Journal articles: '153.3/5'

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Bai, Zigang, and Jiyuan Zhu. "A Facile Preparation Method for Corrosion-Resistant Copper Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Ordered Microstructures by Etching." Coatings 13, no. 7 (June 25, 2023): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071151.

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Superhydrophobic surfaces wit ordered hierarchical microstructures were prepared on copper substrates by combining thermal transfer and etching. The surface morphology, wettability, chemical composition and corrosion resistance were, respectively, characterized via scanning electron microscopy, a three-dimensional confocal microscope, contact angle measurement, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrokinetic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The contact angle of the obtained superhydrophobic surface is up to 153.3° with a reduction in the corrosion current density from 3.9105 × 10−5 A/cm2 to 3.5421 × 10−6 A/cm2 via the electrokinetic polarization curve test, and the maximum capacitive arc radius of the superhydrophobic surface is about 2.5 × 104 Ω cm2 via the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of bare copper substrate, and the maximum modulus value |Z| is also two orders of magnitude higher than that of bare copper substrate, indicating that the superhydrophobic surface has better corrosion resistance. This method provides an effective etching approach toward preparing superhydrophobic surfaces with ordered microstructures.

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Kim, Eun, Hyun Kim, Donghwi Kim, Jinsoo Kim, and Pyung Lee. "Preparation of Mixed Matrix Membranes Containing ZIF-8 and UiO-66 for Multicomponent Light Gas Separation." Crystals 9, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9010015.

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Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) containing zeolitic imidazolite framework-8 (ZIF-8) and UiO-66 as microporous fillers were prepared and evaluated their potential for the separation of a gas mixture produced by a methane reforming process. Hydrothermal synthesis was performed to prepare both the ZIF-8 and UiO-66 crystals, with crystal sizes ranging from 50 to 70 nm for ZIF-8 and from 200 to 300 nm for UiO-66. MMMs were prepared with 15% filler loading for both MMM (ZIF-8) and MMM (UiO-66). MMM (UiO-66) exhibited H2 permeability of 64.4 barrer and H2/CH4 selectivity of 153.3 for single gas permeation, which are more than twice the values that were exhibited by a neat polymer membrane. MMM (ZIF-8) also showed better separation properties than that of a neat polymer membrane with H2 permeability of 27.1 barrer and H2/CH4 selectivity of 123.2. When a gas mixture consisting of 78% Ar/18% H2/4% CH4 flowed into the membranes at 5 bar, the H2 purity increased to as high as 93%. However, no improvement in the mixture gas separation performance was achieved by the MMMs as compared to that of a neat polymer membrane.

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Vio, Carlos P., Mariana Quiroz-Munoz, Catherina A. Cuevas, Carlos Cespedes, and Nicholas R. Ferreri. "Prostaglandin E2 EP3 receptor regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 303, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): F449—F457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00634.2011.

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Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is constitutively expressed and highly regulated in the thick ascending limb (TAL). As COX-2 inhibitors (Coxibs) increase COX-2 expression, we tested the hypothesis that a negative feedback mechanism involving PGE2 EP3 receptors regulates COX-2 expression in the TAL. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a Coxib [celecoxib (20 mg·kg−1·day−1) or rofecoxib (10 mg·kg−1·day−1)], with or without sulprostone (20 μg·kg−1·day−1). Sulprostone was given using two protocols, namely, previous to Coxib treatment (prevention effect; Sulp7-Coxib5 group) and 5 days after initiation of Coxib treatment (regression effect; Coxib10-Sulp5 group). Immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis revealed that the stained area for COX-2-positive TAL cells (μm2/field) increased in Coxib-treated rats (Sham: 412 ± 56.3, Coxib: 794 ± 153.3). The Coxib effect was inhibited when sulprostone was used in either the prevention (285 ± 56.9) or regression (345 ± 51.1) protocols. Western blot analysis revealed a 2.1 ± 0.3-fold increase in COX-2 protein expression in the Coxib-treated group, an effect abolished by sulprostone using either the prevention (1.2 ± 0.3-fold) or regression (0.6 ± 0.4-fold vs. control, P < 0.05) protocols. Similarly, the 6.4 ± 0.6-fold increase in COX-2 mRNA abundance induced by Coxibs ( P < 0.05) was inhibited by sulprostone; prevention: 0.9 ± 0.3-fold ( P < 0.05) and regression: 0.6 ± 0.1 ( P < 0.05). Administration of a selective EP3 receptor antagonist, L-798106, also increased the area for COX-2-stained cells, COX-2 mRNA accumulation, and protein expression in the TAL. Collectively, the data suggest that COX-2 levels are regulated by a novel negative feedback loop mediated by PGE2 acting on its EP3 receptor in the TAL.

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Mboya, Frankline Otieno, Ibrahim I. Daud, Raphael Ondondo, and Daniel Onguru. "Hepatitis B virus infection status and associated factors among health care workers in selected hospitals in Kisumu County, Kenya: A cross-sectional study." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 9 (September 20, 2023): e0001535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001535.

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Poorly managed medical waste produced at the health facilities are potential source of infections including occupational exposure to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). This study evaluated the prevalence of HBV infection among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Kisumu County. We determined prevalence of HBV infections among 192 HCWs from nine purposively selected high-patient volume public hospitals in Kisumu County. A structured questionnaire was administered, and 4.0 ml of venous blood sample collected for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and total hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Of 192 HCWs sampled, 52.1% were males and the median participants age was 34.4 years with interquartile range (IQR) of 11 (28–39) years. Most participants (44%) had worked for between 1–5 years. There was low HBV vaccine uptake with 35.9% completing the required 3 doses, while 40.6% had never been vaccinated. HBV prevalence was 18.8% (36/192), prevalence of past resolved infection was 25.5% (49/192), while 37.5% (72/192) of HCW had evidence of vaccine-derived immunity and 17.7% (34/192) were susceptible. HBV prevalence among HCW who had worked for less than one year and those who had never been vaccinated was 37.5% and 35.9% respectively. Significant risk of HBV lifetime exposure was noted among HCWs with one vaccine dose, those with no known exposure, while highest in those with knowledge on HBV transmission (aOR, 7.97; 95% CI, 2.10–153.3, p-value = 0.008). HCWs who had received ≥2 doses of HBV vaccine (aOR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01–0.10, p-value = <0.0001) had significant HBV protection. Duration of service was not associated with HBV among HCWs. HBV prevalence was high among HCWs from nine high patient volume public hospitals in Kisumu County. Efforts to strengthen HBV vaccination uptake and dose completion are needed to reduce HBV infections among HCWs.

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Zhao, Liyun, John C. Moore, Bo Sun, Xueyuan Tang, and Xiaoran Guo. "Where is the 1-million-year-old ice at Dome A?" Cryosphere 12, no. 5 (May 15, 2018): 1651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1651-2018.

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Abstract. Ice fabric influences the rheology of ice, and hence the age–depth profile at ice core drilling sites. To investigate the age–depth profile to be expected of the ongoing deep ice coring at Kunlun station, Dome A, we use the depth-varying anisotropic fabric suggested by the recent polarimetric measurements around Dome A along with prescribed fabrics ranging from isotropic through girdle to single maximum in a three-dimensional, thermo-mechanically coupled full-Stokes model of a 70 × 70 km2 domain around Kunlun station. This model allows for the simulation of the near basal ice temperature and age, and ice flow around the location of the Chinese deep ice coring site. Ice fabrics and geothermal heat flux strongly affect the vertical advection and basal temperature which consequently control the age profile. Constraining modeled age–depth profiles with dated radar isochrones to 2∕3 ice depth, the surface vertical velocity, and also the spatial variability of a radar isochrones dated to 153.3 ka BP, limits the age of the deep ice at Kunlun to between 649 and 831 ka, a much smaller range than previously inferred. The simple interpretation of the polarimetric radar fabric data that we use produces best fits with a geothermal heat flux of 55 mW m−2. A heat flux of 50 mW m−2 is too low to fit the deeper radar layers, and 60 mW m−2 leads to unrealistic surface velocities. The modeled basal temperature at Kunlun reaches the pressure melting point with a basal melting rate of 2.2–2.7 mm a−1. Using the spatial distribution of basal temperatures and the best fit fabric suggests that within 400 m of Kunlun station, 1-million-year-old ice may be found 200 m above the bed, and that there are large regions where even older ice is well above the bedrock within 5–6 km of the Kunlun station.

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Righi, M., J. Hendricks, and R. Sausen. "The global impact of the transport sectors on atmospheric aerosol: simulations for year 2000 emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 19 (October 9, 2013): 9939–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9939-2013.

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Abstract. We use the EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) global model with the aerosol module MADE (Modal Aerosol Dynamics model for Europe, adapted for global applications) to quantify the impact of transport emissions (land transport, shipping and aviation) on the global aerosol. We consider a present-day (2000) scenario according to the CMIP5 (Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) emission data set developed in support of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Fifth Assessment Report. The model takes into account particle mass and number emissions: The latter are derived from mass emissions under different assumptions on the size distribution of particles emitted by the three transport sectors. Additional sensitivity experiments are performed to quantify the effects of the uncertainties behind such assumptions. The model simulations show that the impact of the transport sectors closely matches the emission patterns. Land transport is the most important source of black carbon (BC) pollution in the USA, Europe and the Arabian Peninsula, contributing up to 60–70% of the total surface-level BC concentration in these regions. Shipping contributes about 40–60% of the total aerosol sulfate surface-level concentration along the most-traveled routes of the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific oceans, with a significant impact (~ 10–20%) along the coastlines. Aviation mostly affects aerosol number, contributing about 30–40% of the particle number concentration in the northern midlatitudes' upper troposphere (7–12 km), although significant effects are also simulated at the ground, due to the emissions from landing and take-off cycles. The transport-induced perturbations to the particle number concentrations are very sensitive to the assumptions on the size distribution of emitted particles, with the largest uncertainties (about one order of magnitude) obtained for the land transport sector. The simulated climate impacts, due to aerosol direct and indirect effects, are strongest for the shipping sector, in the range of −222.0 to −153.3 mW m−2, as a consequence of the large impact of sulfate aerosol on low marine clouds and their optical properties.

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Tseng, C. W., M. Satoh, and Y. M. Chen. "AB0697 Dramatic reduction of mortality rate by tofacitinib in anti-MDA-5 antibody-positive patients with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1476.1–1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3428.

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BackgroundRapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) is often seen in dermatomyositis patients with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA-5) antibody. They often have a poor prognosis with rapid decline in pulmonary function, leading to respiratory failure (1). Aggressive immunosuppressive therapy has been reported with improved prognosis, however; it may lead to opportunistic infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) infection (2, 3).ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of tofacitinib (TOF) in combination with CMV and PCP prophylaxis in anti-MDA-5-positive patients.MethodsMedical records of 17 anti-MDA-5-positive RP-ILD patients enrolled during Mar 2017 to May 2021 were reviewed. RP-ILD was defined by the presence of deteriorated dyspnea, with a decrease in PaO2 levels and emerging radiographic anomalies within 4 weeks without evidence of infection (4). Chest CT was scored using Ichikado score (5). Clinical parameters including ferritin levels, white counts (WBC), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, GAP scores (Gender, Age, and Physiology score for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) were recorded. Medications included cyclophosphamide (CyP), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), mycophenolic acid derivatives (MPA), rituximab (RTX), and calcineurin inhibitor (CNI). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test were used to evaluate one-year mortality differences (MedCalc version 19.6). The Ethics Committee approved our study (CE17038B).ResultsSix anti-MDA-5-positive RP-ILD patients were treated with tofacitinib; five had concomitant CMV prophylaxis with valganciclovir (VGCV); 4 had PCP prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Patients’ demographic data are shown in Table 1. The median age, clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and chest CT scores were comparable between tofacitinib and non-tofacitinib groups. Prevalence of MPA use was higher in the non-TOF group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (Figure 1) indicated that patients with tofacitinib treatment (p=0.001), valganciclovir (p=0.003), and TMP-SMX (p=0.028) prophylaxis exhibited better 1-year survival rates compared with those without TOF therapy, VGCV, and TMP-SMX prophylaxis.Table 1.Clinical characteristics of anti-MDA-5 antibody-positive patients with RP-ILD receiving tofacitinib vs non-tofacitinib treatment.Tofacitinib (n=6)Non-tofacitinib (n=11)p valueAge (years)58 (42.3-77)57 (50.0-62.0)0.884Female sex, n (%)2 (33.3)6 (54.5)0.620Diabetes mellitus, n (%)0 (0)5 (45.5)0.102Fever, n (%)5 (83.3)10 (90.9)1.000Mechanic’s hands, n (%)4 (66.7)5 (45.5)0.620Ferritin (n=16, ng/ml))2670.9 (719.7-4209.7)1563.5 (967.8-3169.0)0.635WBC (x1000μl)8.7 (6.5-9.9)8.7 (6.0-12.9)0.884LDH (n=16, U/l)367.0 (218.0-557.5)433.0 (331.0-625.3)0.313GAP score5 (2.5-8)5 (2-6)0.808CT score200.0 (124.2-214.2)196.7 (153.3-273.3)0.733TMP-SMX, n (%)4 (66.7)0 (0)0.006**VGCV, n (%)5 (83.3)0 (0)0.001**CyP, n (%)1 (16.7)4 (36.4)0.600IVIG, n (%)1 (16.7)6 (54.5)0.304MPA, n (%)0 (0)7 (63.6)0.035*RTX, n (%)3 (50.0)5 (45.5)1.000CNI, n (%)2 (33.3)6 (54.5)0.620Continuous variables were expressed as median (inter-quartile range).*p<0.05, **p<0.01 by Mann–Whitney U test or Fisher’s Exact test.Figure 1.ConclusionThe study demonstrated the efficacy of tofacitinib treatment in anti-MDA-5-positive RP-ILD. In addition, CMV and PCP prophylaxis appeared to improve in 1-year survival. Rheumatologists might consider TOF with prophylaxis as an option for anti-MDA-5-positive patients in daily practice.References[1]Sato S, et al. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60(7):2193-200.[2]Sekiguchi A, et al. J Dermatol 2020;47(8):876-81.[3]Sabbagh SE, et al. Rheumatology 2021;60(2):829-36.[4]Kurasawa K, et al. Rheumatology 2018;57(12):2114-19.[5]Ichikado K, et al. Radiology 2006;238(1):321-9.AcknowledgementsWe are grateful to the Biostatistics Task Force staff of Taichung Veterans General Hospital for their assistance in performing the statistical analyses and Tomoko Hasegawa for her technical assistance with the immunoassays. We also thank Dr. Wen-Nan Huang, Dr. Pin-Kuei Fu, Dr. Chia-Wei Hsieh, Dr. Yi-Hsing Chen, and Dr. Der-Yuan Chen for their help on resources and supervision.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Gawrecki, Andrzej, Dorota Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz, Magdalena A. Michalak, Anna Adamska, Michal Michalak, Urszula Frackowiak, Justyna Flotynska, et al. "Safety and glycemic outcomes of do-it-yourself AndroidAPS hybrid closed-loop system in adults with type 1 diabetes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): e0248965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248965.

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Background The aim of the study was to assess the safety and glycemic outcomes with the use of a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Hybrid Closed-Loop (HCL) system based on the AndroidAPS application in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Single-center clinical trial, with 3-week run-in and 12-week study period. DIY HCL system consisted of the Dana Diabecare RS insulin pump, Dexcom G5 continuous glucose monitoring system and AndroidAPS application. Primary outcome was safety: incidences of severe hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, time spent in glycemia <54 mg/dl. Secondary endpoints included percentage of time in range (TIR) 70–180 mg/dl, time below 70 mg/dl, HbA1c, insulin requirements, and body weight. Results In total 12 subjects (5 men, 7 women) were enrolled, mean age 31.3±6.7, 95%CI(27.7–34.9) years, mean diabetes duration 16.1±5.7, 95%CI(13.0–19.2) years. No episodes of severe hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis were observed. Percentage of time spent in glycemia below 54mg/dl was not increased. Average sensor glycemia was lower in the study period than baseline (141.1 ± 8.4, 95%CI(136.3–145.9) vs. 153.3 ± 17.9, 95%CI(143.2–163.4), mg/dl p<0.001). TIR 70–180 mg/dl was improved by 11.3%, 95%CI(2.8%-19.8%) (from 68.0 ± 12.7 to 79.3 ± 6.4%, p<0.001), without increasing hypoglycemia time. The HbA1c level decreased by -0.5%, 95%CI(-0.9%–-0.1%) (from 6.8 ± 0.5 to 6.3 ± 0.4%, p<0.001). Additionally, in the last 4 weeks of the study period participants significantly improved and showed TIR 70–180 mg/dl 82.1 ± 5.6%, 95%CI(78.9–85.3), time <54 mg/dl 0.30 (0.20–0.55)%, median 95%CI(0.1–0.7) and <70 mg/dl 1.90 (1.10–3.05)%, median 95%CI(0.7–3.2). The insulin requirement and body weight did not change in the study. Conclusions The study revealed safety of the Do-It-Yourself HCL system AndroidAPS in adults with T1D, limited to well-controlled, highly selected and closely monitored patients. The use of AndroidAPS significantly improved HbA1c, time in range and average sensor glycemia without increasing hypoglycemia. As both patients and their medical team are gaining experience using the system over time, they improve glycemic control. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register: no. DRKS00015439; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00015439.

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Luna Palencia, Rosa Luz Luna, and Eleazar Omar Macedo Perez. "Hypertriglyceridemia associated with the use of capecitabine in a Mexican cohort." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e24107-e24107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e24107.

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e24107 Background: Capecitabine is a prodrug activated to its cytotoxic form 5-fluorouracil by thymidine phosphorylase whose active metabolites inhibit DNA synthesis by reducing thymidine production and also inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by competing with uridine triphosphate. Capecitabine is used in many types of tumors and its main reported side effects are diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome and hematologic toxicity. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients visited in a private hospital in Mexico City, that has a basal triglyceride profile and at least two determinations during treatment with capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin. Results: We analyzed 14 patients with a mean age of 55 years (IQR 40-73), 12 patients with colorectal cancer, 78.5% in the adjuvant setting, a half of patients with capecitabine monotherapy and the other half in combination with oxaliplatin. Comorbidities as overweight/obesity were seen in a half of the patients, diabetes in 21.4% and hypertriglyceridemia at baseline in 57.1% of patients all of them G1. The mean baseline glucose was 99.5 mg/dl (IQR 74-174), the mean baseline cholesterol was 180.8 mg/dl (IQR 85-243), the mean baseline triglycerides was 153.3 mg/dl (IQR 85-243). During capecitabine treatment a total of 85.7% of patients developed hypertriglyceridemia: G3/4 of 21.4%, G2 of 28.5%, G1 of 35.7%. No patient developed a serious complication associated with hypertriglyceridemia such as pancreatitis. There was no association between monotherapy or combination treatment with oxaliplatin, of patients with grade ≥2 hypertriglyceridemia, five received capecitabine monotherapy and two in combination with oxaliplatin. Also, no association was found among the highest levels of cholesterol, glucose, disease stage, age or body mass index. All of the 6 patients with normal baseline triglycerides developed hypertriglyceridemia 66.6% G1 and 33.3% G2. All the patients who present with hypertriglyceridemia G3/4 had baseline hypertriglyceridemia and 66.6% also diabetes. Conclusions: This analysis shows the high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia associated with the use of capecitabine as monotherapy or combined with oxaliplatin in a Mexican cohort, with an incidence of 21.4% of hypertriglyceridemia G3/4 having the pre-existing hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes as risk factors. The cause of the worsening of the lipid profile requires more research but justify lipid profile at baseline and during the treatment with capecitabine. Due to the small size of the sample, the findings need to be confirmed with a prospective study with a larger number of patients.

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Altaie, Azher Hameed, and Sabah Lateef Alwan. "الكشف عن انتاج اندول حامض الخليك IAA والجبريلين GA3 في راشح عزلات محلية من الفطريات المحفزة لنمو النبات." Journal of Kerbala for Agricultural Sciences 5, no. 5 (March 6, 2018): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.59658/jkas.v5i5.43.

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نفذت الدراسة في مختبرات كلية الزراعة – جامعة الكوفة لتقييم قدرة الفطريات المحفزة لنمو النبات على انتاج الهرمونات النباتية في رواشحها وفي ظروف الحضن المتحرك Shaking incubator والساكن Static incubator ، والتي اثبتت كفاءة عالية في تحفيز نمو النباتات الملقحة بها على انتاج الهرمونات النباتية الاندول استك اسد (IAA) وحامض الجبرلين (GA3) . هدفت الدراسة الى التحري مختبريا عن قدرة عزلات محلية من الفطريات المحفزة للنمو وهي : A-7 (Aspergillus fumigatus) و A-D-1 (A. niger) فضلاً عن العزلة T-113 من الفطر (Trichoderma hamatum) ، بهدف تقدير كمية ونوعية الهرمونات المنتجة وبالتالي اعتمادها كمصدر لانتاج الهرمونين والذي بدوره يمكن ان يبحث امكانية استخدام رواشح تلك الفطريات الحاوية على الهرمونين بشكل مباشر على النبات واختبار تاثيراته في دراسات لاحقة. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن الفطريات الثلاث الفعالة في تحفيز وتشجيع النمو A-D-1 وA-7 وT-113 انتجت الهرمونين IAA وGA3 المحفزين لنمو النبات ، حدد الهرمون IAA من خلال محتوى راشح العزلات الفطرية المضاف إليه 1000 مايكروغرام / لتر Tryptophan كبادئ لتصنيع الهرمون في ظروف الحضن المتحرك Shaking 120 دورة / دقيقة والساكن ، وفي فترات الحضن الممتدة لـ 5 و10 و15 يوماً على التوالي في درجة حرارة 28+ 2مْ. تميز الفطر A-D-1 بأعلى متوسط لمحتوى الراشح من الهرمون حيث بلغ 153.3 ملغم / لتر تلاه الفطر A-7 بمتوسط بلغ 137.8 ملغم / لتر ، في حين سجلت العزلة الفطرية 113T- أقل متوسط بلغ 90 ملغم / لتر في ظروف الحضن المتحرك . وفيما يخص ظروف الحضن الساكن فقد ظهرت العزلة الفطرية A-7 بأعلى متوسط لمحتوى الراشح من الهرمون بلغ مقداره 1211 ملغم/لتر تلتها العزلة الفطرية A-D-1 بمتوسط بلغ 221 ملغم / لتر ، أما العزلة الفطرية 13T- فقد ظهرت بأقل متوسط بلغ 118 ملغم / لتر . أما إنتاج الهرمون GA3 ، فقد حدد من خلال محتوى راشح الفطريات في ظروف الحضن المتحرك Shaking 150 دورة / دقيقة والساكن ، وخلال فترات الحضن الممتدة لمدة 7 و14 و21 يوماً على التوالي عند درجة حرارة 28+ 2مْ ، ظهر الفطر A-7 باعلى متوسط لمحتوى الراشح من الهرمون حيث بلغ 2.018 ملغم / لتر تلاه الفطر A-D-1 بمتوسط بلغ 0.742 ملغم / لتر ، أما العزلة الفطرية T-113 فقد ظهرت باقل متوسط بلغ 0.698 ملغم / لتر بعد مرور 21 يوماً في ظروف الحضن المتحرك . أما في ظروف الحضن الساكن فقد ظهر الفطر A-7 بأعلى متوسط لمحتوى الراشح من الهرمون حيث بلغ 2.433 ملغم / لتر تلاه الفطر A-D-1 بمتوسط بلغ 0.477 ملغم / لتر ، أما العزلة الفطرية T-113 فقد ظهرت بأقل متوسط بلغ 0.443 ملغم / لتر.

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Orefice, V., F. Ceccarelli, C. Barbati, R. Lucchetti, G. Olivieri, E. Cipriano, F. Natalucci, et al. "THU0227 CAFFEINE INTAKE MODULATES DISEASE ACTIVITY AND CYTOKINES LEVELS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 340.2–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2100.

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Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease mainly affecting women of childbearing age. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors may contribute to disease pathogenesis1. At today, no robust data are available about the possible contribute of diet in SLE. Caffeine, one of the most widely consumed products in the world, seems to interact with multiple components of the immune system by acting as a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor2.In vitrodose-dependent treatment with caffeine seems to down-regulate mRNA levels of key inflammation-related genes and similarly reduce levels of different pro-inflammatory cytokines3.Objectives:We evaluated the impact of caffeine consumption on SLE-related disease phenotype and activity, in terms of clinimetric assessment and cytokines levels.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study, enrolling consecutive patients and reporting their clinical and laboratory data. Disease activity was assessed by SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2k)4. Caffeine intake was evaluated by a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, including all the main sources of caffeine. As previously reported, patients were divided in four groups according to the daily caffeine intake: <29.1 mg/day (group 1), 29.2-153.7 mg/day (group 2), 153.8-376.5 mg/day (group 3) and >376.6 mg/day (group 4)5. At the end of questionnaire filling, blood samples were collected from each patient to assess cytokines levels. These were assessed by using a panel by Bio-Plex assays to measure the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-27, IFN-γ, IFN-α and Blys.Results:We enrolled 89 SLE patients (F/M 87/2, median age 46 years, IQR 14; median disease duration 144 months, IQR 150). The median intake of caffeine was 195 mg/day (IQR 160.5). At the time of the enrollment, 8 patients (8.9%) referred a caffeine intake < 29.1 mg/day (group 1), 27 patients (30.3%) between 29.2 and 153.7 mg/day (group 2), 45 patients (51%) between 153.8 and 376.5 mg/day (group 3) and 9 patients (10.1%) >376.6 mg/day (group 4). A negative correlation between the levels of caffeine and disease activity, evaluated with SLEDAI-2K, was observed (p=0.01, r=-0.26). By comparing the four groups, a significant higher prevalence of lupus nephritis, neuropsychiatric involvement, haematological manifestations, hypocomplementemia and anti-dsDNA positivity was observed in patients with less intake of caffeine (figure 1 A-E). Furthermore, patients with less intake of caffeine showed a significant more frequent use of glucocorticoids [group 4: 22.2%,versusgroup 1 (50.0%, p=0.0001), group 2 (55.5%, p=0.0001), group 3 (40.0%, p=0.009)]. Moving on cytokines analysis, a negative correlation between daily caffeine consumption and serum level of IFNγ was found (p=0.03, r=-0.2) (figure 2A); furthermore, patients with more caffeine intake showed significant lower levels of IFNα (p=0.02, figure 2B), IL-17 (p=0.01, figure 2C) and IL-6 (p=0.003, figure 2D).Conclusion:This is the first report demonstrating the impact of caffeine on SLE disease activity status, as demonstrated by the inverse correlation between its intake and both SLEDAI-2k values and cytokines levels. Moreover, in our cohort, patients with less caffeine consumption seems to have a more severe disease phenotype, especially in terms of renal and neuropsychiatric involvement. Our results seem to suggest a possible immunoregulatory dose-dependent effect of caffeine, through the modulation of serum cytokine levels, as already suggested byin vitroanalysis.References:[1]Kaul et alNat. Rev. Dis. Prim.2016; 2. Aronsen et alEurop Joul of Pharm2014; 3. Iris et alClin Immun.2018; 4. Gladman et al J Rheumatol. 2002; 5. Mikuls et alArth Rheum2002Disclosure of Interests:Valeria Orefice: None declared, Fulvia Ceccarelli: None declared, cristiana barbati: None declared, Ramona Lucchetti: None declared, Giulio Olivieri: None declared, enrica cipriano: None declared, Francesco Natalucci: None declared, Carlo Perricone: None declared, Francesca Romana Spinelli Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant of: Novartis, Gilead, Lilly, Sanofi, Celgene, Speakers bureau: Lilly, cristiano alessandri Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Guido Valesini: None declared, Fabrizio Conti Speakers bureau: BMS, Lilly, Abbvie, Pfizer, Sanofi

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Castro, F. A., J. F. Jacysyn, A. G. Ulbrich, P. R. Tobo, L. R. Lopes, M. D. Colassantti, D. Camanho, et al. "Overexpression of the Anti-Apoptotic Genes mcl-1, bcl-w, bcl-xL and a1 Is Correlated with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Progression and Resistance to Gleevec." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 2880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2880.2880.

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Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disease where t(9;22) translocation is considered the primary molecular event leading to the appearance of the bcr-abl fusion gene and consequent cellular transformation. Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitors have been developed and are fairly successful in the treatment of CML. Despite their outstanding clinical activity in CML, they are not a definitive cure: the efficacy of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®), for instance, in CML-blastic phase is reduced and reports of resistance and intolerance to it have been published. Since Bcr-abl initiates cellular modifications leading to an extreme resistance to apoptosis, we decided to investigate possible secondary targets for CML therapy. We evaluate the expression of known anti and pro-apoptotic genes in terms of CML progression and response to Gleevec. We studied 10 health controls and 71 CML patients in different phases (20 chronic phase, 20 accelerated phase, 10 blastic phase, 15 cytogenetic remission post-Gleevec® and 6 Gleevec® refractory patients). CML group was constituted by 26 men and 35 women, median age of 51.7 years (range 23–73 years), 5 men and 5 women, median age of 49.3 (range 25–72 years), were healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and expression of bax, bcl-w, mcl-1, bcl-2, a1 and bcl-xL was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were analyzed by western-blot. The results of real-time RT-PCR and western-blot are expressed by relative expression, e.g. ratio of investigated genes or protein to the reference GAPDH gene and protein, respectively. We observed an increase of bcl-w (p<0.001), mcl-1 (p< 0.001), a1 (p<0.01) and bcl-xL (p<0.001) gene expression and a remarkable reduction of bcl-2 (p<0.001) in CML-BP patients (table 1). Patients in remission post-Gleevec® presented an anti-apoptotic gene expression profile similar to controls (p>0.05) and refractory patients profile seem to be analogous to blastic crisis (p>0.05). bax levels did not show significant changes in CML patients in different phases (p>0.05). Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein data support real-time RT-PCR findings. Taken together these results suggest that mcl-1, bcl-w, bcl-xL and a1 contribute to disease progression and resistance to treatment in CML patients. Further investigations on the state of the apototic machinery in CML patients should provide new approaches for drug design and consequently new efficient treatment for AP, BC and refractory CML patients. Table 1. Ratio of amplicons of the investigated genes to housekeeping (GAPDH). Gene C CP-CML AP-CML BP-CML CCR-CML R-CML C: control; CP: chronic phase; AP: accelerated phase; BP: blastic crisis; CCR: complete cytogenetic remission; R: refractory patients. Results expressed by mean /SD. mcl-1 3.6/0.9 4.4/1.0 8.5/5.0 12.6/2.7 2.4/0.7 13.7/3.6 a1 329.9/153.3 564.1/349.1 1,7000/564.4 972.4/564.0 434.2/98.1 968.8/2.4 bcl-w 4.2/1.1 12.8/3.2 3.4/0.6 17.2/8.6 3.5/0.8 19.8/3.2 bcl-xL 2.9/1.3 5.4/1.1 10.6/3.5 39.4/6.2 3.0/2.1 42.0/3.5 bcl-2 21.1/5.2 13.8/7.0 6.1/3.1 3.1/1.3 21.7/6.4 3.6/2.2 bax 3.2/1.3 4.2/0.8 3.7/1.3 5.2/2.5 4.5/2.7 4.2/2.7

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Figueroa-Parra, G., E. Barriga-Maldonado, C. A. Cavazos-Cavazos, C. M. Gamboa-Alonso, A. L. De-Leon-Ibarra, D. Á. Galarza-Delgado, and C. M. Skinner Taylor. "SAT0466 FRAX RISK OF FRACTURE AND ITS CORRELATION WITH BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN MEXICAN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5060.

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Background:Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by compromised bone strength and deterioration of quality, often leading to fragility fractures (1). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the recommended test for OP screening among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other RD (2). However, there are limitations to perform DXA on every patient, and the clinicians use screening tools to identify those patients with higher risk. The opportune identification of the patients at increased risk and early treatment can prevent the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce the risk of fractures(3).Objectives:To evaluate the FRAX risk and its correlation with the spine and femoral neck T-score in patients with RD.Methods:An observational retrospective study was done in the rheumatology clinic of the university hospital “Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez” in Monterrey, Mexico, between March and November 2019. Patients who had reported DXA from the spine and hip in the medical record were included. The risk factors included in FRAX tool was collected; FRAX tool was used online athttps://www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX/(algorithm for Mexicans) and classified as low (<10% for OP or <1% for hip), intermediate (10%-19% for OP or 1%-<3% for hip) and high risk (≥20% for OP or ≥3% for hip); results of DXA of the spine and hip were collected. Results are shown in means or frequency. A chi-square test or one-way analysis of variance was used to compare groups. Pearson’s correlation test (r) was done between spine T-score and FRAX risk for OP and between femoral neck T-score and FRAX risk for hip. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:141 patients were included, Patients with OP was older (mean 62.6 years), weight and height were higher in those with normal BMD. There was no difference between the use of glucocorticoids or other risk factors (Table 1). According to FRAX risk for OP, 122 (86.5%) had low risk, 14 (9.9%) had intermediate risk and only 5 (3.5%) had high risk. According to FRAX risk for hip, 81 (57.4%) had low risk, 38 (27.0%) had intermediate risk and only 22 (15.6%) had high risk (Table 2). There was a low negative correlation between spine T-score and FRAX risk for OP (r= -0.396, P=<0.001) (Figure 1), there was a moderate negative correlation between femoral neck T-score and FRAX risk for hip (r= -0.614, P=<0.001) (Figure 2).Table 1.FRAX score risk factorsNormal BMDN= 27Low BMDN= 66OsteoporosisN= 48PAge, years, mean (SD)46.8 (10.6)56.5 (11.7)62.6 (9.1)<0.001*Female, n (%)24 (88.8%)61 (92.4)43 (89.5)0.814Weight, kg, mean (SD)76.6 (14.6)66.4 (12.1)64.8 (10.6)0.001*Height, cm, mean (SD)156.7 (7.5)152.3 (6.8)153.3 (7.1)0.034*Previous Fracture, n (%)----Parent Fractured Hip, n (%)----Current Smoking, n (%)-2 (3.0%)4 (8.3%)0.060Glucocorticoids, n (%),15 (55.5%)30 (45.4%)19 (39.6%)0.411Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%)18 (66.6%)40 (60.6%)21 (43.7%)0.040*Secondary osteoporosis, n (%)----Alcohol use, n (%)1 (3.7%)2 (3.0%)1 (2.0%)0.631Osteoporosis treatment, n (%)-16 (24.2%)42 (87.5%)<0.001*Table 2.BMD and FRAX riskNormal BMDN= 27Low BMDN= 66OsteoporosisN= 48PFRAX risk for OP, n (%)Low risk, (n=122)27 (100%)63 (95.4%)32 (66.6%)<0.001*Intermediate risk, (n=14)-3 (4.5%)11 (22.9%)0.001*High risk, (n=5)--5 (10.4%)0.007*FRAX risk for hip, n(%)Low risk, (n=81)26 (96.3%)45 (68.1%)10 (20.8%)<0.001*Intermediate risk, (n=38)1 (3.7%)18 (25.7%)20 (41.6%)0.001*High risk, (n=22)-4 (6.0%)18 (37.5%)<0.001*Conclusion:Most of the patients were classified as low risk for OP and hip, including a high amount of those with OP showing a low and moderate correlation with DXA respectively.References:[1]Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(11):818-839[2]Osteoporos Int. 2014; 25(10): 2359-81[3]Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(Suppl 10):3924-3925Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Pancheva, Marieta V., Vladimir S. Panchev, and Adelina V. Suvandjieva. "Lower body negative pressure vs. lower body positive pressure to prevent cardiac atrophy after bed rest and spaceflight. What caused the controversy?" Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 3 (March 2006): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00950.2005.

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Cardiac muscle adapts well to changes in loading conditions. For example, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy may be induced physiologically (via exercise training) or pathologically (via hypertension or valvular heart disease). If hypertension is treated, LV hypertrophy regresses, suggesting a sensitivity to LV work. However, whether physical inactivity in nonathletic populations causes adaptive changes in LV mass or even frank atrophy is not clear. We exposed previously sedentary men to 6 ( n = 5) and 12 ( n = 3) wk of horizontal bed rest. LV and right ventricular (RV) mass and end-diastolic volume were measured using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2, 6, and 12 wk of bed rest; five healthy men were also studied before and after at least 6 wk of routine daily activities as controls. In addition, four astronauts were exposed to the complete elimination of hydrostatic gradients during a spaceflight of 10 days. During bed rest, LV mass decreased by 8.0 ± 2.2% ( P = 0.005) after 6 wk with an additional atrophy of 7.6 ± 2.3% in the subjects who remained in bed for 12 wk; there was no change in LV mass for the control subjects (153.0 ± 12.2 vs. 153.4 ± 12.1 g, P = 0.81). Mean wall thickness decreased (4 ± 2.5%, P = 0.01) after 6 wk of bed rest associated with the decrease in LV mass, suggesting a physiological remodeling with respect to altered load. LV end-diastolic volume decreased by 14 ± 1.7% ( P = 0.002) after 2 wk of bed rest and changed minimally thereafter. After 6 wk of bed rest, RV free wall mass decreased by 10 ± 2.7% ( P = 0.06) and RV end-diastolic volume by 16 ± 7.9% ( P = 0.06). After spaceflight, LV mass decreased by 12 ± 6.9% ( P = 0.07). In conclusion, cardiac atrophy occurs during prolonged (6 wk) horizontal bed rest and may also occur after short-term spaceflight. We suggest that cardiac atrophy is due to a physiological adaptation to reduced myocardial load and work in real or simulated microgravity and demonstrates the plasticity of cardiac muscle under different loading conditions.

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Perhonen, Merja A., Fatima Franco, Lynda D. Lane, Jay C. Buckey, C. Gunnar Blomqvist, Joseph E. Zerwekh, Ronald M. Peshock, Paul T. Weatherall, and Benjamin D. Levine. "Cardiac atrophy after bed rest and spaceflight." Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): 645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.645.

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Cardiac muscle adapts well to changes in loading conditions. For example, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy may be induced physiologically (via exercise training) or pathologically (via hypertension or valvular heart disease). If hypertension is treated, LV hypertrophy regresses, suggesting a sensitivity to LV work. However, whether physical inactivity in nonathletic populations causes adaptive changes in LV mass or even frank atrophy is not clear. We exposed previously sedentary men to 6 ( n = 5) and 12 ( n = 3) wk of horizontal bed rest. LV and right ventricular (RV) mass and end-diastolic volume were measured using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2, 6, and 12 wk of bed rest; five healthy men were also studied before and after at least 6 wk of routine daily activities as controls. In addition, four astronauts were exposed to the complete elimination of hydrostatic gradients during a spaceflight of 10 days. During bed rest, LV mass decreased by 8.0 ± 2.2% ( P = 0.005) after 6 wk with an additional atrophy of 7.6 ± 2.3% in the subjects who remained in bed for 12 wk; there was no change in LV mass for the control subjects (153.0 ± 12.2 vs. 153.4 ± 12.1 g, P = 0.81). Mean wall thickness decreased (4 ± 2.5%, P = 0.01) after 6 wk of bed rest associated with the decrease in LV mass, suggesting a physiological remodeling with respect to altered load. LV end-diastolic volume decreased by 14 ± 1.7% ( P = 0.002) after 2 wk of bed rest and changed minimally thereafter. After 6 wk of bed rest, RV free wall mass decreased by 10 ± 2.7% ( P = 0.06) and RV end-diastolic volume by 16 ± 7.9% ( P = 0.06). After spaceflight, LV mass decreased by 12 ± 6.9% ( P = 0.07). In conclusion, cardiac atrophy occurs during prolonged (6 wk) horizontal bed rest and may also occur after short-term spaceflight. We suggest that cardiac atrophy is due to a physiological adaptation to reduced myocardial load and work in real or simulated microgravity and demonstrates the plasticity of cardiac muscle under different loading conditions.

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Zhou, Jack J., Patrick Morrissey, Neil V. Shah, Aakash M. Patel, James P. Doran, Joanne C. Dekis, Jared M. Newman, Sarah E. Walker, Christine S. Persaud, and William P. Urban. "Epidemiology of Female Youth Ice Hockey Injuries Presenting to United States Emergency Department’s from 2007 to 2016." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 7_suppl5 (July 2019): 2325967119S0040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00409.

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Objectives: Female youth ice hockey players are an overlooked population. No national study has established incidence rates for injuries in female youth ice hockey. The objective of this study was to establish incidence rates by injury location, diagnosis, and mechanism of injury using USA Hockey sanctioned age divisions. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for all ice hockey injuries (product code 1279) from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016. Cases involving players over the age of 19 and males were excluded. Each injury’s narrative text field was reviewed to determine mechanism of injury. Data was analyzed using (IBM®, v24). Comparisons of incidence by age were made using student’s two sample t-test with 95% confidence interval. Trend analyses were performed using a linear regression. USA Hockey membership statistics were used to establish population at risk and calculate incidence rates. All incidence rates were reported per 10,000 person-years. Results: A total of 384 patients, representing an estimated 10,398 ice hockey-related injuries, presented to NEISS-participating United States emergency departments. During the study period, female youth ice hockey players increased significantly from 44,678 in 2007 to 57,792 in 2016 (p=3.9x10-5, R-squared=0.89, ß =0.94). The overall number of injuries, however, only slightly increased from 992 in 2007 to 1,042 in 2016 (p=ns). Thus, the incidence rate (IR) of injuries fell from 222.1 to 180.2 during the study period. The most commonly injured body parts were the head (n=3048, IR=554.5), trunk (n=1399, IR=256.4), knee (n=1127, IR=169), shoulder (n=704, IR=153.3) and ankle (n=591, IR=120.2). The most common diagnoses were strain/sprain (n=2002, IR=417.7), contusion (n=1877, IR= 348), internal organ injury (n=1863, IR=320), concussion (n=1112, IR=218) and fracture (n=1255, IR=202). The top mechanisms of injury were player-to-player contact (n= 3016, IR=535), falls (n=2249, IR=380.9), and contact with boards (n=942, IR=165.8). The incidence rate of injuries increased with age; The 0-8, 9-10, 11-12, 13-14, 15-16 and 17-19 age divisions had IR’s of 24, 84, 226, 381, 360, and 750, respectively. The player-to-player mechanism of injury also increased with age. The largest IR gap between ages fell between the 11-12 and 13-14 age groups, similar to what has been observed in male ice hockey studies. Player-to-player contact is the leading mechanism of injury in all age groups except the 0-8 age group. Head injuries increased with age division: 0-8 (n=15, IR=1), 9-10 (n=153, IR=17.4), 11-12 (n=598, IR=67.2), 13-14 (n=885, IR=115.1), 15-16 (n=650, IR=121.6) and 17-19 (n=746, IR=232.2). The two most common diagnoses of head injuries were concussion (36%) and internal organ injury (61%), both of these diagnoses increasing with age. In fact, concussion diagnosis increased significantly between each age group (p<0.01). Conclusion: We established the first collection of injury incidence rates for female ice hockey gleaned from a national database. Though body checking is illegal at all levels of women’s ice hockey, player-to-player contact prevailed as the leading mechanism of injury in all but the 0-8 age division. It was also the leading mechanism for the most common injury sites, including the head. This study laid bare an unspoken but long understood fact of the girl’s game that body checking is common and major contributor to the game’s injury burden.

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Shamkhalova, M. S., O. K. Vikulova, A. V. Zheleznyakova, M. A. Isakov, M. V. Shestakova, I. I. Dedov, and N. G. Mokrysheva. "Trends in the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in patients with diabetes in Russian Federation according to the Federal diabetes register (2010–2022)." Diabetes mellitus 26, no. 5 (October 23, 2023): 404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm13090.

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BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetes mellitus (DM) is a supranosological concept that characterizes multifactorial kidney damage associated with increased cardiovascular and mortality risk, which determines the high medical and social significance of this problem in diabetic patients.AIMS: To assess the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of CKD in adult DM patients with type 1(T1) and type 2 (T2) in Russian Federation (RF) in 2010–2022 according to the Federal Register of Diabetes Mellitus (FDR) and to present the capabilities of the register’s analytical tools for assessing organ-protective therapy and predicting the risk of pathology.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have used the database of FRD (http://diaregistry.ru), 85 regions of the RF. The data are presented as of 01.01.2023 and in dynamics for the period 2010–2022.RESULTS: The CKD prevalence in adult DM patients in RF in dynamics 2010→2022 showed in an increase in the rate for T1 from 21.5 to 27.1% (1.3 times), for T2 from 5.2 to 19.1% (3.7 times). The incidence of new CKD cases was 153.3→106.3/10 000 adult patients in T1, and 64.3→212.8/10 000 adult patients in T2. The analysis of the distribution by CKD stage indicates improved diagnosis of the complication. In the structure of new cases of CKD in the dynamics of 2010→2022. The proportions of patients with low and moderate combined risk of cardiovascular events and end-stage renal failure according to KDIGO criteria increased for T1 63.7→82.4%, for T2 64.5→77.4%. The proportions of patients with very high risk progressively decreased for T1 12.3→4.0%, for T2 13.1→1.6%. The average age of onset of CKD increased by an average of 6 years in persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (35.6→42 years, 63.3→69.3 years, respectively), with the dynamics of the average DM duration at the time of CKD development: in T1 11.5→14.8 years, in T2 7.4→7.8 years. The cause of terminal CKD in the structure of mortality in DM patients took only in T1 patients 5.6% and in T2D — 2.0%. A retrospective analysis of factors influencing the fatal outcome of DM patients with COVID-19 showed the significance of a history of CKD in T2DM patients, which increases the risk of death by 1.49 times (95% CI 1.01–2.04). Analysis of the structure of glucose-lowering therapy in T2DM patients and CKD indicates a more frequent prescription of drugs from the group of SGLT-2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor antagonists compared to the general cohort of T2DM. There is the CKD prognosis calculator in the FRD, which allows assessing the risk of developing of pathology within 5 years in a particular patient based on a set of the most significant predictors, which included 6 factors for T1 and 11 factors for T2. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological trends in the prevalence of CKD over a 13-year period indicate the growing importance of this problem in DM patients who are at risk. Along with the positive trends in the development of pathology with a longer duration of diabetes, in clinical practice the problem remains of untimely detection of CKD with impaired renal function at advanced stages. The progressive nature of the course and the negative impact of kidney damage on the risks of premature mortality in patients determine the priority of preventive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies aimed at compliance with the standard of examination, detection of pathology in the early stages and a multifactorial approach to nephroprotection, according to clinical recommendations.

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Bueno, Ligia Núñez, Raúl Gómez Santos, Giovanni Guarín, and Guillermo León. "Moscas de las frutas (Díptera: Tephritidae) y parasitoides asociados con Psidium guajava L. y Coffea arabica L. en tres municipios de la Provincia de Vélez (Santander, Colombia). Parte 1: Índices de infestación y daño por moscas de la frutas." Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 5, no. 1 (October 31, 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol5_num1_art:16.

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La investigación se realizó en la Provincia de Vélez (5° 33’ – 5° 88’ Norte y 73° 42’ – 73° 48’ Oeste) en el Departamento de Santander (Colombia) en los municipios de Guavatá, Puente Nacional y Jesús María (1.650 – 1.890 msnm, 17,8° C; 1.800-2.500 ml de precipitación por año; 93% de humedad relativa) en Psidium guajava L. y Coffea arabica L., con el objeto de identificar y cuantificar el daño causado por moscas de las frutas. Se tomaron frutas maduras del árbol en tres fincas de cada localidad, una vez por mes durante los años 2000 y 2001. Las muestras se procesaron y analizaron y se contó el número de larvas del tercer instar, pupas y adultos de moscas emergidas. Éstas se agruparon por especie y sexo y se analizaron los datos promedios anuales por localidad y especie. Se analizaron 216 muestras de cada planta hospedante, equivalentes a 217,42 kg de guayaba y 213,75 kg de café. Emergieron las especies Anastrepha striata Schiner y A. fraterculus (Wied). En guayaba la relación fue del 91,72% de A. striata y 8,26% de A. fraterculus. En café 0,85% de A. striata y 99,18% de A. fraterculus. La relación de sexos de cada especie se mantuvo en 1:1. El porcentaje de frutas dañadas, promedio total anual, fue de 99,86% en el año 2000 y de 96,20% en el año 2001. No hubo diferencias significativas entre años ni localidades. Los índices de infestación (L3/kg de fruta) fueron de 153,3 en el año 2000 y de 214,9 en el año 2001 y hubo diferencias significativas entre años y localidades. En café, el porcentaje de daño y el índice de infestación fueron significativamente inferiores respecto a los de guayaba, y el promedio total anual fue de 18,93% en el año 2000 y de 22,23% en el año 2001. La infestación L3/kg) en el primer año fue de 110,6 y de 120,83 en el segundo año. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre localidades. Fruits flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and parasitoids associated with Psidium guajava L. and Coffea Arabica L. in three municipalities of Vélez County (Santander, Colombia). Part 1: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) infestation and damage indexes. This research took place in the Province of Velez in Santander, Colombia (5° 33’ – 5°88’ N and 73° 42’ – 73° 48’ W) in the municipalities of Guavatá, Puente Nacional and Jesús María (1.650 – 1.890 masl, 17,8° C; 1800- 2500 ml of rain/year; 93% of HR) in crops of Psidium guajava L. and Coffea arabica L. The objective was to identify and measure the crop damage caused by fruit flies on both species. Sampling was carried out for two years. Samples of mature fruits from each host plant were monthly taken from the trees, in three plots per location. Fruits were separately evaluated for the presence of larvae. The number of third instar larvae (L3), pupae and adults per sample was registered by species and sex. A total of 216 samples were analyzed per host plant which corresponded to 217, 42 kg of guava and 213,75 kg of coffee. Results indicated the presence of Anastrepha striata Schiner and A. fraterculus (Wied) emerging from guava and coffee. The attack proportion in guava was 91,72% caused by A. striata and only 8,26% caused by A. fraterculus. In coffee A. striata caused 0,85% of the attack while A. fraterculus caused 99,15% of the attack. Male: female ratio was 1:1 for both species. Average percent of total damage per year was 99,86% in 2000 and of 96,20% in 2001 for guava; no statistical differences within years were found. The infestation index [L3/kg of fruit] was 153.3 in the first year and 214,9 in the second year, significant differences among years and localities were found. Percentage of fruit damage was lower in coffee when compared to guava (18,93% in the first year and 22,23% in the second). The infestation [L3/kg] in the first year was 110,6 and 120,83 in the second (P>0.05).

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Sanchez Ventura, Luisanna M., Ijele Adimora, Emani C. Elliot, Titilope Fasipe, and Jonathan M. Flanagan. "Clinical and Hematopoietic Profiles Associated with Sustained Hydroxyurea Response for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-187335.

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Background: Hydroxyurea improves the lives of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) by inducing expression of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Higher HbF levels are associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, there is significant heterogeneity in long-term response to the drug. The impact of quantitative changes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) during hydroxyurea treatment remains poorly characterized. Objectives: (1) Determine the prevalence and clinical impact of declining hydroxyurea response in pediatric patients with SCD; and (2) Characterize HSPC profiles associated with hydroxyurea response. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of longitudinal clinical data from 760 pediatric patients with SCD seen at Texas Children's Hematology Center between 2010-2021. We selected patients consistently on hydroxyurea for >5 years for this study. We classified each subject according to their individual HbF response to hydroxyurea into: 1) Sustained-Response if the patient maintained an absolute HbF level >20% or 2) Decreased-Response if a patient's HbF levels decreased to <10% over time despite medication compliance. We obtained clinical and laboratory hydroxyurea treatment information for each individual. We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood collected from these patients during outpatient appointments. Patients were on a stable hydroxyurea dose without recent blood transfusions prior to collection. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the frequencies of ten HSPC populations in the PBMC samples. Results: In total, 208 children with HbSS or HbSβ 0-Thalassemia were included in our analysis: 148 individuals (71%) had a Sustained Response and 60 (29%) experienced a Decreased Response to hydroxyurea. Subjects with a Decreased Response had a median initial hydroxyurea induced HbF of 23.9% that decreased to 9.8% over time compared to stable values of HbF >20% in the HU-Sustained Response group (p<0.001). These differences were consistent after adjusting for age ( Figure 1). We found that patients who developed a Decreased Response to hydroxyurea experienced a significantly higher incidence of clinical complications, including number of visits to the emergency department (153.3 vs. 120.3 events per 100 patient-years), number of transfusions (37.4 vs. 11.9), and SCD-related hospitalizations (57.7 vs. 42.0). The causes of SCD-related hospitalizations included vaso-occlusive events requiring admission (27.7 vs 21.1 events per 100 patient-years), acute chest syndrome (13 vs 9.9), splenic sequestration (6.4 vs 3.5), and surgical procedures (7.47 vs 3.02). We also profiled HSPCs by flow cytometry using PBMCs collected from a subset of 40 patients (20 Sustained Response individuals vs. 20 Decreased Response). Individuals with a Sustained Response had increased numbers of hematopoietic multipotent cells (51.75% vs. 43%), hematopoietic stem cells positive for CD49F ++ (20.5% vs. 13.55%), and CD235a +/CD71 + cells (11.55% vs. 4.54%). In contrast, individuals with a Decreased Response had an increased percentage of unipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (38.55% vs. 52.9%) and committed megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cells (33.2% vs 46.2%; Figure 2). Conclusions: Nearly 30% of children with SCD taking hydroxyurea had a significant decline in their HbF levels after years of treatment and consequently suffered an increased number of clinical complications. While higher dosages of hydroxyurea may restore some HbF induction in these patients, we have quantified broad changes in specific HSPC levels that may be responsible for this decline in HbF. Patients with a Decreased Response had a lower percentage of multipotent progenitor cells that maintain self-regeneration capacity and increase numbers of committed erythroid progenitor cells. Although many stressors can impact quantitative and functional changes seen in HSPCs, these findings suggest that premature aging of the hematopoietic system plays an important role in long-term hydroxyurea response. Better understanding of why certain individuals are more susceptible to this phenomenon would enable the development of personalized strategies to enhance HbF induction and facilitate early selection of alternative treatments for these individuals with SCD.

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Zhao, Kai, De Ling Chi, Fei Fei Zhang, and Zong Hua Wang. "A Novel Chromogenic System of Pb²⁺ - 4, 5- Dibromo- o- Nitrophenylfluorone in the Coexistence of Carbon Nanotubes and CTMAB." Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.120.

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A novel chromogenic system of Pb2+ with 4, 5- dibromo- o- nitrophenylfluorone (DBONPF) was developed by the synergetic effect of carboxylic carbon nanotubes (c-CNTs) and cationic surfactants CTMAB. The absorption of Pb2+ by DBONPF can be improved by the addition of a nano-material and a surfactant. Comparative experiments proved that the absorption of the complex of Pb- DBONPF was increased by 153.9% due to the conjugated system of the c-CNTs and the solubilization of CTMAB. The proposed method was applied to the determination of pb2+ in cosmetics satisfactorily

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Shao, Hui Ping, Yu Qiang Huang, Hyo Sook Lee, Yong Jae Suh, and Chong Oh Kim. "Synthesis of Monodisperse FePt Nanoparticles at a Low Temperature." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.899.

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Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5 and reduction of Pt(acac)2 at low temperature of 160–180 °C by using kerosene as a solvent. The average sizes of the synthesized particles ranged from 2.2 to 4.4 nm. Thermal annealing of the as-prepared FePt particles at 700 °C for 1 h transformed the crystalline structure of the particles from a disordered face-centered cubic to an ordered face-centered tetragonal. This change led to a significant increase in coercivity from 153.37 to 2273.22 Oe and in saturated magnetization from 26.86 to 41.21 emu/g.

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22

Dung, Hoang Tran, Doan Thanh Tung, Le Thi Thanh Tam, Trinh Quang Dung, Nguyen Thi Yen, Ngo Ba Thanh, Ngo Thanh Dung, Phan Ngoc Hong, and Le Trong Lu. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GO/ZnO ELECTRODE FOR SUPERCAPACITORS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 57, no. 5 (October 8, 2019): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/57/5/13313.

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In this paper, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by solvothermal method. A mixture of ZnO nanoparticles and GO, surfactants, binders are dispersed in aqueous solvent. This suspension was then used as the ink for the modified 3d printer to coat on the graphite substrate to form electrodes. The GO/ZnO film has a specific capacitance of 119.9 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s of CV test. The specific discharge capacitance was 153.9 F/g and retained 94.5% after 3000 cycles of galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) measurement with a current density of 15 mA/cm2.

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23

Yu, Ji Sang, Hyung Jun Kim, Ik Hyun Oh, and Kee Ahn Lee. "Densification and Purification of Cold Sprayed Ti Coating Layer by Using Annealing in Different Heat Treatment Environments." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1604.

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This study investigated the densification and purification properties of cold sprayed titanium coating layer by using annealing in different heat treatment environments. The annealing was conducted at 600°C/1h and three kinds of environments of vacuum, Ar gas, and 5%H2+Ar mixture gas were controlled. Cold sprayed Ti coating layer (as sprayed) represented 6.7% of porosity and 228 HV of hardness. Regardless of gas environments, all of those thermally heat treated coating layers consisted of pure α-Ti and minimal oxide. Vacuum environment during heat treatment represented superior densification properties (3.8% porosity, 156.7 HV) to those of Ar gas (5.3%, 144.5 HV) and 5%H2+Ar mixture gas (5.5%, 153.1 HV). From the results of phase analysis (XRD, EPMA, SEM, EDS), it was found that vacuum environment during heat treatment could be effective for reducing oxide contents (purification) in the Ti coating layer. The characteristic of microstructural evolution with heat treatment found to be different at three different gas environments.

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24

Nishi, KN, S. Rahman, K. Nakamura, and MK Rahman. "Influence of vermicompost and npk on the growth and protein content of boro rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 5, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v5i2.44916.

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Influence of vermicompost (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ton/ha), Nitrogen (12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 kg/ha), phosphorus (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 kg/ha) and potassium (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg/ha) on the growth and protein contents of Boro rice (Oriza sativa L.) was examined. Highest height (93.03cm), leaf number (23 no/plant), highest productive plants observed (8.67 no/pot), vegetative plants (8.0 no/pot), dry weight of panicle per plant (9.45 g), length of panicle (22.37 cm), number of grains per panicle (153.33),1000-grain weight (21.56 g) and the maximum dry weight (28.15 g/plant) were observed in VC10 ton/ha + N12P4K10 kg/ha treatments. Highest concentrations of protein content (29.875%), P (0.478%), K (5.20%) and S (0.182%) were in N60P20K50 kg/ha. Results showed that the overall best growth performance and yield were achieved in VC10 ton/ha + N12P4K10 kg/ha treatments. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 69-74

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Feudjou, William F., Arnaud M. Mbock, Marlyse B. W. Ouahouo, Valérie T. Sielinou, Racéline K. Gounoue, Pierre Mkounga, Bruno N. Lenta, et al. "An Antibacterial Isovaleronitrile Diglycoside From Detarium microcarpum Guill. Perr. (Fabaceae)." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1934578X2093693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20936939.

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A new isovaleronitrile diglycoside, named microcarposide (1), together with 6 known compounds: lupeol (2), betulinic acid (3), β-sitosterol glucoside (4), methyl gallate (5), luteolin (6), and epicatechin (7), was isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruits of Detarium microcarpum Guill. Perr. The structures of the compounds were determined by extensive analysis of 1D- and 2D-1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data in conjunction with mass spectrometry and by comparison with data reported in the literature. Compound 1 was characterized as (2 R)-2-[(6″- O-β-l-rhamnopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-3-methylbutanenitrile. Some of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against several microorganisms; only compound 1 was active against Salmonella typhi, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella typhimurium with minimum inhibition concentration values of 153.4, 76.7, and 76.7 μM, respectively.

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26

Fachruzi, Ismed, and Frans Tony. "SIFAT AIR LINDIAN DAN TANAH SERTA RESPON TANAMAN PADA MODIFIKASI TEKSTUR, TEHNIK PENGAIRAN DAN APLIKASI LIMBAH PERIKANAN PADA TANAH LAHAN BASAH GARAMAN DARI DESA PANTAI HARAPAN TANAH LAUT KALIMANTAN SELATAN UNTUK PRODUKSI BAWANG MERAH DAN SAWI SISTEM POT." EnviroScienteae 19, no. 4 (November 25, 2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v19i4.17919.

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The nature of the soil is massive and saline, not fertile for horticultural crops such as shallots and mustard greens. The soil properties of Tidal Wetland Type-A (direct), the soil sample mentioned above, is known from the analysis results to have an EC value of 153.5 ds/m (very high), Na (1 NH4Oac) 1.21 me/ 100 g soil (very high), pH (1: 5 H2O) 6.74 (neutral), C-organic (Walkley-Black) 2.08% (medium), clay soil texture (clay 76%) and massive structure, Such land is very difficult for agricultural plants such as horticulture to grow, because it is difficult for the soil to pass water and salt which poisons plants. The application of sand, irrigation methods, and organic materials can change the properties of the soil and support the growth of shallots and mustard greens.

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27

Zhang, Peng, Hehe Wang, Pengcheng Xia, Xiaolei Chen, Wei Zhao, Chengqian Wang, Xiao Meng, and Bin Jia. "Synthesis and Characterization of Negative-Tone Photosensitive Polyimides with Low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for Packaging Applications." Polymers 16, no. 13 (June 26, 2024): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16131805.

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Negative-tone photosensitive polyimides (PSPIs) with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were prepared by dissolving polyimide precursor-poly(amide ester) (PAE) resins, photoinitiators, photocrosslinkers and other additives in organic solvents. Using triamine as a monomer and dianhydride and diamine as polycondensates, tri-branched structure PAE resins with different molecular weights named PAE-1~5 were prepared. A series of corresponding PSPI films named PSPI-1~5 were prepared from PAE-1~5 resins with the same formulation, respectively. The PSPI-1~5 films prepared from resins of this structure have excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties after being thermally cured at 350 °C/2 h in nitrogen. The PSPI-1~5 films’ coating solution also show good photolithographic performance and are able to obtain photolithographic patterns with a resolution of about 10 μm after homogenization, exposure and development. Among the PSPI-1~5 films, PSPI-2 has the most excellent lithographic properties with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2.9 × 104 g/mol, a CTE of 41 ppk/°C, a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 343 °C and a 5% weight loss temperature (Td5) of 520 °C, making it suitable for industrial scale-up. The mechanical properties of elongation at breakage of 42.4%, tensile moduli of 3.4 GPa and tensile strength of 153.7 MPa were also measured.

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28

Al-Juwaiser, Ibtehal A., Nouria A. Al-Awadi, and Osman ME El-Dusouqui. "Gas-phase pyrolysis of thiopheneacetic acids, thienylethanols, and related compounds protophilicity of ring π-electrons and relative acidities of hydrogen-bond donors of hydroxyl groups." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-067.

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Based on kinetic data of thermal gas-phase elimination reactions, the following Arrhenius log A (s1) and Ea (kJ mol1) values, respectively, are obtained: 10.76 and 153.5 for 3-thiopheneacetic acid (1), 10.08 and 149.4 for 2-thiopheneacetic acid (2), 12.04 and 207.1 for 2-(3-thienyl)ethanol (3), 11.55 and 203.3 for 2-(2-thienyl)ethanol (4), 10.91 and 123.4 for 2-thiopheneglyoxylic acid (5), 11.05 and 223.8 for 1-(2-thienyl)propan-1-one (6), and 10.33 and 149.8 for 3-thiophenemalonic acid (7). The products of these pyrolytic reactions were either carbon dioxide or formaldehyde in addition to methylthiophene or thiophenecarboxaldehyde. Both positional and molecular reactivities of the substrates and related compounds are compared, and the results are rationalized on the basis of a reaction pathway involving a concerted six-membered transition state.Key words: thiophenes, gas-phase, pyrolysis, kinetics, mechanism.

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29

Singh, Sarvesh Kumar, Neelima Mishra, Govind Nayak, and Parulben Mehta. "Synthesis of Schiff bases Derivatives of 1,3-oxazepine and Evaluation of Antioxidant Action In vitro." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 39, no. 5 (October 30, 2023): 1367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/390534.

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The objective of this work was to synthesize new 1,3-oxazepine derivatives and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds. The synthesis of Schiff’s base of oxazepine was achieved in four steps involving condensation of aniline and benzaldehyde followed by (2+5) cycloaddition occurs between the imine and anhydride leading to the formation of 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-dione. Later the oxazepine dione undergoes condensation with thiosemicarbazide and finally nucleophilic addition of active carbonyl group to form Schiff’s bases. The synthesized compounds 8a-e were obtained in yield ranging from 69-77%. The antioxidant activity of the compounds was evaluated at various concentrations (100-500µg/mL) using DPPH radical scavenging assay and hydroxy radical scavenging assay. The compounds had IC50 in the range of 34.297 µg to 131.04 µg in the DPPH scavenging assay whereas the IC50 ranged of 49.943 µg to 153.13 µg in the hydroxy radical scavenging assay.

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30

Umam, Hilman Imadul, Akfiny Hasdi Aimon, and Ferry Iskandar. "Preliminary Study of the Effect Microwave-Heating on the Morphology and Surface Area of NaX Zeolite." Materials Science Forum 895 (March 2017): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.895.69.

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The effect of microwave-heating on the morphology and surface area of NaX zeolite was studied. The characteristics of NaX zeolite, which has a porous structure, make NaX zeolite applicable as a catalyst. Generally, the process of NaX zeolite formation with an FAU-type structure, either naturally or synthetically, requires quite a long time. Therefore, in this research the effect of microwave heating on the produced sample was investigated using XRD, SEM, and BET surface area measurement. The heating time parameter was varied to determine the optimal conditions for the synthesis of NaX zeolite. The results indicated that microwave-heating is capable of accelerating the crystallization process and reduce the agglomeration of NaX zeolite, as shown by the XRD and SEM results. Based on the SEM result, the particle size distributions of the samples microwave-heated for 1, 3, and 5 minutes, were 350.5, 262.5, and 243.9 nm respectively. In addition, prolonging the microwave-heating time made the surface area of the samples become larger. The specific surface area of the samples microwave-heated for 1, 3, and 5 minutes, 55.9, 153.5, and 204.1 m2/g respectively.

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Weller, Frank, Hak-Chul Kang, Werner Massa, Thilo Rübenstahl, Frank Kunkel, and Kurt Dehnicke. "Die Kristallstrukturen der silylierten Phosphanimine Me3SiNPPh3 und Me3SiNPPh2 - C2H4 - PPh2NSiMe3 / Crystal Structures of the Silylated Phosphanimines Me3SiNPPh3 und Me3SiNPPh2 - C2H4 - PPh2NSiMe3." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1050–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0711.

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The crystal structures of two silylated phosphanimines have been determined. Me3SiNPPh3: Space group P 1̃, Z = 2, structure refinement with 2907 observed unique reflections with Fo > 5 σ(Fo), R = 0.052. Lattice dimensions at 19 °C: a = 876.6(1), b = 1125.8(1), c = 1151.2(1) pm, α = 61.71(1)°, β = 88.08(1)°, γ = 87.18(1)°. The compound forms monomeric molecules with a SiNP bond angle of 140.2° and bond lengths PN of 154.2 pm and SiN of 168.6 pm which correspond with PN double and SiN single bonds. Me3SiNPPh2 - C2H4 -PPh2N SiMe3: Space group P31, Z = 3, structure refinement with 4251 independent reflections, R = 0.061 for 3587 reflections with I > 2σ(I). Lattice dimensions at - 80 °C: a = b = 1591.4(1), c = 1165.8(1) pm. The compound forms monomeric molecules with a c/s-conformation of the PNSiMe3 groups. Bond angles and bond lengths (average) are SiNP = 140.8°, PN = 153.8 pm, SiN = 165.6 pm.

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32

Zhao, Xiao-Chong, Pan Yang, Tao Ding, Li-Jun Yang, Xianmin Mai, Huiyuan Chen, Gang Wang, et al. "Hydrothermally Synthesized Li4Ti5O12 Nanotubes Anode Material with Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Performances." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 7387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16668.

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Hollow Li4Ti5O12 nanotubes were synthesized by stirring in a heated oil bath using P25 as titanium source and lithium hydroxide as lithium source. The as-prepared samples displayed a nanotube structure, with diameter of about 20~50 nm and length of 0.4 μm. The specific surface area of as-prepared samples reached 153.2 m2g−1. It is demonstrated that the Li4Ti5O12 nanotubes with improved performance can be obtained by hollow structure and high specific surface area. In consequence, it delivered a high reversible initial discharge capacity of 174.2 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C rate. A stable capacity of 170.9 mAh g−1 was delivered when the rate was reduced back to 0.5 C, suggesting good structural stability of the nanocable, high reversibility even after high rate charge– discharge, and good cycle stability. In addition, a capacity of 134.9 mAh g−1 and 98 mAhg−1 could be retained at a high rate of 5 C and 10 C, indicating excellent rate performances.

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Devi, M. Jahnavi Eshwari, Anoorag R. Tayde, and Kadathatla Persis Herald. "Comparative Efficacy of Selected Chemicals and Neem Oil against Okra Shoot and Fruit Borer [Earias vittella (Fabricius)] on Okra." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 9 (August 1, 2023): 2539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92488.

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The field investigation was carried out in Kharif season of 2022 at Central Research Farm (CRF), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments each replicated thrice viz., Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (5 g/lit), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (0.5-1 ml/lit), Flubendiamide 480 SC (0.3 ml/lit), Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (1 ml/2.5 lit), Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (0.5 ml/lit), Neem oil @2% (20 ml/lit), Spinosad 45% SC (0.3-0.4 ml/lit), and control plot. The result revealed that among all the treatments lowest percent shoot infestation and fruit infestation of okra shoot and fruit borer was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (13.90%), (13.11%) at both sprayers followed by Spinosad 45% SC (15.89%), (14.25%), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (16.59%), (15.02%), Flubendiamide 480 SC (17.27%), (15.30%), Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (17.44%), (16.63%), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (19.09%), (16.97%), Neem oil @2% (19.21%), (17.23%) and Control (30.87%), (25.44%). The highest yield and cost benefit ratio was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (158.33 q/ha), (1:6.1) followed by Spinosad 45% SC (153.33 q/ha), (1:5.4), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (133.33 q/ha), (1:5.3), Flubendiamide 480 SC (116.66 q/ha), (1:4.7), Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (105 q/ha), (1:4.2), Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5% EC (83.33 q/ha), (1:3.3), Neem oil @2% (70 q/ha), (1:2.8) and Control plot (33.33 q/ha), (1:1.3).

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Lu, Ning, Nanfang Zeng, Ning Su, Ling Chen, Jie Chen, Carine M. Vier, Wayne R. Cast, et al. "28 Investigation of protein deposition pattern of PIC337×Camborough commercial pigs." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2024): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.085.

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Abstract The objective of the trial was to investigate the protein deposition pattern of PIC337×Camborough commercial pigs. A total of 1,064 barrows and gilts [PIC337×Camborough, initial body weight (BW) = 6.0 ± 0.1 kg] were used in the trial with 38 mixed sex pens, 28 pigs per pen. At the beginning of the trial, the lightest 10% of the barrows and gilts were selected and placed in four pens (equal numbers of barrows and gilts within a pen), and the remaining pigs were randomly placed into the other pens (equal numbers of barrows and gilts within a pen). A common 6-phase corn-soybean based wean-to-finish diets were fed throughout the trial. Dietary net energy and standardized ileal digestible lysine levels were (6-10 kg BW: 2,600 Kcal/kg and 1.35%; 10-20 kg BW: 2,520 Kcal/kg and 1.30%; 20-38 kg BW: 2,470 Kcal/kg and 1.20%; 38-72 kg BW: 2,450 Kcal/kg and 0.98%; 72-127 kg BW: 2,450 Kcal/kg and 0.87%; and 127-149 kg BW: 2,450 Kcal/kg and 0.77%). On d 97 after placement, 5 barrows and 5 gilts with BW close to pen average were selected for individual BW by a portable scale and 10th rib backfat and loin depth measurements (ExaGo portable ultrasound scanner, Imv imaging, UK). Then on d 111, 117, 136, 142, and 167 after placement, the same 5 barrows and 5 gilts were measured for individual BW, 10th rib backfat and loin depth. The fat-free lean mass is estimated by the equation 6.783-0.6198×(10th rib backfat depth, mm)+0.1578×(10th rib loin depth, mm)+1.0362×(warm carcass weight, kg). A constant carcass yield of 75% was used to estimate warm carcass weight. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model in R Studio (Version 3.5.2, R Core Team; Vienna, Austria). The average BW of pigs at the 6 measurements were: 77.2, 92.4, 99.2, 122.5, 128.0, and 153.6 kg, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) was 1,139, 1,155, 1,145, 1,126, and 977 g/d for 77.2 to 92.4 kg BW, 92.4 to 99.2 kg BW, 99.2 to 122.5 kg BW, 122.5 to 128.0 kg BW, and 128.0 to 153.6 kg BW, respectively. The average daily 10th rib backfat depth gain was 0.05, 0.08, 0.15, 0.17, and 0.20 mm/d. The average daily 10th rib loin depth gain was 0.42, 0.43, 0.41, 0.39, and 0.23 mm/d. The average daily fat-free lean mass gain (ADFFLG) was 547, 551, 528, 515, and 422 g/d. The fitted quadratic model for ADG is 83.57782 + 19.90632 × (BW, kg)-0.09176×(BW, kg)2, and the calculated maximum ADG was 1,163 g/d when BW was 108.5 kg. The fitted quadratic model for ADFFLG is 85.90926 + 9.23773 × (BW, kg) - 0.04591 × (BW, kg)2, and the calculated maximum ADFFLG is 550.6 g/d when BW was 100.6 kg. Under the conditions of the current trial, PIC337×Camborough pigs reaches the maximum rate of protein deposition at BW between 100.6 and 108.5 kg.

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Fazal, Aliya, and Uzaira Rafique. "Mechanistic study of Cd adsorption through esterification and acetylation of novel biosorbent Gallus Domesticus chemically modified biomaterial for heavy metal." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 4, no. 2 (December 16, 2013): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.033.

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The inevitable expansion of industries for development is at the cost of release of industrial pollutants into the natural reservoirs of the environment. Biosorption is becoming an important component in the integrated approach to the treatment of aqueous effluents. The adsorption properties of Gallus Domesticus are determined as a function of batch operating conditions including contact time, solution initial concentration and temperature. Metal ion fixed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum depicted amine, alcohol, carboxyl, and carbonate ion as active sites for metal sorption. Augmentation of removal capacity to 5 and 17% is tailored by esterification and acetylation of different surface functional groups of the base matrix. Kinetics is dissected through diffusion-based kinetic models, and best fit was figured out for Elovich equation. The thermodynamic relationship draws that enthalpy (ΔH° 45.48 KJ/mol) and entropy (ΔS° 153.32 J/mol K) are positive and entropy of the system is much larger than enthalpy. Results propose alteration of domestic waste into economical adsorbent for commercialization with no processing in the efficient removal of cadmium from wastewater.

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Lecca, Luigi Isaia, Gabriele Marcias, Michele Uras, Federico Meloni, Nicola Mucci, Francesca Larese Filon, Giorgio Massacci, Giorgio Buonanno, Pierluigi Cocco, and Marcello Campagna. "Response of the Cardiac Autonomic Control to Exposure to Nanoparticles and Noise: A Cross-Sectional Study of Airport Ground Staff." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052507.

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Airport activity causes the emission of particulate matter and noise, two environmental contaminants and potential health hazards, particularly for the personnel operating nearby taxiways. We explored the association between exposure to fine/ultrafine particles (UFPs) and noise with heart rate variability (HRV), an early indicator of cardiovascular autonomic response, among a sample of airport ground staff. Between May and June 2018, thirty-four male operators (mean age = 43 years and SD = 6.7) underwent personal monitoring of exposure to nanoparticles and noise, and HRV during their work activity. We conducted univariate and multivariate analysis to test the effect of UFP and noise exposure HRV. Total Lung Deposition Surface Area (LDSA) was significantly associated with a decrease in HRV Total Power and Triangular index (β = −0.038 p = 0.016 and β = −7.8 × 10−5, p = 0.042, respectively). Noise peak level showed an opposite effect, which was significant for Total Power (β = 153.03, p = 0.027), and for Triangular index (β = 0.362, p = 0.035). Further investigation is warranted to clarify the effect of the concurrent exposure to UFPs and noise on early changes of cardiac autonomic regulation.

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37

Reaich, D., S. M. Channon, C. M. Scrimgeour, and T. H. Goodship. "Ammonium chloride-induced acidosis increases protein breakdown and amino acid oxidation in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 263, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): E735—E739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1992.263.4.e735.

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The effect of acidosis on whole body protein turnover was determined from the kinetics of infused L-[1-13C]leucine. Seven healthy subjects were studied before (basal) and after (acid) the induction of acidosis with 5 days oral ammonium chloride (basal pH 7.42 +/- 0.01, acid pH 7.35 +/- 0.03). Bicarbonate recovery, measured from the kinetics of infused NaH13CO3, was increased in the acidotic state (basal 72.9 +/- 1.2 vs. acid 77.6 +/- 1.6%; P = 0.06). Leucine appearance from body protein (PD), leucine disappearance into body protein (PS), and leucine oxidation (O) increased significantly (PD: basal 120.5 +/- 5.6 vs. acid 153.9 +/- 6.2, P < 0.01; PS: basal 98.8 +/- 5.6 vs. acid 127.0 +/- 4.7, P < 0.01; O: basal 21.6 +/- 1.1 vs. acid 26.9 +/- 2.3 mumol.kg-1.h-1, P < 0.01). Plasma levels of the amino acids threonine, serine, asparagine, citrulline, valine, leucine, ornithine, lysine, histidine, arginine, and hydroxyproline increased significantly with the induction of acidosis. These results confirm that acidosis in humans is a catabolic factor stimulating protein degradation and amino acid oxidation.

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Morgunov, Nikolas S., and David J. Hirsch. "Adenylate cyclase uncoupled β-adrenergic receptors in salamander proximal tubules." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 68, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y90-131.

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The isolated perfused proximal tubule of the neotenic salamander Ambystoma tigrinum responds with either a hyperpolarization or depolarization of both the basolateral cell membrane and transepithelial potentials following the addition of 10−5 M isoproterenol to the bath superfusate. Both responses were blocked by 10−6 M propranolol but neither response was mimicked by 10−4 M cAMP. β-Adrenergic binding studies of individual microdissected proximal tubules using (−)-[3H]CGP-12177 as a hydrophyllic radioligand and (±)-timolol (0.1 mM) as the displacer drug revealed two distinct populations of proximal tubules possessing either low (KD = 153.8 nM; Bmax = 110.2 fM/mm) or high affinity (KD = 12.0 nM; Bmax = 3.9 fM/mm) binding characteristics. Competition studies indicated that the bound (−)-[3H]CGP-12177 behaved as a typical β-adrenergic ligand, being displaced by (−)-isoproterenol but not by (+)-isoproterenol or (−)phenylephrine. However, neither appeared to be coupled to the adenylate cyclase system. These data suggest the presence of functional β-adrenergic receptors that do not appear to be coupled to the adenylate cyclase system.Key words: proximal tubule, β-receptors, adenylate cyclase.

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39

Kouitcheu Mabeku, Laure brigitte, Bertrand Eyoum Bille, and Eveline Nguepi. "In VitroandIn VivoAnti-HelicobacterActivities ofEryngium foetidum(Apiaceae),Bidens pilosa(Asteraceae), andGalinsoga ciliata(Asteraceae) againstHelicobacter pylori." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2171032.

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This study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of extracts ofBidens pilosa, Galinsoga ciliata,andEryngium foetidumagainst 6 clinical strains ofHelicobacter pylori in vitroandin vivo. Broth microdilution method was usedin vitro.In vivo, Swiss mice were inoculated withH.pyloriand divided into 5 groups; the control group received the vehicle and the four others received 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of methanol extract ofEryngium foetidumand ciprofloxacin (500 mg/kg) for 7 days, respectively.Helicobacter pyloricolonization and number of colonies in gastric biopsies culture were assessed on days 1 and 7 after treatment. The lowest MIC value (64 μg/mL) and the best spectrum of bactericidal effect (MBC/MIC = 1) were obtained with the methanol extract ofEryngium foetidum. The number ofH.pyloriinfected animals was 17% (plant-extract) and 0% (ciprofloxacin) compared to 100% for the infected untreated group. Plant-extract (381.9±239.5 CFU) and ciprofloxacin (248±153.2 CFU) significantly reduced bacterial load in gastric mucosa compared to untreated, inoculated mice (14350±690 CFU).Conclusion. The present data provided evidence that methanol extract ofEryngium foetidumcould be a rich source of metabolites with antimicrobial activity to fightHelicobacter pyloriinfections.

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Vikasari, Suci Nar, Elin Yulinah Sukandar, Tri Suciati, and I. Ketut Adnyana. "Antiinflammation and Antioxidant Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Ageratum conyzoides Leaves." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1104, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1104/1/012024.

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Abstract Traditionally, Ageratum conyzoides is used to treat several inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatism and as wounds healing. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of 50% ethanol extract of A.conyzoides leaves. Anti-inflammatory assay was carried out in vivo using the 1% carrageenan induction method. The animals were divided into 5 groups, control, diclofenac sodium, extract at doses of 22.5, 45 and 90 mg/kg BW. Antioxidant activity was assayed by the DPPH method. The results showed that the extract at all doses gave an anti-inflammatory effect compared to the control (p<0.05), where the best results were given by extract doses of 45 and 90 mg/kg BW and equivalent to the comparison of diclofenac sodium (p>0.05). The results of the DPPH showed that the IC50 of the extract was 153.63 μg/ml and the antioxidant activity index value was 0.52 with moderate antioxidant activity. It is expected that antioxidant activity may play a role with anti-inflammatory effect of A.conyzoides ethanol extract.

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Cahyono, Christian, and Loviandy Rusli. "Flood Mapping Potential Areas Using HEC-RAS Software (Case Study: Kota Lama of Semarang)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1324, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1324/1/012100.

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Abstract Semarang has experienced floods every year, with a peak in the rainy season. At the end of 2022, there was heavy rain which caused the East Flood Canal River to overflow. As a result, the floods inundated several areas in Semarang City, including Kota Lama of Semarang. This study aims to determine the value of the designed discharge, the area of the flood inundation that occurred and the flood inundation map for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. The methodology of this research consist of hydrological analysis, hydrological modelling with HEC-HMS and hydraulics modelling with HEC-RAS and integration with ArcGIS. In this study, it was found that for a return period of 2 years the planned flood discharge value was 153.7 m3/second with an inundation area of 406 Ha and a flood height of 17 cm to 68 cm, up to a return period of 100 years with a planned flood discharge value of 455.7 m3/second with an inundation area of 796 Ha and a flood height of 83 cm to 180 cm.

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42

Alghamdi, Abdulaziz G., Bandar H. Aljohani, and Anwar A. Aly. "Impacts of Olive Waste-Derived Biochar on Hydro-Physical Properties of Sandy Soil." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105493.

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In this study, waste olive leaves and branches were pyrolyzed to produced biochar, and their impacts on physical and chemical properties of a sandy soil were evaluated. Pyrolytic temperatures of 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C were used for biochar production. After evaluating the physio-chemical properties, the produced biochars were added to the top 10 cm layer of the soil at rates of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% in a column experiment at 25 °C. Biochar was mixed with a sandy soil into the top 10 cm of the columns. For all treatments, cumulative evaporation was reduced; however, treatments with 5% biochar prepared at the highest temperatures showed the highest impact. The available water contents were increased by 153.33% and 151.11% when olive branch-derived biochar and olive leaves-derived biochars produced at 500 °C were applied at 5% rate, respectively. No impact of available water was observed for 1% biochar contribution. Biochar application decreased both cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate. Biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C most intensely improved hydro-physical properties of a sandy soil. However, its application as a soil supplement in arid environments should be adopted with constraints due to its high pH (9.69 and 9.29 for biochar pyrolyzed at the highest temperatures) and salinity (up to electrical conductivity = 5.07 dS m−1). However, the salinity of biochar prepared from olive branches (5%, pyrolyzed at 500 °C) was low (0.79 dS m−1); therefore, it can be used safely as a supplement in saline and acidic soils, but with restriction in alkaline soils.

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43

Patel, Parth, and Yadvendrakumar Agrawal. "Preparation and In-vitro Evaluation of Levan Micelles: A Polyfructan Based Nano-carrier for Breast Cancer Targeted Delivery." Drug Delivery Letters 9, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303109666190102115814.

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Background: Levans are biopolymers of fructose, produced by different microorganisms. Fructose present in the levan micelles binds with the Glucose Transporter 5 (GLUT 5) which is overexpressed in the breast cancer cells. Objective: Increased solubility of paclitaxel by loading in the GLUT 5 transporter targeted levan-based micelles may enhance its bioavailability and facilitate a targeted delivery to the breast cancer cells. Methods and Results: Critical micelle concentration of levan with an average molecular weight of 800,000 Dalton was found to be 0.125µM corresponding to 0.1mg/mL using pyrene I3/I1 method. At critical micelle concentration (CMC), levan formed very mono-disperse (PDI-0.082) micellar particles with a particle size of 153.1 ± 2.31nm and -14.6 ± 2mV zeta potential. In-vitro drug release study was performed to identify the fit kinetic model along with Fourier transform infrared analysis and Differential scanning calorimetry studies. In-vitro kinetic model fitting revealed first-order drug release from the prepared micellar composition. The drug-loaded micellar composition was studied for its anticancer activity in breast cancer cell line. The IC50 value obtained was 1.525 ± 0.11nM on MCF7 cell line. Conclusion: Paclitaxel micelles showed a nineteen-fold improvement in the IC50 value compared to free paclitaxel. Hemocompatibility study was performed with a view to parenteral administration. This solution containing drug was found to be hemocompatible when added to bovine blood in 1:4 ration. Micelles are proven fairly compatible on the basis of hemolysis test results.

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44

Ramamurthy, Poornashree, Naveen Kumar, and Aheed Osman. "Epidemiology, neurological and functional outcome of concomitant traumatic brain and spinal cord injury: An Oswestry experience." Trauma 19, no. 1_suppl (July 18, 2017): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408617718868.

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Background Concomitant traumatic brain injury with spinal cord injury is likely to worsen prognosis and increase hospital length of stay. This study assessed the duration of in-patient rehabilitation and outcome in patients with both traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. Methods Retrospective study of all patients with concomitant traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury over a 3-year period who had 5 years of subsequent follow-up at the Midlands Centre for Spinal Injuries. Results Twenty-seven patients had concomitant injuries of which five had severe traumatic brain injury, nine had moderate traumatic brain injury and the remaining thirteen had mild traumatic brain injury with spinal cord injury of grades A–D; commonest mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle collision (55%) and falls (37%). Thirteen (48%) had tetraplegia and 14 (52%) had paraplegia. Mean functional independence measure score at admission was 52.1 and 103.4 at 5 years. Patients with mild traumatic brain injury gained a mean functional independence measure score of 67.1; the moderate and severe traumatic brain injury patients gained mean functional independence measure score of 60.1 and 69.2, respectively. The mean length of stay was 138.3, 139.4 and 153.4 days for mild, moderate and severe traumatic brain injury, respectively. Conclusion Hospital length of stay and patient’s functioning at 5 years were not affected by traumatic brain injury severity in this subgroup; however, functional independence measure on its own may not be very sensitive to cognitive deficits.

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45

Smith, Gareth J., Edward C. Rhodes, and Robert H. Langill. "The Effect of Pre-exercise Glucose Ingestion on Performance during Prolonged Swimming." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 12, no. 2 (June 2002): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.12.2.136.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if pre-exercise glucose ingestion would improve distance swimming performance. Additionally, pre-exercise glucose was provided at 2 different feeding intervals to investigate the affects of the timing of administration. Ten male triathletes (: age, 29.5 ± 5.0 years; V̇O2peak, 48.8 ± 3.2 ml · kg’1 · min’) swam 4000 m on 3 occasions following the consumption of either a 10% glucose solution 5 min prior to exercise (G5), a 10% glucose solution 35 min prior to exercise (G35), or a similar volume of placebo (PL). Despite a significant difference (p < ,01) in blood glucose concentration prior to exercise ( in mmol · L ’: G" 8.4 ± 1.1 vs. G5 5.2 ± 0.5 or PL 5.3 ± 0.4), no significant differences were observed in total time ( in minutes: G* 70.7 ± 7.6, Gs 70.1 ± 7.6. PL 71.9 ± 8.4). post-exercise blood glucose ( inmmol · L−1: G35 5.1 ± 1.1, G5 5.1 ± 0.9, PL 5.3 ± 0.4), and average heart rate ( in bpnv.G" 155.8±10.8, G5 153.6±12.6. PL 152.0± 12.5; p > .05). While not reaching statistical significance, glucose feedings did result in improved individual performance times, ranging from 24 s to 5 min in 8 of the 10 subjects compared to the placebo. These results were found despite significant differences in blood glucose between trials immediately prior to exercise.

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46

Belaj, F. "Structure and Motion of Tetrakis(trichlorophosphazeno)phosphonium Hexachlorophosphate, [P(NPCl3)4]+PCl6 −, at 93 K." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 53, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768197005429.

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[P(NPCl3)4]+PCl^{-}_{6}, M r = 880.02, monoclinic, P21/m, a = 7.720 (2), b = 21.235 (5), c = 8.248 (2) Å, \beta = 91.12 (2)°, V = 1351.9 (6) Å3, Z = 2, D x = 2.162 Mg m−3, \lambda(Mo K\alpha) = 0.71069 Å, T = 93 K, R = 0.0497, S = 1.007 for 4536 unique observed reflections and 140 parameters. The cations and anions show site symmetries of C s (m) and C i (\overline 1), respectively. The P—N bond lengths in the NPCl3 groups are distinctly shorter [1.515 (4)–1.532 (4) Å] than those attached to the central P atom [1.595 (2)–1.611 (4) Å], the P—Cl bond lengths are 1.961 (1)–1.975 (1) Å in the cations and 2.132 (1)–2.142 (1) Å in the anions; the P—N—P angles lie in the range 132.5 (2)–142.9 (3)°. The structure is a derivative of the CsCl structure type showing interionic distances of 3.314 (1)–3.414 (1) Å, between the Cl atoms. The differences between the angles P—Clcation...Clanion [153.38 (5)–168.28 (5)°] and P—Clanion...Clcation [102.30 (3)–116.35 (4)°] are very probably caused by the arrangement of the lone pairs at the Cl atoms. The thermal motion analysis showed that the anion behaves as a rigid body {R u = [\Sigmaw(\DeltaU)2/\Sigmaw(U obs)2]1/2 = 0.024}, whereas the cation does not (R u = 0.347). Allowing three intramolecular torsions the residual index R u for the cation could be lowered to 0.184.

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47

Bento, Juliana Aparecida Correia, Olivia Reis Teixeira, Fernando Araújo Ribeiro, José Manoel Colombari Filho, Rosângela Nunes Carvalho, and Priscila Zaczuk Bassinello. "Technological properties of aromatic Basmati rice accessions." DELOS: Desarrollo Local Sostenible 17, no. 55 (May 29, 2024): e1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/rdelosv17.n55-026.

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The objective of this study was to characterize the paste profile of basmati-style aromatic rice accessions. The evaluation of the 56 rice accessions by the Mean of Distances Method yielded seven groups of rice accessions based on the evaluated parameters (elongation, apparent amylose content (AAC), aroma, and paste properties). Group 1 was represented by the control sample IRGA417, a non-aromatic cultivar with the highest AAC (22.5%). The aromatic cultivars Jasmine, Empasc 104, IAC500, and Jasmine85 constituted the third group. Group 4 consisted of 41 Basmati accessions and exhibited the highest average elongation ratio (greater than 2.0). Groups 3 and 4 exhibited comparable aroma scores (2.9 and 2.8, respectively) and retrogradation processes (final viscosity: 285.37 and 291.26 RVU, and setback: 136.84 and 166.01 RVU, respectively). Group 5 was constituted with seven Basmati accessions, while groups 6 and 7 were formed with one and two Basmati accessions, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 exhibited comparable paste properties, with peak viscosities of 186.06 and 153.1 RVU, respectively, and final viscosities of 210.27 and 236.7 RVU, respectively, which were lower than those observed in the other groups. In contrast, group 7 exhibited intermediate parameters between the control IRGA417 and groups 3 and 4. Groups 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were classified as low amylose grains, with an AAC of 12-20%. The Basmati accession (group 4) exhibited a comparable paste profile, with a notable distinction in its high elongation, aroma, and low AAC. Consequently, these cultivars may be well accepted by consumers of aromatic rice.

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Yankovskaya, V. S., N. I. Dunchenko, E. S. Voloshina, S. V. Kuptsova, K. V. Mikhaylova, and M. A. Ginzburg. "The development of formulation for curd products based on the methodology of risk qualimetry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012071.

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Abstract The authors suggest a new approach to the development of curd products formulation. The approach is based on the methodology of "risk qualimetry" which uses information-matrix models. Defect names are revealed and ranked by the detection rate, as well as reasons for the complaints about the curd products quality that had been coming from retail chains within 5 years. Moreover, the information-matrix model of the influence of the recipe ingredients on the risks of complaints about the curd product quality was presented. The values of the importance indicators were determined and the formulation factors were ranked: low-fat cottage cheese (185.8 points), a structurant (153.9), a functional ingredient (100.3), sugar syrup (60.0) and cream (54.2). The choice of a functional component and a structure former was substantiated. Those components would not only increase the nutritional value of the product, but also minimize the risks of inconsistencies. The formulation of a new curd product with functional components was developed: fat-free curd (65.0%), cream (24.3%), sugar syrup (8.0%), oats cryopowder (1.2%) and red grapes cryopowder (1.5%). The organoleptic evaluation of the prototype model showed high consumer properties.

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Dudhat, Jemisha, Napapohn Kajadpai, Jirameth Angchuan, Varunya Sakpuntoon, and Nantana Srisuk. "Diversity of Yeasts from Food Waste and Their Potential for Thermotolerance and Hydrolytic Enzyme Production." Chiang Mai Journal of Science 51, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2024.012.

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The diversity of yeasts isolated from food waste at 40 °C was investigated and a total of 393 isolates were obtained. Yeasts were identifi ed using the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene analysis. Only one (0.25%) basidiomycetous yeast was found, whereas the rest of the yeast isolates (99.75%) were ascomycetous. Candida tropicalis was the most prevalent species, with the highest frequency of occurrence, 86.67%, and the highest relative frequency, 26.97%. The yeast community in food waste exhibits great species diversity and evenness, as shown by the Shannon– Wiener index of 3.03 and Shannon’s Equitability index of 0.89. All yeast isolates were screened for their thermotolerance. Among 393 yeast isolates, 114 were found to be thermotolerant. Three yeasts, viz. Candida parapsilosis JS2-5, Wickerhamiella infanticola JS2-2, and C. parapsilosis JED8-65 were found to be high amylase, lipase, and protease producers on agar plates, yielding 946.97 ± 29.35 amylase U/mL, 153.93 ± 5.43 lipase U/mL, and 7.86 ± 0.02 protease U/mL under submerged cultivation at 40 °C. The overall fi ndings emphasize the species diversity of the yeast community and hydrolytic enzyme-producing capabilities within the thermotolerant yeast of food waste.

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50

Zhang, Guimin, Xinling Liu, Jian Xu, Guoliang Cheng, and Juntang Xu. "Comparative analysis of cost–effectiveness between isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide: a retrospective real-world evaluation." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 9, no. 6 (April 2020): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2019-0099.

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Abstract:

Aim: The cost–effectiveness of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in real-world use in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD; either angina pectoris or myocardial infarction) was retrospectively compared. Method: In this retrospective real-world evaluation, patients with established CHD satisfying the following criteria were selected from information system of two tertiary hospitals in China: with pharmacy claiming for at least one injection of 5-ISMN or ISDN between July 2008 and May 2017; and, CHD patients. By using propensity score matching (PSM), we compared clinical aspects of efficacy, safety, length of hospital stay and cost during hospitalization between 5-ISMN and ISDN group. All data were processed by R statistical package v.2.13.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Result: Of 5609 patients selected, 4047 received 5-ISMN and 1562 received ISDN. After PSM, we acquired 1555 pairs based on balancing of age, sex, insurance and comorbidities on admission. The frequency (4.2 ± 6.6-times vs 6.5 ± 9.5-times; p < 0.05) and total dosage (47.5 ± 153.4 vs 136.4 ± 261.0 mg; p < 0.05) of sublingual nitroglycerin use decreased and hypotension incidence lowered (8.0 vs 13.0%; p < 0.05) in 5-ISMN group compared with ISDN group. Hospital stay (16.0 ± 11.3 days vs 17.7 ± 13.2; p < 0.05) and hospitalization expenditure ([the ratio of cost in the study to the average hospitalization cost in the city] [odds ratio: 2.5 vs 2.6; p < 0.05]) were reduced in 5-ISMN group as with that of ISDN group. Moreover, the main component of hospitalization cost was medical consumables and medications in both the groups. Conclusion: In the present retrospective real-world evaluation, by using PSM analysis, we found that newer injection agent of 5-ISMN was associated with fewer use of sublingual nitroglycerin, less hypotension incidence, shorter length of hospital stay and less hospitalization expenditure related to its comparator ISDN in patients with established CHD. Further evaluation and clinical experience are need in different circumference for the usage of ISDN.

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