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Cui, Licong, Ferdinand Dhombres, and Jean Charlet. "Knowledge Representation and Management: Notable Contributions in 2021." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 31, no. 01 (August 2022): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1742523.
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Objectives: To select, present, and summarize the best papers in the field of Knowledge Representation and Management (KRM) published in 2021. Methods: Following the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook guidelines, a comprehensive and standardized review of the biomedical informatics literature was performed to select the best KRM papers published in 2021, based on PubMed queries. Results: A total of 1,231 publications were retrieved from PubMed. We nominated 15 candidate best papers, and four of them were finally selected as the best papers in the KRM section. The topics covered by these papers include knowledge graph, ontology development, ontology alignment, and the International Classification of Diseases. Conclusion: In the KRM best paper selection for 2021, the candidate best papers covered a wider spectrum of topics compared to the last year’s significant focus on ontology curation. In particular, ontology development for specific domains (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, infectious diseases, bioethics) has received the most attention.
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Bronstein, David, and Fabián Mié. "Eleatic Ontology in Aristotle: Introduction." Peitho. Examina Antiqua 12, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pea.2021.1.1.
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The introduction summarizes the six new papers collected in Volume 1, Tome 5: Eleatic Ontology and Aristotle. The papers take a fresh look at virtually every aspect of Aristotle’s engagement with Eleaticism. They are particularly concerned with Aristotle’s responses to Parmenidean monism, the Eleatic rejection of change, and Zeno’s paradoxes. The contributions also focus on the ways in which Aristotle developed several of his own theories in metaphysics and natural science partly in reaction to Eleatic puzzles and arguments.
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Bohlander, Robert W. "Differentiation of Self, Need Fulfillment, and Psychological Well-Being in Married Men." Psychological Reports 84, no. 3_suppl (June 1999): 1274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3c.1274.
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The contributions of differentiation of self and need fulfillment within the marital relationship to the experience of psychological well-being were examined in a sample of 95 married men. Differentiation of self, interactional-emotional need fulfillment, and sexual need fulfillment were each associated with higher scores on psychological well-being. Perceived interactional-emotional need fulfillment was identified as the most important predictor of well-being, followed by differentiation of self, and then perceived sexual need fulfillment. Regression analysis indicated that collectively these variables accounted for a significant proportion (27%) of the variance in well-being within the sample. Men who perceived their marital partners to be meeting their interactional, emotional, and sexual needs and who are able to maintain interdependent relationships with their partners were more likely to experience positive mental health. The results point to the importance of attending to issues of self-differentiation and perceived need fulfillment within the context of the marital relationship to facilitate psychological health in men.
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Youn, Seongwook. "SPONGY (SPam ONtoloGY): Email Classification Using Two-Level Dynamic Ontology." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/414583.
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Email is one of common communication methods between people on the Internet. However, the increase of email misuse/abuse has resulted in an increasing volume of spam emails over recent years. An experimental system has been designed and implemented with the hypothesis that this method would outperform existing techniques, and the experimental results showed that indeed the proposed ontology-based approach improves spam filtering accuracy significantly. In this paper, two levels of ontology spam filters were implemented: a first level global ontology filter and a second level user-customized ontology filter. The use of the global ontology filter showed about 91% of spam filtered, which is comparable with other methods. The user-customized ontology filter was created based on the specific user’s background as well as the filtering mechanism used in the global ontology filter creation. The main contributions of the paper are (1) to introduce an ontology-based multilevel filtering technique that uses both a global ontology and an individual filter for each user to increase spam filtering accuracy and (2) to create a spam filter in the form of ontology, which is user-customized, scalable, and modularized, so that it can be embedded to many other systems for better performance.
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Poveda-Villalón, María, Asunción Gómez-Pérez, and Mari Carmen Suárez-Figueroa. "OOPS! (OntOlogy Pitfall Scanner!)." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 10, no. 2 (April 2014): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2014040102.
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This paper presents two contributions to the field of Ontology Evaluation. First, a live catalogue of pitfalls that extends previous works on modeling errors with new pitfalls resulting from an empirical analysis of over 693 ontologies. Such a catalogue classifies pitfalls according to the Structural, Functional and Usability-Profiling dimensions. For each pitfall, we incorporate the value of its importance level (critical, important and minor) and the number of ontologies where each pitfall has been detected. Second, OOPS! (OntOlogy Pitfall Scanner!), a tool for detecting pitfalls in ontologies and targeted at newcomers and domain experts unfamiliar with description logics and ontology implementation languages. The tool operates independently of any ontology development platform and is available online. The evaluation of the system is provided both through a survey of users' satisfaction and worldwide usage statistics. In addition, the system is also compared with existing ontology evaluation tools in terms of coverage of pitfalls detected.
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Lambert, Karel. "Predication and Ontology." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 3 (September 1987): 603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1987.10716456.
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It is an historical fact that one of Russell's greatest philosophical contributions was to highlight the role that premises about logical form play in ontological arguments. A pair of quotations will introduce his point that great metaphysical systems are often not only based on, but are debased by, the belief that certain statements of philosophical discourse are logically subject-predicate in form.Speaking of Hegel's Absolute Idealism, Russell wrote in Our Knowledge of The Extemal World:Mr. Bradley has worked out a theory according to which, in all judgment, we are ascribing a predicate to Reality as a whole; and this theory is derived from Hegel. Now the traditional logic holds that every proposition ascribes a predicate to a subject, and from this it easily follows that there can be only one subject, the Absolute, for if there were two, the proposition that there were two would not ascribe a predicate to either. Thus Hegel's doctrine, that philosophical propositions must be of the form, “the Absolute is such and such,” depends on the traditional belief in the universality of the subject-predicate form. This belief, being traditionaL scarcely self-conscious, and not supposed to be important, operates underground, and is assumed in arguments which, like the refutation of relations, appear at first sight to e;tablish its truth.
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Iliadis, Andrew. "Algorithms, ontology, and social progress." Global Media and Communication 14, no. 2 (May 22, 2018): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766518776688.
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Recently, media and communication researchers have shown an increasing interest in critical data studies and ways to utilize data for social progress. In this commentary, I highlight several useful contributions in the International Panel on Social Progress (IPSP) report toward identifying key data justice issues, before suggesting extra focus on algorithmic discrimination and implicit bias. Following my assessment of the IPSP’s report, I emphasize the importance of two emerging media and communication areas – applied ontology and semantic technology – that impact internet users daily, yet receive limited attention from critical data researchers. I illustrate two examples to show how applied ontologies and semantic technologies impact social processes by engaging in the hierarchization of social relations and entities, a practice that will become more common as the Internet changes states towards a ‘smarter’ version of itself.
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Mickūnas, Algis. "Film as Modern Medium and Ontology." Coactivity: Philosophy, Communication 23, no. 1 (July 15, 2015): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cpc.2015.222.
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The interest in television programming, its content, even its semiotics and at times the various levels of rhetoric, economic context and controlling interests, have been thoroughly analyzed. This is even the case with the analyses of the phenomenon of reruns, although one could surmise that the analyses are somewhat artificial. What has been left out of these important contributions are some of the most fundamental compositions of media in general and television in particular. These compositions will be called ontological, i.e. explicating the presumed nature of media, all the way to its very substance. The latter can only be intimated, since the more comprehensible aspects will be offered first.
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Reams, Renee, Simone O. Heyliger, marilyn Saulsbury, and Karam F. Soliman. "Abstract 1274: Prognostic relevance of ZnF 649 in clear cell carcinoma." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1274.
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Abstract Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common form of neoplastic disease affecting the kidneys that accounts for at least 70% of all kidney cancers. Given its resistance to medications and high mortality at later stages, there is a need to identify biomarkers that can detect ccRCC. KRAB Zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) are the largest family of mammalian transcription regulators. They are differentially expressed in various tissues during cellular development and phenotypic differentiation. Though poorly understood, these transcription factors, are also differentially expressed in several cancers though very few have been reported to be implicated in ccRCC. Using bioinformatics techniques, we have demonstrated that ZNF649 and its paralog ZNF613 are suppressed in clear cell renal carcinomas (p<0.001) relative to normal tissues. Moreover, The ZNF649 and ZNF613 transcripts were downregulated across all histological grades and pathological stages (p<0.001). In addition, both ZNF649 and ZNF613 downregulation was associated with metastasis and unsatisfactory patient survival (p<0.001). Univariate and multivariante Cox regression analysis of age, gene expression, gender, pathological stage, histological grade, and pathological N in relationship to overall survival in ccRCC patients revealed that ZNF649 expression was predictive of overall survival. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of the Gene Ontology Biological Processes database indicate that the top pathways enriched with genes correlated to ZNF649 expression were associated with angiogenesis, cellular motility and mitochondrial regulation (p<0.001 and FDR <0.05). Taken collectively, our observations indicate that ZNF649 is a prognostic marker and is a putative tumor suppressor gene in clear cell renal carcinoma. Citation Format: Renee Reams, Simone O. Heyliger, marilyn Saulsbury, Karam F. Soliman. Prognostic relevance of ZnF 649 in clear cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1274.
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Cheng, Yu-Jung, and Shu-Lai Chou. "Using digital humanity approaches to visualize and evaluate the cultural heritage ontology." Electronic Library 40, no. 1/2 (December 16, 2021): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-09-2021-0171.
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Purpose This study applies digital humanity tools (Gephi and Protégé) for establishing and visualizing ontologies in the cultural heritage domain. According to that, this study aims to develop a novel evaluation approach using five ontology indicators (data overview, visual presentation, highlight links, scalability and querying) to evaluate the knowledge structure presentation of cultural heritage ontology. Design/methodology/approach The researchers collected and organized 824 pieces of government’s open data (GOD), converted GOD into the resource description framework format, applied Protégé and Gephi to establish and visualize cultural heritage ontology. After ontology is built, this study recruited 60 ontology participants (30 from information and communications technology background; 30 from cultural heritage background) to operate this ontology and gather their different perspectives of visual ontology. Findings Based on the ontology participant’s feedback, this study discovered that Gephi is more supporting than Protégé when visualizing ontology. Especially in data overview, visual presentation and highlight links dimensions, which is supported visualization and demonstrated ontology class hierarchy and property relation, facilitated the wider application of ontology. Originality/value This study offers two contributions. First, the researchers analyzed data on East Asian architecture with novel digital humanities tools to visualize ontology for cultural heritage. Second, the study collected participant’s feedback regarding the visualized ontology to enhance its design, which can serve as a reference for future ontological development.
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GARZÁS, JAVIER, and MARIO PIATTINI. "AN ONTOLOGY FOR UNDERSTANDING AND APPLYING OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN KNOWLEDGE." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 17, no. 03 (June 2007): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194007003318.
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After years of experience in object-oriented design, software engineers have accumulated a great deal of knowledge in the design and construction of object-oriented systems: important contributions to this field including principles, heuristics, lessons learned, bad smells, refactorings, and so on, with the resultant major improvements in software development. However, this large body of knowledge is still not well organized, its terminology is ambiguous, and it is very difficult to make practical use of the contributions made. In this regard, we believe it is important to define an ontology in order to structure and unify design knowledge, since a good understanding of the experience derived from practical work is critical for software engineers. This ontology could be used to improve communication between software engineers, inter-operability among designs, design re-usability, design knowledge searching and specification, software maintenance, knowledge acquisition, etc. In the ontology we incorporate knowledge specific to both domain and technology. Such an organized body of knowledge could also be used for registering and documenting design rationale issues.
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Zúñiga, Didier. "Nature's Relations: Ontology, Vulnerability, Agency." Hypatia 35, no. 2 (2020): 298–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2020.7.
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AbstractPolitical theory and philosophy need to widen their view of the space in which what matters politically takes place, and I suggest that integrating the conditions of sustainability of all affected—that is, all participants in nature's relations—is a necessary first step in this direction. New materialists and posthumanists have challenged how nature and politics have traditionally been construed. While acknowledging the significance of their contributions, I critically examine the ethical and political implications of their ontological project. I focus particularly on how the decentering of human agency that they advocate for raises a set of concerns that need to be addressed in developing an appropriate ecological ethics. I argue that the latter must be attuned to the vulnerability of living beings who participate in relationships that sustain life on earth. This brings me to conclude that qualitative distinctions between the worlds of bios and techne are necessary. This is because we need to think critically about ways of evaluating types of relationships so that we can assess them and establish which are worth nurturing and protecting and which are not.
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Schmitt, Noemi, Fabio Tramontana, and Frank Westerhoff. "Nonlinear asset-price dynamics and stabilization policies." Nonlinear Dynamics 102, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 1045–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05828-8.
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AbstractWe first present a brief review of nonlinear asset-pricing models and contributions in which such models have been used as benchmarks to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of regulatory policy measures. We then illustrate the functioning of one particular asset-pricing model—the seminal framework by Brock and Hommes (J Econ Dyn Control 22:1235–1274, 1998)—and its possible stabilization via a central authority that seeks to counter the destabilizing trading behavior of speculators. Our paper underlines that tools from the field of nonlinear dynamical systems may foster our understanding of the functioning of asset markets, thereby enabling policymakers to design better trading environments in the future.
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SOININEN, TIMO, JUHA TIIHONEN, TOMI MÄNNISTÖ, and REIJO SULONEN. "Towards a general ontology of configuration." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 12, no. 4 (September 1998): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060498124083.
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This article presents a generalized ontology of product configuration as a step towards a general ontology of configuration, which is needed to reuse and share configuration knowledge. The ontology presented consists of a set of concepts for representing the knowledge on a configuration and the restrictions on possible configurations. The ontology is based on a synthesis of the main approaches to configuration. Earlier approaches are extended with new concepts arising from our practical experience on configurable products. The concepts include components, attributes, resources, ports, contexts, functions, constraints, and relations between these. The main contributions of this work are in the detailed conceptualization of knowledge on product structures and in extending the resource concept with contexts for limiting the availability and use of resources. In addition, constraint sets representing different views on the product are introduced. The ontology is compared with the previous work on configuration. It covers all the principal approaches, that is, connection-based, structure-based, resource-based, and function-based approaches to configuration. The dependencies between the concepts arising from different conceptualizations are briefly analyzed. Several ways in which the ontology could be extended are pointed out.
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Arenhart, Décio Krause Jonas R. B., and Newton C. A. da Costa. "Ontology and the Mathematization of the Scientific Enterprise." Phainomenon 25, no. 1 (October 1, 2012): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/phainomenon-2012-0018.
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Abstract In this basically expository paper we discuss the role oflogic and mathematics in researches concerning the ontology of scientific theories, and we consider the particular case of quantum mechanics. We argue that systems of logic in general, and classical logic in particular, may contribute substantially with the ontology of any theory that has this logic in its base. In the case of quantum mechanics, however, from the point of view of philosophical discussions conceming identity and individuality, those contributions may not be welcome for a specific interpretation, and an altemative system of logic perhaps could be used instead of a classical system. In this sense, we argue that the logic and ontology of a scientific theory may be seen as mutually inftuencing each other. On the one hand, logic contributes to shape the general features of the ontology of a theory; on the other hand, the theory also puts constraints on the possible understanding of ontology and, respectively, on possible systems of logic that may be the underlying logic ofthe theory.
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Nagy, László, Tamás Ruppert, and János Abonyi. "Ontology-Based Analysis of Manufacturing Processes: Lessons Learned from the Case Study of Wire Harness Production." Complexity 2021 (November 19, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8603515.
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Effective information management is critical for the development of manufacturing processes. This paper aims to provide an overview of ontologies that can be utilized in building Industry 4.0 applications. The main contributions of the work are that it highlights ontologies that are suitable for manufacturing management and recommends the multilayer-network-based interpretation and analysis of ontology-based databases. This article not only serves as a reference for engineers and researchers on ontologies but also presents a reproducible industrial case study that describes the ontology-based model of a wire harness assembly manufacturing process.
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Köhler, Sebastian, Michael Gargano, Nicolas Matentzoglu, Leigh C. Carmody, David Lewis-Smith, Nicole A. Vasilevsky, Daniel Danis, et al. "The Human Phenotype Ontology in 2021." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. D1 (December 2, 2020): D1207—D1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa1043.
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Abstract The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO, https://hpo.jax.org) was launched in 2008 to provide a comprehensive logical standard to describe and computationally analyze phenotypic abnormalities found in human disease. The HPO is now a worldwide standard for phenotype exchange. The HPO has grown steadily since its inception due to considerable contributions from clinical experts and researchers from a diverse range of disciplines. Here, we present recent major extensions of the HPO for neurology, nephrology, immunology, pulmonology, newborn screening, and other areas. For example, the seizure subontology now reflects the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) guidelines and these enhancements have already shown clinical validity. We present new efforts to harmonize computational definitions of phenotypic abnormalities across the HPO and multiple phenotype ontologies used for animal models of disease. These efforts will benefit software such as Exomiser by improving the accuracy and scope of cross-species phenotype matching. The computational modeling strategy used by the HPO to define disease entities and phenotypic features and distinguish between them is explained in detail.We also report on recent efforts to translate the HPO into indigenous languages. Finally, we summarize recent advances in the use of HPO in electronic health record systems.
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Gillani, Saira, and Andrea Ko. "Incremental Ontology Population and Enrichment through Semantic-based Text Mining." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 11, no. 3 (July 2015): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2015070103.
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Higher education and professional trainings often apply innovative e-learning systems, where ontologies are used for structuring domain knowledge. To provide up-to-date knowledge for the students, ontology has to be maintained regularly. It is especially true for IT audit and security domain, because technology is changing fast. However manual ontology population and enrichment is a complex task that require professional experience involving a lot of efforts. The authors' paper deals with the challenges and possible solutions for semi-automatic ontology enrichment and population. ProMine has two main contributions; one is the semantic-based text mining approach for automatically identifying domain-specific knowledge elements; the other is the automatic categorization of these extracted knowledge elements by using Wiktionary. ProMine ontology enrichment solution was applied in IT audit domain of an e-learning system. After ten cycles of the application ProMine, the number of automatically identified new concepts are tripled and ProMine categorized new concepts with high precision and recall.
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SUN, GUANG-ZHEN. "Nasir ad-Din Tusi on social cooperation and the division of labor: Fragment from The Nasirean Ethics." Journal of Institutional Economics 4, no. 3 (December 2008): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137408001148.
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Nasir ad-Din Tusi's (born 1201 in Tus in northeastern Persia; died 1274 in Baghdad), has been far more influential for his various contributions to astronomy and mathematics, including founding the Maraghah observatory (in Iranian Azerbaijan) and his brilliant reformulations of the Ptolemaic planetary model, which served as an important inspiration for Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) revolutionary work than for anything else. Nonetheless, he also stands as one major figure in the medieval Islamic philosophical ethics and a profound thinker on socio-economic matters, as is attested by his masterpiece Akhlāq-i Nāsirī (The Nasirean Ethics – titled after his first name), from which the following Fragment is taken. He may be deservingly credited as an important pioneer of the science of political economy.
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Robinson, Peter N., and Melissa A. Haendel. "Ontologies, Knowledge Representation, and Machine Learning for Translational Research: Recent Contributions." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 29, no. 01 (August 2020): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701991.
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Objectives: To select, present, and summarize the most relevant papers published in 2018 and 2019 in the field of Ontologies and Knowledge Representation, with a particular focus on the intersection between Ontologies and Machine Learning. Methods: A comprehensive review of the medical informatics literature was performed to select the most interesting papers published in 2018 and 2019 and that document the utility of ontologies for computational analysis, including machine learning. Results: Fifteen articles were selected for inclusion in this survey paper. The chosen articles belong to three major themes: (i) the identification of phenotypic abnormalities in electronic health record (EHR) data using the Human Phenotype Ontology ; (ii) word and node embedding algorithms to supplement natural language processing (NLP) of EHRs and other medical texts; and (iii) hybrid ontology and NLP-based approaches to extracting structured and unstructured components of EHRs. Conclusion: Unprecedented amounts of clinically relevant data are now available for clinical and research use. Machine learning is increasingly being applied to these data sources for predictive analytics, precision medicine, and differential diagnosis. Ontologies have become an essential component of software pipelines designed to extract, code, and analyze clinical information by machine learning algorithms. The intersection of machine learning and semantics is proving to be an innovative space in clinical research.
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Filali, Jalila, Hajer Baazaoui Zghal, and Jean Martinet. "Ontology-Based Image Classification and Annotation." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 11 (March 16, 2020): 2040002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420400029.
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With the rapid growth of image collections, image classification and annotation has been active areas of research with notable recent progress. Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) model, which relies on building visual vocabulary, has been widely used in this area. Recently, attention has been shifted to the use of advanced architectures which are characterized by multi-level processing. Hierarchical Max-Pooling (HMAX) model has attracted a great deal of attention in image classification. To improve image classification and annotation, several approaches based on ontologies have been proposed. However, image classification and annotation remain a challenging problem due to many related issues like the problem of ambiguity between classes. This problem can affect the quality of both classification and annotation results. In this paper, we propose an ontology-based image classification and annotation approach. Our contributions consist of the following: (1) exploiting ontological relationships between classes during both image classification and annotation processes; (2) combining the outputs of hypernym–hyponym classifiers to lead to a better discrimination between classes; and (3) annotating images by combining hypernym and hyponym classification results in order to improve image annotation and to reduce the ambiguous and inconsistent annotations. The aim is to improve image classification and annotation by using ontologies. Several strategies have been experimented, and the obtained results have shown that our proposal improves image classification and annotation.
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DOU, DEJING, HAN QIN, and PAEA LEPENDU. "ONTOGRATE: TOWARDS AUTOMATIC INTEGRATION FOR RELATIONAL DATABASES AND THE SEMANTIC WEB THROUGH AN ONTOLOGY-BASED FRAMEWORK." International Journal of Semantic Computing 04, no. 01 (March 2010): 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x10000961.
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Integrating existing relational databases with ontology-based systems is among the important research problems for the Semantic Web. We have designed a comprehensive framework called OntoGrate which combines a highly automatic mapping system, a logic inference engine, and several syntax wrappers that inter-operate with consistent semantics to answer ontology-based queries using the data from heterogeneous databases. There are several major contributions of our OntoGrate research: (i) we designed an ontology-based framework that provides a unified semantics for mapping discovery and query translation by transforming database schemas to Semantic Web ontologies; (ii) we developed a highly automatic ontology mapping system which leverages object reconciliation and multi-relational data mining techniques; (iii) we developed an inference-based query translation algorithm and several syntax wrappers which can translate queries and answers between relational databases and the Semantic Web. The testing results of our implemented OntoGrate system in different domains show that the large amount of data in relational databases can be directly utilized for answering Semantic Web queries rather than first converting all relational data into RDF or OWL.
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Sivertsen, Sveinung Sundfør. "No Need for Infinite Iteration." Journal of Social Ontology 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jso-2014-0026.
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AbstractAs part of his argument for a “Copernican revolution” in social ontology, Hans Bernhard Schmid (2005) argues that the individualistic approach to social ontology is critically flawed. This article rebuts his claim that the notion of mutual belief necessarily entails infinite iteration of beliefs about the intentions of others, and argues that collective action can arise from individual contributions without such iteration. What matters is whether or when there are grounds for belief, and while extant groups and social structures may be relevant to some forms of collective action, this does not show that all forms of collective action depends on such such pre-established collectivity.
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Phan, Cong-Phuoc, Hong-Quang Nguyen, and Tan-Tai Nguyen. "Ontology-based heuristic patent search." International Journal of Web Information Systems 15, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 258–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-06-2018-0053.
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Purpose Large collections of patent documents disclosing novel, non-obvious technologies are publicly available and beneficial to academia and industries. To maximally exploit its potential, searching these patent documents has increasingly become an important topic. Although much research has processed a large size of collections, a few studies have attempted to integrate both patent classifications and specifications for analyzing user queries. Consequently, the queries are often insufficiently analyzed for improving the accuracy of search results. This paper aims to address such limitation by exploiting semantic relationships between patent contents and their classification. Design/methodology/approach The contributions are fourfold. First, the authors enhance similarity measurement between two short sentences and make it 20 per cent more accurate. Second, the Graph-embedded Tree ontology is enriched by integrating both patent documents and classification scheme. Third, the ontology does not rely on rule-based method or text matching; instead, an heuristic meaning comparison to extract semantic relationships between concepts is applied. Finally, the patent search approach uses the ontology effectively with the results sorted based on their most common order. Findings The experiment on searching for 600 patent documents in the field of Logistics brings better 15 per cent in terms of F-Measure when compared with traditional approaches. Research limitations/implications The research, however, still requires improvement in which the terms and phrases extracted by Noun and Noun phrases making less sense in some aspect and thus might not result in high accuracy. The large collection of extracted relationships could be further optimized for its conciseness. In addition, parallel processing such as Map-Reduce could be further used to improve the search processing performance. Practical implications The experimental results could be used for scientists and technologists to search for novel, non-obvious technologies in the patents. Social implications High quality of patent search results will reduce the patent infringement. Originality/value The proposed ontology is semantically enriched by integrating both patent documents and their classification. This ontology facilitates the analysis of the user queries for enhancing the accuracy of the patent search results.
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Walk, Simon, Jan Pöschko, Markus Strohmaier, Keith Andrews, Tania Tudorache, Natalya F. Noy, Csongor Nyulas, and Mark A. Musen. "PragmatiX." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 9, no. 1 (January 2013): 45–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jswis.2013010103.
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With the emergence of tools for collaborative ontology engineering, more and more data about the creation process behind collaborative construction of ontologies is becoming available. Today, collaborative ontology engineering tools such as Collaborative Protégé offer rich and structured logs of changes, thereby opening up new challenges and opportunities to study and analyze the creation of collaboratively constructed ontologies. While there exists a plethora of visualization tools for ontologies, they have primarily been built to visualize aspects of the final product (the ontology) and not the collaborative processes behind construction (e.g. the changes made by contributors over time). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there exists no ontology visualization tool today that focuses primarily on visualizing the history behind collaboratively constructed ontologies. Since the ontology engineering processes can influence the quality of the final ontology, they believe that visualizing process data represents an important stepping-stone towards better understanding of managing the collaborative construction of ontologies in the future. In this application paper, the authors present a tool – PragmatiX – which taps into structured change logs provided by tools such as Collaborative Protégé to visualize various pragmatic aspects of collaborative ontology engineering. The tool is aimed at managers and leaders of collaborative ontology engineering projects to help them in monitoring progress, in exploring issues and problems, and in tracking quality-related issues such as overrides and coordination among contributors. The paper makes the following contributions: (i) They present PragmatiX, a tool for visualizing the creation process behind collaboratively constructed ontologies (ii) the authors illustrate the functionality and generality of the tool by applying it to structured logs of changes of two large collaborative ontology-engineering projects and (iii) they conduct a heuristic evaluation of the tool with domain experts to uncover early design challenges and opportunities for improvement. Finally, the authors hope that this work sparks a new line of research on visualization tools for collaborative ontology engineering projects.
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Li, Zhanjun, Maria C. Yang, and Karthik Ramani. "A methodology for engineering ontology acquisition and validation." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 23, no. 1 (December 16, 2008): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060409000092.
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AbstractWhen engineering content is created and applied during the product life cycle, it is often stored and forgotten. Current information retrieval approaches based on statistical methods and keyword matching are not effective in understanding the context of engineering content. They are not designed to be directly applicable to the engineering domain. Therefore, engineers have very limited means to harness and reuse past designs. The overall objective of our research is to develop an engineering ontology (EO)-based computational framework to structure unstructured engineering documents and achieve more effective information retrieval. This paper focuses on the method and process to acquire and validate the EO. The main contributions include a new, systematic, and more structured ontology development method assisted by a semiautomatic acquisition tool. This tool is integrated with Protégé ontology editing environment; an engineering lexicon (EL) that represents the associated lexical knowledge of the EO to bridge the gap between the concept space of the ontology and the word space of engineering documents and queries; the first large-scale EO and EL acquired from established knowledge resources for engineering information retrieval; and a comprehensive validation strategy and its implementations to justify the quality of the acquired EO. A search system based on the EO and EL has been developed and tested. The retrieval performance test further justifies the effectiveness of the EO and EL as well as the ontology development method.
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Walleczek, Jan, Gerhard Grössing, Paavo Pylkkänen, and Basil Hiley. "Emergent Quantum Mechanics: David Bohm Centennial Perspectives." Entropy 21, no. 2 (January 26, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21020113.
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Emergent quantum mechanics (EmQM) explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in realist approaches to quantum mechanics challenges the standard textbook view, which represents an operationalist approach. The possibility of an ontological, i.e., realist, quantum mechanics was first introduced with the original de Broglie–Bohm theory, which has also been developed in another context as Bohmian mechanics. This Editorial introduces a Special Issue featuring contributions which were invited as part of the David Bohm Centennial symposium of the EmQM conference series (www.emqm17.org). Questions directing the EmQM research agenda are: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a form of quantum causality or quantum ontology? What is the role of the experimenter agent in ontological quantum mechanics? The Special Issue also includes research examining ontological propositions that are not based on the Bohm-type nonlocality. These include, for example, local, yet time-symmetric, ontologies, such as quantum models based upon retrocausality. This Editorial provides topical overviews of thirty-one contributions which are organized into seven categories to provide orientation.
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Vang, Tran Anh, and Ping Yu Jiang. "Using Ontology and Rule-Based Reasoning for Supporting Automatic Process Plan for Milling Prismatic Parts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 127 (October 2011): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.127.531.
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Nowadays, the manufacturing enterprises are in a highly dynamic environment because of the continuous changes of market. Therefore, the integration of product’s data and manufacturing data are paid much attention of researchers due to its role in improving the reliability and flexibility of manufacturing process. In this paper, we present a new approach of using ontology and rule-based reasoning to support this integration. Contributions of this research consist of establishing an architecture of semantic CAPP system (s-CAPP), using OWL (Web Ontology Language) and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) to describe the information of machining parts and manufacturing equipments, presenting the definition of feasible process plan through rule-based reasoning with SWRL and JESS, and giving a case study on s-CAPP system.
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Dallmayr, Fred. "Rethinking the Political: Some Heideggerian Contributions." Review of Politics 52, no. 4 (1990): 524–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500048944.
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Recent literature on Heidegger concentrates heavily on his (temporary) involvement in or collusion with Nazi ideology and policies. Without belittling the gravity of the issue, this article shifts the focus somewhat by invoking a distinction which recently has emerged (or reemerged) in political thought: namely, the distinction between “politics” and “the political” or between politics viewed as partisan ideology or policy making, on the one hand, and politics seen as regime or paradigmatic framework, on the other. The main thesis of the article is that Heidegger's promising contributions to political theory are located on the level of ontology or paradigmatic framework rather than that of ideological partisanship. While not neglecting the dismal intrusions of the latter plane, the article probes Heideggerian cues for a “rethinking of the political” by placing the accent on four topical areas: first, the status of the subject or individual as political agent; second, the character of the political community, that is, of the polity or (in modern terms) the “state”; thirdly, the issue of cultural and political development or modernization; and finally, the problem of an emerging cosmopolis or world order beyond the confines of Western culture. In discussing these topics, an effort is made to disentangle Heidegger from possible misinterpretations and to indicate how, in each area, his thought pointed in the direction of an “overcoming” of Western political metaphysics.
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Toma, Iulian-Florin. "Contributions to the Study of Semantic Interoperability in Multi-Agent Environments - An Ontology Based Approach." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 5, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2010.5.2258.
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This paper details the results of our work in the field of multi-agent ontology-based environment simulation. We analyze the impact of introducing some techniques for the alignment / translation / mapping of agent ontologies, which allows for collaborative understanding of distributed ontologies. In the end, we analyze the difficulties / gaps that are to be filled for an actual deployment of the technology / concept in a real life environment.
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Endres, Anthony M., and David A. Harper. "Capital in the history of economic thought: charting the ontological underworld." Cambridge Journal of Economics 44, no. 5 (August 27, 2020): 1069–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beaa026.
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Abstract We undertake a comprehensive descriptive and comparative ontology of capital in the history of economic thought post-1870. Beginning with the pioneering contributions of Menger, Böhm-Bawerk, Clark and Knight, we reassess the familiar dualistic ontology of capital that contrasts ‘materialist’ and ‘fundist’ approaches. Advancing beyond this dualism, we find that the ontology of capital is an evolving mosaic presenting many nuances and overlapping with other ontologies concerning notions of time and atomism. There is no substitute for examining the diverse theories, causal explanations and conceptual systems in which capital is embedded. In episodic capital controversies, economists have employed distinctive metaphors of capital revealing hidden presuppositions that imply specific functional and dispositional properties of capital. Ontological comparison can uncover implicit ideas about capital, as evidenced in the metaphors used by Böhm-Bawerk, Hayek and Robinson. The benefits of a descriptive and comparative approach are further illustrated in our critical appraisal of the modern monetary ontology of capital associated with Piketty, business finance and growth accounting. Differentiated by their specific ontologies, each explanation of capital in market economies should be regarded as at best a very partial account, though our assessment shows that some explanations are relatively more fragmentary and impoverished than others.
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Senthilnayaki, B., K. Venkatalakshmi, and A. Kannan. "An Ontology Based Framework for Intelligent Web Based e-Learning." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 11, no. 2 (April 2015): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2015040102.
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E-Learning is a fast, just-in-time, and non-linear learning process, which is now widely applied in distributed and dynamic environments such as the World Wide Web. Ontology plays an important role in capturing and disseminating the real world knowledge for effective human computer interactions. However, engineering of domain ontologies is very labor intensive and time consuming. Some machine learning methods have been explored for automatic or semi-automatic discovery of domain ontologies. Nevertheless, both the accuracy and the computational efficiency of these methods need to be improved. While constructing large scale ontology for real-world applications such as e-learning, the ability to monitor the progress of students' learning performance is a critical issue. In this paper, a system is proposed for analyzing students' knowledge level obtained using Kolb's classification based on the students level of understanding and their learning style using cluster analysis. This system uses fuzzy logic and clustering algorithms to arrange their documents according to the level of their performance. Moreover, a new domain ontology discovery method is proposed uses contextual information of the knowledge sources from the e-Learning domain. This proposed system constructs ontology to provide an effective assistance in e-Learning. The proposed ontology discovery method has been empirically tested in an e-Learning environment for teaching the subject Database Management Systems. The salient contributions of this paper are the use of Jaccard Similarity measure and K-Means clustering algorithm for clustering of learners and the use of ontology for concept understanding and learning style identification. This helps in adaptive e-learning by providing suitable suggestions for decision making and it uses decision rules for providing intelligent e-Learning.
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Anderson, C. Anthony. "Alonzo Church's Contributions to Philosophy and Intensional Logic." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 4, no. 2 (June 1998): 129–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/421020.
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§0. Alonzo Church's contributions to philosophy and to that most philosophical part of logic, intensional logic, are impressive indeed. He wrote relatively few papers actually devoted to specifically philosophical issues, as distinguished from related technical work in logic. Many of his contributions appear in reviews for The Journal of Symbolic Logic, and it can hardly be maintained that one finds there a “philosophical system”. But there occur a clearly articulated and powerful methodology, terse arguments, often of “crushing cogency”, and philosophical observations of the first importance.Many of the less formal philosophical contributions center around questions concerning meaning, but there are important clarifications and insights into matters of the epistemology and ontology of the sciences, especially the formal sciences.1.1. The logistic method. Church's writings on philosophical matters exhibit an unwavering commitment to what he called the “logistic method”. The term did not catch on and now one would just speak of “formalization”. The use of these ideas is now so common and familiar among logicians and logically-oriented philosophers that they are simply taken for granted. But they deserve to be celebrated and re-emphasized, for there are (still) philosophers who seriously underestimate and even consciously reject these techniques.
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Cloutier, Charlotte, and Ann Langley. "What Makes a Process Theoretical Contribution?" Organization Theory 1, no. 1 (January 2020): 263178772090247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631787720902473.
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In recent years, there have been many calls for scholars to innovate in their styles of conceptual work, and in particular to develop process theoretical contributions that consider the dynamic unfolding of phenomena over time. Yet, while there are templates for constructing conceptual contributions structured in the form variance theories, approaches to developing process models, especially in the absence of formal empirical data, have received less attention. To fill this gap, we build on a review of conceptual articles that develop process theoretical contributions published in two major journals ( Academy of Management Review and Organization Studies) to propose a typology of four process theorizing styles that we label linear, parallel, recursive and conjunctive. As we move from linear to parallel to recursive to conjunctive styles, conceptual reasoning becomes more deeply embedded in process ontology, while the standard structuring devices such as diagrams, tables and propositions traditionally employed in conceptual articles appear less useful. We offer recommendations that may be helpful in enriching and deepening process theoretical contributions of all types.
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Misoczky, Maria Ceci, and Rafael Kruter Flores. "Contributions of a materialist ontology to the critical knowledge of labour processes and workers struggles." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Organizacionais 4, no. 2 (March 30, 2018): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21583/2447-4851.rbeo.2017.v4n2.143.
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Abdullah, Noryusliza, and Rosziati Ibrahim. "Similarity Measurement in the Hybrid of Semantic Web Search Engine." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 3 (June 25, 2013): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v8i3.3403.
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Semantic Web approach with the assistance of ontology is widely used to give more reliable application in retrieving information and knowledge. It is capable to discover the World Wide Web (WWW) that is presented in natural-language text. Based on previous research, incorporating categorization with ontology concept has proven to give better results. However, performing hybrid of the search engine using another technique that is user profiling has a promising potency in enhancing the searching process. Utilizing searching time and giving relevant results are the contributions of this research. The proposed hybrid techniques integrate ontologies, categorization and user profiling concept. In user profiling, similarity measure is adopted in making comparison between two different ontologies. WordNet and UTHM Onto are the independent ontologies used in this process. The preliminary experimental results have given interesting results in terms of data arrangement and time usage.
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SMYTH, BRYAN. "Merleau-Ponty and the Generation of Animals." PhaenEx 2, no. 2 (December 14, 2007): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v2i2.406.
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Merleau-Ponty recognized that phenomenology's methodological coherence required that it reject anthropocentricity and extend its scope beyond the human realm. But he also recognized that this does not change the central role played by human consciousness in phenomenology, which he thus construed as a practical, humanistic project based on 'ontological faith'. Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological contributions concerning animals, then, and in particular his notion of 'interanimality', need to be understood as 'generative' contributions toward the realization of a singular common world. While this does not address issues of interspecific justice directly, it does reveal the underlying ontology of interspecificity to be a normative projection of a decentred humanism, an insight that has the potential to productively rethink the nature of our ethical relations with animals.
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Spoladore, Daniele, and Elena Pessot. "Collaborative Ontology Engineering Methodologies for the Development of Decision Support Systems: Case Studies in the Healthcare Domain." Electronics 10, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091060.
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New models and technological advances are driving the digital transformation of healthcare systems. Ontologies and Semantic Web have been recognized among the most valuable solutions to manage the massive, various, and complex healthcare data deriving from different sources, thus acting as backbones for ontology-based Decision Support Systems (DSSs). Several contributions in the literature propose Ontology engineering methodologies (OEMs) to assist the formalization and development of ontologies, by providing guidelines on tasks, activities, and stakeholders’ participation. Nevertheless, existing OEMs differ widely according to their approach, and often lack of sufficient details to support ontology engineers. This paper performs a meta-review of the main criteria adopted for assessing OEMs, and major issues and shortcomings identified in existing methodologies. The key issues requiring specific attention (i.e., the delivery of a feasibility study, the introduction of project management processes, the support for reuse, and the involvement of stakeholders) are then explored into three use cases of semantic-based DSS in health-related fields. Results contribute to the literature on OEMs by providing insights on specific tools and approaches to be used when tackling these issues in the development of collaborative OEMs supporting DSS.
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Rossi, Rafael. "Geografia e Ontologia Marxiana Geography and Marxian Ontology." GEOGRAFIA (Londrina) 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/2447-1747.2016v25n2p79.
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De modo geral a Geografia é tratada apenas do ponto de vista gnosiológico enquanto um ramo da ciência que se especializou no estudo das diferentes dimensões físicas, sociais e outras que produzem o espaço geográfico. Certamente a Geografia é, também, uma ciência própria, específica. Todavia, propomos neste artigo uma reflexão de ordem ontológica materialista a respeito da Geografia. Neste sentido, podemos compreendê-la enquanto um complexo universal, ou seja, ontológico do ser social. Para demonstrar a necessidade deste raciocínio e deste modo de encarar esta problemática, trazemos as contribuições do filósofo húngaro Gyrogy Lukács, em especial, no tocante à sua monumental Ontologia do Ser Social, pois nesta obra há reflexões imprescindíveis para a compreensão a respeito da constituição do mundo dos homens numa perspectiva eminentemente crítica, radical e revolucionária. AbstractIn general geography is treated just the gnoseological point of view, as a branch of science that specializes in the study of different physical, social and other that produces the geographical space. Certainly Geography is also a separate, specific science. However, in this article we propose a materialist ontological reflection on Geography. In this sense, we can understand it as a universal complex, ie the ontological social being. To demonstrate the need for this reason and this way of looking at this issue, we bring the contributions of the Hungarian philosopher Gyrogy Lukács, in particular with regard to its monumental Ontology of Social Being, because this work there are reflections essential for understanding on the formation of world of men in a highly critical perspective, radical and revolutionary.
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Zhou, Rong Fu, Luan Yang, Li Hua Wang, and Quan Jiang Sun. "User Oriented Semi-Supervised Document Clustering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1523.
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In many text mining applications, it is needed to cluster documents according to demand of users. However, Traditional documents clustering that use unsupervised learning are not able to meet this demand. In this paper, a new clustering approach that focuses on the problem is proposed. Main contributions include: (1) Expresses user requirement by topic with multiple attributes (2) Annotates topic semantic by ontology, calculate dissimilarity between topic semantics and build dissimilarity matrix. Experiments show that new approach is effective.
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Shipton, Warren, and Youssry Gurguis. "Controversy Worldview Insights and Contributions to Philosophy Made by Bible Writers was and others." Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 7, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 2004–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.934.
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Introduction: The paper seeks to give a coherent outline of the biblical worldview. The basic questions that underlie the formation of such a worldview are examined in the areas of ontology, epistemology, and axiology.
Method: The historical-grammatical approach to biblical understanding was adopted. Questions on ontology, epistemology, and axiology were explored by examining Bible writer records. Four major historical periods, from around 1500 BCE to 100 CE, were examined. The concepts highlighted were compared with corrective statements made by Christ on views expressed in His day.
Result: Moses and other prophets spoke with a singular voice regarding a controversy worldview between good and evil, which also is mirrored by New Testament writers. They corporately also identified the principal elements of philosophy underpinning this theme that should guide Christians in the areas of reality, knowing, and acting. There is a striking commonality of information across the four historical periods examined, but we do not assert that believers at the time necessarily held views identical to those held today. Anciently, philosophers, scholars and leaders studied and admired other belief and worship systems. This led to disastrous consequences on account of syncretism. Christ corrected the principal misunderstandings for hearers of His day.
Discussion: Our Lord spoke against many worldview perversions. The instruction comes to us, through these examples, to make sola Scriptura its own interpreter, to reverence God’s revelations through His prophets, and to seek to understand God’s beautiful character as the guide to our worship and ethical behavior. Further research might be conducted on the origin of changes seen in today’s major Christian churches that are exerting a contrary impact.
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Kontos, Pia, Alisa Grigorovich, Alexis P. Kontos, and Karen-Lee Miller. "Citizenship, human rights, and dementia: Towards a new embodied relational ethic of sexuality." Dementia 15, no. 3 (May 2016): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301216636258.
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Sexual citizenship and sexual rights scholarship have made important contributions to broadening citizenship and more fully accommodating rights related to sexuality. However, this scholarship has concentrated primarily on the sexuality and intimacy-related needs of younger people and those who are not cognitively impaired. Consequently, it has inadvertently served to marginalize persons living with dementia who reside in long-term residential care settings. We argue that supporting sexual rights for persons with dementia requires a particular human rights ontology for citizenship—one that recognizes that corporeality is a fundamental source of self-expression, interdependence, and reciprocal engagement. This is an ontology that underpins our model of relational citizenship and that grounds our articulation of an ethic of embodied relational sexuality. In our view, this ethic offers important direction for the development of policy, legislation, and clinical guidelines to support sexual rights for persons with dementia in long-term residential care.
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Visutsak, Porawat. "Ontology-Based Semantic Retrieval for Durian Pests and Diseases Control System." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2021.11.1.1019.
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In Southeast Asia, durian is affectionately called the king of fruit. Durian is the most popular crop planted in eastern and southern of Thailand. The total crop is around 600,000 tons per year; among this, 500,000 tons of the total production were exported worldwide. In Thailand, the knowledge of durian production is based on experience from generation to generation, especially the knowledge of durian pests and diseases control. This paper presents the ontology knowledge based for durian pests and diseases retrieval system. The major contributions of the system consist of 1) the stored knowledge of durian pests and diseases and 2) the diagnosis of durian diseases and the suggestions for the treatments. The ontology knowledge consists of 8 main classes: 1) diseases, 2) pests, 3) cultivars, 4) symptoms of bunch, 5) leaf area symptoms, 6) symptoms of the branches and trunk, 7) symptoms of fruit, and 8) symptoms of root and growth. The experimental results yielded 100% of precision, 88.33% of recall, and 93.8% of overall performance.
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Singh, Bhupender, Sandeep Grover, and Vikram Singh. "An empirical study of benchmarking evaluation using MCDM in service industries." Managerial Auditing Journal 32, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 111–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/maj-11-2015-1274.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to generate awareness of contributions made by benchmarking toward building performance of Indian service industries in globally market. Ranking of Benchmarking is done on the basis of their application which give confidence for the managers to adopt in their Industries so that they may become best in their field. Design/methodology/approach Methodology consists of three phase: define, phase include definitions, factors of benchmarking as literature outcomes, questionnaire survey and outcome of survey. In the second phase, analysis of collected data and applications of multi-criteria decision-making approaches [technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and analytical network process (ANP)] are used. The last phase includes comparison of results which gives validation in similarities of ranking obtained. Findings The study identifies seven different benchmarking techniques used for service industries. Using TOPSIS and ANP approaches shows similarity that external benchmarking, performance benchmarking and internal benchmarking are the first three ranks that give basis for several critical success factors s, namely, planning, reliability, standardization, time behavior, usability, etc., as part of benchmarking using in service industries. Research limitations/implications The limitation is the assumptions made by multi-criteria decision-making approaches which may effect the analysis of the study as these are taken theoretically. Originality/value This study is a first attempt to find similarities in both techniques while comparing benchmarking in Indian service industries.
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Guo, Bin, Satoru Satake, and Michita Imai. "Home-Explorer: Ontology-Based Physical Artifact Search and Hidden Object Detection System." Mobile Information Systems 4, no. 2 (2008): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/463787.
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A new system named Home-Explorer that searches and finds physical artifacts in a smart indoor environment is proposed. The view on which it is based is artifact-centered and uses sensors attached to the everyday artifacts (called smart objects) in the real world. This paper makes two main contributions: First, it addresses, the robustness of the embedded sensors, which is seldom discussed in previous smart artifact research. Because sensors may sometimes be broken or fail to work under certain conditions, smart objects become hidden ones. However, current systems provide no mechanism to detect and manage objects when this problem occurs. Second, there is no common context infrastructure for building smart artifact systems, which makes it difficult for separately developed applications to interact with each other and uneasy for them to share and reuse knowledge. Unlike previous systems, Home-Explorer builds on an ontology-based knowledge infrastructure named Sixth-Sense, which makes it easy for the system to interact with other applications or agents also based on this ontology. The hidden object problem is also reflected in our ontology, which enables Home-Explorer to deal with both smart objects and hidden objects. A set of rules for deducing an object's status or location information and for locating hidden objects are described and evaluated.
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Zhang, Guo Hai, and Yu Sheng Li. "Retrieval and Clustering for Multiple Disciplines Design Knowledge Based on Ontology and Semantic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301 (February 2013): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.155.
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This paper presents a new kind of retrieval and clustering solution for multiple disciplines design knowledge during complex product development. The main contributions of this study can be focused on four points: The first is to distinguish the concepts and contents of ontology theories and semantic web. The second is to map the distinction and relationship between concepts to similarity and correlation of product design knowledge. The substances of conceptual hierarchy are introduced and their formal descriptions are given in the article. The third is to explore the specific calculation methods for semantic similarity and relevancy using the above theories and approaches. Finally, a model for design knowledge retrieval if proposed, and the tactics for knowledge retrieval and clustering are given.
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UDDIN, MOHAMMED NAZIM, TRONG HAI DUONG, KYEONG-JIN OH, JIN-GUK JUNG, and GEUN-SIK JO. "EXPERTS SEARCH AND RANK WITH SOCIAL NETWORK: AN ONTOLOGY-BASED APPROACH." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 23, no. 01 (February 2013): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194013400032.
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Experts finding, one of the most important tasks in social networks, is aimed at identifying individuals with relevant expertise or experience in a given topic. Several approaches have been proposed for finding experts in social networks from documents or web repositories. However, the semantic approach for modeling the information to find experts has not yet been explored. In this paper, we propose a novel method to index the academic information in an ontology-based model for finding and ranking the experts in a particular domain. Additionally, we propose an effective method to construct the academic social network by exploring the relations among the experts and measuring the score of each expert. The score of an expert is measured considering the contributions of relevant publications and relationships among other expert candidates. It is very efficient to find and ranking experts to take advantage of the millions of candidate experts being with relationships. An experiment conducted to evaluate our model shows that experts finding and ranking with an ontological approach integrated with the social network is more effective than other approaches.
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Bertolini, Simona. "Roman Ingarden: Phenomenology, Responsibility and the Ontological Foundations of Morality." Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica 20, no. 1 (May 25, 2019): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/maes.2019.1.04.
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Even if Roman Ingarden did not develop an ethics stricto sensu, and although his philosophy cannot be immediately associated with a “practical turn” in phenomenology, his investigation of the essence of the real world brought him to consider the nature of man and the ontological conditions of possibility of his morally oriented actions. Without expressing normative prescriptions, and maintaining his observations in the field of eidetic description, the author felt the need to provide a foundation for ethics, inasmuch as he strived to both highlight ethical phenomenon evidence in material ontology contexts, as well as demonstrate the structural presuppositions of this phenomenon within the context of formal ontology. It is exactly this priority of ontological investigation that represents one of the most original contributions of the Polish philosopher on practical topics. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the way in which such a particular phenomenologicalontological metaethics takes shape through the theses expressed in Ingarden’s articles on human nature and responsibility.
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Gildersleeve, Ryan Evely, and Brenda Jimenez Sifuentez. "Border U." Policy Futures in Education 19, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14782103211008578.
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In this paper, we take an ontological approach to examining the university as an object of activism. We speculatively theorize a Border University and a Border U. A Border University understands and explains academic policy and policy regimes as a bordering practice expressed through technologies that govern the flow and junctures of social movement. The Border U that we theorize centers the lives and contributions of Latinx (im)migrant communities. Border U emerges through activist opposition to the dominant Border University. In speculating Border University and Border U, we draw heavily upon Thomas Nail’s ontology of motion, theory of the border, and figure of the migrant. Recasting the university within an ontology of motion allows new possibilities for building anew a social institution that can tackle the persistent problems of the past, reconciling them in the present, and preparing for the future, as we try to illustrate in the case of Latinx (im)migrant communities in US higher education.
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Thayasivam, U., and P. Doshi. "Speeding Up Iterative Ontology Alignment using Block-Coordinate Descent." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 50 (August 25, 2014): 805–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4366.
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In domains such as biomedicine, ontologies are prominently utilized for annotating data. Consequently, aligning ontologies facilitates integrating data. Several algorithms exist for automatically aligning ontologies with diverse levels of performance. As alignment applications evolve and exhibit online run time constraints, performing the alignment in a reasonable amount of time without compromising the quality of the alignment is a crucial challenge. A large class of alignment algorithms is iterative and often consumes more time than others in delivering solutions of high quality. We present a novel and general approach for speeding up the multivariable optimization process utilized by these algorithms. Specifically, we use the technique of block-coordinate descent (BCD), which exploits the subdimensions of the alignment problem identified using a partitioning scheme. We integrate this approach into multiple well-known alignment algorithms and show that the enhanced algorithms generate similar or improved alignments in significantly less time on a comprehensive testbed of ontology pairs. Because BCD does not overly constrain how we partition or order the parts, we vary the partitioning and ordering schemes in order to empirically determine the best schemes for each of the selected algorithms. As biomedicine represents a key application domain for ontologies, we introduce a comprehensive biomedical ontology testbed for the community in order to evaluate alignment algorithms. Because biomedical ontologies tend to be large, default iterative techniques find it difficult to produce a good quality alignment within a reasonable amount of time. We align a significant number of ontology pairs from this testbed using BCD-enhanced algorithms. Our contributions represent an important step toward making a significant class of alignment techniques computationally feasible.