Dissertations / Theses on the topic '12th century'
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1
Deike, Michael W. "Tundale’s Vision: Socialization in 12th Century Ireland." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/182.
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The purpose of this project is to explore the historical image of Hell in Medieval Europe as an agent of socialization for illiterate Christian communities. The project focuses on a literary work, Tundale’s Vision, written in 1149 C.E in Cashel, Ireland. Tundale’s Vision came from a genre of vision literature derived from popular oracular folk tradition surrounding the image of Hell that served the purpose of socializing Christian communities to certain social norms and stigmas presented by the author. Vision literature would be used by preachers in vernacular sermons throughout the Medieval period in order to reinforce moral and social messages presented in to their congregations, and it drew much of its themes and imagery from folk traditions in order to be more relatable to local communities. This research provides a historical context from which this genre of literature emerged including a discourse on how it gained power as an agent of socialization in Medieval Europe. Time is devoted to the historical state of what are generally considered primary agents of socialization in human societies throughout Medieval Europe, and research reveals that much of these agents, aside from religion, were inaccessible to the majority of Medieval Europeans, especially those of the lower class.
Additionally, this project provides information on the rise in popularity of the artistic image of Hell in the Medieval period. The analysis of Tundale’s Vision, a work that emerged from this environment saturated with artistic depictions of Hell, reconstructs potential social norms and stigmas of 12th century Ireland relating to a contemporary reform movement within the Irish Christian church. This analysis provides the historical origin of many images commonly associated with the popular Medieval conception of Hell as it appears in Tundale’s Vision, and it analyzes the use of the fear of a painful afterlife in order spread and reinforce ideals presented by the Christian Church. Much of this project draws from the scholarly works of Gwenfair Adams and John Seymour who produced research concerning Tundale’s Vision, other works of vision literature, and their impact on Medieval Christian communities. The power of religious artwork in the process of socialization in Medieval Ireland should become apparent throughout this work.
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Khan, Robert Omar. "Ariake no Wakare, genre, gender, and genealogy in a late 12th century Monogatari." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0008/NQ34561.pdf.
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Thoeming, Alix. "Exploring interconnectivity and similarity in the rune-stones of 10th-12th century Sweden." Thesis, Department of Archaeology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10176.
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What began as a study of difference in the 10th-12th century rune-stones of Sweden has become a case study in homogeneity. These ‘close-knit’ people as described by Olrik in 1930 (:4) were much more interconnected than the current literature generally suggests, and clearly had communication networks running the length and breadth of settled Sweden. A result of the trade and wealth that characterised pre-Medieval Sweden, the rune-stones illustrate just how small and intertwined the world of the Scandinavians actually was. They suggest an interconnectivity that is now only just beginning to be recognised. The initial rapid proliferation of a small, highly integrated tradition that then contracted to the Mälaren Valley may be indicative of a society at a cultural ‘crossroads’, caught between the traditions of the past and the consequences of trade.
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Kirmizi, Burcu. "Material Characterization Of The Late 12th-13th Century Byzantine Ceramics From Kusadasi Kadikalesi/anaia." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614094/index.pdf.
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This study investigates the petrographical and chemical characteristics of a group of Zeuxippus Ware Related Ceramics dating to the late 12th-13th centuries from Kusadasi Kadikalesi/Anaia. Kadikalesi was a Byzantine fortress at the coast of Aegean Sea. It was also a significant commercial port and an episcopacy center during the 13th century.
In this study, visual classifications of the ceramics were carried out based on their stylistic properties. Then, ceramic samples were investigated by several methods including mineralogical, micromorphological, chemical (SEM-EDX, ICP-OES, ICP-MS) and Raman Spectrometry techniques and further evaluated by statistical analyses. Bodies are found to be rich in SiO2 and Al2O3 while relatively
high amounts of Fe2O3 measured, agree well with their reddish bodies. These
bodies mostly display micaceous matrix with a relatively low degree of
vitrification. Cluster analysis performed among thirty selected samples, points out the presence of two main groups. Observed slip layers are also found to be rich in SiO2 and Al2O3 contents and exhibit various types of crystalline and/or vitreous matrix. Glazes are found to be high lead glazes processed at or below. The glazes are found to be high lead glazes processed at or below 700°C as confirmed by SEM-EDX and Raman spectrometry investigations. Iron compounds are the major coloring agents for most of the glazes analyzed regardless of their observed colors. Presence of Raman peaks in some yellow glazes which may be assigned to a solid solution of Naples yellow type of pigment is significant since its use in the Byzantine period as a glaze pigment has been scarcely reported before.
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Bolding, Sharon Lynn Dunkel. "When worlds collide : structure and fantastic in selected 12th- and 13th- century French narratives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0002/NQ27109.pdf.
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Nadhiri, Aman Asili Ya Wittig Joseph S. "Sarasins and Franks perceptions of self and the other in 12th-15th century literature /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2212.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English." Discipline: English and Comparative Literature; Department/School: English and Comparative Literative.
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Roveda, Vittorio. "Narrative reliefs of the SW and NW western corner pavilions of Angkor Wat." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313427.
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OZAWA, Minoru. "From Runic Stone to Charter : Transformation of property confirmation in 11th and 12th century Denmark." 名古屋大学大学院文学研究科, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13996.
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Ostapkowicz, Joanna. "Taino wooden sculpture : Duhos, rulership and the visual arts in the 12th-16th century Caribbean." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300073.
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Stiles, Paula R. "Christian and non-Christian Templar associates in the 12th and 13th century crown of Aragon." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13665.
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This thesis seeks to illuminate the nature, extent and complexity of Templar interactions with their associates, particularly non-Christians, women and Mozarabs, by examining these interactions where the most evidence exists for them---northeastern Spain. Evidence for Temple associations with both Christians and non-Christians is strongest and most prolonged here. The overall nature of these interactions was friendlier than expected in a crusading group. In fact, Templars actively competed with the secular Church, nobility and the king in the Crown of Aragon for lordship over non-Christians because non-Christians were a lucrative tax base. Some non-Christians also sought association with the Templars because the Templars were a strong, international group with friendly ties to the Aragonese kings. The Temple could therefore offer protection from other lords against excessive taxation and exploitation, and physical attack. Documentary evidence shows mutually beneficial interactions as the Temple's (and its non-Christian associates') ongoing preference over time and space. Chapter one examines Templar interactions in general, both with associates and non-associates. Chapter two looks at Templar associations in Novillas, the first Templar house founded in the Crown of Aragon. Chapter three deals with the Tortosa and the lower Ebro Valley, which has the most varied surviving Templar documentation in the areas studied. Chapter four deals with Gardeny (in Lleida/Lerida), which has the largest number of surviving documents for all of the areas in the study. Chapter five looks at Monzon and Barcelona, the main Templar houses for Aragon and Catalonia respectively. The last chapter deals with Huesca, the northernmost house in the study.
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Reid, Jessica. "The Fortunes of a King: Images of Edward the Confessor in 12th to 14th Century England." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34197.
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This thesis is an iconographic study of Saint-King Edward the Confessor. It focuses on the political and devotional functions of his images in twelfth to fourteenth century England. The images are not concerned with the historical Anglo-Saxon King, but rather depict an idealized and simplified version of Edward. The discrepancies between Edward, the Anglo-Saxon monarch, and his representation in the twelfth to fourteenth centuries provide insight into how he was perceived at the time.
Spanning the reigns of King Henry I to King Richard II, this unique study assembles both royal and ecclesiastical images of Edward to compare and contrast their intended purposes and messages. The study explores the role that Westminster Abbey had in the emergence, adoption, and transformation of Edward’s cult images, and it examines how the English crown subsequently adopted Edward as a saint-king figure under King Henry III and King Richard II. Furthermore, the study reveals elements of cooperation between Westminster Abbey and King Henry III in the presentation and interpretation of Edward’s image. In particular, the first images of Edward as a saint-king were part of a wider hagiographic image cycle developed in Westminster Abbey. The images incorporated Edward’s status as both a king and saint to promote cooperation between the Abbey and the monarchy. Similarly, coronation portraits of King Edward promoted Edward as an ideal king; these images embraced peaceful, Solomonic, and clergy-supported kingship. King Henry III’s images of Edward, found throughout his castles and palaces, built upon Westminster’s format and his messages maintained cooperation with the clergy.
The images evolved under King Richard II as Edward was removed from his hagiographic context. Richard’s images of Edward were personal and self-serving, and Edward became a justification of Richard’s independent and sacral style of kingship. The images evolved from promoting Edward’s style of sainthood and kingship to providing overt divine support for Richard’s reign. This image study illuminates the symbolic purpose of Edward in Medieval English society and how his image was constructed and embraced by Westminster Abbey and the monarchy.
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趙智輝 and Chi-fai Chiu. "A study of the phonology of 12th century China, with reference to Zhu Xi's fanqie notation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208149.
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Ulff-Møller, Nina Konstantinova. "Transcription of the Stichera idiomela for the month of April from Russian manuscripts from the 12th century /." München : O. Sagner, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598717n.
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Labuk, Tomasz. "Gluttons, drunkards and lechers : the discourses of food in 12th-century Byzantine literature : ancient themes and Byzantine innovations." Doctoral thesis, Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/11501.
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Niniejsza praca doktorska przedstawia analizę literackich dyskursów jedzenia oraz jego
konsumpcji, używanych przez bizantyńskich autorów w okresie od połowy wieku jedenastego
do początków wieku trzynastego. Za pomocą pojęcia ‘dyskursu jambicznego’, które
zaproponowane zostało przez Nancy Worman w jej pracy Abusive Mouths in the Classical
Athens autor powyższej rozprawy analizuje w jaki sposób konsumpcja jedzenia oraz ludzkie
ciało używane były w wielu tekstach bizantyńskich, we wspomnianym okresie, jako środek
wyrazu dla inwektywy, satyry, bądź też społecznej krytyki. We Wstępie prezentowany jest
ogólny ogląd studiów poświęconych kwestii konsumpcji w Bizancjum. Znajduje się tu także
omówienie zmian społecznych, które spowodowały niespotykaną dotychczas popularność
komedii Arystofanesa. Ostatnia część wstępu poświęcona jest zarysowaniu stosowanej w
rozprawie metodologii badawczej. Rozdział pierwszy zawiera analizę dwóch literackich
inwektyw napisanych przez Michała Psellosa (In Sabbaitam, In Iacobum) i ukazuje, w jaki
sposób użyto w nich języka oraz estetyki charakterystycznych dla dyskursu jambicznego i w
jaki sposób antyczny dyskurs jambiczny został przez Psellosa zmodyfikowany. W apendyksie
zawarte jest pierwsze całościowe tłumaczenie In Iacobum na język angielski. Rozdział drugi
poświęcony jest anonimowemu dwunastowiecznemu dialogowi pt. Timarion. Część pierwsza
przedstawia dyskusję na temat popularnego w dwunastowiecznym Bizancjum dyskursu, który
utożsamiał produkcję literacką ze sztuką gotowania. W części drugiej analizie poddane zostaje
użycie w Timarionie języka i estetyki charakterystycznych dla starożytnego greckiego dyskursu
jambicznego. Autor stawia tezę, że Timarion powinien być czytany jako kontestacja
środowiska kulturowego, w ramach którego został napisany a elementy ‘jambiczne’
wzmacniają siłę literackiego ataku na społeczeństwo bizantyńskie pod rządami Komnenów.
Rozdział trzeci przedstawia analizę elementów dyskursu jambicznego, obecnych w Historii
Niketasa Choniatesa. Autor przedstawianej rozprawy postuluje, że Choniates świadomie
posługuje się językiem i estetyką charakterystyczną dla dyskursu jambicznego i wielokrotnie
odwołuje się do greckiej tradycji komicznej/jambicznej. Prezentowana tu analiza oparta jest
na wielu przedstawieniach żarłocznych urzędników cesarskich oraz tyrana Andronika I
Komnena, których literackie portrety budowane są w oparciu o motywy i terminy
zaczerpniętych z komedii Arystofanesa. W rozdziale ostatnim przedstawiana jest analiza
czterech literackich tekstów, dotyczących nieudanego przewrotu pałacowego, dokonanego
przez Jana Komnena, zwanego Grubym. Ponownie dyskutowane są liczne motywy komiczne
oraz jambiczne w nich zwarte, częste odwołania do starożytnej tradycji komicznej oraz funkcja
groteskowego/jambicznego ciała Jana.
15
Forward, Alice. "The ceramic evidence for economic life and networks from the 12th to 17th Century Settlement Sites in South Glamorgan." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56805/.
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Orr, Eric D. "Six degrees of Guillelmus Mancip : a study of connections between donors to the military orders in 12th century Toulouse /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131458162.pdf.
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Hannam, Walter. "The Ineuitabile of Honorius Augustodunensis: A Study in the Textures of early Twelfth-Century Augustinianisms." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3048.
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Thesis advisor: Steven F. BrownDespite several centuries of scholarly activity, one of the most outstanding figures of the twelfth-century renaissance, Honorius Augustodunensis, remains an elusive figure. Almost nothing is known of his life--where he was born, where exactly he lived, or where he died. Yet in his own day, Honorius's considerable literary output was extremely popular, was copied in profusion, and housed in libraries across Europe. Unfortunately, most studies of Honorius's works have consisted of very general surveys that oversimplify his thought and present Honorius himself as a `simplistic' thinker. Based upon a new critical edition of the two surviving recensions of Honorius's dialogue, Inevitabile, this study seeks to redress this problem. After a careful review of the scholarly literature on the text, from 1552 to 1996, several passages from both redactions of the Ineuitabile are carefully analyzed to illustrate both the complexity of Honorius's use of his sources (auctores/auctoritates), and his masterful blending of literary allusion with dialectic, which is the foundation of his theological methodology. Finally, it is shown that the doctrine of predestination in the earliest recension of the Inevitabile, which has traditionally been labelled `Augustinian', is in fact based, in large measure, on the teachings of John Scottus Eriugena. This study seeks to change the way that Honorius's texts are read and interpreted, in the firm conviction that only by engaging with the intricacies of his sources and methodology, can his true achievement be understood and the purpose behind his vast corpus of writings be grasped
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Theology
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Campagna, G. "VASSALLI, FAMIGLIE E POTERI A PARMA E NEL TERRITORIO (SECOLI X-XII)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/225642.
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This work analyzes the role of feudo-vassalic relations in Parma and its territory between 10th and 12Th century through the study of those who are qualified in the documents as “vassals” and their families. Even though the highest concentration of the term “vassal” is found in the 10th century, the presence of a typical feudal coordination can be outlined only in the second half of the 12th century. The diffusion of a more formal feudal vocabulary also to lower social levels is due to the modification of private and patrimonial relations taking place by that period. However, the strong power of the Bishop and its tight link to the Regnum has been able to integrate rural lords and emerging urban families in one group – the militia – who led also the first communal institutions. Vassalic bonds were only one of the possible ways to determine political, social and economic relations.
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Cain, Elizabeth P. "The Emergence of the Individual in Eleventh and Twelfth Century Europe: Cistercians to Cowboys." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500503/.
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The purpose and scope of this paper is to discuss the emergence of the individual in the eleventh and twelfth centuries in light of the societal changes occurring at the time, and to establish the fact that this beginning of individualism can be seen particularly in the arts of the time. The evidence presented gives rise to the supposition that the society of the eleventh and twelfth centuries can be defined as humanistic, given that humanism implies a concern with and a concentration upon life on earth as opposed to life in heaven.
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Adhikary, Sanat Kumar. "Study on the archaeological sites of Malda, Dakshindinajpur and Uttar Dinajpur: linking archaeology with geography, society, economy and polity in the changing prespective (C.3rd century B. C. to 12th century AD)." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2019. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4032.
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Balnaves, John, and jojopacme@hotmail com. "Bernard of Morlaix : the Literature of complaint, the Latin tradition and the Twelfth-century Renaissance." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 1998. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020515.114244.
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Bernard of Morlaix was a Cluniac monk who flourished around 1140. What little is known about him, including his visit to Rome, is examined in relation to the affairs of the Cluniac family in his day. A new conjecture is advanced that he was prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou. His poems are discussed as examples of the genre of complaint literature. His treatment of the end of the world, and of death, judgement, heaven and hell, is discussed in relation to twelfth-century monasticism. His castigation of the sins of his time includes some of the earliest estates satire. His anticlericalism and his misogyny are compared with those of his contemporaries, and discussed in the context of twelfth-century monastic culture. Bernards classical learning is analysed and compared with that of his contemporaries, especially John of Salisbury and Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. His use of metre and rhyme is examined in the context of the development of metre based on stress rather than quantity and of systematic and sustained rhyme in the Latin verse of the twelfth century. Bernards use of interpretive and compositional allegory is explored. Bernard is seen as a man of his time, exemplifying a number of twelfth-century characteristics, religious, educational and cultural. Special attention is paid to the Latin literary tradition, and it is suggested that the culture of the twelfth-century was in many respects a culmination rather than a renaissance.
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Fitri, Shatila Jihadiyah. "The study of biographical trajectory of portuguese 12th century illuminated manuscript: LECCIONARIUM ALC. 433 from Alcobaça Collection held by The Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28567.
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This thesis presents an interdisciplinary approach to a 12th century illuminated manuscript, a Leccionarium
(Alc. 433), produced in Alcobaça Monastery which currently is being preserved at Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal in
Lisbon.
The aim of the work was to trace the biography of this illuminated manuscript, through the liturgical studies
and to obtain the chronological timeline of the use of materials in Alcobaça scriptorium, through centuries. The
representative folia of Alc. 433 were characterised with h-XRF, UV-Vis-NIR-FORS, and hyperspectral images.
The result indicates that Alc. 433 was produced in the last quarter of the 12th century, followed by addition of
some folia in 13th, 14th, and the beginning of 17th century. Materials identification revealed the use of different
pigments in different periods: vermilion and minium (red), copper proteinate (bottle green), yellow lake pigments,
azurite and lapis lazuli (blue). The PCA study of yellow lake dye reproduction indicates the use of turmeric yellow
lake pigment in the initial core. Furthermore, the analysis of iron gall ink also shows that the initial core of Alc. 433
contains the similar ratios of elements with Alc. 11 (primitive manuscript of Alcobaça) thus proved the Alc. 433 was
also the produced in the earliest period of the active year of Alcobaça scriptorium; RESUMO:
O Estudo da Trajetória Biográfica do Manuscrito Português Iluminado do Século XII:
Leccionarium Alc. 433 da Coleção de Alcobaça Detida pela Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
Esta tese apresenta uma abordagem interdisciplinar de um manuscrito iluminado do século XII, um
Leccionarium (Alc. 433), produzido no Mosteiro de Alcobaça e que se encontra preservado na Biblioteca Nacional
de Portugal em Lisboa.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi traçar a biografia deste manuscrito iluminado, através do seu estudo litúrgico e
obter a linha cronológica da utilização de materiais no scriptorium de Alcobaça, ao longo dos séculos. Os fólios mais
representativos do Alc. 433 foram caracterizados h-XRF, UV-Vis-NIR-FORS e imagens hiperespectrais.
O resultado indica que o Alc. 433 foi produzido no último quarto do século XII, e que foi enriquecido com a
adição de fólios e/ou cadernos nos séculos XIII, XIV e inícios do século XVII. A identificação dos materiais revelou
o uso de diferentes pigmentos em diferentes períodos: vermelhão e minium (vermelho), proteinato de cobre (verde
garrafa), pigmento lago amarelo, azurite e lápis-lazúli (azul). O estudo PCA da reprodução do corante lago amarelo
indica o uso de açafrão no núcleo inicial do pigmento. Além disso, a análise das tintas de escrita evidenciou uma
analogia de composição da tinta ferrogálica utilizada no núcleo inicial do manuscrito Alc.433 e da tinta ferrogálica
utilizada no texto do Alc.11 (outro manuscrito produzido nos primeiros anos do scriptorium de Alcobaça) o que
comprovou assim que também o Alc. 433 foi produzido na mesma época, isto é, em torno de 1175.
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Lewis, Robert Lee III. "Changing Perceptions of Heraldry in English Knightly Culture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277947/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and discuss the changing ways in which the visual art of heraldiy was perceived by the feudal aristocracy of twelfth- and thirteenth-century England. It shows how the aristocracy evolved from a military class to a courtly, chivalric class, and how this change affected art and culture. The shifts in the perceptions of heraldry reflect this important social development of the knightly class.
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Pacheco, Catalán Núria. "Ut sis stator et habitator. La colonización feudal de la Catalunya Nova: la inmigración occitana (siglos XII-XIII)|Ut sis stator et habitator. The Feudal Colonisation of Catalunya Nova: the Occitan Migration (12th-13th Centuries)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673289.
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A partir del segle XI, les fronteres de la cristiandat llatina van començar a dilatar-se en totes direccions en detriment de societats no cristianes o amb variants del cristianisme. La Península Ibèrica no va restar aliena a aquesta realitat i els diferents regnes i comtats cristians es van expandir sobre al-Andalus. A inicis del segle XII, les conquestes catalanes van experimentar un gran impuls: el 1105 es va conquerir Balaguer, el 1118 es va iniciar la organització i colonització del Camp de Tarragona i, el 1148 i 1149, Tortosa i Lleida van ser respectivament capturades. Aquest territori és el que es coneixeria posteriorment com a Catalunya Nova. A més a més, aquests últims episodis van comptar amb el beneplàcit papal, ja que, des de la butlla de 1145, Eugeni III havia inclòs la Península Ibèrica entre els espais croats. Tot i oferir unes condicions de capitulació favorables, van ser pocs els musulmanes que van optar per quedar-se a la Catalunya Nova. D’aquesta manera, els episodis militars van donar pas a un procés de substitució de poblacions: els indígenes van ser reemplaçats per colons cristians procedents de les regions d’origen dels conqueridors. Aquest procés es va articular mitjançant el repartiment, el qual es va erigir com una doble eina: per una part, servia per a recompensar als conqueridors, per l’altra, les escriptures de donació contenien clàusules com ut sis stator et habitator que comminaven als beneficiaris a assentar-se en el territori. Així, s’iniciava la colonització i la conquesta esdevenia, ara sí, irreversible. Els processos de repartiment i colonització van generar la redacció de centenars d’escriptures. En elles s’hi va registrar també la formació d’una nova societat feudal a la Catalunya Nova i les conseqüents transformacions de l’espai urbà i rural. Els protagonistes dels documents son, alhora, els colonitzadors i agents del canvi. L’origen de molts individus és identificable gràcies a la Revolució Antroponímica, un fenomen que va tenir lloc entre els segles XI i XII i que, entre altres factors, va afegir un segon element al nom. Sovint, aquest cognom prenia la forma d’un topònim o gentilici, de manera que a les escriptures s’hi pot identificar un Pere de Sentmenat, un Bertran de Tolosa o un Gelabert Anglès. A partir de l’antrotoponimia, a la Catalunya Nova s’han detectat colons procedents de la Catalunya Vella, aragonesos, anglonormands, genovesos i occitans. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral és estudiar el col·lectiu de colons occitans. A tals efectes, s’ha identificat als individus en els índexs onomàstics dels repertoris documentals i, posteriorment, s’ha realitzat un estudi prosopogràfic i individualitzat de tots ells. L’elaboració de fitxes ha permès obtenir i gestionar totes les informacions de les escriptures. Així, en major o menor mesura ha estat possible reconstruir el conjunt de possessions de cada individu i la seva tipologia, localització i gestió; també la seva situació econòmica, la posició en la societat colonial, l’entorn familiar i, finalment, l’entorn social i la relació amb els altres colons. En definitiva, la suma de diferents casos particulars ha permès establir uns patrons que, en última instància, contribueixen a tenir un millor coneixement sobre els moviments migratoris i de colonització medievals.A partir del siglo XI, las fronteras de la cristiandad latina comenzaron a dilatarse hacia todas direcciones en detrimento de sociedades no cristianas o con variantes del cristianismo. La Península Ibérica no fue ajena a este fenómeno y los diversos reinos y condados cristianos se expandieron sobre al-Andalus. A inicios del siglo XII las conquistas catalanas experimentaron un gran impulso: en 1105 se tomó Balaguer, en 1118 se inició la organización y colonización del Camp de Tarragona, y, en 1148 y 1149, Tortosa y Lleida fueron conquistadas respectivamente. Este territorio es el que se conocería como la Catalunya Nova. Además, estos últimos episodios contaron con el beneplácito papal, ya que en 1145 el papa Eugenio III publicó una bula de cruzada en la que también incluyó la Península Ibérica. A pesar de ofrecer unas condiciones de capitulación favorables, se constata que fueron pocos los musulmanes que optaron por quedarse en la Catalunya Nova. De este modo, los episodios militares dieron paso a un proceso de substitución de población: los indígenas fueron remplazados por colonos cristianos procedentes de las regiones de origen de los conquistadores. Esta sustitución se articuló alrededor del repartimiento, el cual se erigió como una doble herramienta: por una parte, servía para compensar a los conquistadores, por otra parte, las escrituras de donación contenían cláusulas como ut sis stator et habitator que conminaban a los beneficiarios a asentarse en el territorio. De este modo, se iniciaba la colonización y la conquista pasaba a ser irreversible. Los procesos de repartimiento y colonización han quedado registrados en centenares de escrituras. Estas también muestran la formación de una nueva sociedad feudal en la Catalunya Nova y las consecuentes transformaciones del espacio urbano y rural. Los protagonistas de los documentos son, a su vez, los colonizadores y agentes del cambio. El origen de muchos de los individuos es identificable gracias a la Revolución Antroponímica, un fenómeno que tuvo lugar entre los siglos XI y XII y que, entre otros aspectos, añadió un segundo elemento al nombre. A menudo, este apellido es un topónimo o gentilicio, por lo que en las escrituras se puede encontrar un Pere de Sentmenat, un Bertran de Tolosa o un Gelabert Anglès. A partir de la antropotoponímia, en la Catalunya Nova se ha identificado a colonos procedentes de la Catalunya Vella, aragoneses, anglonormandos, genoveses y occitanos. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es estudiar el colectivo de colonos occitanos. A tales efectos, se ha identificado a los individuos en los índices onomásticos de los repertorios documentales para posteriormente realizar un estudio prosopográfico individualizado. La elaboración de fichas ha permitido obtener y gestionar todas las informaciones de las escrituras. En mayor o menor medida se ha podido reconstruir el conjunto de posesiones que detentó un individuo, así como su tipología, localización y gestión; también la situación económica, la posición en la sociedad colonial, el entorno familiar, y, por último, el entorno social y la relación con los otros colonos. En definitiva, la suma de diferentes casos particulares ha permitido establecer patrones que, en última instancia, contribuyen a generar un mejor conocimiento sobre los movimientos de migración y colonización medievales.
From the 11th century onwards, the frontiers of Latin Christendom started to broaden in all directions against non-Christian societies. The Iberian Peninsula was no stranger to this phenomenon and its Christian earldoms and kingdoms waged war and conquered more and more territories from Al-Andalus. During the 12th century, the Catalan conquests experienced a great boost: in 1105 Balaguer was captured, in 1118 the final colonisation of Camp de Tarragona began and, in 1148 and 1149 respectively, Tortosa and Lleida were conquered. This territory newly conquered would be known as Catalunya Nova. Moreover, these last military campaigns were part of the Second Crusade, backed by Pope Eugene III through the bull of 1145. Although the capitulation charter seems to promote the remaining of the indigenous population, Muslims were de facto expelled nearly en mass and replaced by Christian settlers from the north. The possessions of the former inhabitants were distributed among the settlers by means of a mechanism known as repartimiento. The repartimiento can be considered a two-fold tool: on the one hand, it compensated those who had taken part in the conquest; on the other, it was a key instrument to consolidate Christian control over the territory, as the new settlers were compelled to stay in their properties by terms like ut sis stator et habitator. Therefore, the arrival of settlers ensured the military conquest and made it irreversible. Thanks to the repartimiento and the subsequent colonisation, hundreds of parchments were written. This documentation records the development of a new feudal society in Catalunya Nova and its resulting transformations of the urban and rural environment. The main characters in documentation are both settlers and promoters of these changes. Their origin is traceable thanks to the Antroponymic Revolution, which took place between the 11th and the 12th centuries and, among other aspects, introduced the surname. Usually this surname was a toponym or demonym, so names such Pere de Sentmenat, Bertran de Tolosa or Gelabert Anglès were quite common. In Catalunya Nova, settlers came mostly from the counties of Catalunya Vella, but could also be Aragonese, Anglo-Norman, Genoese, or Occitan. The aim of this dissertation is to advance in the study of Occitan settlers in Catalunya Nova. For that purpose, Occitans have been identified in onomastic indexes and they have subsequently been studied in a prospographic and detailed way. Research forms have allowed to obtain and manage all the data from documentation. Thus, to a greater or lesser extent, it has been possible to rebuild the assets that each settler owned and their typology, location, and management, and to reconstruct their social and economic status, family environment and, lastly, their social environment and the relationships that were established with other settlers. In essence, the sum of different individual cases has allowed to set patterns that eventually contribute to a better knowledge of Medieval migration and colonisation.
Universitat Autònomad de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Cultures en Contacte a la Mediterrània
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Spingou, Foteini. "Words and artworks in the twelfth century and beyond : the thirteenth-century manuscript Marcianus gr. 524 and the twelfth-century dedicatory epigrams on works of art." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bd537f93-ab26-4a0c-8ee3-658da343effa.
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The thesis is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the manuscript Marcianus graecus 524, the second looks at the Greek text of the dedicatory epigrams on works of art from the same manuscript, and the third puts these texts in their context. In the first part, the compilation of the manuscript is analysed. I suggest that the manuscript was copied mainly by one individual scribe living in Constantinople at the end of the thirteenth century. He copied the quires individually, but at some point he put all these quires together, added new quires, and compiled an anthology of poetry. The scribe’s connection to the Planudean School and the Petra monastery in Constantinople is discussed. Although their relationship remains inconclusive, the manuscript provides evidence regarding the literary interests of late-thirteenth-century intellectuals. The second part contains thirty-five unpublished dedicatory epigrams on works of art. New readings are offered for the text of previously published epigrams. The third section analyses the dedicatory epigrams on works of art in their context. The first chapter of this section discusses the epigrams as Gebrauchstexte, i.e. texts with a practical use. The difference between epigrams intended to be inscribed and epigrams intended to be performed is highlighted. In the next chapter of this part, La poésie de l’objet, the composition of the dedicatory epigrams is discussed. The conventional character of the epigrams suggests that the poetics express the ritual aspect of the epigram. The last chapter considers the texts from a more pragmatic angle. After a short discussion of the objects on which the epigrams were written, the mechanisms of the twelfth-century art market are presented based on evidence taken mainly from the epigrams. At the end of this part, conclusions are drawn on the understanding of these texts in the twelfth century.
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Maas, Pauline Henriëtte Joanna Theresia. "The "Liber sententiarum Magistri A." : its place amidst the sentences collections of the first half of the 12th century : een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied der letteren : proefschrift... /." Nijmegen : Centrum middeleeuwse studies, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35793823q.
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Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor--Nijmegen--Katholieke universiteit, 1995.Contient le texte latin d'extraits du "Liber sententiarum Magistri A." Résumé et curriculum vitae en néerlandais. Bibliogr. p. [325]-352.
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Silva, Carolina Gual da. "Até que a morte os separe: casamento reformado nos séculos XI-XII." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-10072008-104528/.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a imagem do casamento ao longo dos séculos XI e XII, a partir dos novos ideais reformadores da Igreja. A intenção é fazer um estudo comparativo das representações da literatura e dos novos ideais religiosos de casamento, que estavam sendo propostos pela Igreja aproximadamente no mesmo período, a partir de quatro documentos diferentes: o Decretum de Burchard de Worms, o Concordia discondantium canonum de Graciano, os três primeiros Concílios de Latrão e os decretais de Alexandre III, presentes no Líber Extra.. Como fontes literárias serão utilizadas as obras Eric et Enide, Cligès, Lancelot ou Le Chevalier de la Charrette, e Ivain ou Le Chevalier au Lion, todas de Chrétien de Troyes, autor do século XII. Houve transformações na constituição da doutrina do casamento nesse período? Se houve, é possível percebê-las também na literatura? Através destas comparações seria possível identificar como a sociedade era afetada por tais transformações? Estas são as perguntas que orientarão o estudo.The goal of this research is to analyse the image of marriage throughout the 11th and 12th having the reforming ideals of the Church as the basis. The intention is to make a comparitive study of the literary representations and the new religious ideals for marriage proposed by the Church at the same period. Four documents will be used: the Decretum by Burchard de Worms, the Concordia discordantium canonum by Gratian, the first three Lateran Councils and the decretal letters of Alexandre III, found in the Liber Extra. The literary sources will be Eric et Enide, Cliges, Lancelot, and Ivain, all written by Chretien de Troyes, a 12th century author. Were there transformations in the marriage doctrine in this period? If there were, is it possible to see them in the literature? Could we identify how the society was affected by such transformations through a comparative study? These are some of the questions that will guide the present study.
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Israel, Uwe. "Franz-Josef Arlinghaus, Legitimationsstrategien in schwieriger Zeit. Die Sentenzen der Mailänder Kommunalgerichte im 12. und 13.Jahrhundert: Buchbesprechungen Mittelalter." De Gruyter, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71358.
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Der schmale Band stellt bis auf ein kurzes, die Publikation begründendes Vorwort (S. 7–10), einen bereits im Jahre 1998 fertiggestellten Text dar. Er verzichtet auf die Einarbeitung von Literatur, die seitdem, also in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten, erschienen ist. Eigentlich war er für einen Tagungsband des ein Jahr später beendeten Münsteraner Sonderforschungsbereichs „Träger, Felder, Formen pragmatischer Schriftlichkeit im Mittelalter“ vorgesehen, der bislang noch nicht erschienenen ist. Man merkt der Untersuchung an vielen Stellen an, dass sie im Diskussionszusammenhang mit dem damals von Hagen Keller geleiteten SFB-Teilprojekt „Der Verschriftlichungsprozess und seine Träger in Oberitalien (11.–13.Jahrhundert)“ entstand, was aber durchaus kein Schaden ist. Zwar wirkt die Abarbeitung an Thesen der Luhmann’schen Systemtheorie heute etwas antiquiert – und an manchen Stellen auch etwas bemüht („Herstellung von Legitimität im Verfahren“, Kap. 9) –, doch kommt der Vf. unter Anwendung des theoretischen Ansatzes durchaus zu interessanten Beobachtungen und überzeugenden Schlussfolgerungen.
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Molin, Samuel. "L'éclosion de l'écriture métaphorique à l'aube de la littérature française : étude sur la métaphore dans les textes du XIIème siècle." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30037.
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La littérature en langue vernaculaire du XIIe siècle cristallise une évolution lente dans les styles d'écriture : une simple lecture permet de constater l'absence ou presque de métaphores dans les chansons de geste, alors que des expressions métaphoriques, originales et diversifiées, ornent en nombre non négligeable les romans et les lais. Les arts poétiques médiolatins des XIIe et XIIIe siècles proposent leur définition de la métaphore, se situant dans la lignée des textes théoriques de l'Antiquité ou au contraire privilégiant la rupture. Ce bouillonnement réflexif caractérise l'engouement de l'époque pour le tour métaphorique. L'apparition et le développement de la littérature romanesque entraînent, dans son sillage, des modifications dans les manières de concevoir l'écriture : le traitement de certains motifs littéraires, au premier rang desquels la passion, ainsi que des contraintes nouvelles liées à la versification favorisent le recours aux métaphores. Des influences extérieures jouent également un rôle dominant : la littérature médiévale s'inspire de la poésie élégiaque latine, qui se complaît dans l'utilisation d'images amoureuses, mais également de la lyrique d'oc, qui offre une vision différente de la passion, fondée sur la réciprocitéA slow evolution concerning the writing styles has taken shape in vernacular literature of the 12th century. A simple reading reveals that whilst hardly any metaphors are used in epic poems, original and varied figures of speech abound in novels and lays. The medieval Latin poetic arts of the 12th and 13th centuries have their own definition of metaphor. They either follow the line of ancient theoretical texts or choose to recreate it. This ferment of ideas illustrates the infatuation with metaphors which prevailed at that time. The appearance and the subsequent development of novelistic literature have caused writing modifications : the way some literary motifs –first and foremost passion- and new restraints due to versification encourage the use of metaphors. External influences also play a major part : medieval literature is inspired by Latin elegiac poetry -which indulges in love images- and by troubadour poetry, the latter offers another point of view about passion, based on reciprocity
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Partenheimer, Lutz. "Deutsche Herrschaftsbildung im Fläming während des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 1988. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1584/.
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Aus dem Vorwort:
Der entstehende deutsche Staat hatte 928/29 mit der Unterwerfung der damals östlich von Elbe und Saale siedelnden Slawen begonnen. Den meisten Stämmen war es jedoch durch den Aufstand von 983 gelungen, nochmals ihre Freiheit zu erkämpfen. Im 12. Jahrhundert begann ein erneuter Vorstoß. Während dieser zweiten Etappe der feudalen deutschen Ostexpansion wurden bis um 1300 die nördlichen und mittleren Teile des jetzt zur DDR gehörenden Gebietes endgültig dem deutschen Reich angegliedert. Damals entstand die Mehrzahl unserer Städte und Dörfer. Im 10. Jahrhundert hatten die Könige Heinrich I. und Otto I. das Vordringen nach Osten geleitet. Während des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts lag die Initiative in den Händen der ostsächsischen Fürsten. Sie gingen daran, ihren Einfluß auf die slawischen Gebiete auszudehnen, wie der Herzog von Sachsen, Heinrich der Löwe aus dem Geschlecht der Welfen, und Erzbischof Wichmann von Magdeburg, oder gründeten östlich der Elbe neue Territorialherrschaften, wie der Markgraf der Nordmark, Albrecht der Bär aus dem Hause der Askanier, der erste Markgraf von Brandenburg. Im Süden begannen die Wettiner die Marken Lausitz und Meißen zu festigen und zu erweitern. Wie sich die eben grob skizzierten Vorgänge jedoch im einzelnen abgespielt haben, liegt immer noch weitgehend im dunkeln. Vor allem muß damit gerechnet werden, daß sich die Herrschaftsverhältnissein verschiedenen Gebieten mehrfach geändert hatten, bevor etwa in der zweiten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts die Strukturen entstanden waren, die im wesentlichen bis in die neuere Zeit bestimmend blieben. So ist heute vielfach noch unklar oder umrtritten, welche deutsche Feudalgewalt einen bestimmten Raum als erste besetzte und wo der Einflußbereich der nächsten Herrschaft begann. Das gilt in besonderem Maße für die Grenzzonen der sich ausdehnenden Fürstentümer. Aber auch Fragen, die seit langem als geklärt galten, werden plötzlich wieder aufgeworfen, wie die vor der 750-Jahr-Feier Berlins erneut aufgenommene Diekussion über die Anfänge unsarer Hauptstadt beweist.
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Eikje, Ramberg Linn. "Mynt er hva mynt gjør : En analyse av norske mynter fra 1100-tallet: produksjon, sirkulasjon og bruk." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-147308.
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The kings of Norway issued coins on a regular basis starting in the mid-11th century, and probably conducted renovatio monetae whenever a new king came to power. As a privilege of bona regalia, the king could use coin production to serve his own interests. Economic factors are usually the main focus of discussions on coinage, but there were also political, religious and cultural dimensions that must have been important both for the production of coins and in the choice of motives, form and style. From the outset, manipulation of the coinage is visible in the debasement of silver content, followed by a reduction in weight to re-establish the silver level. In the 12th century, the weights continued to drop and single-faced coins and bracteates became the standard; only a few biface coins are known. These small coins and bracteates from the 12th century carry little or no information concerning issuer, date or place of production. This lack of information has resulted in a gap in our knowledge about the role of these coins in medieval society in Norway. This role was dependent both on the intentions of the producer and on how the coins were perceived by the people, and their will to use them in certain ways. What were the reasons behind issuing the smallest coins ever produced in coin history, and what impact did this dramatic reduction in weight have on the understanding and use of the coin? To advance the discussion it has been vital to establish new knowledge about chronology, coin-issuing authority and mints. These areas have been addressed through two analyses using numismatic and archaeological methods. The results of the initial analyses are combined with an investigation of the size of the coin production and a study of archaeological contexts, in order to reveal how, where and when the bracteates were used. The theoretical approach to understanding the role of coins is inspired by theories in anthropology and sociology about the many ways in which money can be incorporated in a society, emphasising the complex social component of coins in contrast to the traditional economic emphasis on their neutral qualities as a means of exchange. Central to this are the concepts behind formalism and substantivist and post-substantivist theory. The study concludes with a discussion that explores what can be said about economy and economic systems based on the 12th-century Norwegian coins.
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Stacheski, Mônica Soares. "Antidotarium Nicolai: sua posição no movimento literário médico nos séculos XII e XIII." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20082.
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Antidotarium Nicolai is a collection of recipes of composite medicines probably written about 1180 in Salerno, southern Italy, was related to the medical literary movement originated in the School of Salerno. Its author remains unknown, although the manuscript begins stating “Ego, Nicolaus” (I, Nicholas). It was written for the author’s colleagues, i.e., practicing doctors, or students as a practical book on the preparation of medicines. Copied in hundreds of manuscripts and printed as incunabula and books, Antidotarium Nicolai circulated across medical schools outside Italy starting at the end of the 13th century. It was included both officially and unofficially in the syllabus of European university courses along the Middle Ages and modern times. The present study discusses the historical-social context, secondary literature and primary sources closest to Antidotarium Nicolai and analyzes its content from the perspective of history of science
O Antidotarium Nicolai é uma coleção de receitas de medicamentos compostos, redigido provavelmente perto de 1180, na cidade de Salerno, no sul da península itálica e conexo ao movimento literário médico da Escola de Salerno. De autoria desconhecida, apesar do autor escrever “Ego, Nicolaus” (Eu, Nicolau), essa obra surgiu da solicitação de colegas praticantes de medicina ou discípulos, no sentido de elaborar uma obra prática sobre a produção de medicamentos. Copiado em centenas de manuscritos, impresso em incunábulos e livros, o Antidotarium Nicolai circulou em escolas médicas estrangeiras a partir do final do século XIII. Fez parte de currículos universitários de forma oficial e extraoficial pela Europa medieval e moderna. O presente estudo averigua o contexto histórico-social, a literatura secundária e as fontes primárias temporalmente mais próximas da origem, e faz uma análise da obra da perspectiva da história da ciência
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Guillaume, Clément. "Le Développement du moi et le procédé thérapeutique dans les œuvres de Chrétien de Troyes." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/989.
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While we can easily acknowledge that many aspects the texts written by Chrétien de Troyes have been studied and discussed through the centuries, it is always possible to apply a new reading to the author's work. Like many authors of the same time period, the author of Le Conte du graal and LeChevalier de la charrette was not only writing for the audience of his time but was also openly targeting an audience set in a different century and social context. This timeless aspect of Chrétien's work is part of what makes his texts intricate and still relevant to this day. It also allows us to understand the impact they had by the time they were written as well as the long lasting interest that has been keeping them current throughout eight centuries. While the courteous aspect of these texts seems to be mostly relevant to the audience of a certain time period it is possible for us to conduct a psychoanalytical reading of Chrétien's work in order to appreciate the long- lasting qualities of these tales almost eight hundred years later. By using the drive theory established by Freud along with the work of Lacan based on search for the I, studies which were both established during the twentieth century, we will analyze the untold motivations of the quest and define the relationship between the knight and his physical and inner journey. In this study we will consistently question these motivations. In order to understand them we will first discuss the implications of the quest in a set medieval context which will then lead us to look at this behavior outside of this timeframe in order to focus on the psychological elements of these texts.
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Thomas, Georgianne S. "An introductory reference guide to the cross-linguistic study of the consonants C/k/ and G/g/ from vulgar Latin to romance languages French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian in the initial, medial, and/or ending positions up to the 12th century." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2006. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1210.
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This dissertation proposes an analysis of the consonants C/k/ and G/g/ from Vulgar Latin to the five Romance Languages: French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian in the initial, medial, and/or ending positions up to the 12th century. This study examined the evolution of C/k/ and G/g/ in each language while noting the history and cultures that impacted their evolution.
I discuss how the spoken language of Italian evolved slowly from the late Vulgar Latin of the Empire, in close contact with the universal standard of Medieval Latin, yet is consistent with the rest of the languages in this study when it comes to consonants /b/ d/g/ being pronounced as plosives when they occur at the beginning of the word. I examine the similarities that persist in Romanian and Italian, in spite of Romanian's isolation from the other Romance languages.
I selected these consonants based on the conjugation irregularity of Romance verbs. The findings reflect a consistent conclusion taking into account scribers' errors, political reformations and numerous wars: Relative to all the languages in this research: initial consonants, single or followed by another consonant, remained unchanged; less resistance is offered by intervocalic consonants that either weakened or just disappeared; and final unsupported (preceded by a vowel) consonants or supported (preceded by a consonant) either remained or disappeared, up to the twelfth century. Research also included such variables impacting the languages as cultural concerns; non-contact with other Romance languages; and, geographical isolation.
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Toro, Vial Miguel José de. "In exoticis historiis acutissimus. L'ancien Orient dans les chroniques universellesdu XIIe siècle." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT5007.
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Au cours de la « Renaissance du XIIe siècle », l'écriture de l'histoire s'épanouit dans l'Europe Latine. L'un des genres dans lequel ce phénomène est le plus visible est celui des chroniques universelles. Les chroniqueurs tentent d'y raconter l'histoire de l'humanité, depuis la Création jusqu'à leur propre époque. Certaines sont particulièrement riches en matière d'histoire ancienne, et fournissent même parfois d'amples informations sur l'Orient ancien. Pourquoi des moines reclus dans leurs monastères s'intéressaient-ils à une histoire aussi éloignée dans le temps et dans l'espace ? Le présent travail s'occupe de deux grandes sections de l'histoire orientale telle qu'elle était conçue au XIIe siècle : les empires qui tournaient autour de la ville de Babylone et les hauts faits militaires d'Alexandre dans les régions d'Asie. En analysant le traitement que leur réservent les chroniques universelles, on observe que les auteurs ont mis ces histoires au service de problématiques propres à leur temps, guidés par des intérêts chaque fois plus proches du monde séculier. En même temps, ils utilisèrent des méthodes propres à l'historiographie, ce qui aboutit à différencier significativement leurs travaux des commentaires bibliques et des romans d'antiquitéDuring the "Renaissance of the 12th century" there was a flourishing of historical writing in Latin Europe. One the genres where this is most noticeable is in the universal chronicles. In them, the chroniclers outline the history of the world from Creation until their own period. Some of them are particularly rich in ancient history and they provide a lot of information of the ancient Orient. Why did monks secluded in their monasteries take interest on a history so far removed from them in time and space? This study considers two great sections of ancient oriental history as it was understood in the twelfth century: the empires surrounding the city of Babylon and the military deeds of Alexander the Great in Asia. Analyzing the treatment that the universal chronicles give them we can appreciate that the authors put these histories at the service of the problems of their own time, being guided increasingly by interests close to the secular world. At the same time they used methods of historiography, which significantly differentiated their works from biblical commentary and the "romances of antiquity"
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Sacco, Viva. "Une fenêtre sur Palerme entre le IXe et la première moitié du XIIe siècle : étude du matériel céramique provenant de deux fouilles archéologiques menées dans le quartier de la Kalsa." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040072.
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Cette thèse traite de différents thèmes liés à la production et à la circulation des objets céramiques à Palerme entre le IXe et la première moitié du XIIe siècle. En particulier le travail prend en considération le mobilier inédit découvert lors des fouilles menées près de l’église Santa Maria degli Angeli, plus connue sous le nom de Gancia, et près du palais Bonagia. Les deux sites archéologiques sont situés rue Alloro dans le quartier de la “Kalsa”, une zone où les spécialistes concordent pour localiser la Ḫāliṣa, ville princière fondée par les Fatimides en 937. L’objectif premier de cette étude est d’offrir un tableau plus systématique et plus large des productions circulant à Palerme entre le IXe et la première moitié du XIIe siècle, en affrontant les problèmes méthodologiques liés à leur étude céramologique et en proposant de nouvelleschrono-typologies de référence. L’interprétation de ces données a permis d’utiliser la céramique comme source historique, capable d’offrir nouvelles informations, même partielles, relatives à l’évolution topographique de Palerme, aux changements sociaux et aux dynamiques commercialesThis thesis deals with a series of thematic related to the production and circulation of pottery in Palermo during the 9th-12th centuries. In particular this research focuses on the unpublished ceramics found during the archaeological excavations in “Santa Maria degli Angeli” Church, known as “Gancia”, and in the Bonagia palace, both situated along the Alloro street in the Kalsa area, where during the Fatimid period rose up the palatine city called al-Ḫāliṣa (937). The main aim of this project is to offer a more systematic and larger picture of the pottery productions circulating in Palermo between the 9th and the first half of 12th century, facing the methodological problems set by their study and proposing new chrono-typologies. The interpretation of these data has allowed us to use the ceramics as an historical source, able to offer partial but new information related to the topographic evolution of the city of Palermo, to the social changes and to the commercial dynamics it went through
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Nardeux, Bruno. "Une "forêt" royale au Moyen Age : Le pays de Lyons, en Normandie (vers 1100 - vers 1450)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR086.
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Alors que la forêt de Lyons est souvent assimilée à une simple forêt-frontière, dix années d’enquête nous obligent à modifier radicalement cette définition géo-historique. Il faut dire qu’entre temps, il a fallu reconsidérer la notion même de forêt qui désignait au haut Moyen Âge, non pas de grandes étendues boisées, mais tout au contraire un espace fortement humanisé où coexistent futaies et taillis, landes et prairies, champs et villages. De cette grande forêt médiévale de Lyons – la plus importante de Normandie avec ses 30 000 ha – entièrement dévolue à l’usage et aux besoins de son détenteur ducal ou royal se dégage alors un pays, lui-même fruit de la sédimentation de quatre espaces nettement identifiés, entre 1100 et 1450. Des multiples séjours des Plantagenêts puis des Capétiens, attestés par plus de 500 chartes signées en forêt de Lyons entre 1100 et 1400 et justifiées soit par la chasse (espace résidentiel), soit par la guerre (espace militaire) résultent en effet un espace politique qui explique la fortune étonnante d’au moins deux favoris issus du pays de Lyons : Guillaume de Longchamps, chancelier d’Angleterre sous Richard Cœur de Lion et Enguerrand de Marigny, le familier de Philippe le Bel. S’ajoutent à cela tous les revenus qu’un espace économique comme la forêt de Lyons procure à son détenteur, en se rappelant l’importance prise par le bois dans l’économie médiévale. En définitive, l’on découvre ainsi que ce pays a fini par produire un véritable écosystème d’une résilience à toute épreuve jusqu’à ce que les années sombres de la fin de la Guerre de cent ans finissent par avoir raison de cet âge d’or qu’a représenté le Moyen Âge pour la forêt de LyonsAlthough the forest of Lyons is often defined simply as a border forest, ten years of research has enabled me to make a radical change to this old geographical definition. My reconsideration of even the concept of “forest,” shows that, in the High Middle Ages, the word meant not large stretches of woodlands but, instead, a well-developed space, where timberlands, thickets, heaths, pastures, cultivated fields, and villages coexisted. The medieval forest of Lyons, the most important in all Normandy with its 30,000 hectares, was entirely devoted to the use and necessities of its ducal or royal title-holder, and it emerged as a pays formed by the coalescence of four distinct spaces between 1100 and 1450. The many sojourns of the Plantagenets and then the Capetians — due to hunting (residential space) and various wars (military space) — are documented by more than 500 acts signed in the forest of Lyons between 1100 and 1400. These sojourns produced a political space that explains the stunning careers of at least two royal favorites, natives of the pays of Lyons: William Longchamp, chancellor under Richard the Lionheart, and Enguerrand de Marigny, chief minister of Philip the Fair. Since wood was a necessity in medieval times, the forest of Lyons was also an important economic space because it earned significant revenue for its title-holder. All things considered, it is clear that the pays of Lyons produced a true ecosystem able to survive all hardships until the dark, final period of the Hundred Years War put an end to the Golden Age that the Middle Ages had brought to the forest of Lyons
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Puigarnau, Torelló Alfons. "Imago Dei y Lux Mundi en el siglo XII: La recepción de la teología de la luz en la iconografía del Pantocrátor en Cataluña." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7481.
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En el contexto del siglo XII europeo, se impone la iconografía del Cristo Luz aureolado por una almendra mística, sosteniendo un libro abierto con inscripciones alusivas a una teología de la luz. La proliferación de la iconografía de la Maiestas Domini se produce en el contexto histórico de la reforma litúrgica canóniga agustiniana, cuyo origen se encuentra en san Rufo de Avignon y san Víctor de Marsella. Cataluña, se hace depositaria de la Regla se san Agustín, que propugna un ideal renovado de belleza mística neoplatónica.
La llegada al Principado de manuscritos de la Homilía al Prólogo de Juan, escrita por Juan Escoto Eriúgena, es una prueba, en pleno siglo XII, de la relación entre una iconografía teológica de la luz y una tradición neoplatónica originada en el siglo IX en la corte carolingia.
El texto de la Vox spiritualis aquilae representa la recepción de la teología de la luz en la iconografía de la Maiestas Domini y, con ella, una nueva forma de representar a Dios, al hombre y al mundo en el arte.
In the 12th century European context, predominates the iconography of Christ placed in a light mystic mandorla holding an open book containing inscriptions concerning a special theology of light.
The Maiestas Domini iconography strongly arises together with the historical fact of the agustinian liturgical movement. The so called agustinian canonigas were originally born in saint Ruph of Avignon and saint Victor of Marseille holding the spirituality of the Rule written by saint Agustin himself and later moved into Cataluña renewing his original idea of neoplatonic mystical beauty.
The arrival of collections of manuscripts into Catalonia containing the Homily to the Prologus of saint John by Scotus Eriugena is enough to proof the relationship between the theology of light iconography and the neoplatonic traditions originated in the 9th century Carolingian Court.
The text of the Vox Spiritualis Aquilae involves a reception of the Theology of light within the Maiestas Domini iconography. It is a new way of representing God, man and world in art.
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Dalbion, Mathilde. "Représentations et exercice du pouvoir : les fables du "Calila et Dimna" castillan du XIIIe siècle, un miroir animalier du monde de cour." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30056.
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Dans un certain nombre d’œuvres didactiques et sapientiales du Moyen Âge, l’animal est utilisé comme représentation du prince et de son entourage. L’animal est tantôt filtre, tantôt masque, un regard porté sur les cours princières par des auteurs plus ou moins impliqués dans celles-ci, et qui trouvent en l’animal l’outil le plus expressif pour exposer certaines valeurs ou dénoncer certains comportements. Notre étude se fonde sur un ensemble de sources, essentiellement le Calila et Dimna composé en Castille au milieu du XIIIe siècle pour l’infant Alphonse (futur Alphonse X) ; l’analyse inclut une étude de l’itinéraire textuel du Calila et Dimna : quelles différences présentent les versions indienne (Panchatantra), persane, arabe (Kalila wa Dimna), hébraïque, castillane, et les versions latines (Jean de Capoue et Raymond de Béziers). L’étude est étayée par une comparaison avec des textes indiens, persans et arabes qui offrent un rapport thématique avec ce traité dans la représentation du monde animalier. Textes latins et français (Roman de Renart, Roman de Fauvel accessoirement) complètent le corpus. Nous nous interrogeons aussi sur l’influence de la fable antique gréco-latine sur le traité (Ésope, Avianus), dans le choix des animaux et de leurs caractéristiques, notamment ; et sur les modalités de la transmission à l’Occident d’autres textes ayant suivi des itinéraires parallèles (Sendebar, Secret des Secrets, Roman des Sept sages de Rome). Nous nous demanderons si le Calila et Dimna n’était pas – comme le Renart ou le Fauvel – la caricature d’un certain milieu curial que les lecteurs contemporains n’avaient aucun mal à reconnaître ; et ce qu’il s’agisse de la version arabe ou de la version castillane du traité, étant entendu que chaque traducteur successif a contextualisé cette vision de la cour. Nous chercherons à comprendre la fonction et les mécanismes de ces masques animaliers : au-delà d’un bestiaire complexe, que nous nous attacherons à analyser de façon détaillée, en quoi et comment l’animal sert-il de filtre aux critiques politiques, comment constitue-t-il le miroir d’une vie de cour, et quelles images nous renvoie-t-il des courtisans ? Quels animaux sont-ils choisis (selon les versions) pour incarner tel ou tel homme de cour ? Quels préceptes moraux, traits de caractères, ou valences symboliques chaque animal « humanisé » véhicule-t-il ? Pourquoi utiliser des animaux ? Sont-ils là pour distraire les princes ou permettent-ils aux auteurs d’en dire plus qu’ils ne pourraient se l’autoriser, avec des héros humains ? L’animal est-il donc masque ou miroir ?In a number of didactic and sapiential works of the Middle Ages, the animal is used as a representation of the prince and his entourage. The animal is sometimes a filter, sometimes a mask, looking at the princely courts by more or less involved authors. They find in the animal the most expressive tool to expose some values or to denounce some behaviours. Our study is based on a variety of sources, mainly the Calila et Dimna composed in Castile in the middle of the 13th century for the Infante Alfonso (future Alfonso X); the analysis includes a study of the Calila et Dimna textual path: what are the differences between Indian (Panchatantra), Persian, Arabic (Kalila wa Dimna), Hebrew, Castilian and Latin (Jean de Capoue and Raymond de Béziers) versions ? The study is supported by a comparison between some Indian, Persian and Arabic texts offering a thematic relevance in the animal world with this treatise. Latin and French (Roman de Renart, Roman de Fauvel secondarily) texts complete the corpus. We are also wondering about the Greco-Latin antique fable influence on the treatise (Esope, Avianus), concerning the choice of the animals and their characteristics. The modes of transmission to the Occident of other texts that followed parallel ways (Sandbar, Secret des Secrets, Roman des Sept Sages de Rome) are reviewed. We will be wondering whether the Calila et Dimna was not, as le Roman de Renart or le Roman de Fauvel, the caricature of a certain curial milieu that contemporary readers had no difficulty to recognise; Both the Arabic and the Castilian version of the treatise are concerned, on the understanding that each successive translator contextualised this vision of court. We will seek to understand the function and the mechanisms of these animal masks: beyond the complex bestiary, which will be thoroughly analysed, how and to what extent the animal is used as a filter for political criticism, how it constitutes the mirror of a court life, and what are the reflected images of the courtiers ? What animals are chosen (depending on the version) to embody one courtier or another ? Which moral precepts, character traits or symbolic values, each « humanised » animal is transmitting ? Why use animals ? Are they there to amuse princes or to allow the authors to tell more than they could with human heroes ? Is the animal a mask or a mirror ?
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Naik, Pratin J., Ganesh K. Seeniraj, and Ram S. Chandran. "A study into forces and moments acting on the swash plate of an axial piston pump using a novel approach to reduce pressure and flow pulsations." Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71105.
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In hydraulic pumps, typically in axial piston pumps, reduction of pressure and flow ripples was attempted by providing relief grooves and pre-compression for noise reduction. Pre-compression is normally achieved by using the dead space between pump ports in the valve plate. Also valve plate profile modification is required, if system operating conditions such as pump output pressure and flowrate change, to maintain optimum operating conditions for reduced pressure/flow ripple. An earlier simulation study confirmed effectiveness of varying dead centre position to reduce pressure and flow ripples. A specifically designed mechanism, outlined in the earlier work, achieves this goal by varying the dead centre position of the pump swash plate. This study reports on the findings of the effect of varying dead centre position and groove configurations on forces and moments acting on the swash plate for various operating conditions. The simulation model cited in the earlier work was used in this study. This information is vital for the design of an actuating mechanism to vary dead centre position of a pump valve plate. These simulations were run using MATLAB/Simulink and S-functions. Results of this study are promising.
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Schindler, Mauren A. Schindler. "Dismantling the Dichotomy of Cowardice and Courage in the American Civil War." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532694510126409.
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Mohapatra, Bimal Chandra. "Buddhism and socio-economic conditions of Bengal and orissa from 8th to 12th century A.D." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5747.
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Wu, Ching-yuan, and 吳靖遠. "In the Name of the Britons: Historia regum Britanniae and the 12th Century Cultural Change." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/527yv5.
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碩士國立中山大學
外國語文學系研究所
97
This thesis finds that Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britanniae includes political arguments that support kingship government and primogeniture. Through analysis of existing academic literature, and through the perspective of cultural change theory, this thesis argues that Geoffrey employs three elements—the Norman writer Dudo of Saint-Quentin’s work De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum, the historical progress of the Normans after their conquest of Britain, and the Geoffrey’s own support for kingship and primogeniture—to compose diverse information into a political argument. This thesis also discovers that Geoffrey’s political argument for kingship government and primogeniture is discussed by the Anonymous author of The Oldest Anglo-Norman Prose Brut Chronicle. The Anonymous author proposes the idea of contract as solvency for the civil wars which the combination of kingship and primogeniture alone cannot resolve.
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Lee, Kuang-Mao, and 李光懋. "The Forming of the Military System in the Eariler Period of Jin Dynasty――The Important Process During the 11th and 12th Century." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64271591711760734261.
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碩士淡江大學
歷史學系碩士班
95
After the long-term development, the Juchen tribes were unified into one nation in Liao’s last stage. Because of Laio government strife, the Juchen was using opportunity to found of the Jin and terminated the Liao dynasty. After all, jin was distoried the north Sung too. Rules from Jin Tai Zu to the Emperor of Hailing this period of time, the Jin central authorities according to long ago custom established the military administration gathers a system of Chief. Than Jin was refer to Liao’s system to establish the system of Military command. At last, Jin was refer to Sung’s system and established the Bareau of Military Affairs system. After these formulations, Jin was bend to separate military and politics; moreover, this kind of military system was amended from the actual operational experience.
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Hill, Christopher P. "Gilbert Foliot and the two swords : law and political theory in twelfth-century England." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18351.
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Over the last fifty years or so, historians have largely neglected Gilbert Foliot, the man who was Bishop of London during the 1160s and 1170s, as representative of any larger theoretical position, dismissing his famous polemic letter Multiplicem nobis as the product of envy and thwarted ambition. In this dissertation I argue that Gilbert Foliot was neither out of step with the attitudes of his contemporaries nor driven blindly by anger and envy. Rather, his position was the result of legal training combined with his experience as a cleric in the tumultuous years of twelfth century England. Foliot’s legal training inculcated in him a political theory stressing a bifurcated authority structure in which the clerical and lay “swords” would be drawn to complement one another, but were at the same time necessarily separate and independent. Thus he believed that the Church’s success in its goal of saving souls was reliant on the goodwill and protection of an effective and powerful king. During the Anarchy of King Stephen’s reign, Foliot urged his clerical brethren to unleash the sword of excommunication against barons who committed crimes, and he was frustrated by the lack of coercive power he felt King Stephen ought to have exercised over the rebellious knights who terrorized the countryside. Later, during the reign of Henry II, Foliot feared that the archbishop’s new insistence on clerical superiority would limit the king’s lawful coercive power, while pushing the king to work against the Church rather than with it. Foliot, the jurist, found the archbishop’s argument not only ill-advised, but legally illegitimate and dangerous. Thus Foliot’s diatribe in Multiplicem should be understood not simply as a moment of anger, but as representative of a valid strain of thought in the English clergy, and that the attitude toward the crown on the part of churchmen was more dynamic than historians have recognized.text
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Balnaves, John. "Bernard of Morlaix : the Literature of complaint, the Latin tradition and the Twelfth-century “Renaissance”." Phd thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47692.
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Bernard of Morlaix was a Cluniac monk who flourished around 1140. What little is known about him, including his visit to Rome, is examined in relation to the affairs of the Cluniac family in his day. A new conjecture is advanced that he was prior of Saint-Denis de Nogent-le-Rotrou. His poems are discussed as examples of the genre of complaint literature. His treatment of the end of the world, and of death, judgement, heaven and hell, is discussed in relation to twelfth-century monasticism. His castigation of the sins of his time includes some of the earliest estates satire. His anticlericalism and his misogyny are compared with those of his contemporaries, and discussed in the context of twelfth-century monastic culture. Bernard’s classical learning is analysed and compared with that of his contemporaries, especially John of Salisbury and Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. His use of metre and rhyme is examined in the context of the development of metre based on stress rather than quantity and of systematic and sustained rhyme in the Latin verse of the twelfth century. Bernard’s use of interpretive and compositional allegory is explored. Bernard is seen as a man of his time, exemplifying a number of twelfth-century characteristics, religious, educational and cultural. Special attention is paid to the Latin literary tradition, and it is suggested that the culture of the twelfth-century was in many respects a culmination rather than a renaissance.
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Moore, Christine M. "A literary study of "Ille et Galeron" by Gautier D'Arras : generic experimentation and development in late twelfth century France." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139466.
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"The consolidation of literary registers in the world of the Senas and the beginning of its afterlife: Sanskrit and Bengali social poetics, 12th--14th century." THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3350905.
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Spiro, Anna. "Reconsidering the Career of the "Artifex" Nicholaus (active. c. 1122- c. 1164) in the Context of Later Twelfth-Century North Italian Politics." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8X34VMC.
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The present study revises the chronology for the twelfth-century "artifex" Nicholaus, demonstrating that his career began just after c.1122 in Piacenza and ended in Verona c. 1164, not c. 1150 as often proposed. The first sculpted entranceway with the Nicholaus imprimatur was executed at the Sagra di San Michele.
It is documented that Nicholaus was put in charge of supervising the construction and decoration of the new cathedral in Ferrara in 1135, including the western entranceway with his self-laudatory signature inscription. His activity here ended around 1150, at which time the interior of the cathedral was functional. In the early 1140s, members of the Nicholaus atelier and possibly the "artifex" himself crossed the Alps to execute certain sculptures at the imperial burial church at Königslutter. The signed Verona Cathedral entranceway was executed in the 1150s. Work at San Zeno began after 1164: the elegiac tone of two signature inscriptions here seems to indicate that Nicholaus died around this time.
To determine the date of the Nicholaus Verona projects, given the lack of firm documentary evidence for their dating, because their subject matter could be associated with a known historical incident or situation and those dates fit with my stylistic evaluation as to the sculpture's date, I used the dates for these occurrences as the "termini post quem" for the project.
Luigi Simeoni had proposed that the formation of the commune of Verona in 1135 is celebrated by the scene on the lunette at San Zeno depicting the patron saint of Verona signing blessing in the midst of the troops. This supported a date of 1138 for this work. However, my research into the relationship between Verona and various emperors led me to conclude that the image on the lunette at San Zeno actually memorializes the formation in 1164 of the Veronese League opposing Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. A second subject here, The Hunt of Theodoric, seems to have been chosen to insult Barbarossa, previously well received in Verona. The San Zeno frontispiece with Nicholaus's sculptures, the famous bronze doors, and the Wheel of Fortune window was assembled c.1200.
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Budde, Timothy. "The Versio Dionysii of John Scottus Eriugena. A Study of the Manuscript Tradition and Influence of Eriugena's Translation of the Corpus Areopagiticum From the 9th through the 12th century." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33846.
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Abstract
The research presented in this dissertation is an examination of the manuscript tradition of John Scottus Eriugena’s Latin translation (the Versio Dionysii) of the Greek works of Dionysius the pseudo-Areopagite. The goal of this project is fourfold: first, to establish the relationship between the extant families of the manuscripts; second, to re-examine the state of Greek studies in the 9th century based on the relationship between the manuscript families; third, to trace the continued use of these recensions through the 12th century; and, finally, to examine Eriugena’s interpretation of the writings of the pseudo-Areopagite based on the Irishman’s translations of certain philosophic ideas.
The First chapter establishes the existence of three distinct recensions, rather than two, as previously thought. Two of these recensions represent attempted corrections of the third. All three recensions (together with their corrections) are attributable to Eriugena (whether directly or indirectly). The second chapter examines the level of Eriugena’s understanding of Greek, especially within the context of the state of Greek studies in the 9th century. Special attention is given to the corrections of the later recensions, which suggest an improvement in Eriugena’s Hellenism. The third chapter examines the continued use of the Versio’s during the Middle Ages through the 12th century, with special care to clarify which recensions were known to which readers. The fourth and final chapter presents the originality of Eriugena’s interpretation of the pseudo-Areopagite’s thought. This originality stems in part from his understanding of the Greek text, and in part from his attempts to harmonize his sources.