Relevant bibliographies by topics / 150101 International agreements on trade

Academic literature on the topic '150101 International agreements on trade'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "150101 International agreements on trade"

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Kohl, Tristan, Steven Brakman, and Harry Garretsen. "Do Trade Agreements Stimulate International Trade Differently? Evidence from 296 Trade Agreements." World Economy 39, no. 1 (June 29, 2015): 97–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12272.

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Poot, Jacques, and Anna Strutt. "International Trade Agreements and International Migration." World Economy 33, no. 12 (December 2010): 1923–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2010.01299.x.

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Barbier, Edward B. "Biodiversity, trade and international agreements." Journal of Economic Studies 27, no. 1/2 (February 2000): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000005310.

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Peacock, Claire, Karolina Milewicz, and Duncan Snidal. "Boilerplate in International Trade Agreements." International Studies Quarterly 63, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 923–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz069.

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Abstract New international agreements often recycle language from previous agreements, using boilerplate solutions alongside customized provisions. The presence of boilerplate in international agreements has important implications for understanding how international rules are made. The determinants behind boilerplate in international agreements have not previously been systematically evaluated. Using original data from a sample of 348 preferential trade agreements (PTAs) adopted between 1989 and 2009, we combine novel text analysis measures with Latent Order Logistic (LOLOG) graph network techniques to assess the determinants behind boilerplate in labor and environmental provisions commonly found in PTAs. Our results indicate that whereas boilerplate can be used for both efficiency and distributive purposes, international boilerplate is used primarily for efficiency gains and power-distribution considerations are not systematically important.
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Martins, Filipe, Alberto A. Pinto, and Jorge P. Zubelli. "Welfare–Balanced International Trade Agreements." Mathematics 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11010040.

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In this work, we consider a classic international trade model with two countries and one firm in each country. The game has two stages: in the first stage, the governments of each country use their welfare functions to choose their tariffs either: (a) competitively (Nash equilibrium) or (b) cooperatively (social optimum); in the second stage, firms competitively choose (Nash) their home and export quantities under Cournot-type competition conditions. In a previous publication we compared the competitive tariffs with the cooperative tariffs and we showed that the game is one of the two following types: (i) prisoner’s dilemma (when the competitive welfare outcome is dominated by the cooperative welfare outcome); or (ii) a lose–win dilemma (an asymmetric situation where only one of the countries is damaged in the cooperative welfare outcome, whereas the other is benefited). In both scenarios, their aggregate cooperative welfare is larger than the aggregate competitive welfare. The lack of coincidence of competitive and cooperative tariffs is one of the main difficulties in international trade calling for the establishment of trade agreements. In this work, we propose a welfare-balanced trade agreement where: (i) the countries implement their cooperative tariffs and so increase their aggregate welfare from the competitive to the cooperative outcome; (ii) they redistribute the aggregate cooperative welfare according to their relative competitive welfare shares. We analyse the impact of such trade agreement in the relative shares of relevant economic quantities such as the firm’s profits, consumer surplus, and custom revenue. This analysis allows the countries to add other conditions to the agreement to mitigate the effects of high changes in these relative shares. Finally, we introduce the trade agreement index measuring the gains in the aggregate welfare of the two countries. In general, we observe that when the gains are higher, the relative shares also exhibit higher changes. Hence, higher gains demand additional caution in the construction of the trade agreement to safeguard the interests of the countries.
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Yu, Zhihao. "Environmental Policy, International Agreements, and International Trade." Economic Journal 112, no. 483 (November 1, 2002): F605—F607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.t01-16-00083.

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Gombkötő, Nóra. "Effect of international trade relations on agri-food trade." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 6, no. 1-2 (July 12, 2018): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2017.1-2.136-142.

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Nowadays, production of goods increases hugely all over the world, resulting an enormous increasing in international trade. Trade in industrial goods grows at a large rate due to trade liberalization, while agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors all over the world. However, barriers of agri-food trade were reduced or eliminated; there are still many obstacles to the totally free trade of agricultural products (e.g. restrictions, safeguards, bans, limitations, etc), especially in the European Union. Besides the WTO’s liberalization pressure and its multilateral negotiations, there are a lot of countries that have signed bilateral agreements. In this study, it was examined, what kind of bilateral agreements were entered into force by the EU and how was international agri-food trade influenced by these bilateral agreements as well as by restrict measures. For this, secondary data were analyzed by different statistical methods and the effect of trade measures was characterized by using this results. From the results it can be concluded that EU has preferred different agreements with the various country groups as well as EU has applied different kind of agreements in different eras. The EU’s average growth rate of food trade and average share of food trade is highly variable by partner countries. Bilateral agreements have not always caused trade growth between the two partner regions. The EU’s restrict measurements effect the EU’s foreign trade, because these restrictions are applied to meat products and these commodities are imported the less in the EU.
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HOLUBIEVA, Viktoriia О. "Classification of International Preferential and Regional Trade Agreements." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 3 (June 15, 2020): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.3(49).16.

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The article is devoted to comprehensive generalization of features/characteristics of international trade agreements/treaties which introduce/fix certain trade advantages in the tariff and non-tariff spheres. The article identifies fifteen classification features/characteristics of the analyzed international agreements. The features are divided into groups: those simultaneously inherent in all/any mentioned international trade agreements/treaties; those inherent only in international economic integration agreements/treaties; those inherent just in preferential international trade agreements/treaties. Practical relevance: The classification gives an opportunity to suggest some definitions/terms, which take into consideration/involve some separated particulars, namely those of preferential trade agreements, international economic integration agreements, which also include regional trade agreements.
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Matsushita, Mitsuo. "Governance of International Trade under WTO Agreements—Relationships between WTO Agreements and Other Trade Agreements." Journal of World Trade 38, Issue 2 (April 1, 2004): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2004008.

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Campi, Mercedes, and Marco Dueñas. "Intellectual property rights, trade agreements, and international trade." Research Policy 48, no. 3 (April 2019): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.09.011.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "150101 International agreements on trade"

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Nguyen, Duc Bao. "Essays on regional trade agreements and international trade." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0203/document.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte de prolifération des accords commerciaux régionaux (ACR) et traite des effets des ACR sur le commerce international. Nous visons à mieux comprendre et à apporter des points de vue nouveaux sur le rôle des ACR et du régionalisme en général en tant qu’élément important de la politique commerciale international aujourd’hui. Dans le premier chapitre, nous revisitons les effets ex post des ACR sur le commerce des pays membres et le commerce extrabloc en adoptant une approche empirique. Nous cherchons à déterminer la manière dont les blocs commerciaux régionaux affectent le commerce non seulement entre pays membres mais aussi entre pays membres et pays extérieurs à l’accord. Notre analyse confirme que les ACR augmentent de manière significative le commerce intra-bloc ; néanmoins, dans de nombreux cas, les ACR impliquent des effets de détournement d’échanges qui sont préjudiciables au reste du monde. Le chapitre deux examine de quelle manière la période de mise en œuvre de l’accord et les niveaux de développement des pays membres déterminent, en dynamique, l’effet des ACR sur le commerce international. Nous obtenons des tendances distinctes des effets ex post de l’ACR sur le commerce entre les accords Nord-Nord, Sud-Sud et Nord-Sud. Nous vérifions empiriquement que les ACR conclus par des partenaires commerciaux ayant un statut de développement économique analogue (les accords Nord-Nord ou Sud-Sud) sont susceptibles d’engendrer une augmentation plus forte du commerce des membres pendant une période de mise en œuvre plus courte. Le chapitre trois porte sur la manière dont les interactions entre ACR et développement financier influencent les flux d'échanges entre partenaires commerciaux. Dans ce travail conjoint avec Anne-Gaël Vaubourg, nous montrons que le développement financier (particulièrement sous sa forme intermédiée) encourage les échanges commerciaux mais que cet effet est atténué dès lors que les partenaires commerciaux ont signé un ACR
The subject of this dissertation focuses on the analysis of different aspects of the relationship between regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system. We aim to provide a fresh understanding and views of the role of RTAs and regionalism in general as an important feature of international trade policy today. In chapter one we revisit the ex post effects of RTAs on member countries’ trade and extrabloc trade by adopting an empirical approach. We explore how regional trading blocs have influenced trade among members as well as trade with nonmembers. Our analysis confirms the widespread trade-enhancing effects of RTAs on member countries’ trade; however, in many cases, they lead to trade diversion effects that are detrimental to the rest of the world. Chapter two takes a closer look at how the implementation period of trade liberalization and partners’ levels of development affect the RTA dynamic effects on trade over time. We obtain distinct patterns of ex post RTA effects on trade across North-North RTAs, South-South RTAs and North-South RTAs. We empirically validate that RTAs formed by trading partners experiencing similar economic development status (North-North RTAs or South-South RTAs) are likely to lead to a larger increase in members’ trade during a shorter implementation period. Chapter three studies the mechanism through which RTAs impact the effect of financial development on trade flows between exporting and importing countries. In this joint work with Anne-Gaël Vaubourg, we show that the trade-enhancing role of financial development in the exporting country—especially through intermediated finance—is mitigated when there is an RTA between this country and its trading partner
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Kersten, Larissa C. S. K. "Food security and Preferential Trade Agreements." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22837/.

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Different disciplinary lenses condition the views on whether trade is generally seen as an opportunity for or threat to food security. Until now there is no consensus on the (empirical) impact in the literature. First, I analyse the impact of PTAs on food security across 93 low and middle income countries for 1990-2014. To take into account some of the multifaceted heterogeneity across PTAs, a distinction is made between Regional and Bilateral Trade Agreements (RTAs and BTAs, respectively) as these are designed differently in the light of food policy. Findings indicate that having a PTA in force, in contrast to having none, is associated with better food security outcomes. However, an increase in the number of BTAs, which are more competitive, is negatively, and an increase in the number of RTAs, which are more cooperative, is positively associated with food security outcomes in low and middle income countries. Second, I look into how RTAs and food security are associated across the three sub-regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and South East Asia. To take into account heterogeneity across the RTAs I operationalise provisions on food security and related provisions in the agreement texts. I first test the impact of the aggregate provisions on food security for 67 low and middle income countries which are member of at least one of the RTAs in the three sub-regions, 1990-2014. Results indicate that the more food security related provisions a country has across its RTAs, the better it is a for food security outcomes. Then I test whether the state of food security affects the design of a RTA. Estimates indicate that the more severe the state of food insecurity within a country, the more food security related provisions the country has across its RTAs. In conclusion, RTAs are potentially an opportunity for food security - and the more food security and related concepts are addressed in the agreement text, the greater the opportunity. In contrast, BTAs are potentially a threat to food security.
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Woodroffe, Louis St Elmo. "International trade agreements and trade policy issues : essays on Barbados." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12519/.

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The objective of this study is to examine a series of trade policy issues related to Barbados' participation in multilateral, hemispheric and regional trade agreements. The three trade policy issues examined are (1) WTO Agreements and the trade policy preferences of firms, (2) preferential trade agreements and the export performance of firms, and (3) the selection of sensitive sectors to be excluded from free trade under international trade agreements. The first essay investigates support of manufacturers in Barbados for WTO rules. Based on the results of a trade policy survey, the study revealed that in general, there is support for multilateral trade rules. OLS and ordered probit regression found that there is evidence that export performance, competitiveness perceptions, and to a lesser extent external association, influence firms to support liberalisation. Capacity under-utilisation, and surprisingly diversification, lower firm's support for liberalisation. The second study examines the importance of preferential trade agreements to the export performance of firms in Barbados. The trade policy survey found that 91% of exporting firms, and 80% of exports benefit from trade preferences. OLS and tobit regression show that factor endowments, economies of scale and technology are important in fashioning export performance. The analysis also show that while trade preferences and external association have a positive impact on export performance, wage costs and protection in both local and foreign markets have a negative impact. The third essay examines the factors influencing the sensitivity of sectors and their exclusion from free trade under the provisions of hemispheric trade agreements. OLS and probit regression analysis suggest that maintenance of the status quo, adjustment costs minimisation, and considerations about fair trade influenced the selection process. Overall, the findings of the studies support theoretical and empirical work in the respective areas, thereby indicating that similar models developed within the context of industrial economies, are applicable in large measure to developing and small developing economies. In terms of policy implications, the studies pointed to the need for government to focus more on international trade competitiveness strategies in order to fully benefit from the opportunities offered by international trade agreements.
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Liu, Yu-Tsyr 1971. "Regional trade agreements and GATT article XXIV." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20989.

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This thesis examines the wave of regionalism currently being experienced in international trade, which is manifested by the proliferation of free trade areas and customs unions, regional trade agreements (RTAs). This thesis attempts to determine whether regionalism is welfare-enhancing and is liberalising the global economy as envisioned by GATT Article XXIV. The answer is: not necessarily.
Chapter One briefly discusses the principle of non-discrimination and provides a general account of the recent development of RTAs. Chapter Two examines the economic and political-economic aspects of RTAs, while Chapter Three examines their legal aspects. To put the two chapters into perspective, a case study of the North American Free Trade Agreement is conducted in Chapter Four. Chapter Five suggests that the global economy should revert its attention back to the multilateral trading system and/or RTAs should incorporate "open regionalism" into their framework to effectively counter the diversionary problems they cause. In closing, Chapter Five introduces the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, which is the only regional trading arrangement that is openly pursuing "open regionalism" and "multilateralism", as a model for all RTAs and as a bridge between regionalism and multilateralism.
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Powers, Kathy Leniece. "International institutions, trade and conflict : African regional trade agreements from 1950-1992." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1283185178.

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Chilton, Adam Stuart. "Essays on the Influence of International Agreements." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10978.

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Since World War II, states have negotiated a staggering number of bilateral and multilateral international agreements. Despite that fact, scholars of international relations and international law have only recently begun to take the idea that these agreements can have important influences on domestic policies and international affairs seriously. This dissertation is comprised of five essays that all try to do exactly that, and hopefully in the process, help improve our understanding of the influence of bilateral and multilateral international agreements on state behavior. The first three essays examine compliance with the laws of war and international human rights treaties. Chapter 2 shows that prior ratification of treaties on the laws of war is a strong predictor that a country will be less likely to kill civilians during intrastate wars, and suggest that there may be a causal relationship between ratification and lower levels of mass violence against civilians for transitioning democracies. Chapter 3 conducts a randomized survey experiment to test whether information on the status of international law changes public opinion on violations of the laws of war, and produces results showing that international law does change public opinion—especially when the other side has committed to following the laws of war. Chapter 4 uses a randomized experiment to test the theory that domestic politics drives compliance with human rights treaties, and demonstrates that whether the United States has previously ratified international human rights treaties has the potential to change public opinion on purely domestic policies. The final two essays examine the United States’ policies in two areas of international economic law. Chapter 5 (with Rachel Brewster) explores the United States’ compliance with adverse WTO decisions, and argues that the largest determinant of if, and when, America complies is whether Congress is required to act to provide the remedy. Finally, Chapter 6 uses a range of evidence to argue that the United States’ Bilateral Investment Treaty program has not been primarily motivated by a desire to provide protections for American investors abroad, but instead it has been a tool to improve relationships with developing states.
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Bordoy, Marcó Catalina. "Innovation, imitation and trade agreements: fims decisions in international." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4034.

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Al, Khourdajie Alaa. "International climate change agreements and linkages with trade policies." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725397.

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In an n-country intra-industry trade model we study the formation and stability of various designs of climate change agreements in the context of international trade. In the first paper we introduce two new features to the literature. Firstly, firms produce a horizontally differentiated good, i.e. the same good but in different varieties where each firm produces one unique variety. Secondly, consumers can have various degrees of taste for the varieties of this good. Our results in this paper show that if consumers have a low taste for variety (TFV) agreement formation fails. Only with a sufficiently high TFV, strategic interaction among governments is sufficiently mitigated such that small agreements are stable. In the second paper we analyse the effects of instrumenting climate change agreements with a trade policy called border tax adjustment (BTA) in order to assess its ability of mitigating the free riding incentives. Our results show that when varieties do not matter to consumers, BTAs lead to a global agreement on climate change if coalition membership is open to all countries. If membership is exclusive, then fewer countries form an agreement and do not allow other countries to join. When consumers have high TFV, large, but not global, agreements are stable. In the third paper we analyse the case where governments have to deal with two issues: climate change and trade. We examine coalition formation and stability under three scenarios where governments are either cooperating on one issue only or on both issues at the same time. Our results show that whenever governments cooperate on trade, either individually or with climate change, the grand coalition is always stable. More interestingly, we find that when governments cooperate on climate change only the grand coalition is also stable. However, this holds only when varieties are perfect substitutes.
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Houston-McMillan, Jason. "An argument for more plurilateral agreements and their value for developing countries: stemming the tide of preferential trade agreements, post-Doha." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25315.

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The latest round of multilateral trade negotiations at the WTO, the Doha Round, is deadlocked, and it is unlikely that any further significant rule-making progress will be made there. The system's faltering has resulted in an unprecedented move towards preferential trade agreements between WTO Members as alternative negotiating platforms. The result is an ever-expanding divergence of the global trading system, which gives rise to added complexity and wider discrimination than would follow from alternatives - specifically the increased use of plurilateral agreements. Preferential agreements, particularly worryingly, may also have serious consequences for developing and least-developed countries in particular. This paper argues that, in light of the stalling of the Doha Round, greater effort should be made by WTO Members to pursue plurilateral agreements in specific policy areas and to move towards a system incorporating more 'variable geometry' which will result in progress in existing areas which have seen little movement since the Doha Round began. Given the recent proliferation of Preferential Trade Agreements and their potential negative effects on rule-making and the WTO, and on developing countries, it is vital that alternatives are explored in order to promote adaptability which would result in a more effective and relevant WTO.
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Wu, Mingge. "Essays on interaction of multilateral environmental agreements and international trade." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52287.

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This thesis studies the interaction between the environmental regulations/ agreements and international trade. I investigate and verify pollution haven hypothesis with panel regression with industries and country level data. The pollution haven hypothesis states that stringent environmental policies may drive the dirty industries to the countries with less stringent regulations. This paper verifies the pollution haven hypothesis from three aspects. Imports will increase for European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) members for dirty industries while exports decrease. Both the inward and outward foreign direct investments of dirty industries decrease for EU ETS countries. In the last chapter, I consider all types of multilateral environmental agreements and show that the presences of multilateral environmental agreements decrease countries total trade volume.
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Books on the topic "150101 International agreements on trade"

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Alistair, Ulph, ed. Environmental policy, international agreements, and international trade. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

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Looney, Robert E., ed. Handbook of International Trade Agreements. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351046954.

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Colyer, Dale. Green trade agreements. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Green trade agreements. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Edwards, John Joseph. International trade: agreements, laws and rules. Edited by Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Jardim de Santa Cruz Oliveira, Maria Angela. International Trade Agreements Before Domestic Courts. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13902-9.

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Winham, Gilbert R. The evolution of international trade agreements. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.

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W, Chiu C., ed. China trade agreements. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis, 1988.

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Baier, Scott L. Do free trade agreements actually increase members' international trade? [Atlanta, Ga.]: Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 2005.

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Improving international investment agreements. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]: Routledge, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "150101 International agreements on trade"

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Suominen, Kati. "Regional trade agreements." In Handbook of International Trade Agreements, 9–16. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351046954-2.

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Baber, Graeme. "Bilateral Trade Agreements." In Preferential Trade Agreements and International Law, 171–266. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in international law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351259002-4.

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Macbean, A. I., and P. N. Snowden. "International Commodity Agreements." In International Institutions in Trade and Finance, 111–31. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003226987-6.

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Heal, Geoffrey. "Formation of International Environmental Agreements." In Trade, Innovation, Environment, 301–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0948-2_13.

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Baber, Graeme. "Plurilateral Trade Agreements 1." In Preferential Trade Agreements and International Law, 267–82. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in international law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351259002-5.

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Alpay, Savaş. "International Environmental Agreements and Trade." In Trade and The Environment, 159–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0271-5_12.

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Zubkova, M. N. "Intermediary Agreements in International Trade." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 574–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60929-0_73.

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Price, Sophia. "Gender rights and trade agreements." In Handbook of International Trade Agreements, 112–21. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351046954-11.

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Kim, Inkyoung. "Trade agreements and the environment." In Handbook of International Trade Agreements, 122–33. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351046954-12.

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Bongardt, Annette, and Francisco Torres. "Trade agreements and regional integration." In Handbook of International Trade Agreements, 296–306. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351046954-26.

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Conference papers on the topic "150101 International agreements on trade"

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Ciglovska, Biljana, and Jeton Shaqiri. "Effects of Regional Trade Agreements on International Agricultural Trade." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2012.34.

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Kayani, Farrukh, and Zhongxiu Zhao. "Chinese Rationale for Free Trade Agreements." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00387.

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In East Asia economic regionalism and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are proliferating at tremendous pace despite being the latecomer as compared to Americas and Europe. Proliferation of FTAs in East Asia started to spread after the Asian financial crisis of 1997. The East Asian economies were dissatisfied with the way the IMF handled the crisis, particularly in Thailand and Indonesia. Presently, about over 100 FTAs are at various stages of development in East Asia. China is also actively engaged in FTAs like the other East Asian neighboring countries for achieving multiple objectives. In this paper we analyzed the detailed reasons that why China is pursuing FTAs? Furthermore, it is said that FTAs may jeopardize the multilateral trading system. As FTAs undermine the WTO policy of maintaining a liberal, non discriminatory and multilateral trading system by supporting the government interventions and prudential controls. Thus we would also explore that whether FTAs are building or stumbling blocks?
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Xie, Fei. "Legal Issues in Free Trade Agreements." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Humanities Science, Management and Education Technology (HSMET 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hsmet-18.2018.80.

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Fanneh, Momodou Mustapha. "FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI), TRADE AGREEMENTS (RTAs) AND BILATERAL TRADE." In 8th international conference on Management, Economics and Humanities. acavent, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/8icmeh.2018.12.42.

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Esina, Yulia Leonidovna, Natalia Mikhailovna Stepanenkova, and Elena Evgenievna Agafonova. "Regional trade agreements as factor of expansion of foreign trade relations of Russia." In Proceedings of the International conference "Economy in the modern world" (ICEMW 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemw-18.2018.2.

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Gültekin, Raşit, and Mustafa Erkan Üyümez. "Free Trade Agreement between Turkey and Russian Federation and its Possible Effects to these Countries’ Trade and Taxational Reflections." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01300.

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The last period of international trade in goods covers a process carried out with globalization and regionalization efforts. Many countries, on the one hand, take part in arrangements that are executed under the leadership by global actors and aim at removing or reducing conventional obstacles to international trade, on the other hand, participate in various and regional economic integrations to provide a more deep and comprehensive economic cooperation and to cope with the competition and trade restrictions which continually increasing due to political, commercial and economical motives. Trade relations between Turkey and Russian Federation is an important element of the two countries' multidimensional cooperation. The most effective attempt to raise the top level of the volume and quality of existing commercial relationships will be the signing and putting into practice of a comprehensive free trade agreements between the two countries that have not been done previously. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential effects of such a free trade agreements between Turkey and Russian Federation in terms of trade in goods between two countries. To this end, in this study, theoretical aspects of free trade agreements' effects and place within regional integration types will be considered the impact of the possible Turkey-Russia free trade agreement will be examined in a framework of basic provisions with customs duties that set out in free trade agreements, recent trade data and key issues related to these countries.
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Saadallah, Oumaima, and Benaceur Outtaj. "Morocco's Trade, between Free Trade Agreements and Integration into the African Union: Which Potential for Morocco's Foreign Trade?" In 3rd International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010447400800088.

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Koç, Neslihan. "Analyzing the Foreing Trade Relations of Turkey and Macedonia within the Framework of Free Trade Agreement." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00965.

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Turkey, because of its responsibilities derived from Custom Union with European Union, makes limited Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with those states which have already signed such agreements with EU. As yet Turkey has signed FTAs with 19 countries including Macedonia. It's expected from FTA's that raise awareness of partner countries about each other’s economic and commercial potentials. In this study a general overview will be made to emphasize the relationship between FTAs which Turkey has signed with other countries and increase in Turkey’s trade volume in the same period. Subsequently, with regarding the FTA and commercial relations with Macedonia, an assessment will be made by using the lists of countries imports and exports, based on Republic of Turkey Ministry of Economy statistics for the period of 2001-2012.
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Скворцова, Татьяна Александровна, and Нателла Ашотовна Хачатрян. "PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Январь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt189.2021.96.26.003.

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В статье рассматриваются основополагающие принципы международного права, на основе которых функционирует система международной торговли и осуществляется заключение международных договоров (контрактов). Основой, на которой базируются эти принципы, являются рыночные отношения. Однако в настоящее время на них сильно влияют политические интересы отдельных государств. В этой связи важно понять суть рыночных принципов, на которых основывается международная торговля. The article deals with the fundamental principles of international law, on the basis of which the system of international trade functions and the conclusion of international agreements (contracts) is carried out. The basis on which these principles are based is market relations. However, at present, they are strongly influenced by the political interests of individual States. In this regard, it is important to understand the essence of the market principles on which international trade is based.
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Kartal, Burak. "Examining the Turkish-Russian Trade Relations after Russia’s World Trade Organization Accession." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00817.

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Turkey and the Russian Federation (RF) have deep historical political and economic relations. The trade between the two countries have been growing since late 1980s when Turkey began to procure natural gas from Russia. The dissolution of USSR and the revival of Russian economy offered new opportunities for Turkish businessmen. During the last decade, Russia became one of the few major markets for Turkish construction and contractor companies whereas Turkey has been a favorable touristic destination for Russians. The agreements regarding Akkuyu nuclear power plant and natural gas pipelines have strengthened the ties between the two countries. In 2012, Russia became the 156th member of the WTO. Russia’s WTO accession, along with the country’s other economic cooperation and integration moves provide foreign companies interested in Russia with a better investment climate and business environment. Having competitive advantage in many goods and services categories needed by Russia, Turkish companies should benefit the new developments in RF and increase their business volumes in that country. This paper examines the current trade relations between RF and Turkey in detail considering the potential effects of RF’s WTO membership.
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Reports on the topic "150101 International agreements on trade"

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Limao, Nuno, and Kamal Saggi. Size Inequality, Coordination Externalities and International Trade Agreements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17603.

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Staiger, Robert, and Alan Sykes. The Economic Structure of International Trade-in-Services Agreements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22960.

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Cai, Yuezhou, Raymond Riezman, and John Whalley. International Trade and the Negotiability of Global Climate Change Agreements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14711.

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Limão, Nuno, and Patricia Tovar. Policy Choice: Theory and Evidence from Commitment via International Trade Agreements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14655.

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Maggi, Giovanni, and Robert Staiger. On the Role and Design of Dispute Settlement Procedures in International Trade Agreements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14067.

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Hurrelmann, Achim, Ece Özlem Atikcan, Adam William Chalmers, and Crina Viju-Miljusevic. Political Contestation about International Economic Agreements: Lessons for the Canada-UK Trade Relationship after Brexit. Carleton University, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/crw/2018.ir.22734.

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Das, Sanchita Basu, and Rahul Sen. Trade Interdependencies in COVID-19-Related Essential Medical Goods: Role of Trade Facilitation and Cooperation for the Asian Economies. Asian Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220292-2.

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This paper analyzes how regional trade agreements (RTAs) among Asian economies affected the supply of essential medical goods in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. International trade is an integral part of accessing essential medical goods for Asian economies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the analysis finds that their nature of trade dependence varies. Furthermore, economies that are party to RTAs containing trade facilitation measures can mitigate the adverse impact on trade in essential medical goods. This emphasizes the role of governments in preparing Asian economies to be more resilient to future shocks through participation in RTAs and implementation of trade facilitation measures.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.

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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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Reyes Díaz, Carlos Humberto. Working Paper PUEAA No. 8. CPTPP. Legal Trends. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.006r.2022.

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Free trade areas (and customs unions) were established in a multilateral level since in Article XXIV of the GATT, and that is the legal minimum from which preferential trade agreements are now built. Some say CPTPP is part of a new generation of Free Trade Agreements because it goes deeper in the integration process. The CPTPP Agreement is a 584-page treaty, a very extensive legal instrument with 30 chapters, so when we talk about legal trends it refers to all 30 chapters at first. But it’s not the idea to explain every chapter in this text, not even just the dispute mechanisms, but the legal highlights that make the CPTPP an example of the new structure in international trade law. The CPTPP’s new chapters constitute the actual trade agenda and establish a minimum level of protection on topics not specially linked to trade, but which are now essential to talk about a new configuration of trade agreements, such as investments, intellectual property, e-commerce, among others
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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi, and Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.

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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.
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