Journal articles: '13CO2 breath test'

1

SUEHIRO, Makiko, Akira KURODA, Masahiro MAEDA, Kou HINAGA, and Hiroyuki WATANABE. "Automated 13CO2 analyzing system for the 13C breath test." RADIOISOTOPES 36, no. 1 (1987): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.36.7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Fourie, J., L. K. Mattison, T. E. Wood, J. A. Posey, A. Modak, and R. B. Diasio. "The 2-13C-5-fluorouracil breath test (FUBT) as a novel, rapid method for assessment of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity in cancer patients: Initial characterization and comparison to the 2-13C-uracil breath test (UraBT)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.2551.

Full text

Abstract:

2551 Background: The UraBT is currently in development as a phenotypic test to screen for DPD deficiency. Following an oral dose of 2-13C-uracil, the UraBT shows a significant relationship between breath 13CO2 metabolite formation and plasma 2-13C-uracil and 2-13C-dihydrouracil pharmacokinetics. We herein describe a novel, potentially more clinically relevant test in which a small oral dose of 2-13C-5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is administered, followed by assessment of breath 13CO2 metabolite formation as previously described for the UraBT. We hypothesize that the FUBT can rapidly assess interindividual variability in 5-FU catabolism and predisposition to 5-FU toxicity. Methods: Over two sessions separated by a seven day washout, a single dose (6mg/kg, p.o.) of 2-13C-uracil or 2-13C-5-FU was administered to patients with stage III-IV colorectal cancer (n = 4). Subsequent to drug administration, in each session, 13CO2 catabolite formation was quantified in the breath over eight hours. In a separate investigation over two sessions separated by a seven day washout, a single dose (3mg/kg, p.o.) of 2-13C-uracil or 213C-5-FU was administered to colorectal cancer patients with previously documented severe (n=2) or moderate (n=2) 5-FU dose-related hematological/gastrointestinal toxicity. Following drug administration 13CO2 catabolite formation was quantified over eight hours. 13CO2 concentration was expressed as Delta Over Baseline (DOB) in all sessions. Results: Compared to the UraBT, the FUBT showed an increased Cmax (50.7 ± 6.6 DOB/mg vs. 36.8 ± 7.8 DOB/mg; mean ± SD) and decreased Tmax (25 ± 4 min vs. 45 ± 6 min) for 13CO2 formation (p<0.05). The FUBT was able to distinguish patients with previously reported severe and moderate 5- FU toxicity, with 13CO2 Cmax values of 35.5 ± 9.5 DOB/mg (mean ± SD) and 59.8 ± 7.3 DOB/mg, respectively. Importantly, FUBT Cmax values positively correlated with DPD activity (rs=1.00, p<0.01). Conclusions: These data lend support to further development of the FUBT as a rapid and informative test to assess DPD activity and to predict susceptibility to severe dose-related 5-FU toxicity. [CA116964] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Murphy, M. S., E. J. Eastham, R. Nelson, and A. Aynsley-Green. "Non-invasive assessment of intraluminal lipolysis using a 13CO2 breath test." Archives of Disease in Childhood 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.65.6.574.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Roecker, K., E. Landaw, H. Striegel, F. Mayer, and H. H. Dickhuth. "First-pass effect of an intravenous bolus of [13C]bicarbonate displayed breath-by-breath." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 2181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2181.

Full text

Abstract:

The dilution of an intravenous bolus dose of [13C]bicarbonate is used as an estimate for the metabolic rate under certain conditions. It is a consistent finding in all studies that the total amount of intravenous [13C]bicarbonate cannot be recovered as breath 13CO2. In this study, we used a breath-by-breath analysis of 13CO2 to depict the washout of 13CO2 at a high temporal resolution to analyze the extent to which a probable first-pass effect is responsible for the reduced recovery. Eight healthy men were tested at seated rest and with bicycle exercise at a constant load relative to 40 and 75% maximal O2 consumption (V˙o 2 max). [13C]bicarbonate (0.0125 g/kg body wt) was administered as an intravenous bolus in each test. Respiratory mass spectrometry was used to derive the course of the end-tidal13CO2-to-12CO2 ratio from the breath-by-breath data. Approximately 2 min after13C administration, the washout curve could be fitted well by a two-exponential curve describing a two-compartment mammillary model. Immediately after administration of the bolus dose, an excess peak in the end-tidal13CO2-to-12CO2 ratio appeared. This peak could not be included in the two-exponential fitting. The area under the first peak resulted in 3.8 ± 1.3% of the total [13C]bicarbonate dose at rest, 11.5 ± 2.9% at moderate exercise (40%V˙o 2 max), and 16.9 ± 4.0% at intensive exercise (75% V˙o 2 max). The first-pass effect had an increasing impact of up to about two-thirds of the lacking bicarbonate with higher exercise intensity. The “loss” of tracer via this first-pass effect must be considered when the results of studies with parenteral administration of [13C]bicarbonate are considered, especially when it is given as a bolus dose and during exercise.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ventrucci, M., A. Cipolla, G. M. Ubalducci, A. Roda, and E. Roda. "13C labelled cholesteryl octanoate breath test for assessing pancreatic exocrine insufficiency." Gut 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.42.1.81.

Full text

Abstract:

Background—A non-invasive test for assessment of fat digestion has been developed based on the intraluminal hydrolysis of cholesteryl-[1-13C]octanoate by pancreatic esterase.Aims—To determine the diagnostic performance of this breath test in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function.Methods—The test was performed in 20 healthy controls, 22 patients with chronic pancreatic disease (CPD), four with biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), and 32 with non-pancreatic digestive diseases (NPD); results were compared with those of other tubeless tests (faecal chymotrypsin and fluorescein dilaurate test).Results—Hourly recoveries of13CO2 were significantly lower in CPD when compared with healthy controls or NPD. In patients with CPD with mild to moderate insufficiency, the curve of 13CO2recovery was similar to that of healthy controls, while in those with severe insufficiency it was flat. In three patients with CPD with severe steatorrhoea, a repeat test after pancreatic enzyme supplementation showed a significant rise in13CO2 recovery. The four BPD patients had low and delayed 13CO2 recovery. Only eight of the 32 patients with NPD had abnormal breath test results. There was a significant correlation between the results of the breath test and those of faecal chymotrypsin, the fluorescein dilaurate test, and faecal fat measurements. For the diagnosis of pancreatic disease using the three hour cumulative 13CO2 recovery test, the sensitivity was 68.2% and specificity 75.0%; values were similar to those of the other two tubeless pancreatic function tests. In seven healthy controls, nine patients with CPD, and nine with NPD a second breath test was performed using Na-[1-13C]octanoate and a pancreatic function index was calculated as the ratio of13C recovery obtained in the two tests: at three hours this index was abnormal in eight patients with CPD and in three with NPD.Conclusion—The cholesteryl-[1-13C]octanoate breath test can be useful for the diagnosis of fat malabsorption and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ishii, Yukimoto, Satoshi Asai, Tadashi Kohno, Shigeru Suzuki, Munehiro Ishii, Isaburou Hosoi, Masashi Fujii, Shigetomi Iwai, and Koichi Ishikawa. "13CO2 Peak Value of l-[1-13C]phenylalanine Breath Test Reflects Hepatopathy." Journal of Surgical Research 86, no. 1 (September 1999): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsre.1999.5705.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Cimmino, M., F. Mion, F. Goglia, Y. Minaire, and A. Géloën. "Demonstration of in vivo metabolic effects of 3,5-di-iodothyronine." Journal of Endocrinology 149, no. 2 (May 1996): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1490319.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The objective of the present study was to test in vivo the metabolic effects of 3,5-di-iodothyronine (3,5-T2) in unanesthetized and unrestrained male Sprague–Dawley rats. Amino acid and lipid metabolisms were investigated by breath tests using as tracers the 13C-carboxyl-labeled molecules of leucine, α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) and octanoic acid, in four different groups of rats: hypothyroid animals (receiving propylthiouracil (PTU) and iopanoic acid), hypothyroid animals treated with either a daily i.p. injection of 3,5-T2 (25 μg/100 g body weight), or triiodothyronine (T3) (1 μg/100 g body weight), and control euthyroid animals receiving equivalent volumes of the vehicle solutions. Energy expenditure was measured by continuous monitoring of O2 consumption and CO2 production in these different groups. Daily energy expenditure was decreased by 30% in PTU-treated rats. The chronic treatments with 3,5-T2 and T3 restored daily energy expenditure to the control level. 13CO2 recovered in breath following the i.v. injection of octanoic acid-[1-13C] was decreased in hypothyroid animals compared with control animals (P<0·05) and restored to control values by T3 and 3,5-T2 treatments. The 13CO2 recovered in breath after i.v. injection of leucine-[1-13C]was increased in PTU-treated compared with control animals (P<0·05). Chronic treatment with either 3,5-T2 or T3 restored 13CO2 to control values. Excretion of 13CO2 recovered in breath following the i.v. injection of KIC-[1-13C] was increased in PTU-treated compared with control animals. Chronic treatments with either 3,5-T2 or T3 did not restore KIC decarboxylation. These results suggest that 3,5-T2 exerts metabolic effects on energy expendi ture, on both lipid β-oxidation and leucine metabolism in hypothyroid rats. We conclude that 3,5-T2 is a metabolically active iodothyronine. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 149, 319–325

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Turki, Abrar, Sylvia Stockler, Sandra Sirrs, Ramona Salvarinova, and Rajavel Elango. "Development of Minimally Invasive 13C-Glucose Breath Test to Examine Different Dietary Therapies in Patients with Glycogen Storage Disorders." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa055_034.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Objectives The objectives of the current study were: 1) to establish the use of ,13C-Glucose Breath Test (,13C-GBT) and its oxidation to ,13CO2 as a minimally invasive technique to examine in vivo glucose oxidation in healthy adults, and 2) to measure the utilization of uncooked cornstarch (UCCS) and Glycosade® in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) and healthy controls using ,13C-GBT, based on the natural enrichment of ,13C in UCCS and Glycosade®. Methods Experiment 1- Ten healthy adults (22 – 33y) underwent ,13C-GBT protocols twice as a proof-of-principle, once without oral isotope dose (only D-glucose 75 g/d) and once with isotope (D-glucose 75 g/d + U-,13C-glucose 75 mg/d). Breath samples were collected at baseline and every 20 min for 240 min to measure ,13CO2. Experiment 2- Two patients (12 and 28y) with GSD-Ia and five healthy controls (10 – 32y) underwent ,13C-GBT protocols twice. Subjects received UCCS or Glycosade® orally (based on their current prescribed dose 42 – 100 g) after a 4 hour fast according to GSD-Ia fasting tolerance. Breath samples were collected at baseline and every 30 min for 240 min. ,13CO2 oxidation of glucose from UCCS and Glycosade® were measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer and compared using a paired t-test. Blood glucose was measured using a glucometer hourly to test hypoglycemia (≤3.4 mmol/L). Results Results 1- The mean rate of ,13CO2 in all healthy adults from D-glucose without U-,13C-glucose 0.435 ± 0.162 was significantly lower than the mean rate of ,13CO2 in the same group with U-,13C-glucose 3.518 ± 0.988. The peak occurred at 200 minutes in all healthy adults without and with U-,13C-glucose. Results 2- Glucose oxidation from Glycosade® was lower than glucose oxidation from UCCS in the 12y GSD-Ia. Glucose oxidation from UCCS and Glycosade® remained the same in the 28y GSD-Ia. However, oxidation of glucose by the 28y GSD-Ia for both starches displayed a higher rate, compared to age matched controls. Conclusions Our results show that the minimally invasive,13C-GBT test over 4 hours can be useful to examine glucose metabolism from various exogenous carbohydrate sources in GSD. Future studies are needed to use ,13C-GBT in response to different doses to determine optimal glucose management in GSD patients. Funding Sources Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau, Ottawa and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Zanconato, S., D. M. Cooper, T. J. Barstow, and E. Landaw. "13CO2 washout dynamics during intermittent exercise in children and adults." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 2476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.6.2476.

Full text

Abstract:

To test the hypothesis that children store less CO2 than adults during exercise, we measured breath 13CO2 washout dynamics after oral bolus of [13C]bicarbonate in nine children [8 +/- 1 (SD) yr, 4 boys] and nine (28 +/- 6 yr, 5 males) adults. Gas exchange [O2 uptake and CO2 production (Vco2)] was measured breath by breath during rest and during light (80% of the anaerobic threshold) intermittent exercise. Breath samples were obtained for subsequent analysis of 13CO2 by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The tracer estimate of Vco2 was highly correlated to Vco2 measured by gas exchange (r = 0.97, P < 0.0001). The mean residence time was shorter in children (50 +/- 5 min) compared with adults (69 +/- 7 min, P < 0.0001) at rest and during exercise (children, 35 +/- 7 min; adults, 50 +/- 11 min, P < 0.001). The estimate of stored CO2 (using mean Vco2 measured by gas exchange and mean residence time derived from tracer washout) was not statistically different at rest between children (254 +/- 36 ml/kg) and adults (232 +/- 37 ml/kg). During exercise, CO2 stores in the adults (304 +/- 46 ml/kg) were significantly increased over rest (P < 0.001), but there was no increase in children (mean exercise value, 254 +/- 38 ml/kg). These data support the hypothesis that CO2 distribution in response to exercise changes during the growth period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Tugtekin, I., U. Wachter, E. Barth, H. Weidenbach, D. A. Wagner, G. Adler, M. Georgieff, P. Radermacher, and J. A. Vogt. "Phenylalanine kinetics in healthy volunteers and liver cirrhotics: implications for the phenylalanine breath test." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 283, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): E1223—E1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.0311.2001.

Full text

Abstract:

Expired 13CO2recovery from an oral l-[1-13C]phenylalanine ([13C]Phe) dose has been used to quantify liver function. This parameter, however, does not depend solely on liver function but also on total CO2 production, Phe turnover, and initial tracer distribution. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of these factors on breath test values. Nine ethyl-toxic cirrhotic patients and nine control subjects received intravenously 2 mg/kg of [13C]Phe, and breath and blood samples were collected over 4 h. CO2 production was measured by indirect calorimetry. The exhaled 13CO2 enrichments were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry and the [13C]Phe and l-[1-13C]tyrosine enrichments by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The cumulative13CO2 recovery was significantly lower in cirrhotic patients (7 vs. 12%; P < 0.01), in part due to lower total CO2 production rates. Phe turnover in cirrhotic patients was significantly lower (33 vs. 44 μmol · kg−1 · h−1; P < 0.05). When these extrahepatic factors were considered in the calculation of the Phe oxidation rate, the intergroup differences were even more pronounced (3 vs. 7 μmol · kg−1 · h−1) than those for 13CO2 recovery data. Also, the Phe-to-Tyr conversion rate, another indicator of Phe oxidation, was significantly reduced (0.7 vs. 3.0 μmol · kg−1 · h−1).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Popov, E. E., A. V. Polischuk, and V. V. Vitkin. "Exhaled air Raman spectroscopy for Helicobacter pylori diagnostics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2388, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2388/1/012015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The possibility using Raman spectroscopy in the analysis of samples for the urease breath test to diagnose the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori has been demonstrated. The Raman scattering spectra of the air exhaled by a person were obtained, the volume fractions of 12CO2 and 13CO2 in exhalation samples were determined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Barstow, T. J., D. M. Cooper, S. Epstein, and K. Wasserman. "Changes in breath 13CO2/12CO2 consequent to exercise and hypoxia." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 2919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.6.2919-t.

Full text

Abstract:

Page 936: T. J. Barstow, D. M. Cooper, S. Epstein, and K. Wasserman. “Changes in breath 13CO2/12CO2, consequent to exercise and hypoxia.” Page 936, right column, sentence beginning on line 8 should read: We therefore wondered if changes in EN could be used to detect changes in endogenous substrate oxidation during exercise. Page 940, right column, sentence beginning on line 15 should read: We controlled for potential acute modulators of oxidative fuel mix (e.g., meal and activity) by the overnight fast and avoidance of strenuous activity 24 h before each test. Page 941, left column, sentence beginning on line 27 should read: In summary, Vo2, adjusts slightly more rapidly than Vo2 in the transition from rest to exercise, whereas 13CO2 adjusts much more slowly. Page 938, Table 3 footnote should read: Values are group means for individual responses averaged from 5 to 20 min of exercise. n = 7 except for WR-3 where n = 6. Hypoxia represented FiO02 = 0.15, room air Fioo2 = 0.207. * Significantly different from both WR-1 conditions and WR-2 in room air (P < 0.05). Note that work above LT (WR-2 in hypoxia and WR-3) resulted in a significant increase in R.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Barstow, T. J., D. M. Cooper, S. Epstein, and K. Wasserman. "Changes in breath 13CO2/12CO2 consequent to exercise and hypoxia." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 2919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.6.2919-r.

Full text

Abstract:

Page 936: T. J. Barstow, D. M. Cooper, S. Epstein, and K. Wasserman. “Changes in breath 13CO2/12CO2 consequent to exercise and hypoxia.” Page 936, right column, sentence beginning on line 8 should read: We therefore wondered if changes in EN could be used to detect changes in endogenous substrate oxidation during exercise. Page 940, right column, sentence beginning on line 15 should read: We controlled for potential acute modulators of oxidative fuel mix (e.g., meal and activity) by the overnight fast and avoidance of strenuous activity 24 h before each test. Page 941, left column, sentence beginning on line 27 should read: In summary, Vo2 adjusts slightly more rapidly than Vco2 in the transition from rest to exercise, whereas 13CO2 adjusts much more slowly. Page 938, Table 3 footnote should read: Values are group means for individual responses averaged from 5 to 20 min of exercise. n = 7 except for WR-3 where n = 6. Hypoxia represented FiO02, = 0.15, room air FiOO2, = 0.207. *Significantly di fferent from both WR-1 conditions and WR-2 in room air (P < 0.05). Note that work above LT (WR-2 in hypoxia and WR-3) resulted in a significant increase in R.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Barstow, T. J., D. M. Cooper, S. Epstein, and K. Wasserman. "Changes in breath 13CO2/12CO2 consequent to exercise and hypoxia." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.2.936.

Full text

Abstract:

Because the natural enrichment of carbohydrate with 13C is greater than that of lipid, we hypothesized that the natural enrichment of exhaled CO2 with 13C (EN) could be used to gauge endogenous substrate utilization in exercising human subjects. To test this, EN and the respiratory exchange ratio (R) which equals the respiratory quotient (RQ) in the steady state, were measured simultaneously in seven subjects. Rest and exercise protocols, performed under conditions of room air (sea level) and hypoxic (inspired O2 fraction = 0.15) breathing, were chosen to cause a variety of patterns of oxidative substrate utilization. Work rates were performed both below and above the subject's lactate threshold (LT). Work above the LT was expected to cause the greatest increase in EN reflecting greater utilization of glucose. There was significant intersubject (P less than 0.05) but not intrasubject variability in resting EN. By 40 min of exercise, EN increased significantly (P less than 0.05) over resting values in all exercise protocols during both room air and hypoxia conditions. In the room air studies, we found no difference in EN during the below-LT work, even though there were significant increases in O2 uptake (VO2). In contrast, above-LT work resulted in significantly greater increases in EN by 20 and 40 min of exercise (P less than 0.05). Contrary to our expectations, we observed no separate effect by hypoxia on the EN during exercise. Both EN and R tended to increase from rest to exercise, but during exercise there was no overall correlation between R and the EN. EN reflects changes in endogenous substrate utilization over relatively long periods of time such as at rest, but delays in the appearance of 13CO2 at the mouth due to dilution in body CO2 pools, and possibly isotopic fractionation, preclude the usefulness of EN as an indicator of endogenous fuel mix during short-term exercise.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Tonouchi, Hidekazu, Taketo Yamaji, Masayuki Uchida, Megumi Koganei, Akina Sasayama, Tetsuo Kaneko, Yoshihisa Urita, et al. "Studies on absorption and metabolism of palatinose (isomaltulose) in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 1 (September 1, 2010): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510003193.

Full text

Abstract:

We evaluated the absorption and metabolism of palatinose in rats by the carbohydrate load test and the 13C- and H2-breath tests. We compared the results of these tests with those of sucrose, since sucrose is an isomer of palatinose and generally known to be degraded and absorbed from the small intestine. In the carbohydrate load test, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels after oral administration of palatinose rose more gradually and reached a maximum that was lower than that after sucrose administration. In the 13C-breath test, rats were orally administrated [1-13C]sucrose or [1-13C]palatinose and housed in a chamber. The expired air in the chamber was collected, and the level of 13CO2 in the expired air was measured at appropriate intervals for 360 min. The value of time taken to reach the maximum concentration for expired 13CO2 from [1-13Cglucose] ([1-13Cglc]) and [1-13Cfructose] ([1-13Cfru]) palatinose was significantly longer than that from [1-13Cglc] and [1-13Cfru]sucrose, respectively. The value of area under the curve (AUC) for [1-13Cglc]palatinose was larger than that for [1-13Cglc]sucrose, but AUC for [1-13Cfru] showed no difference between palatinose and sucrose. In the H2-breath test, the concentration of H2 in the expired air was measured for 420 min. H2 was hardly detected with both palatinose and sucrose and no significant difference was observed between the two groups. These results suggest that palatinose is utilised in vivo at a rate equal to that of sucrose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Pons, Gérard, Jean-Claude Blais, Elisabeth Rey, Marcelle Plissonnier, Marie-Odile Richard, Odile Carrier, Philippe D'Athis, Claude Moran, Jean Badoual, and Georges Olive. "Maturation of Caffeine N-Demethylation in Infancy: A Study Using the 13CO2 Breath Test." Pediatric Research 23, no. 6 (June 1988): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198806000-00021.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Hiele, M., Y. Ghoos, P. Rutgeerts, G. Vantrappen, and K. de Buyser. "13CO2 breath test to measure the hydrolysis of various starch formulations in healthy subjects." Gut 31, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.31.2.175.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Mion, Françcois, Gaëlle Rosner, Marina Rousseau, and Yves Minaire. "13C-Urea Breath Test for Helicobacter Pylori: Cut-off Point Determination by Cluster Analysis." Clinical Science 93, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0930003.

Full text

Abstract:

1. This study was performed on a large set of 13C-urea breath test results to determine the optimal cut-off point of the test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. 2. The following steps were applied to three sets of urea breath test results obtained in three groups of subjects (696 adults before anti-Hp treatment, 1056 adults after anti-Hp treatment and 173 children under 17 years of age): (1) demonstrate the distribution of urea breath test results as a mix of two normal populations (Hp negative and Hp positive) by logarithmic transformation of the results in each group of subjects; (2) apply statistical cluster analysis to determine the separation point between Hp-negative and -positive populations; (3) calculate the mean and SD of each population, and use these parameters in the equation of the normal distribution to establish the frequency curves of Hp-negative and -positive populations; and (4) determine the cut-off point of the urea breath test as the intersection of the two curves, and the risks of error related to it. 3. The optimal cut-off point was found at +3.00 δ%0/00, with a risk of false-negative or -positive response of the urea breath test of less than 3%. From this, a cut-off point of +3.00 δ%0/00 for the 13C-urea breath test is recommended, with an indetermined zone between +2.5 and +3.5 δ0/00 to account for the spontaneous variation of 13CO2 in breath and the limits of GC—isotope ratio-MS analytical precision.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Bożek, Małgorzata, Krzysztof Jonderko, and Monika Piłka. "On a refinement of the 13C-mixed TAG breath test." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511002881.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study was aimed to improve and simplify the 13C-mixed TAG (13C-MTG) breath test while keeping it acceptable for the patient. Healthy volunteers (ten women and eight men) were examined on four occasions, receiving in a random order 300 mg 13C-MTG: (1) contained in two wafers; (2) administered with a 50 g wheat roll; as well as given with either (3) 10 or (4) 30 g butter, spread onto a 50 g wheat roll, as the test meal, respectively. Samples of expiratory air were taken for 6 h postprandially for the mass spectroscopic measurement of 13CO2 enrichment. After intake of the sole 13C-MTG, the cumulative 13C recovery in breath air (AUC) appeared to be unsatisfactory, as after 6 h it did not exceed 10 %. Application of the substrate with the 50 g wheat roll did not bring about any improvement in this parameter. The addition of the unlabelled fat to the test meal dramatically increased the cumulative 13C recovery. However, we found higher values for the momentary 13C recovery and AUC with 10 g butter compared with 30 g. It can be concluded that: (1) addition of unlabelled fat is indispensable to obtain a proper course of the breath 13C elimination during the conduct of the 13C-MTG breath test and (2) it is possible to apply a considerably smaller amount of the unlabelled fat than has previously been recommended for this test.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Martins, Ian J., and Trevor G. Redgrave. "A 13CO2 breath test to assess the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein remnants in mice." Journal of Lipid Research 39, no. 3 (March 1998): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2275(20)33306-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Symonds, Erin L., Stamatiki Kritas, Taher Omari, and Ross Butler. "Cooking resistant starch reduces its prebiotic properties: Assessment with the 13CO2 and H2 breath test." Gastroenterology 124, no. 4 (April 2003): A686—A687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(03)83477-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Hiele, M., Y. Ghoos, P. Rutgeerts, and G. Vantrappen. "Starch Digestion in Normal Subjects and Patients With Pancreatic Disease, Using a 13CO2 Breath Test." Gastroenterology 96, no. 2 (February 1989): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(89)91577-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Ells, Louisa J., Chris J. Seal, Bernd Kettlitz, Wendy Bal, and John C. Mathers. "Postprandial glycaemic, lipaemic and haemostatic responses to ingestion of rapidly and slowly digested starches in healthy young women." British Journal of Nutrition 94, no. 6 (December 2005): 948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051554.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of the present study was to investigate the postprandial metabolism of two starches with contrasting rates of hydrolysis in vitro. Characterized using the Englyst method of in vitro starch classification, C*Set 06 598 contained predominantly rapidly digestible starch and C*Gel 04 201 contained predominantly slowly digestible starch. Each test starch, naturally enriched with 13C, was fed to ten healthy female volunteers as part of a moderate fat test meal (containing 75 g test starch and 21 g fat), in a double-blind randomized crossover design. The metabolic response to each starch was measured after an overnight fast, in an acute 6 h study, before and after 14 d of daily consumption of 75 g test starch. During each acute study, blood samples were taken at 15 min intervals for the first 2 h and at 30 min intervals for the remaining 4 h. Breath 13CO2 enrichment was measured at the same time points and indirect calorimetry was performed for 20 min every 40 min immediately before and throughout the study. Significantly more rapid, greater changes in postprandial plasma glucose, NEFA and serum insulin concentrations were observed after consumption of the rapidly digestible starch. Breath 13CO2 output over the first 3–4 h rose rapidly then began to decline following consumption of the rapidly digestible starch, but plateaued for the slowly digestible starch. The 14 d adaptation period did not affect any of the glycaemic or lipaemic variables but there was a reduction in postprandial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations. These data confirm that starches characterized as predominantly rapidly digestible versus slowly digestible by the Englyst procedure provoke distinctly different patterns of metabolism postprandially.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Bujko, Jacek, Victor V. A. M. Schreurs, Jelmer A. Nolles, Amely M. Verreijen, Rudie E. Koopmanschap, and Martin W. A. Verstegen. "Application of a [13CO2] breath test to study short-term amino acid catabolism during the postprandial phase of a meal." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 5 (May 2007): 891–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507433049.

Full text

Abstract:

A [13CO2] breath test was applied as a non-invasive method to study the catabolism of ingested amino acids shortly after a meal. This test requires the ingestion of a [1-13C]-labelled amino acid and the analysis of expired air for [13C] enrichment and CO2. The recovery of label as [13CO2] reflects the catabolism of the [1-13C]-labelled substrate. Such a non-steady state approach provides information that is complementary to the information obtained by steady-state methods using a primed continuous infusion of tracer amino acids during the fed state. In a model study with twenty adult male rats, two groups of animals were fed twice a day with one of two semi-synthetic iso-energetic diets. One diet contained egg white protein (EW) as the sole amino acid source. The second diet contained a mixture of free amino acids with a pattern similar to that of the EW diet. On day 5 of the dietary treatment, l-[1-13C]leucine, either bound in EW protein or in free form, was ingested as part of the morning meal. The expired air was sampled at 30 min intervals for 5 h. The rate of recovery ranged from 0 % to 6 % of the dose/h. Up to 120 min after the onset of the meal, the recovery values for the free amino acid diet were higher than those for the EW diet. Differences in recovery reflect differences in postprandial utilisation. The differences in label recovery were mainly determined by the [13C] enrichment of the expired air. As a consequence, CO2 measurements are not mandatory when CO2 production is comparable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Symonds, Erin L., Stamatiki Kritas, Taher I. Omari, and Ross N. Butler. "A Combined 13CO2/H2 Breath Test Can Be Used to Assess Starch Digestion and Fermentation in Humans." Journal of Nutrition 134, no. 5 (May 2004): 1193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.5.1193.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Afolabi, Paul Remi, Declan McDonnell, Christopher D. Byrne, Sam Wilding, Victoria Goss, Jocelyn Walters, and Zaed Z. Hamady. "DEPEND study protocol: early detection of patients with pancreatic cancer – a pilot study to evaluate the utility of faecal elastase-1 and ¹³C-mixed triglyceride breath test as screening tools in high-risk individuals." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e057271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057271.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionPancreatic cancer (PC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in the UK. The incidence of PC is increasing, with little or no improvement in overall survival and the best chance for long-term survival in patients with PC relies on early detection and surgical resection. In this study, we propose the use of a diagnostic algorithm that combines tests of pancreatic exocrine function (faecal elastase-1 (FE-1) test and the 13C-mixed triglyceride (13C-MTG) breath test) to identify patients with PC that urgently needs imaging studies.Methods and analysisThis prospective pilot (proof of concept) study will be carried out on 25 patients with resectable PC, 10 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 25 healthy volunteers. This study will construct a predictive algorithm for PC, using two tests of pancreatic exocrine function, FE-1 test and the 13C-MTG breath test. Continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry in the 13C-MTG breath test will be used to analyse enriched 13CO2 in exhaled breath samples. The additional predictive benefit of other potential biomarkers of PC will also be considered. Potential biomarkers of PC showing abilities to discriminate between patients with PC from healthy subjects or patients with chronic pancreatitis will be selected by metabolomic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the North of Scotland Research and Ethics Committee on 1 October 2020 (reference: 20/NS/0105, favourable opinion granted). The results will be disseminated in presentations at academic national/international conferences and publication in peer-review journals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Fink, Tamara, Klaus Failing, Christian Borsch, Clemens Kunz, Richard Clemence, Karine Savary-Bataille, Reto Neiger, and Silke Schmitz. "Effects of the neurokinin-1 antagonist maropitant on canine gastric emptying assessed by radioscintigraphy and breath test." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 44, no. 03 (2016): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15654/tpk-150039.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryObjective: Delayed gastric emptying is a well-recognised phenomenon in a number of canine disease conditions. Only a limited number of drugs have been reported to have some gastrokinetic effect in the dog. The aim of this study was to investigate prokinetic effects of maropitant. Material and methods: In a cross-over study 24 healthy adult Beagle dogs were randomised to receive either maropitant (2 mg/kg q24 h PO), cisapride (1 mg/kg q12 h PO) or placebo (vitamin- B12, 10 μg/dog q24 h PO) for 7 days with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Gastric emptying was measured simultaneously via 99mTechnetium radioscintigraphy and 13C-sodium acetate breath testing for 6 hours post-feeding. The decrease in radioactive counts in the stomach and the increase in 13CO2 concentration in exhaled breath (measured via gas chromatography) were plotted against time. The area under the curve was determined for each test and the time to 25%, 50% and 75% gastric emptying was calculated for each method. Friedman test was used to compare gastric emptying times. Results: With both methods, no difference for gastric emptying times was observed for any treatment. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Neither maropitant nor cisapride were shown to have an effect on gastric emptying in healthy beagles using radioscintigraphy or breath test when compared to placebo. Consequently, neither drug can be recommended as a gastric prokinetic in dogs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Opekun, Antone R., Albert M. Balesh, and Harold T. Shelby. "Use of the Biphasic13C-Sucrose/Glucose Breath Test to Assess Sucrose Maldigestion in Adults with Functional Bowel Disorders." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7952891.

Full text

Abstract:

Sucrase insufficiency has been observed in children with of functional bowel disorders (FBD) and symptoms of dietary carbohydrate intolerance may be indistinguishable from those of FBD. A two-phase13C-sucrose/13C-glucose breath test (13C-S/GBT) was used to assess sucrase activity because disaccharidase assays are seldom performed in adults. When13C-sucrose is hydrolyzed to liberate monosaccharides, oxidation to13CO2is a proportional indicator of sucrase activity. Subsequently,13C-glucose oxidation rate was determined after a secondary substrate ingestion (superdose) to adjust for individual habitus effects (Phase II).13CO2enrichment recovery ratio from13C-sucrose and secondary13C-glucose loads reflect the individualized sucrase activity [Coefficient of Glucose Oxidation for Sucrose(CGO-S)]. To determine if sucrase insufficiency could be a factor in FBD,13C-S/GBT was validated using subjects with known sucrase gene mutation status by comparing13CO2-breath enrichment with plasma13C-glucose enrichment.13C-S/GBT was used to assess sucrose digestion in FBD patients and asymptomatic controls.13CO2-breath enrichment correlated with the appearance of13C-sucrose-derived glucose in plasma (r2=0.80). Mean, control group CGO-S-enrichment outcomes were 1.01 at 60′, 0.92 at 75′, and 0.96 at mean 60′–75′ with normal CGO-S defined as >0.85 (95% C.I.). In contrast, FBD patients demonstrated lower CGO-S values of 0.77 at 60′, 0.77 at 75′, and 0.76 at mean 60′–75′ (Chi Square: 6.55;p<0.01), which points to sucrose maldigestion as a cause of FBD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Wutzke, Klaus D., and Kerstin V. Schmidek. "The effect of resistant starches on fat oxidation in healthy adults as measured by a 13CO2-breath test." Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 53, no. 6 (June 2, 2017): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2017.1328418.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Schmitz, S., N. Jansen, K. Failing, and R. Neiger. "13C-sodium acetate breath test for evaluation of gastric emptying times in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 41, no. 02 (2013): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623691.

Full text

Abstract:

Summary Objective: The aim of the study was to assess solid phase gastric emptying via non-invasive 13C-sodium acetate breath test in large breed dogs with or without gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Material and methods: Dogs were recruited into one of the following groups: group 1 = healthy large breed dogs with no history of GDV, group 2 = dogs that underwent elective abdominal surgery for reasons unrelated to the gastrointestinal tract, and group 3 = dogs that underwent laparotomy and gastropexy to correct GDV. The dogs were fed a test meal containing 100 mg 13C-sodium acetate (for group 2 and 3, this was < 48 hours post-operatively). Breath samples were obtained at baseline and every 30 minutes for 3 hours, then every hour for a total of 7 hours. 12CO2/13CO2 ratio was measured for each breath sample via non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy and 25%, 50% and 75% gastric emptying times were calculated and compared between groups. Results: Gastric emptying times were significantly prolonged in dogs undergoing surgery (group 2) compared to group 1 and 3. Also, gastric emptying times of dogs with GDV were significantly prolonged compared to controls, but not to the same extent as dogs in group 2. Conclusion and clinical significance: There was a significant effect of abdominal surgery on gastric emptying times. Surprisingly, dogs after GDV surgery and gastropexy had shorter gastric emptying times than dogs undergoing laparotomy for reasons other than GDV, but still prolonged compared to healthy controls. The reason for these differences requires further study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Manoli, Irini, Alexandra R. Pass, Elizabeth A. Harrington, Jennifer L. Sloan, Jack Gagné, Samantha McCoy, Sarah L. Bell, et al. "1-13C-propionate breath testing as a surrogate endpoint to assess efficacy of liver-directed therapies in methylmalonic acidemia (MMA)." Genetics in Medicine 23, no. 8 (April 5, 2021): 1522–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41436-021-01143-8.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Purpose To develop a safe and noninvasive in vivo assay of hepatic propionate oxidative capacity. Methods A modified 1-13C-propionate breath test was administered to 57 methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) subjects, including 19 transplant recipients, and 16 healthy volunteers. Isotopomer enrichment (13CO2/12CO2) was measured in exhaled breath after an enteral bolus of sodium-1-13C-propionate, and normalized for CO2 production. 1-13C-propionate oxidation was then correlated with clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters collected via a dedicated natural history protocol. Results Lower propionate oxidation was observed in patients with the severe mut0 and cblB subtypes of MMA, but was near normal in those with the cblA and mut− forms of the disorder. Liver transplant recipients demonstrated complete restoration of 1-13C-propionate oxidation to control levels. 1-13C-propionate oxidation correlated with cognitive test result, growth indices, bone mineral density, renal function, and serum biomarkers. Test repeatability was robust in controls and in MMA subjects (mean coefficient of variation 6.9% and 12.8%, respectively), despite widely variable serum methylmalonic acid concentrations in the patients. Conclusion Propionate oxidative capacity, as measured with 1-13C-propionate breath testing, predicts disease severity and clinical outcomes, and could be used to assess the therapeutic effects of liver-targeted genomic therapies for MMA and related disorders of propionate metabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION This clinical study is registered in www.clinicaltrials.gov with the ID: NCT00078078. Study URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00078078

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Di Ciaula, Agostino, Giuseppe Calamita, Harshitha Shanmugam, Mohamad Khalil, Leonilde Bonfrate, David Q. H. Wang, Gyorgy Baffy, and Piero Portincasa. "Mitochondria Matter: Systemic Aspects of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Diagnostic Assessment of Liver Function by Stable Isotope Dynamic Breath Tests." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 7702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147702.

Full text

Abstract:

The liver plays a key role in systemic metabolic processes, which include detoxification, synthesis, storage, and export of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The raising trends of obesity and metabolic disorders worldwide is often associated with the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has become the most frequent type of chronic liver disorder with risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver mitochondria play a key role in degrading the pathways of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and xenobiotics, and to provide energy for the body cells. The morphological and functional integrity of mitochondria guarantee the proper functioning of β-oxidation of free fatty acids and of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Evaluation of the liver in clinical medicine needs to be accurate in NAFLD patients and includes history, physical exam, imaging, and laboratory assays. Evaluation of mitochondrial function in chronic liver disease and NAFLD is now possible by novel diagnostic tools. “Dynamic” liver function tests include the breath test (BT) based on the use of substrates marked with the non-radioactive, naturally occurring stable isotope 13C. Hepatocellular metabolization of the substrate will generate 13CO2, which is excreted in breath and measured by mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy. Breath levels of 13CO2 are biomarkers of specific metabolic processes occurring in the hepatocyte cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria. 13C-BTs explore distinct chronic liver diseases including simple liver steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, drug, and alcohol effects. In NAFLD, 13C-BT use substrates such as α-ketoisocaproic acid, methionine, and octanoic acid to assess mitochondrial oxidation capacity which can be impaired at an early stage of disease. 13C-BTs represent an indirect, cost-effective, and easy method to evaluate dynamic liver function. Further applications are expected in clinical medicine. In this review, we discuss the involvement of liver mitochondria in the progression of NAFLD, together with the role of 13C-BT in assessing mitochondrial function and its potential use in the prevention and management of NAFLD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Morrison, Douglas J., Roza Zavoshy, Christine A. Edwards, Brian Dodson, Tom Preston, and Lawrence T. Weaver. "Lactose [13C]Ureide as a marker for colonic fermentation and the deconvolution of a complex 13CO2 breath test curve." Biochemical Society Transactions 26, no. 2 (May 1, 1998): S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst026s184.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Cunha, Geraldo Felicio, Luiz de Marco, Luciana Bastos-Rodrigues, Marina Borges Bolina, Flavia Linhares Martins, Gerson Antonio Pianetti, Isabela Costa Cesar, and Luiz Gonzaga Coelho. "13C-uracil breath test to predict 5-fluorouracil toxicity in gastrointestinal cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e13008-e13008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e13008.

Full text

Abstract:

e13008 Background: Up to 30% of patients on 5-fluorouracil (5FU) experience severe toxicity. Dihydropyrimidine-dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency explains 36-61% of cases. Predicting toxicity is an unmet challenge. Uracil breath test (UraBT) consists of measuring 13CO2 in exhaled breath after ingestion of 2-13C-uracil to evaluate pyrimidine (and 5FU) catabolism. Methods: We studied 33 gastrointestinal cancer patients previously exposed to 5FU: thirteen had grade 3-4 and 20, grade 0-1 toxicity. Groups were well-balanced regarding: age (median, 57 years); gender (males, 35%); primary (colorectal, 90%); ethnicity (Caucasians, 55%); chemotherapy (Mayo clinic regimen, 75%). Main toxicities were febrile neutropenia, diarrhea and stomatitis. Tests used to evaluate pyrimidine catabolism: (1) sequencing of three exons of DPYD; (2) plasma dihydrouracil/uracil ratio (UH2/U); (3) UraBT. We tested the performance of UraBT to discriminate patients who had grade 0-1 toxicity versus grade 3-4 toxicity and patients with and without proven DPD-deficiency. DPD-deficients were defined as having had grade 3-4 toxicity plus either UH2/U < 1.8 or deleterious mutation. Results: 4/13 grade 3-4 toxicity patients proved to be DPD-deficient: three had deleterious mutations (IVS14+1G>A in one; SNP 2846A>T in two), and one had low UH2/U ratio. Mean delta over baseline in 50 minutes (DOB50) significantly differed between groups. DOB50 ≤ 161.4 discriminated individuals with grade 3-4 versus grade 0-1 toxicity (sensitivity= 61.5%; specificity= 85%) and DPD-deficient versus non DPD-deficient (sensitivity= 75%; specificity= 85%). Conclusions: UraBT is a non-invasive and easy to perform method with promising accuracy in discriminating individuals with severe toxicity to 5FU, comparing favorably to most tests available to predict 5FU toxicity. [Table: see text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ивашкин, В. Т., С. Г. Касоев, and Е. В. Степанов. "Анализ изотопического состава выдыхаемого воздуха методами диодной лазерной спектроскопии в районе 2 μm для диагностики Helicobacter pylori-ассоциированных заболеваний-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-." Журнал технической физики 126, no. 6 (2019): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.06.47774.55-19.

Full text

Abstract:

Spectral analysis of 13СО2/12СО2 isotope ratio in exhaled air based on tunable diode laser spec-troscopy was applied for diagnostics of digestive organ diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Special spectrophotometer based on tunable diode laser was developed for the analysis of breath isotope content. Spectral range near 2.05 microns where the rotational-vibration R-branch of the 20013-00001 band of 12CO2 interferes with the P-branch of the 20012-00001 band of 13CO2 was used. The 13C-Urea Breath Test (13C-UDT) was used for the H. pylori infection diagnostic in gastrointestinal tract of 309 tested persons. The results of the isotope breath test were compared with the data of morphological analysis of gastric and duodenal mu-cosa obtained by fibrogastroduodenoscopia. For the first time the total value of the histology analysis results for biopsy material taken in the stomach body, in the distal part of stomach and in the duodenum was proposed to be used for the comparative analysis with 13C-UBT data. A relationship of 13C-UBT data with age, nosology, activity and severity of inflammation process, atrophy degree, and type of eradication therapy was analyzed. Distribution of 13C-UBT data ob-tained before and after therapy was demonstrated to reflect epidemiology of gastroduodenal dis-eases, H.pylori infection incidence, specifics of gastrointestinal tract colonization by H.pylori, parameters of inflammation process, as well as therapy effectiveness and peculiarity of the in-fection restoration at failed eradication therapy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Seal, Chris J., Mark E. Daly, Lois C. Thomas, Wendy Bal, Anne M. Birkett, Roger Jeffcoat, and John C. Mathers. "Postprandial carbohydrate metabolism in healthy subjects and those with type 2 diabetes fed starches with slow and rapid hydrolysis rates determined in vitro." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 5 (November 2003): 853–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003972.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of starches with differing rates of hydrolysis on exposure to pancreatin in vitro on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism in healthy subjects and in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Two test starches, prepared from uncooked native granular starch products, and naturally enriched with 13C, were consumed in a randomized crossover design by eight healthy and thirteen type 2 diabetic subjects. One starch was characterized in vitro as being rapidly hydrolysed (R, 94% after 180min), and the other was more slowly hydrolysed (S, 51% after 180min). Each subject consumed 50g of each test starch. In addition, the type 2 diabetic subjects consumed 89·7g of the S starch on a separate occasion. Blood samples were taken at 10min intervals for 3h, and at 20min intervals for a further 3h during a 6h postprandial period. Breath 13CO2 enrichment was measured at the same time points, and indirect calorimetry was performed for seven 20min sessions immediately before and during the 6h postprandial period. With the R starch, plasma glucose concentrations and serum insulin concentrations rose faster and the maximum glucose change was approximately 1·8 times that for the S starch, averaged across both subject groups. The areas under the curves for glucose and insulin were, respectively, 1·7 and 1·8 times higher for the R starch compared with the S starch, averaged across both subject groups. The rate of 13CO2 output and the proportion of 13C recovered in breath after consumption of the R starch was similar for both subject groups. The results provide evidence that starches which have different rates of hydrolysis in vitro result in different patterns of glycaemia and insulinaemia in both healthy adults and in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic subjects. Data from the hydrolysis of novel starch products in vitro, therefore, are useful in predicting glycaemic responses in vivo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

WATTS, G. F., D. C. F. CHAN, P. H. R. BARRETT, I. J. MARTINS, and T. G. REDGRAVE. "Preliminary experience with a new stable isotope breath test for chylomicron remnant metabolism: a study in central obesity." Clinical Science 101, no. 6 (November 20, 2001): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1010683.

Full text

Abstract:

We aimed to investigate the metabolism of chylomicron remnants in the postabsorptive state employing a new stable isotope breath test in centrally obese men without overt hyperlipidaemia. Groups of 12 centrally obese and 12 non-obese men of similar age and with similar plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol (triglyceride) levels were studied. The catabolism of chylomicron remnants was measured using an intravenous injection of a remnant-like emulsion containing cholesteryl [13C]oleate. Isotopic enrichment of 13CO2 in breath was determined using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and a multi-compartmental model (SAAM II program) was used to estimate the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of the chylomicron remnant-like particles. The plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and insulin were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the obese than the control subjects. The obese subjects had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) and, in particular, a decreased FCR of the remnant-like particles compared with lean subjects (0.061±0.014 and 0.201±0.048pools/h respectively; P = 0.016). In the obese group, the FCR of remnant-like particles was inversely associated with the waist/hip ratio, and with plasma triacylglycerol, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol levels. In multiple regression analysis, the waist/hip ratio was the best predictor of the FCR of the emulsion. In conclusion, this new test suggests that postabsorptive chylomicron remnant catabolism is impaired in centrally obese subjects without overt hyperlipidaemia. This defect may be due to the degree of adiposity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Lagacé, Jean-Christophe, Jasmine Paquin, Renaud Tremblay, Philippe St-Martin, Daniel Tessier, Mélanie Plourde, Eléonor Riesco, and Isabelle J. Dionne. "The Influence of Family History of Type 2 Diabetes on Metabolism during Submaximal Aerobic Exercise and in the Recovery Period in Postmenopausal Women." Nutrients 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 4638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14214638.

Full text

Abstract:

Aging and family history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are known risk factors of T2D. Younger first-degree relatives (FDR) of T2D patients have shown early metabolic alterations, which could limit exercise’s ability to prevent T2D. Thus, the objective was to determine whether exercise metabolism was altered during submaximal exercise in FDR postmenopausal women. Nineteen inactive postmenopausal women (control: 10, FDR: 9) aged 60 to 75 years old underwent an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with intensity ranging from 40 to 70% of peak power output. Participants consumed 50 mg of 13C-palmitate 2 h before the test. At the end of each stage, glucose, lactate, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and 13C-palmitate were measured in plasma, and 13CO2 was measured in breath samples. Gas exchanges and heart rate were both monitored continuously. There were no between-group differences in substrate oxidation, plasma substrate concentrations or 13C recovered in plasma or breath. Interestingly, despite exercising at a similar relative intensity to control, FDR were consistently at a lower percentage of heart rate reserve. Overall, substrate plasma concentration and oxidation are not affected by family history of T2D in postmenopausal women and therefore not a participating mechanism in the altered response to exercise previously reported. More studies are required to better understand the mechanisms involved in this response.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Mattison, Lori K., Jeanne Fourie, Yukihiro Hirao, Toshihisa Koga, Renee A. Desmond, Jennifer R. King, Takefumi Shimizu, and Robert B. Diasio. "The Uracil Breath Test in the Assessment of Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Activity: Pharmacokinetic Relationship between Expired 13CO2 and Plasma [2-13C]Dihydrouracil." Clinical Cancer Research 12, no. 2 (January 15, 2006): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2020.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Tanis, A. A., T. Rietveld, J. L. D. Wattimena, J. W. O. van den Berg, and G. R. Swart. "The 13CO2 breath test for liver glycogen oxidation after 3-day labeling of the liver with a naturally 13C-enriched diet." Nutrition 19, no. 5 (May 2003): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(02)01004-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Kaneshima, Kendai, Akiyoshi Seshimo, Kunitomo Miyake, Shingo Kameoka, and Satoru Shimizu. "Examination of the Relationship Between Postoperative Quality of Life and Gastric Emptying Function After Pylorus-Preserving Gastrectomy and Distal Gastrectomy." International Surgery 100, no. 11-12 (November 1, 2015): 1429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-14-00263.1.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to compare postoperative quality of life (QOL) of patients with early cancer of the body of the stomach who were treated with pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) and those treated with distal gastrectomy (DGR), and to evaluate the relationship between postoperative QOL and gastric emptying function (GEF). Patients with early cancer of the body of the stomach are often treated with PPG to preserve gastric function, and their QOL appears to be better after PPG than after DGR. Differences in postoperative GEF are thought to be a factor, but the relationship between GEF and postoperative QOL has not been well investigated. A total of 60 patients [23 PPG and 37 DGR (Billroth I)] completed QOL surveys [SF-36, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)] and underwent 13C-breath tests to evaluate GEF in two groups (≤12 months postoperatively and >12 months postoperatively). The time until the percentage of breath 13CO2 reaches a peak during the 13C-breath test (Tmax), which is an index of gastric emptying velocity, was evaluated. For the SF-36, there were no significant differences between the two procedures. For GSRS, a trend toward better scores was seen after PPG; abdominal pain and total scores at >12 months postoperatively were significantly better with PPG. Tmax was significantly longer for PPG patients. For each procedure, symptoms significantly worsened when Tmax was <21 minutes at >12 months after surgery. Although postoperative GEF evaluated by 13C-breath tests did not affect overall QOL measured by the SF-36, it did affect disease-specific QOL measured by GSRS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sanaka, Masaki, Takatsugu Yamamoto, Hiroko Tsutsumi, Koichiro Abe, and Yasushi Kuyama. "WAGNER-NELSON METHOD FOR ANALYSING THE ATYPICAL DOUBLE-PEAKED [13CO2] EXCRETION CURVE IN THE [13C]-OCTANOATE GASTRIC EMPTYING BREATH TEST IN HUMANS." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 32, no. 7 (July 13, 2005): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04235.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Bryant, L. K., R. J. Fraser, R. Vozzo, B. Zacharakis, G. M. Matthews, and R. Butler. "Stimulation of small intestinal burst activity in the postprandial state differentially affects lipid and glucose absorption in healthy adult humans." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 287, no. 5 (November 2004): G1028—G1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00091.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

Small intestinal motor activity is important for the optimal digestion and absorption of nutrients. These motor responses to feeding are frequently abnormal during critical illness, with the persistence of migrating bursts of contractions during enteral feeding. Whether this disturbance influences nutrient absorption is not known. In this study, the effects of small intestinal burst activity on lipid and glucose absorption were evaluated in 10 healthy human adults (6 males, 4 females, 19–47 yr). Upper gastrointestinal manometry was recorded for 6 h during and shortly after a 20-min intravenous infusion of either erythromycin (1 mg/kg), to stimulate burst activity, or saline (0.9%) in a double-blind randomized fashion. Simultaneously with the start of the intravenous infusion, 60 ml liquid feed mixed with 200 μl 13C-triolein and 2 g 3- O-methylglucose (3-OMG) was infused intraduodenally for 30 min. Absorption of lipid and glucose was assessed using the [13C]triolein breath test and plasma concentrations of 3-OMG, respectively. Infusion of erythromycin was followed by a more rapid onset of burst activity following commencement of the duodenal infusion compared with saline (30 ± 6.1 vs. 58 ± 10.7 min; P < 0.05). Erythromycin was associated with a slower recovery of 13CO2 ( P < 0.01). A positive correlation existed between the time to onset of burst activity and 13CO2 recovery ( P < 0.001). Erythromycin had no effect on 3-OMG absorption. In conclusion, stimulation of small intestinal burst activity reduces the rate of lipid absorption but not glucose absorption in healthy human adults.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Portincasa, Piero, Ignazio Grattagliano, Bernhard H. Lauterburg, Vincenzo O. Palmieri, Giuseppe Palasciano, and Frans Stellaard. "Liver breath tests non-invasively predict higher stages of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis." Clinical Science 111, no. 2 (July 13, 2006): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20050346.

Full text

Abstract:

Effectively assessing subtle hepatic metabolic functions by novel non-invasive tests might be of clinical utility in scoring NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and in identifying altered metabolic pathways. The present study was conducted on 39 (20 lean and 19 obese) hypertransaminasemic patients with histologically proven NAFLD {ranging from simple steatosis to severe steatohepatitis [NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis)] and fibrosis} and 28 (20 lean and eight overweight) healthy controls, who underwent stable isotope breath testing ([13C]methacetin and [13C]ketoisocaproate) for microsomal and mitochondrial liver function in relation to histology, serum hyaluronate, as a marker of liver fibrosis, and body size. Compared with healthy subjects and patients with simple steatosis, NASH patients had enhanced methacetin demethylation (P=0.001), but decreased (P=0.001) and delayed (P=0.006) ketoisocaproate decarboxylation, which was inversely related (P=0.001) to the degree of histological fibrosis (r=−0.701), serum hyaluronate (r=−0.644) and body size (r=−0.485). Ketoisocaproate decarboxylation was impaired further in obese patients with NASH, but not in patients with simple steatosis and in overweight controls. NASH and insulin resistance were independently associated with an abnormal ketoisocaproate breath test (P=0.001). The cut-off value of 9.6% cumulative expired 13CO2 for ketoisocaproate at 60 min was associated with the highest prediction (positive predictive value, 0.90; negative predictive value, 0.73) for NASH, yielding an overall sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 94%. In conclusion, both microsomal and mitochondrial functions are disturbed in NASH. Therefore stable isotope breath tests may usefully contribute to a better and non-invasive characterization of patients with NAFLD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Weaver, L. T., B. Dibba, B. Sonko, T. D. Bohane, and S. Hoare. "Measurement of starch digestion of naturally 13C-enriched weaning foods, before and after partial digestion with amylase-rich flour, using a 13C breath test." British Journal of Nutrition 74, no. 4 (October 1995): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950156.

Full text

Abstract:

Malnutrition in infancy is a global problem which leads to retardation of childhood growth and development. There is a pressing need to improve weaning strategies for infants of the developing world. Traditional Gambian weaning foods are watery and of low energy density, but addition of energy in the form of fat and carbohydrate leads to thick, viscous gruels which are difficult to ingest. Partial digestion with amylase (EC3·2·1·1)-rich flour reduces their viscosity while retaining their energy density. The aim of the present study was to measure the digestibility of a maize-based weaning food, before and after amylase digestion, in malnourished children using a 13C breath test. Ten children (aged 7–16 months; mean weight-for-age Z score −0·8) received isovolumetric and isoenergetic quantities of a maize-based weaning food naturally abundant with 13C. Breath samples were collected at intervals of 30 min for 5 h thereafter and 13CO2 enrichment was measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Percentage dose of 13C recovered increased from a mean 13·7 (SD 3·7)% before, to 18·3 (SD 5·6)% after ingestion of amylase-treated weaning foods (P < 0·1). There was a significant inverse relation between age and weight, and percentage dose of 13C recovered in children receiving amylase-treated feeds. There were no differences in concentrations of amylase in saliva of infants or breast milk of their mothers. Partial digestion of supplementary foods may improve the nutrition of undernourished weaning children, not only by reducing their viscosity, thereby increasing ingestion, but also by improving their digestion and thereby their absorption.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Tanis, A. A., J. W. O. van den Berg, T. Rietveld, J. L. D. Wattimena, and G. R. Swart. "P.4 A new model to monitor the depletion time of liver glycogen using a 13CO2 breath test and natural 13C-enriched carbuhydrates." Clinical Nutrition 14 (August 1995): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(95)80153-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Wutzke, KD, WE Heine, C. Plath, P. Leitzmann, M. Radke, C. Mohr, I. Richter, HU Gülzow, and D. Hobusch. "Evaluation of oro-coecal transit time: a comparison of the lactose-[13C, 15N]ureide 13CO2- and the lactulose H2-breath test in humans." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 51, no. 1 (January 1997): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600353.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Sirchak, Ye S., and V. Ye Barani. "Evaluation of Substitution Enzyme Therapy of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency of Pancreatic Gland in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Pancreatitis." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no. 6 (December 12, 2020): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.06.163.

Full text

Abstract:

The study of the combined course of chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus present a particular interest. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of correction of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency of the pancreas in patients with chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 with using of different forms and doses of polyenzyme drugs. Material and methods. 126 patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic pancreatitis were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1 group included 62 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and 2 group comprised 64 patients with type 2 diabetes. All surveyed patients underwent general clinical, anthropometric, instrumental and laboratory methods of investigation. Patients of both groups were divided into subgroups depending on the method of correction of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, namely 1.1 and 2.1 subgroups received tableted polyenzyme preparation with minimal lipase activity of 10000 IU as enzyme therapy, and 1.2 and 2.2 subgroups received mini-tableted polyenzyme preparation with minimal lipase activity of 25000 IU. Results and discussion. The use of mini-tableted polyenzyme preparation with minimal lipase activity of 25000 IU according to the results of C13-mixed triglyceride and C13-amylase breath tests was an effective method for the correction of exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas in patients with chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. We detected a statistically significant increase of the maximally concentration of 13CO2 between 150 and 210 minutes of the study (up to 9.2±0.4% 1.2 subgroup and up to 9.7±0.5% in patients 2.2 subgroup), as well as the total concentration of 13CO2 in at the end of 360 minutes of the study (up to 19.7±0.6% and up to 27.3±1.1%) according to the results of C13-mixed triglyceride breath tests, p<0,05. Conclusion. The use of a mini-tableted polyenzyme preparation with a minimum lipase activity of 25000 IU was a more effective method for correction of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, than using a tableted polyenzyme preparation in a dose of 20000 IU per main meal. The study results showed that using C13-mixed triglyceride and C13-amylase breath test were highly informative methods for evaluating the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients with chronic pancreatitis and type 1 and 2 diabetes. The use of a mini-tablet polyenzyme drug in patients with chronic pancreatitis and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus is an effective means to normalize the manifestations of malabsorption in terms of α1-antitrypsin clearance

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Malczyk, Żaneta, Wojciech Roczniak, Bogdan Mazur, Jarosław Kwiecień, Katarzyna Ziora, Karolina Górska-Flak, and Joanna Oświęcimska. "Exocrine Pancreatic Function in Girls with Anorexia Nervosa." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 3280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093280.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives: To assess pancreatic exocrine function in patients with anorexia nervosa using a breath test with 13C-labeled mixed triglycerides (MTG-BT) and to determine the relationship between the test results and selected biochemical and hormonal parameters. Material and methods: Anthropometric measurements, biochemical and hormonal parameters (serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sLR), acylated and desacylated ghrelin, free leptin index (FLI)), and MTG-BT were performed in a group of 31 girls with the restrictive type of AN, as well as 38 healthy girls (C). Results: The average cumulative dose of 13C-triglycerides recovered with exhaled air (%CD) was similar in both study groups, while the average time from 13C-triglycerides administration to peak 13CO2 excretion in expired air (time to peak (TTP)) was significantly longer in patients with AN compared to C. In both groups, %CD correlated negatively with FLI. TTP correlated negatively with sLR and FLI in the AN and with serum insulin and HOMA-IR values in the C. Conclusions: In girls with AN, the pancreatic efficiency of lipase secretion was found to be normal, while the kinetics of this enzyme secretion were disturbed. These changes may result from disorders in the functioning of the adipose–insular and islet–acinar axes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Tanis, A. A., T. Rietveld, J. L. D. Wattimena, J. W. O. van den Berg, and G. R. Swart. "P.5 The influence of a West-European diet on the 13CO2-enrichment in breath in a rural African setting. A validation of a breath test to monitor the depletion of liver glycogen." Clinical Nutrition 16 (August 1997): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(97)80129-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic '13CO2 breath test'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles