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1
Lestringant, Frank. "Huguenots au grand large." Revue d'histoire du protestantisme 9, no. 1 (April 4, 2024): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47421/rhp_9.1_101-109.
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Au XVIe siècle, les tentatives coloniales auxquelles les huguenots prennent part sont celles de la France Antarctique au Brésil, dans la baie de Guanabara ou Rio de Janeiro (1555-1560), et de la Floride, lors de la décennie suivante (1562-1565). Cette seconde colonie menaçait les intérêts espagnols, d’où son anéantissement en quelques semaines. Pour se faire reconnaître des Indiens, Dominique de Gourgues, en 1568, fait chanter à ses troupes trois Psaumes, avant de passer à la vengeance. Le désastre de 1565 marque un seuil et un nouveau départ. Dès lors, l’Amérique tout entière sera divisée entre catholicisme au sud et protestantisme au nord, la Nouvelle-France canadienne exceptée.
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CROITORU, Ion Marian. "DEACON CORESI (C. 1510 - C. 1583) AND HIS ACTIVITY AS A PRINTER IN THE CONTEXT OF THE 16TH CENTURY PROTESTANT PROPAGANDA." Icoana Credintei 7, no. 14 (June 6, 2021): 37–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26520/icoana.2021.14.7.37-75.
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The biographical data about the life of deacon Coresi (Coressius) are extremely few and it has been admitted, after many debates, studies and analyses, that he was from Târgoviște, it is supposed that he joined a school in Slavonic at Dealu Monastery, and that he was the owner of a printing press, yet standing out as a skillful printing master. It is also known that he had a son, called Șerban, whom he taught the art of the printing press. The name of deacon Coresi is mentioned in the books he had printed in Brașov (during two periods: 1556-1557; 1560-1583, at irregular intervals), Târgoviște (1557-1558), Alba Iulia (1567-1568) and SasSebeș (1580), during five great periods (1556-1558, 1559-1565, 1566-1570, 1571-1577, 1578-1583), in Romanian and Slavonic. Thus, by his activity, deacon Coresi contributed to the introduction of the Romanian language in the cult of the Orthodox Church of the Romanian Countries, but also in the use of the princely administrative offices of the extra-Carpathian Romanian Countries.
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Walinski-Kiehl, Robert. "Pamphlets, Propaganda and Witch- Hunting in Germanyc.156o-c.1630." Reformation 6, no. 1 (January 2002): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ref_2002_6_1_004.
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Crowe, Fletcher, and Anita Spring. "The Location of Fort Caroline in Ancient Maps." Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences 7, no. 2 (August 15, 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jhaas.2022.07.00255.
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Fort Caroline was the French fort built on the southeast coast of North America in June 1564, under the command of René Goulaine de Laudonnière. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés attacked the fort on September 20, 1565 killing 134 men and scattering the rest, while the women and children of the Ribault expedition were captured and sent to Havana.1,2 The Fort was used again in 1566 by the Spanish under Stephan de las Alas, but was overrun on April 25, 1568 by French corsairs commanded by Dominique de Gourgues, after which it was partly burned and never found. Conventional understanding in Florida states that Fort Caroline was located on the south side of the St. Johns River, about six miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Jacksonville at the St. Johns Bluff near where the Fort Caroline National Memorial is located today. However, repeated archaeological investigations have failed to locate the remains of Fort Caroline along the St. Johns River. The present study was begun to determine if ancient maps of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth century could provide clues as to where the fort was located. This article uses information from the Bibliotèque nationale francaise (BNF), the Vatican Library in Rome, the Newberry Library in Chicago, and the records of French corsair Dominique de Gourgues, to reconsider the fort’s location. This paper examines nine French maps (1563-1780); two Spanish maps (1566 and 1585); two English maps (1587 and 1684); and two German/French maps (1591 and 1763). These maps, in fact, might have been studied and subjected to scholarly analysis but it appears that they were not used by other researchers to locate Fort Caroline because they assumed that the Fort was on the St. Johns River. Significantly, not any of the fifteen early maps examined in this study depicts Fort Caroline on the St. Johns River.
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Casado Alonso, Hilario. "Insuring life, insuring debt: Life insurance in sixteenth-century Spain." Pedralbes 40 (April 13, 2021): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/pedralbes.40.3.
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Com a tècnica suposadament nascuda al segle XVIII, la pràctica d’assegurar la vida és un tema que encara roman per investigar. En aquest article es demostra que la contractació d’assegurances de vida era ja habitual a Espanya dos segles abans. En aquest sentit, s’estudia la legislació existent, especialment les Ordenances de Contractació d’Assegurances del Consolat de Castella a Bruges del 1568, però sobretot les nombroses pòlisses conservades, i s’estudien les de l’espanyol Juan Henríquez, el corredor d’assegurances d’Anvers més important als anys 1562 i 1563, com també i, fonamentalment, les 174 pòlisses conservades en l’arxiu del Consolat de Burgos dels anys 1566-1605. La majoria van ser contractades per persones que prestaven ducats, però que exigien, com a garantia de pagament, la signatura d’una assegurança de vida per part de qui rebia els diners. De fet, un sistema que segueix predominant en la pràctica bancària actual.
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FENLON, DERMOT. "Pietro Carnesecchi and Cardinal Pole: New Perspectives." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 56, no. 3 (July 2005): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046905004367.
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I processi inquisitoriali di Pietro Carnesecchi (1557–1567). Edizione critica, I: Il processo sotto Paolo IV e Pio IV (1557–1561); II: Il processo sotto Pio V (1566–1567), I: Guigno 1566–ottobre 1566; II: Novembre 1566–gennaio 1567; III: Gennaio 1567–agosto 1567. Edited by Massimo Firpo and Dario Marcatto. (Collectanea Archivi Vaticani, 43.). Pp. cxix+577; Pp. clxxix+370; 371–956; 957–1453. Vatican City: Archivio Segreto Vaticano, 1998, 2000. 88 85042 30 9; 88 85042 34 1The correspondence of Reginald Pole, II: A calendar, 1547–1554. A power in Rome. By Thomas F. Mayer. (St Andrews Studies in Reformation History.) Pp. xvi+410. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003. £50. 0 7546 0327 XThe judicial investigation of Pietro Carnesecchi by the Roman inquisition in the years 1546–67 constitutes a major chapter in the history of the Italian peninsula and of the Church of Rome. Thanks to the indefatigable energy of Dario Marcatto, the publication of the documents from the archives of the Roman inquisition now places all the available sources at the disposal of the scholarly world. Massimo Firpo's critical introductions to these two volumes builds securely on his previously published essays, which included an account of Carnesecchi based on the edition of 1870. What he now writes confirms and extends his earlier findings.
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Związek, Tomasz, Mariusz Leńczuk, and Urszula Zachara-Związek. "Lustracja królewskich puszcz, lasów i borów na Mazowszu z 1566 roku." Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej 71, no. 2 (July 25, 2023): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/khkm71.2023.2.004.
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Publikowana lustracja lasów królewskich została przeprowadzona w latach 1564/1565–1566. Tekst jest zaktualizowanym wyciągiem z wcześniejszych rewizji. Opisanie lasów i puszcz mazowieckich pozwala poznać nie tylko stopień wyeksploatowania poszczególnych ekosystemów leśnych, ale umożliwia także zrozumienie złożonej sieci powiązań gospodarczych, społecznych i politycznych, jakie funkcjonowały w skupiskach leśnych w przeszłości.
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BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK, J. N. "De Nederlandse Geloofsbelijdenis 1562, 1563, 1566." Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 65, no. 1-2 (1985): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002820385x00020.
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Góralski, Wojciech. "Kongregacje dekanalne w ustawodawstwie kard. Karola Boromeusza." Prawo Kanoniczne 34, no. 3-4 (December 10, 1991): 165–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1991.34.3-4.09.
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Conformemente ai decreti del Concilio di Trento, il card. Carlo Borromeo, arcivescovo — metropolita di Milano (1564-1584), animò nella sua diocesi e nella provincia ecclesiastica lombarda le strutture decanali, tra l’altro attraverso le congregazioni del clero dei vicariati foranei. Sebbene le assamblee degli ecclesiastici dei distretti decanali fossero conosciute dal IX s., S. Carlo ne istitui un tipo originale, diffuso quindi in diversi paesi d’Europa. Nello suo studio l’autore presenta la legislazione del card. Borromeo riguardo alle congregazioni decanali, racchiusa nei suoi seguenti atti legislativi: i decreti del primo sinodo provinciale (1565), i decreti del secondo sinodo diocesano (1568), i decreti del secondo sinodo provinciale (1569), i decreti del quarto sinodo diocesano (1574), l’istruzione edita dopo il quarto sinodo provinciale (1576), I’istruzione del 1582. Le norme le più importanti e le più particolari l’arcivescovo — metropolita assunse nella suddetta istruzione del 1576. Proprio essa, essendo una sintesi della legislazione precente „borromaica”, attacca un’attenzione particolare. La ricca legislazione di S. Carlo sulle congregazioni foranee mostra che il suo fine, almeno quello preminente, fu sempre la sollecitudine del Legislatore milanese del suo clero.
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Alhiyari, Ibrahim. "Thomas Watson’s Lodging from May 1561 to September 1562." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 5 (2022): 062–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.75.10.
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At barely six in mid-1561, Watson had the misfortune of having his parents die successively and was hence moved from the London house he grew up in at Mark Lane, Saint Olave, to another dwelling temporarily before he joined Winchester College. He lived from mid-1561 to September 1562, for nearly sixteen months, at this temporary dwelling either in London or in his Uncle Lee’s estate in Oxford, till he joined Winchester College and stayed there until his graduation for the next seven years in mid-1569. He is recorded in the Winchester College as having been enrolled there wherein his dwelling is noted as Saint Helen’s parish, London.
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Anderson, David L., and William C. Cunningham. "Revalidation and Long-Term Stability of National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Materials 1566, 1567, 1568, and 1570." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.5.1121.
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Abstract Multiple units of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) 1566 Oyster Tissue, 1567 Wheat Flour, 1568 Rice Flour, and 1570 Trace Elements in Spinach, produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, then the National Bureau of Standards), were analyzed 17–20 years after the original certification dates and 12–15 years after the certificates became invalid. Instrumental neutron activation analysis and thermal neutron prompt (γ-ray activation analysis were used to measure mass fractions for 27 elements in these SRMs to revalidate them for use in quality assurance (QA) programs required for food analysis programs within the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. With the exception of Se in SRM 1567, all element mass fractions were in agreement with certified values and literature data. Some evidence of B loss from SRM 1568 was observed. These materials were judged to be suitable for continued use in QA programs. Findings showed that these matrixes exhibited stability of moisture, mass fraction, and weight basis for far longer (≥15 years) than was indicated by the 5-year validity statement on the NIST Certificates of Analysis.
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Casado Alonso, Hilario. "Seguros marítimos y comercio de esclavos en la época de Felipe II." Anuario de Estudios Americanos 79, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 515–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/aeamer.2022.2.05.
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El artículo estudia el comercio de esclavos en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI a partir de una fuente documental poco empleada: las pólizas de seguros marítimos. Se estudian, por una parte, las contratadas por el mayor asegurador de Amberes, Juan Henríquez, de los años 1562-1563 y, sobre todo, las 73 pólizas conservadas en el archivo del Consulado de Burgos de los años 1565-1573. A través de su análisis se demuestra la gran actividad que hubo en el comercio de esclavos procedentes de África con destino a la América española y portuguesa.
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Usachev, Andrei. "Why did Kazan diocese have no archbishop in 1574–1575? (some notes on the history of Church governance in Russia in the 16th century)." St. Tikhons' University Review 108 (October 31, 2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022108.11-21.
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The article deals with the reasons of the absence of the Kazan archbishop, the head of one of the most huge dioceses in the Russian Church in the 16th century, which took the third place in the church hierarchy. It was turned out that probably because of the state of health in February of 1574 archbishop Lavrentii (1568–1574) left it. Earlier he was the abbot of the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef. Gurii (Rugotin) (1555–1563), German (Sadyrev-Polev) (1564–1567), the Kazan archbishops were also from the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef. It was impossible to appoint the abbot of the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef Tikhon (Khvorostinin) (1573–1575) or another one from this monastery to this position in 1574 because of the harmful consequences of the epidemics of 1560-1570s. The Volotskii Monastery and such large monasteries like Trinity-St. Sergius Monastery, the Simonov Monastery etc. lost the significant number of experienced monks prepared for the governing of monasteries and dioceses. Because of the domination of the meritocratical principles in the selection of candidates there were no chances to do something with the lack of prepared monks in a relatively short time. That’s why the authorities in the last third of the 16th century appointed the representatives of less famous monasteries such as the Mahrishchskii Monastery, the Starickii Monastery of Assumption, the Gerasimov Boldin Monastery. In the February of 1575 the representative of the Ipat'ev Monastery in Kostroma, the archbishop of the Novospasskii Monastery Vassian was appointed the head of the Kazan diocese. However he dead in May of 1575. In July of 1575 the abbot of the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef Tikhon (Khvorostinin) was appointed the head of the Kazan diocese. It was possible because of the personal interference o Ivan IV. He arrived at the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef and in fact appointed Evfimii (Turkov) (who had denied to become the abbot in 1573) the successor of Tikhon. The research rests on the materials of acts, records of income and expenses, records of donations of the Volotskii Monastery of St. Josef and another monasteries.
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Muñoz Domínguez, José. "Via non difficilis. Los viales de acceso en las villas renacentistas con desarrollo axial." Cuaderno de Notas, no. 16 (July 1, 2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/cn.2015.3122.
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Desde la propuesta teórica de Alberti en De re aedificatoria (ca. 1450-1485), el camino de acceso a la villa constituye uno de sus componentes definidores por excelencia, integrado muy tempranamente como parte de su composición general. En relación con este elemento de ordenación, se estudia un conjunto de villas que presentan desarrollo axial –principalmente dentro del tipo aterrazado– con viales de acceso de notable longitud, todas dentro del período renacentista, desde el ejemplo más antiguo de Quaracchi (ca. 1453) o Castello (ca. 1538-1550), entre otros de Toscana, entorno de Roma o el Véneto, hasta casos españoles como La Fresneda (ca. 1562-1569) o El Bosque de Béjar (ca. 1567).
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Fernández Terricabras, Ignasi. "¿Culminando la hegemonía de la Observancia? La reforma de las órdenes franciscanas por Felipe II (1566-1571)." Archivo Ibero-Americano 79, no. 288-289 (2019): 401–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.48030/aia.v79i288-289.147.
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Entre 1566 y 1568, Felipe II obtiene del papa Pío V amplísimas prerrogativas para la reforma de los franciscanos en las Coronas de Castilla y Aragón. Sus planes consisten en extinguir los franciscanos y clarisas conventuales, los franciscanos descalzos de la provincia de San José y los terciarios y terciarias regulares de San Francisco y anexionar sus conventos a la observancia. Sin embargo, a partir de julio de 1568, Pío V reconsidera su postura y revoca los breves anteriores. Para los franciscanos conventuales, ya es demasiado tarde. La Tercera Orden Regular de San Francisco tiene que negociar con los ministros del rey qué conventos y en qué condiciones le serán devueltos. Y la provincia de San José consigue que no comience la operación para suprimirla. En cualquier caso, las reformas bajo la dirección del rey en la década de 1560 parecen completar el proceso de hegemonía de la observancia en el franciscanismo español del que la bula Ite vos (1517) es un hito fundamental.
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CURTIS, BYRON G. "Calvin: Interpreter of the Prophets." Unio Cum Christo 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35285/ucc3.2.2017.art2.
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Abstract: This article explores the hermeneutical principles behind John Calvin’s commentaries and lectures on Isaiah (1550/1559), Hosea (1557), the Minor Prophets (1559), Daniel (1561), Jeremiah (1563), and Ezekiel 1–20 (posthumous, 1565). Calvin is not the founder of historical-grammatical exegesis, the precursor of the historical-critical method, or a literalist. He crystallizes earlier medieval practices with his expanded sensus literalis. His use of history, grammar, allegory, anagogy, and analogy receive attention, as do the sources of Calvin’s historical and chronological errors. Calvin takes ancient Israel’s return from exile, Christ’s death and resurrection, and the church’s present condition as embraced within the literal sense of the prophetic word. This inclusiveness allures us as Calvin’s pastoral passion comes out and the prophetic word addresses us.
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Valkema Blouw, Paul. "A Cologne printer working for William of Orange: Godfried Hirtzhorn jun., 1568-72." Quaerendo 25, no. 1 (1995): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006995x00116.
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AbstractThe report of Alva's arrival as Philip II's captain-general and the announcement that all those would be prosecuted who had had any connection with the troubles of 1566 led to a massive emigration from the Netherlands. The leader of the Dutch Revolt, William of Orange, withdrew to Germany in order to lead the rebellion from Dillenburg. In order to do this he chose a highly modern medium: the printing press, which was to play a decisive role in arousing the population to armed resistance against Spanish rule. As his collaborator in the propaganda campaign the Prince selected another fugitive, the town pensionary of Antwerp Jacob van Wesenbeke. The latter soon proved immensely active: in 1568 and 1569, on the orders and at the
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Crawley, Scott W., and Graham P. Côté. "Identification of dimer interactions required for the catalytic activity of the TRPM7 alpha-kinase domain." Biochemical Journal 420, no. 1 (April 28, 2009): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20081405.
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TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastatin) combines an ion channel domain with a C-terminal protein kinase domain that belongs to the atypical alpha-kinase family. The TRPM7 alpha-kinase domain assembles into a dimer through the exchange of an N-terminal segment that extends from residue 1551 to residue 1577 [Yamaguchi, Matsushita, Nairn and Kuriyan (2001) Mol. Cell 7, 1047–1057]. Here, we show, by analysis of truncation mutants, that residues 1553–1562 of the N-terminus are essential for kinase activity but not dimer formation. Within this ‘activation sequence’, site-directed mutagenesis identified Tyr-1553 and Arg-1558 as residues critical for activity. Examination of the TRPM7 kinase domain structure suggests that the activation sequence interacts with the other subunit to help position a catalytic loop that contains the invariant Asp-1765 residue. Residues 1563–1570 of the N-terminal segment are critical for dimer assembly. Mutation of Leu-1564, Ile-1568 or Phe-1570 to alanine abolished both kinase activity and dimer formation. The activity of a monomeric TRPM7 kinase domain lacking the entire N-terminal segment was rescued by a GST (glutathione transferase) fusion protein containing residues 1548–1576 of TRPM7, showing that all interactions essential for activity are provided by the N-terminal segment. Activity was also restored by GST fused to the N-terminal segment of TRPM6 (residues 1711–1740), demonstrating the feasibility of forming functional TRPM6–TRPM7 alpha-kinase domain heterodimers. It is proposed that covalent modifications or binding interactions that alter the conformation of the N-terminal exchanged segment may provide a means to regulate TRPM7 kinase activity.
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Flores Osorto, Josué Omar. "Arte, culto y devoción: la imagen de San José en la cultura hondureña." ÍSTMICA. Revista de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, no. 21 (October 16, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/istmica.22.6.
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La presente investigación pretende hacer un análisis histórico sobre la figura de San José y sus diferentes manifestaciones en la cultura y sociedad hondureña, como consecuencia de su culto, creación artística y devoción popular. Este culto tiene su origen en la época colonial, específicamente en el s. XVI, con los Concilios de Trento (1545 – 1563), Nueva España (1555, 1565, 1585) y Lima, Perú (1556 y 1561), los cuales contribuyeron a expandir el evangelio desde la iconografía hasta la fundación de poblados que adoptaron esta imagen como Santo Patrón. También, se analiza esta imagen en el imaginario hondureño durante la secularización del Estado, su adopción y creación como un ideal de paternidad que simboliza protección, sustento y responsabilidad en la construcción de la organización familiar, finalizando con la vinculación de San José como patrono de la clase obrera en el siglo XX.
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Tolić, Željko. "Il Concilio di Trento (1545 - 1563)." Služba Božja 61, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 357–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34075/sb.61.3.1.
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Secondo la numerazione cattolica è il XIX concilio ecumenico. Richiesto da decenni da più parti, e con sempre maggiore urgenza, il concilio non poté svolgersi per molto tempo. Infine, dopo tre inutili convocazioni, Paolo III con la bolla Laetare Jerusalem (1544) indisse l'assemblea per il 15 marzo 1545 a Trento, indicando compiti principali. Il concilio però si aprì solo 13 dicembre 1545 in presenza 31 vescovi, in maggioranza italiani. Durante il primo periodo, che comprese le sessioni I-X, quando fu deciso di trattare parallelamente le questioni dogmatiche e quelle della riforma ecclesiastica, furono approvati importanti definizioni e decreti, tra gli altri quelli sulla Santa Scrittura, il peccato originale, la giustificazione e altre cose. Nell'VIII sessione (11 marzo 1547) i partecipanti decisero di trasferire il concilio a Bologna. Dopo la morte di Paolo III fu eletto papa con nome di Giulio III il cardinale Del Monte, fino allora presidente del concilio. Sotto il suo pontificato ebbe luogo il secondo periodo del concilio (dal 1551 al 1552), che comprendeva le sessioni XI-XVI. In questo periodo al concilio vennero i delegati protestanti della Germania, ma si tornarono presto in patria, senza essere riusciti a imporre le loro richieste. Circostanze politiche condussero alla sospensione del concilio (1552). Ma ne novembre 1560 il nuovo papa, Pio IV, ordinò il proseguimento dei lavori conciliari: è il terzo periodo del concilio di Trento, dal 1562 al 1563, che comprese le sessioni XVII-XXV. I principi protestanti radunati a Naumburg decisero di non accogliere l'invito. Nelle sessioni si approvarono decreti sull'obbligo della residenza dei vescovi, il carattere sacrificale della santa messa, la consacrazione sacerdotale, il matrimonio, il purgatorio, la venerazione dei santi e delle reliquie, l'indulgenza, i seminari. Con la bolla Benedictus Deus et Pater (il 26 gennaio 1564) Pio IV confermava l'opera del concilio.
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Belov, Nikita V. "Fragments of a Chronicle Written at the Metropolitan’s Court on the Eve of the Oprichnina." Texts and History: Journal of Philological, Historical and Cultural Texts and History Studies 1 (2021): 62–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/2712-7591-2021-1-62-88.
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The article presents a study of five entries for the year 7070/71 (1562), placed in the continuation of the ”Abbreviated Russian Chronicle”, which is found in a manuscript miscellany of historical and ecclesiastical texts from the late 16th — early 17th century. Although A. N. Nasonov and A. A. Zimin brought this chronicle to the attention of scholars in the middle of the 20th century, the text remains poorly studied and unpublished. The entries are devoted to major events that occurred in 1562: the beginning of the MuscoviteLithuanian War, the departure of Ivan IV to Mozhaisk, the death of Bishop Guriy of Ryazan, the arrest of the Vorotynsky princes, the visit of Archbishop Pimen of Novgorod to Moscow, and the fire in Pskov. Of the greatest value is the Chronicle’s information about the previously unknown ”Serpukhov treason case” that took place in the summer and fall of 1562, which led to the arrest and exile of Princes Mikhail Ivanovich and Aleksandr Ivanovich Vorotynsky, the dismissal of several other military commanders (voevody) from governmental service, and the aggravation of relations between Tsar Ivan and Prince Vladimir Andreyevich Staritsky. Most likely, this selection of chronicle entries was produced by someone in Metropolitan Makarii’s entourage between the years 1563 and 1565. The selection reflected the range of problems and essential issues that Makarii faced in his later years. The article is accompanied by the publication of the Chronicle
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КАФАР-ЗАДA, Ламія. "КОЛИ ЗАХІД ЗУСТРІЧАЄ СХІД: ПОДОРОЖ СЕРА ЕНТОНІ ДЖЕНКІНСОНА ДО СЕФЕВІДСЬКОЇ ІМПЕРІЇ." Східноєвропейський історичний вісник, no. 31 (June 28, 2024): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2519-058x.31.306343.
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Мета статті – представити результати дослідження ролі сера Ентоні Дженкінсона у ознайомленні британців із культурою Сефевідів як з частиною східного / мусульманського світу. Методика дослідження заснована на застосуванні принципів історизму, об’єктивності та всебічності. У дослідженні використовувалися загальнонаукові методи, такі як аналіз, синтез, порівняння та узагальнення. Наукова новизна статті полягає у тому, що, незважаючи на значний обсяг робіт із сефевідсько-англійських відносин, пропонована розвідка є першою спробою всебічного вивчення ролі Ентоні Дженкінсона в ознайомленні англійців із сефевідською культурою. Висновок. “Опис…” подорожі до Сефевідської імперії відомого англійського мандрівника, торговця та дипломата сера Ентоні Дженкінсона у 1561 – 1563 роках, який вважався одним з “великих піонерів елізаветинських подорожей”, є цінним джерелом не тільки про історію та культуру імперії Сефевідів, а також про сефевідсько-англійські відносини. “Опис” Дженкінсона– перша спроба англійців описати дипломатичну та військову історію, соціально-економічне, культурне, теологічне життя, а також спосіб життя і навіть місцеву міфологію Сефевідів. Вивчення докладного опису Дженкінсона доводить, що взаємодія Англії з імперією Сефевідів була не англійською колонізацією, як помилково уявляли більшість західних та радянських істориків, а навпаки – відкриттям англійцями нового, раніше незнаного східно-ісламського світу, тобто Сефевідської імперії. Як перша східна, мусульманська країна, з якою єлизаветинська Англія прагнула стати союзником, “Опис” Дженкінсона про імперію Сефевідів є однією з перших згадок як в англійських, так і в сучасних європейських джерелах про релігійні відмінності між сунітами і шиїтами. Унікальна карта Дженкінсона 1562 р., складена у результаті його подорожей, є найстарішим та першим візуальним зображенням імперії Сефевідів у англійських джерелах, що містять етнографічну інформацію. Подорож Дженкінсона до Сефевідської імперії у 1561 – 1563 рр. відкрила новий розділ в історії як англо-ісламських, так і Східно-Західних відносин, а також культурного обміну на основі діалогу ісламу та християнства, виявивши тим самим неадекватність таких європоцентристських концепцій, як перевага Європи над Сходом “культурно поляризованого” континенту та розвіяла міф про монолітну культуру.
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Valkema Blouw, Paul. "A Haarlem press in Sedan and Emden (1561-9) Part two: Sedan and Emden." Quaerendo 19, no. 4 (1989): 253–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006989x00014.
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AbstractIn 1561, after a deadlock of many years, a new printing-office was set up in Holland by Jan van Zuren and three others, including the author Dirck Coornhert. After one year of publishing the press concluded most of its activities, and-according to documentary information recently found- the company was dissolved. Jan van Zuren became the sole owner of the firm, which over the next three years only issued a few books on commission. The production then ended completely. What became of the typographical material of the printing-shop has always been a mystery. As a result of bibliographical analysis it has now become clear that all the typefaces, initials and ornaments (including the devices)-in fact the whole inventory-were removed to the French town of Sedan. With the permission of the Duke of Bouillon a press was founded, which issued a number of exclusively Protestant works, most of them in Dutch, together with a few political publications in French emanating from the Calvinist leaders of the Resistance to Spanish rule. In 1565 the first factor to run the printing-shop, Goossen Goebens, made his name known in the imprint of a panegyric on the foundation of the press. The following year his place was taken by Lenaert der Kinderen, who broke his contract with Plantin for this new post. In 1567 the press appears to have been active in another town, again in another country. At some time during this year the printing-shop was moved to Emden in East Frisia, where, in 1569, the typographical material is to be found in a book published by the emigrant Jean Malet. Meanwhile six publications, including five Protestant books, were issued without any imprint. Circumstantial evidence justifies the conclusion that one or both of Dirck Coornhert's brothers then were running the printing-office, which they probably already owned in the Sedan period.
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Tuttle, Richard J. "Vignola's Facciata dei Banchi in Bologna." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 52, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990758.
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As a masterpiece of urban renovation by a major Renaissance architect, the Facciata dei Banchi enjoys wide critical acclaim. The scholarly literature on it, however, is bedeviled by historical uncertainties as well as by cursory accounts of the physical and formal evidence. The object of this essay is threefold: to present some new and firm documentation about the patronage, dating, and authorship of the work; to assess Vignola's achievement in its design; and to offer a critical reading of the project within the ideology of style. Accordingly, the façade is shown to have been erected between 1565 and 1568 under the initial supervision of Carlo da Limito, who followed a master plan produced by Vignola in 1564 for papal governor Pier Donato Cesi. The design incorporates features of preexisting and neighboring buildings, applies triumphal and theatrical imagery to the Piazza Maggiore, and is faithful to Vignola's precepts about the orders. As an example of urban renovation promoted by papal authorities, the Facciata dei Banchi reflects the Vatican's commitment to using Roman classicism to promote political ends in the ecclesiastical state.
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Khana, Rumana, Balu Ram Ranwah, Vijay Sharma, and Subodh Khandagale. "Combining ability analysis for grain and fodder traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49529.
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Over the environment, on the basis of days to flowering and suitability for dual purpose analysis was carried out of 100 genotypes including 75 F1s with 20 parents and 5 checks. Data were collected for grain yield, dry fodder yield, protein content in grain, protein content in fodder, TSS and juiciness. Variations between lines, testers and line × tester was significant for all characters. As both grain and dry fodder yield are important dual-purpose attributes, lines ICSA 202, ICSA 349 and ICSA 357 and ICSA 481 were found to be good general combiners for both grain and dry fodder yield. Two crosses viz., ICSA 29002 × SU 1565 and ICSA 356 × SU 1570 exhibited significant SCA effects in all the four environments whereas hybrids ICSA 552 × SU 1561, ICSA 202 × SU 1570,, ICSA 349 × SU 1561, ICSA 208 × SU 1561, ICSA 474 × SU 1561 and ICSA 357 × SU 1565 showed good SCA effects in normal spacing (E1 and E3) and ICSA 481 × SU 1561 and ICSA 399 × SU 1557 in wider spacing (E2 and E4) for both grain and dry fodder yield. These lines and crosses also expressed positive significant GCA and SCA effects for majority of the remaining fodder quality traits.
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Khanna, N., C. Esmieu, L. S. Mészáros, P. Lindblad, and G. Berggren. "Correction: In vivo activation of an [FeFe] hydrogenase using synthetic cofactors." Energy & Environmental Science 11, no. 11 (2018): 3321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee90054j.
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Rodrigues, Isilda, and Carlos Fiolhais. "Amato Lusitano na cultura científica do seu tempo." Revista Brasileira de História da Ciência 8, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53727/rbhc.v8i1.177.
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Apresentamos o médico judeu português Amato Lusitano (1511-1568) no quadro da cultura científica do seu tempo, referindo em particular a relação da sua obra com a do médico belga André Vesálio (1514- 1564), considerado o fundador da medicina moderna. Apontamos também as citações que outro médico judeu português da mesma época, Garcia da Orta (1500-1568), fez a Amato e a Vesálio.
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Usachev, Andrei S. "Theodosius of Vyatka – the Confessor of Ivan the Terrible: Portrait against the Backdrop of the Era." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-1-11-23.
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On the base of the different historical sources (chronicles, acts and household books of the Russian monasteries) the author examines the biography of the confessor of Ivan IV Theodosius of Vyatka. In the works of predecessors (A.A. Zimin, R.G. Skrynnikov, B.N. Florya) only some facts of his biography were mentioned. The study shows that Theodosius had no connections with influential groups in the Russian Church of the period. The historical sources have nothing to say on his close contacts with the Joseph Volokolamsk Monastery, the Kirillo-Belozerskii Monastery, Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (until he became the abbot of the last one). Before his acquaintance with the tsar, Theodosius worked his way from monk to elder monk to abbot. In the second half of 1566 – first half of 1567 he became the head of a significant Moscow monastery — the Andronikov Monastery of the Saviour. No later than in autumn 1567, Theodosius became acquainted with the tsar. During the tsar’s conflict with metropolitan Phillip (Kolychev), Theodosius was included in the commission that investigated Phillip’s activities at the Solovetsky Monastery (along with prince V.I. Temkin-Rostovsky and bishop of Suzdal Paphnutius). The materials gathered by the commission were used at the Church Council in the autumn of 1568. As a result, Phillip was condemned and displaced. Soon afterwards, Theodosius became archimandrite of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius (about 1569/70-1572). Quite close relationship was established between him and the tsar. Because of that Theodosius – a representative of the black clergy – became the confessor of Ivan IV in about 1572. (At the time it was the lot of the white clergy representatives, usually protopopes of the Kremlin Annunciation Cathedral.) Wishing to see Theodosius as his confessor, the tsar had broken from this tradition and reestablished the practice of an earlier time (the confessors of Vasily II and Ivan III were the abbots of the monasteries of Moscow and the Moscow region). Being the closest person to the tsar, Theodosius knew the desires of his penitent and followed the eye of the tsar. When at the turn of the 1570s the tsar showed an interest in Vologda, fitting out a reserve residence there, Theodosius made donations for requiems for the soul of Josef, the bishop of Vologda, and to the Spaso-Kamenny and the Spaso-Prilutsky Monasteries. Till tsar’s death, Theodosius remained very close to Ivan IV. The tsar didn’t want to be parted from him. Thereby Theodosius headed no diocese in that period, as it meant leaving the capital. After the death of Ivan IV, he was consecrated as bishop of Ryazan, probably, in October of 1585.
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Kroese, Wouter. "Theological Dependencies of the Palatinate Church Order (1563)." Church History and Religious Culture 102, no. 3-4 (December 15, 2022): 462–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-bja10048.
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Abstract The Reformed Dutch baptismal form in the Dathenus Psalter (1566) is a translated adaption of the form in the Palatinate Church Order (1563). In the Palatinate Church Order (1563), this baptismal form is accompanied by a text “On holy baptism.” The present article researches the sources of the baptismal texts in the Palatinate Church Order (1563), with a special focus on the phrase “children having the Holy Spirit.” It builds upon the critical edition of J.F. Gerhard Goeters (1969), and uses an extra type of sources: the so-called Lasconian catechisms.
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Buchwald-Pelcowa, Paulina. "„Z dozwoleniem” drukowane." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 10 (December 10, 2019): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2016.110.
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W artykule wskazano na pojawienie się w niektórych drukach szesnastowiecznych (i późniejsze długie i powszechniejsze stosowanie) stereotypowej formuły potwierdzającej, że ukazały się one z pozwoleniem odpowiednich władz, określanych, jako „starsi” bądź „przełożeni”. Wiązało się to z cenzurą prewencyjną, a zwłaszcza oddziaływaniem postanowień Soboru Trydenckiego dotyczących książek. 8 IV 1546 r. na sesji czwartej pierwszej fazy Soboru Trydenckiego nawiązując do postanowień wcześniejszego Soboru Laterańskiego (4 V 1515) określono zasady obowiązujące drukarzy. Nakazano umieszczanie autora i nazwy drukarni na karcie tytułowej. Pod karą anatemy i grzywny zabroniono druku i sprzedaży książek bez badania i zatwierdzenia przez biskupa, a w przypadku dzieł autorstwa zakonników, dodatkowo przez ich przełożonych. W drukach świadczących o zbadaniu dzieła i wskazujących, że nie zawierają one nic przeciwnego wierze, czasem także dobrym obyczajem pojawiły się też w Polsce skrócone formuły Cum licentia Superiorum, Facultate Superiorum, Superiorum Permissu czy „Z dozwoleniem” bądź „Pozwoleniem starszych”. Proces nawet formalnego przyjęcia ustaw soboru zakończonego w grudniu 1563 r. przebiegał powoli. Księgę ich ustaw przyjął król z rąk nuncjusza 7 VIII 1564 r. W latach 1564-1568 wdrożono postanowienia trydenckie w trzech diecezjach. Formuła Cum Facultate Superiorum pojawiła się w 1576 r. na książce (pierwszej!) autorstwa Piotra Skargi, a zarazem pierwszej z nowo uruchomionej drukarni w Wilnie. Wcześniej podobne słowa znalazły się na zagranicznych edycjach Polaków (np. w 1574 r. Stanisława Reszki). Liczne zastosowanie tej formuły stopniowo wzrastało, zwłaszcza na drukach jezuitów, choć brak jej na wielu ich książkach, w tym na większości dzieł Skargi. Są one natomiast na wielokrotnie wznawianych Żywotach i Kazaniach Piotra Skargi.
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Шишкин, В. В. "СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ИТИНЕРАРИИ КАРЛА IX ВАЛУА И ЕКАТЕРИНЫ МЕДИЧИ В 1561–1574 гг., "Средние века"." Средние века, no. 2 (2022): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s0131878022020064.
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Статья исследует итинерарии французского короля Карла IX Валуа и его матери Екатерины Медичи и связанные с ними военно-политические события и обстоятельства в 1561–1574 гг. Речь идет главным образом о первом этапе Религиозных войн во Франции, когда между католиками и гугенотами шла борьба за персону короля. На основе сравнительного изучения автографов Карла IX из российских архивных и библиотечных собраний автор демонстрирует, что сложившаяся точка зрения о полном совпадении итинерариев короля и королевы-матери, нуждается в уточнениях. Начиная с 1563 г., времени совершеннолетия, Карл IX начал проявлять личную и политическую самостоятельность в принятии решений, о чем в том числе свидетельствуют его самостоятельные поездки, зачастую отличные от маршрутов перемещений Екатерины и ее двора. Отмечается, что тематика и адресаты переписки короля перестали совпадать с таковыми в переписке матери, а политические намерения зачастую шли вразрез с мнением Екатерины Медичи и ее окружения, особенно после 1566 г. – времени завершения «Большого путешествия» двора по Франции. Вместе с тем анализ девяти больших итинерариев короля показывает, что семь из них были организованы и спланированы его матерью, и это, несомненно, подчеркивает ключевую роль, которую играла Екатерина Медичи в рассматриваемое время, оставаясь главным актором французской политики.
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te Velde, Dolf. "Eloquent Silence: The Doctrine of God in the Synopsis of Purer Theology." Church History and Religious Culture 92, no. 4 (2012): 581–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09220075.
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This article sketches the theological profile of the Synopsis Purioris Theologiae (1625) by focusing on its exposition of the doctrine of God. Earlier disputations by Leiden theologians Franciscus Junius (1545–1602) and Franciscus Gomarus (1563–1641) are discussed as a background for the theology of Antonius Thysius (1565–1640), the author of the disputation in the Synopsis on God’s nature and attributes. For a further specification of the doctrinal position presented in the Synopsis, it is contrasted with the more innovative accounts proposed by Jacob Arminius (1559–1609) in his disputation “De natura Dei” (1603) and by Conrad Vorstius (1569–1622) in his Tractatus theologicus de Deo (1606). This analysis yields the conclusion that both Arminius and Vorstius advocated a structural differentiation between God’s inner essence and his outward operations, which leaves room for human freedom and independence. While the Synopsis does not explicitly discuss their views, in its own formulations itmaintains the common Reformed orthodox notion of divine simplicity, and keeps the balance between—on the one hand—the (hypothetical) necessity of God’s foreknowledge and decree, and—on the other hand—the contingency and freedom in the created world.
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Beck, Robin A., David G. Moore, Christopher B. Rodning, Timothy J. Horsley, and Sarah C. Sherwood. "A ROAD TO ZACATECAS: FORT SAN JUAN AND THE DEFENSES OF SPANISH LA FLORIDA." American Antiquity 83, no. 4 (October 2018): 577–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2018.49.
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From 1565 to 1570, Spain established no fewer than three networks of presidios (fortified military settlements) across portions of its frontier territories in La Florida and New Spain. Juan Pardo's network of six forts, extending from the Atlantic coast over the Appalachian Mountains, was the least successful of these presidio systems, lasting only from late 1566 to early 1568. The failure of Pardo's defensive network has long been attributed to poor planning and an insufficient investment of resources. Yet recent archaeological discoveries at the Berry site in western North Carolina—the location of both the Native American town of Joara and Pardo's first garrison, Fort San Juan—warrants a reappraisal of this interpretation. While previous archaeological research at Berry concentrated on the domestic compound where Pardo's soldiers resided, the location of the fort itself remained unknown. In 2013, the remains of Fort San Juan were finally identified south of the compound, the first of Pardo's interior forts to be discovered by archaeologists. Data from excavations and geophysical surveys suggest that it was a substantial defensive construction. We attribute the failure of Pardo's network to the social geography of the Native South rather than to an insufficient investment of resources.
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Bertrand, Gabrielle. "The Post-Tridentine Controversies at the Louvain Faculty of Theology: The Correspondence between Judocus Tiletanus and Michael Baius (1568)." Journal of Early Modern Christianity 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jemc-2024-2006.
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Abstract Josse Ravesteyn, or Judocus Tiletanus, was promoted as a doctor of theology in 1546, acted as participant in the Council of Trent in 1551, and was appointed as inquisitor-general of the Low Countries in 1559. This temporal triptych alone reflects the precipitous degradation of Christian and civil cohesion in the second half of the sixteenth century and how the responsibilities of theologians accordingly changed. Throughout this period, Louvain, its University and its Faculty of Theology were increasingly called upon to provide their expertise to the various appeasement attempts. Inside the Faculty, Tiletanus was also his colleague Michael Baius’ main theological opponent from 1564 onwards; after the Council of Trent came to an end, the former called upon different levels of authority to have the latter’s works and assertions censured, culminating in Pius V’s 1567 bull Ex omnibus afflictionibus. Seeing however how Baius’ confidence and notoriety were left somewhat unscathed, Tiletanus confronted him directly in a personal correspondence made up of six letters in 1568. This article is the first attempt to determine to what extent the Council shaped Tiletanus’ sense of responsibility as a theologian as well as his relationship with Michael Baius.
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Grimmett, Kendra. "The Body of Christ and the Embodied Viewer in Rubens’s Rockox Epitaph." Arts 12, no. 6 (December 13, 2023): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts12060251.
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On behalf of the Catholic Church, the Council of Trent (1545–1563) confirmed the usefulness of religious images and multisensory worship practices for engaging the bodies and the minds of congregants, and for moving pious devotees to empathize with Christ. In the center panel of the Rockox Epitaph (c. 1613–1615), a funerary triptych commissioned by the Antwerp mayor Nicolaas Rockox (1560–1640) and his wife Adriana Perez (1568–1619) to hang over their tomb, Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) paints an awe-inspiring, hopeful image of the Risen Lord that alludes to the promise of humankind’s corporeal resurrection at the Last Judgment. In the wings, Rockox and Perez demonstrate affective worship with prayer aids and welcome onlookers to gaze upon Christ’s renewed body. Rubens’s juxtaposition of the eternal, incorruptible body of Jesus alongside five mortal figures—the two patrons and the three apostles, Peter, Paul, and John—prompted living viewers to meditate on their relationship with God, to compare their bodies with those depicted, and to contemplate their own embodiment and mortality. Ultimately, the idealized body of Christ reminds faithful audiences of both the corporeal renewal and the spiritual salvation made possible through Jesus’s death and resurrection.
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Weis, Monique. "Deux missions diplomatiques du secrétaire d'État allemand Urbain de Scharenberg en Empire (1560 et 1565/1566)." Bulletin de la Commission royale d'histoire. Académie royale de Belgique 164, no. 3 (1998): 257–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bcrh.1998.1166.
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MacCAFFREY, WALLACE T. "THE NEWHAVEN EXPEDITION, 1562–1563." Historical Journal 40, no. 1 (March 1997): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x9600698x.
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England's decision to opt for the reformed religion had major repercussions in her foreign relations. Continental and Scottish protestants now looked to their royal co-religionist for protection. An intervention in Scotland on behalf of the reformers was triumphantly successful. When the French protestants took arms in 1562 they turned to Elizabeth for aid. Cecil was hesitant; Robert Dudley, however, backed by Throckmorton, urged armed intervention. The queen agreed but drove a hard bargain. The Huguenots were to hand over Newhaven (Le Havre) to be held by the English until Calais was returned. She in turn loaned money to hire mercenaries. From the beginning the alliance faltered. Elizabeth refused succour to the Huguenots besieged in Rouen. Condé and Coligny opened negotiations with Catherine de Medici, in which English interests were disregarded. In due course the assassination of the duke of Guise, the catholic champion, opened the way for a settlement. The reunited French parties joined in an assault on Newhaven; a humiliating surrender followed. The ill success of this venture was decisive in shaping the future course of English relations with their continental co-religionists. At home it marked the emergence of Robert Dudley as a major player in high politics.
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Breton, Nicolas. "Ronsard engagé ? Le prince des poètes dans le théâtre des guerres de Religion." Revue d'histoire du protestantisme 7, no. 4 (January 26, 2023): 479–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47421/rhp7_4_479-498.
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Les poètes aussi peuvent faire la guerre ; sans arme, mais parfois avec violence. Dans le contexte de la déchirure confessionnelle du royaume de France, puis de la première guerre civile, tous les talents sont mis à contribution pour ruiner ou discréditer l’adversaire. Il en est ainsi de Pierre de Ronsard. À partir de 1547, le prince des poètes gravite autour des principaux personnages de l’État : les cardinaux de Lorraine et de Châtillon sont ses premiers grands mécènes, mais c’est Catherine de Médicis qui le hisse au rang de poète des rois. Par affinité politique, religieuse et même philosophique, Ronsard s’engage au début de la décennie 1560 pour défendre les actions du gouvernement, condamner les prises d’armes huguenotes et tourner en dérision la doctrine réformée. Devenu poète militant, il versifie sa haine du protestantisme. Cette entrée fracassante dans l’arène politico-poétique n’est pas sans conséquence. Ronsard devient témoin et peut-être même victime des violences qui s’exercent partout dans le royaume. Mais le plus douloureux pour lui demeure sans doute l’évanouissement de la puissance pacificatrice des mots. La progressive montée des tensions dans les années 1565-1567 atteste de l’échec de cette politique à laquelle il a activement participé. Un désenchantement synonyme pour lui de désengagement.
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Prokhorova, A. "DIPLOMATIC RELATIONSHIPS WITH LONDON AND PARIS DURING OF ANGLO-FRENCH WAR (60TH XI CENTURY)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 136 (2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2018.136.1.12.
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The article is dedicated to the diplomatic relationships between the British Kingdom and the Huguenots during the Anglo-French War of 1562-1564 and their influence on the foreign policy of England and France. The author analyzes the main directions of the diplomatic relations of the Elizabethan politicians with the French Protestants, finds out the factors and circumstances of the defeat of the Huguenots in the Battle of Dre and change the course of diplomatic relations between the countries. Also, author observes the course and results of the war of 1562-1564, and concludes that the defeat for England in this military conflict in the future had positive effects. For Elizabeth I became clear that it makes no sense to rely on the further assistance of Protestant forces from other states to the English case. The country could deviate from the policies that it was carrying out, and to re-evaluate its foreign-policy priorities, which contributed to a further new course of the country.
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Hair, P. E. H. "A Note on French and Spanish Voyages to Sierra Leone 1550–1585." History in Africa 18 (1991): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172059.
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Writing in the 1590s about Sierra Leone, André Alvares de Almada, a Cape Verde Islands trader who had probably at one time visited Sierra Leone, commended its peoples for being “unfriendly to the English and French,” not least by fighting John Hawkins—the latter remark obviously a reference to Hawkins' well-known visit in 1567/68. But when did the French visit Sierra Leone? Elsewhere I have cited the evidence for three French voyages to the Sierra Leone estuary in the later 1560s, probably in 1565, 1566, and 1567. I now analyze archive material published in two French works that appeared long ago but are probably little known to Africanists, since both concentrate on voyages to the Americas. The first source calendars items in the registres de tabellionage (notarial registers) of the Normandy port of Honfleur relating to intercontinental voyages, the items being mainly financial agreements made before or after voyages. Dates, names of ships, and destinations are supplied for the period from 1574 to 1621: what proportion of all intercontinental voyages from Honfleur during that period is represented in the registers is uncertain. But in the eleven years between 1574 and 1584, there are recorded 24 voyages to both Guinea and America, the ships proceeding across the Atlantic from Africa. The American destination is usually described as “Indes de Pérou,” meaning the Caribbean. The African destination of 15 named vessels making 19 voyages is “Serlione” or “coste de Serlion,” in 15 instances given singly, otherwise with the addition of “et Guinée,” “et Guinée et coste de Bonnes-Gens,” or “et cap de Vert et coste de Mina.” The remaining voyages were to “Guinée,” to “cap de Vert [Cape Verde, i.e. Senegal],” to “cap des Bonnes-Gens” [Ivory Coast], or to more than one of these.
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Gregg, Ryan E. "Anton van den Wyngaerde’s threefold project of the Panorama of Walcheren (c. 1547-1570)." Oud Holland – Journal for Art of the Low Countries 135, no. 4 (November 24, 2022): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750176-13504002.
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Anton van den Wyngaerde’s (c. 1490-1571) Panorama of Walcheren in the Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp depicts the mid-sixteenth-century island of Walcheren and the North Sea across ten meters of paper. Its length and extensive geographic coverage make it unique amongst the artist’s extant oeuvre. Primarily known for his depictions of Spanish and Netherlandish cities drawn for King Philip II, Van den Wyngaerde did paint a similar prospect in 1564 for the king’s El Pardo palace. The present panorama (also known as Zeelandia descriptio) owes its origins in part to that project. Though often mined for illustrations of a c. 1550 Walcheren, the drawings themselves have not been studied since 1956, when Jules van Beylen proposed a series of unspecified dates for the entirety’s manufacture. The present study clarifies the timeline for the current Panorama’s generation over several decades. Through examination of the object, its depicted environments, and archival material, at least three discrete working periods and three distinct panoramic sections are proposed. The artist initially travelled across the island sketching its locations sometime between 1547 and 1552. After arriving in Spain in 1562 at Philip II’s request, Van den Wyngaerde compiled his earlier sketches into an overall draft. The first third of the present Panorama belongs to this preparatory stage for a second project. He then produced a more finished, colored drawing from the draft, in which he updated and corrected visual information. The middle section remains from this second stage. The c. 1564 El Pardo painting likely replicated the colored presentation drawing. The third project, undertaken between c. 1567 and c. 1570, copied at least a portion of the painting if not the entire prospect, and remains extant in the right section. The remainders from these projects were then combined at an indeterminate time to form the Panorama as it exists today.
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OSTAPCZUK, JERZY. "LITURGICAL TRADITION IN THE ROMANIAN TETRAEVANGELION ISSUED IN 1561 IN BRAŞOV AND ITS RELATION TO THE CYRILLIC EARLY PRINTED GOSPEL EDITIONS FROM THE 16TH CENTURY." Receptarea Sfintei Scripturi: între filologie, hermeneutică şi traductologie 12 (2024): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/rss.2023.12-19.
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Cyrillic early printed Tetraevangelion issued in 1561 in Braşov by Deacon Coresi was the first edition containing the Good News solely in Romanian language. It was widely studied from different perspectives, while its liturgical tradition, fully written in Church Slavonic language, did not draw scholars’ attention. The study examines the commemorations of saints and feasts as well as various events present in the Menologion of 1561 Romanian edition with special attention paid to eight Romanian-Bulgarian Tetraevangelia issued in the 16th century. The study proved that 1561 Coresi’s Romanian Tetraevangelion closely follows the liturgical tradition reflected in the 1562 Romanian-Bulgarian Gospel edition, and varies in this regard from two Tetraevangelia printed in 1546 and 1551-1553 in Sibiu by Filip Pictor Moldoveanu.
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Gręźlikowski, Janusz. "Przygotowanie kandydatów do kapłaństwa w diecezji włocławskiej w świetle potrydenckich synodów diecezjalnych." Prawo Kanoniczne 45, no. 1-2 (June 15, 2002): 251–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2002.45.1-2.06.
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Amongst many legal and disciplinary warrants and orders of Trident Council (1545-1563) which undertook energetic action to reform and revival of the church, there was a Cum adolescentium aetas decreefound, accepted on May 8th 1563, orduring to the bishops to create theological seminaries. This decree also changed the from of preparation of candidates for priesthood. Implementation into being and realization of Council’s resolutions, including the decree for theological seminaries, was depended in big extent from personal involvement of the bishops. The most effective tool for realization of Tridentinum resolutions by the bishops in individual dioceses were Diocesan Synods, pointed anyway by the Council itself as important factors of the reform. Trident reform, within the range of priests preparation for priesthood in Włocławek Diocese, found favorable conditions and resulted already in 1568 with foundation, and in 1569 with erection of diocesan seminary in Włocławek by bishop Stanislaw Karnkowski, later the primate. This seminary went through different difficulties and not always was able to fully fulfil its function. However thanks to efforts and care of Stanislaw Karnkowski’s successors, especially bishop Paweł Wolucki and Maciej Lubieński as well as the chapter, this seminary prepared candidates for priesthood according to Tridentinum spirit. Also the other seminary, called Schothand or Gdańsk seminary was to serve for that purpose, and this seminary was designated to educate candidates for holy orders inpart of Pomerania diocese, and those ones who contributes the most to this idea were bishops Hieronim Rozrażewski and Paweł Wolucki. Formation of the candidates for holy orders was outhined mainly by the following synods: Stanislaw Karnkowski’s from 1568, Wojciech Baranowski’s from 1607, Paweł Wolucki’s from 1620, Andrzej Lipski’s from 1622 and 1628 and Maciej Lubieński from 1634 and 1641. These synods, according to spirit of Trident decree, determined detailed requiremants set for aspirants for priesthood as well as they determinal wurse of the formation leading to priesthood. Big credit should be granted to initiative of bishops: Karnkowski, Baranowski and Wolucki in reference to field of awaking and shaping the priest vocation. All three men mentioned above displayed their understanding not only to dispositions and orders of Trident Council but also to real needs of the diocese. Through synod legislators who made legal regulations, the big care and concern appeared that the diocese would get well prepared and to same extent versatile formed priests for priest’s service.
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Zeng, Linan, Youping Li, Lingli Zhang, Guanjian Liu, Yang Zhang, Shangwei Zhen, Honghao Li, et al. "Guideline use behaviours and needs of primary care practitioners in China: a cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e015379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015379.
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ObjectivesClinical guidelines have been recognised as an effective way to improve healthcare performance. However, little is known about the uptake and implementation of guidelines by general practitioners in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the guideline use behaviours and needs of practitioners in primary care settings in China.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey from December 2015 to May 2016 that included practitioners at 268 institutions in 15 provinces in China. Questionnaire development was informed by the execution of a literature review and consultation of experts. On-site surveys were implemented using a paper questionnaire to minimise missing responses. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with provider knowledge of and attitudes towards clinical guidelines.ResultsOf the respondents, 91.7% (1568/1708) were aware of clinical guidelines, but only 11.3% (177/1568) frequently used them. The main mechanism by which primary care practitioners accessed guidelines was public search engines (63.4%; 911/1438), and practitioners seldom reported using biomedical databases. The most frequently identified barriers to guideline use were lack of training (49.9%; 778/1560), lack of access (44.6%; 696/1560) and lack of awareness (38.0%; 592/1560). Less than one-quarter of respondents considered current guidelines ‘entirely appropriate’ for use in primary care (23.5%; 339/1442). Most participants (96.2%; 1509/1568) believed it was necessary to develop primary care guidelines. Provider attitudes towards current guidelines were associated with the location and level of the institution and professional title of the practitioner (p<0.05).ConclusionOur survey revealed poor knowledge and uptake of clinical guidelines in primary care, and we identified a gap between the needs of practitioners and availability of clinical guidelines for use in primary care in China. In addition, lacking access to and training in guidelines also prevented primary healthcare practitioners from using guidelines in daily practice.
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Valkema Blouw, Paul. "The international career of an Emden printer (Goossen Goebens 1560-76)." Quaerendo 27, no. 2 (1997): 113–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006997x00213.
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AbstractThe history of Goossen Goebens has to be entirely reconstructed from what is shown by his printed work together with the few facts which emerge from Plantin's account books. It thus appears that he began his career in 1561 as business manager of the recently founded literary press of Jan van Zuren in Haarlem. He subsequently became factor of the same firm when it entered a second phase in 1565 as a Protestant publishing house in Sedan, probably belonging to two of the Coornhert brothers. This connection lasted for a year, whereupon Goebens returned to Antwerp and spent a few months working for Plantin. It is possible that he then went to Vianen as a collaborator of Augustijn van Hasselt. When the town was occupied in May 1567, however, he did not seek refuge with Augustijn in Wesel but departed for Emden where, in the meantime, the Coornherts had transferred their press. That was where he worked until he managed to establish a printing press of his own in 1570. This continued its production until 1579, the year in which Goebens probably died. Some twenty-eight of Goebens's publications can now be identified, most of which appeared without an imprint. These include anonymous political pamphlets as well as works by Johan Fruytiers and the extensive Protocol of the conference with the Anabaptists in Emden in 1578.
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Rivault, Antoine. "Floride, un rêve français (1562-1565)." Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest, no. 120-4 (December 30, 2013): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/abpo.2707.
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Işık, Mustafa. "Budin Sancağında Tımar Rejimi: 1560-1561." History Studies International Journal of History 5, Volume 5 Issue 4 (January 1, 2013): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.9737/historys862.
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Domínguez Domínguez, Juan Francisco. "Études sur les Origines de la Bible Polyglotte d'Anvers: Masius, Lindanus, Tremellius, Postel." Helmántica 69, no. 201 (January 1, 2018): 67–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.36576/summa.50310.
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Among other things, we propose in this study to provide an irrefutable proof that the letter from the printer Christophe Plantin to Andreas Masius, published at the end of this work, was written on February 26, 1565 and not in 1566, as some scholars claim. Before contacting the secretary Gabriel de Zayas in 1566, Plantin had made contact with very different scholars according to specific interests on every occasion. Some of these scholars were not only Catholics, but also belligerent Catholics (Lindanus); there were others whose orthodoxy was discussed (Postel, Masius); still others were demonstrably Protestant (Tremellius). Things changed radically when Plantin offered his project to the Spanish crown
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Károlyi, Zoltán. "The pathomechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome in the light of novel research findings." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 40 (October 2012): 1567–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29467.
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The author summarizes the factors which play a role in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome highlighting the impact of intrauterine genetic programming and the importance of the maternal steroid environment. Environmental effects, steroid receptor modulators, endocrine disruptor compounds, and the role of obesity in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome are also discussed. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1567–1569.
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Meurer, Peter H. "Der Nürnberger Verlag Caymox und die Kartographie." Quaerendo 23, no. 1 (1993): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006993x00163.
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AbstractThe present article is a contribution to research on the activities of exiled Dutchmen in connection with the publication of maps, as illustrated by the Caymox family in Nuremberg. Cornelis Caymox (Antwerp?-Nuremberg c.1590), a general trader, sold the maps of Gerard de Jode and Gerard Mercator in Germany (from c.1565). It was he and Hubert Caymox (his brother?) who officially applied for the imperial privilege to print De Jode's atlas in 1574; De Jode's own efforts were obstructed by his rival Abraham Ortelius. Cornelis Caymox also contributed to Braun & Hogenberg's town atlas. Cornelis's relative (his nephew?) Balthasar Caymox (Beerse/Brabant 1561-Nuremberg 1635) set up as a publisher in Nuremberg around 1590. Among his first publications was a re-issue of the 1567 map of Hungary by Matthias Zündt. When the Dutch-born engraver and geographer Matthias Quad (1557-1613) left Cologne and spent some years (c.1605-7) in Nuremberg, he issued some cartographical broadsheets together with Caymox (distance triangle 1605; map of Spain after Blaeu 1606; map of Palestine after Adrichomius and Duchetti c.1606). Caymox was also the publisher of the paper instruments (quadrant, sundial, astrolabe) designed by Franz Ritter (1579-c.1650). Among these is an interesting dial plate of a sundial in the form of a world map, indicating local time, world time and the geographical latitude of the equinox. Balthasar Caymox's business was subsequently (in 1633) taken over by Paulus Fürst (1608-66).