consequence, interest in the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of survivors has increased. The results on HRQoL are still inconclusive, sociodemographic and late effects variables in the survivorship explain slightly percentage in the final outcome of the CVRS. Objective: this theses aims to evaluate the HRQoL in CNS tumor survivors, reported by both survivors and parents. In addition, this research explores the role of psychological variables on the final HRQoL. These psychological variables are: coping styles of adolescent and their parents and parental distress. Method: 38 survivors of CNS tumor and 44 parents who were treated in the Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron were assessed. Adolescent ages were between 12 and 19 at the time of the study and they were a minimum of one year free of cancer treatment. Results; survivors and parents reported an average HRQoL similar to healthy population. Nevertheless, more than 40% of survivors reported one standard deviation below the average in several dimensions. Coping styles could play an important role in the outcome of the HRQoL in teenager tumor survivor specifically, productive coping style, which is used by the adolescent. According with the multiple linear regressions, the coping style explanatory value of the variance is higher in the auto-reported version. Conclusions: coping styles could have a significant role in the HRQoL of CNS tumor adolescent survivor. Therefore, follow-up with a multidisciplinary approach is essential to detect and intervene in cases with poorer HRQoL.