Dissertations / Theses on the topic '120201 Civil construction design'
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Westerhoff, Kevin M. (Kevin Matthew) 1978. "Construction based design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84827.
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Jones, Andrew M. "Design and construction for traditional house building." Thesis, Aston University, 1990. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14272/.
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This study is concerned with quality and productivity aspects of traditional house building. The research focuses on these issues by concentrating on the services and finishing stages of the building process. These are work stages which have not been fully investigated in previous productivity related studies. The primary objective of the research is to promote an integrated design and construction led approach to traditional house building based on an original concept of 'development cycles'. This process involves the following: site monitoring; the analysis of work operations; implementing design and construction changes founded on unique information collected during site monitoring; and subsequent re-monitoring to measure and assess Ihe effect of change. A volume house building firm has been involved in this applied research and has allowed access to its sites for production monitoring purposes. The firm also assisted in design detailing for a small group of 'experimental' production houses where various design and construction changes were implemented. Results from the collaborative research have shown certain quality and productivity improvements to be possible using this approach, albeit on a limited scale at this early experimental stage. The improvements have been possible because an improved activity sampling technique, developed for, and employed by the study, has been able to describe why many quality and productivity related problems occur during site building work. Experience derived from the research has shown the following attributes to be important: positive attitudes towards innovation; effective communication; careful planning and organisation; and good coordination and control at site level. These are all essential aspects of quality led management and determine to a large extent the overall success of this approach. Future work recommendations must include a more widespread use of innovative practices so that further design and construction modifications can be made. By doing this, productivity can be improved, cost savings made and better quality afforded.
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Wu, Berlin. "Geotechnical design and construction automation in Taiwan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41353.
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Fang, Rosemarie. "The design and construction of fabric structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51577.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-47).
In its short history, fabric structures have fascinated architects and engineers alike. Architects appreciate their unusual shapes and forms while engineers delight in their "pure" structural expression. Capable of spanning large distances while incurring very little weight on supporting structure, developments in the design of fabric structure can dramatically change the ways in which permanent building construction is conceptualized. This thesis reviews the most current methods for design and construction of fabric structures and focuses on how they can be improved for common application as permanent structures. In doing so, it begins with a brief history and explanation of the various types of fabric structure that have previously been built. Subsequent chapters address different limiting factors, including the development of fabric materials, computational analysis methods, and innovative construction techniques. Finally, a case study of the new Landside Airport Terminal project in Denver, Colorado is presented to illustrate a direct application of design and construction methods. Though fabric structures have come a long way since the first modern cable-net was built fifty years ago, there are still several challenges to be overcome before fabric can be considered a viable option for the majority of new building projects.
by Rosemarie Fang.
M.Eng.
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Yung, Keung-Shing. "Piling design and construction in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4257609X.
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Dicks, Evan Penner. "Scope Definition of Air Force Design and Construction Projects." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10246449.
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Industry practitioners and researchers recognize project scope definition as a factor of project success in terms of cost and schedule. The Construction Industry Institute developed the Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI) as a tool to aid in the effectiveness of scope development. The Air Force has adopted use of this tool, though has yet to validate its effectiveness empirically. The objective of this study is to provide that empirical validation by comparing the cost, schedule, and budget estimate performance metrics of Air Force military construction (MILCON) projects that used the PDRI against those that did not. Project data for 263 (100 PDRI and 163 non-PDRI) MILCON projects worth $3.9 Billion were analyzed. The projects that used the PDRI performed better on all three metrics, with statistically significant results on both cost and schedule growth. This study provides empirical evidence of how the use of formal scope definition tools can improve performance for Air Force MILCON projects. When compared to previous research, the study also contributes to a broader understanding of scope definition in the design and construction industry.
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Mezher, Jad F. (Jad Farid) 1978. "Evolution in the design and construction of stadiums." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29561.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-59).
Stadiums have carried through time, from ancient to modem, a common identity in the design concept, reflected through similarities in shape, structural elements, materials and methods of construction. The earliest design models appeared with the Greeks starting the eighth century B.C. and were improved by the Romans during the first four centuries A.D. The Colosseum, Roman's most acclaimed amphitheater is regarded as the mother of all modem stadiums, setting the rule for innovative design and construction. It generated the first stadium designs of the modem era and guided the evolution of their successors to the level of beauty and sophistication they actually reflect. This thesis presents the Colosseum as a case study for the identification and analysis of the major aspects of ancient stadiums design and construction methods following the model of Roman Engineering. Moving on towards the last two centuries, the Colosseum will be a guide to trace the evolution in the structural types of stadiums urged by the emergence of new construction materials and techniques in the flow of technological development.
by Jad F. Mezher.
M.Eng.
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Yung, Keung-Shing, and 翁強盛. "Piling design and construction in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4257609X.
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Bostanci, Sevket Can. "Low carbon sustainable concrete design and construction." Thesis, Kingston University, 2015. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/34545/.
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Yiu, Wai-kei Ricky. "Mini piles design and construction in current engineering practice." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3010757X.
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Kim, Haena. "Design and field construction of Hawkeye Bridge using ultra high performance concrete for accelerated bridge construction." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3117.
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The Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) consists of sand, cement, crushed quartz, silica fume, superplasticizer, water and steel fibers, with water-to cement (w/c) ratio of 0.24 or lower. By omitting coarse aggregates in the mix, density and mechanical homogeneity can be maximized. Also, adding steel fibers increases durability by producing exceptionally high compressive and tensile strengths. As a result, a bridge using UHPC can be designed slimmer and longer with less amount of steel reinforcements than a conventional concrete bridge. UHPC developed by Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (K-UHPC) was used to build a bridge, named “Hawkeye”, in Buchanan County, Iowa. This paper describes the design and construction process of the Hawkeye bridge which is the first bridge using K-UHPC in the United States. A unique pi-girder design, which is similar to the design previously developed at MIT, was adopted for the Hawkeye Bridge. The Hawkeye Bridge was successfully constructed using K-UHPC, utilizing local cement, sand and ready-mix trucks. Precast pi-girders were made at the Buchanan County, 17 miles (27 km) from the bridge site. A total of six girders were transported to the bridge site and installed in one day. This project not only demonstrated easy field constructability of K-UHPC but also set a great example of Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC), which would minimize a traffic disruption.
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Olayé, Ralph Ajéran 1975. "Sensitivity of infrastructure performance to initial design and construction standards." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43523.
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Long, Andrew M. "Design, Construction, and Evaluation of a Bioretention Cell in Marietta, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1523649318957701.
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Biranis, Osman F. (Osman Ferit). "Management of design and construction processes of the Boston Harbor project." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41339.
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Cichocka, Judyta M. (Judyta Maria). "INFRAME - design and construction of a sequentially erected elastic timber gridshell." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129869.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, September, February, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-81).
This thesis presents a design-oriented methodology for the design, optimization and construction of sequentially erected elastic timber gridshells. A multi-objective approach toward simultaneous optimization of the overall size and grid configurations is implemented to achieve maximum structural performance and minimize cost. The proposed methodology is applied to a 1:1 design of an open-air outdoor stage within the MIT campus. The design was certified compliant with the building regulations in the jurisdiction where it was constructed. The construction of the INFRAME pavilion brings a few insights towards the potential adaptation of bending-active systems to the building codes and presents a new application of temporary elastic timber gridshell structures for outdoor events.
by Judyta M. Cichocka.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
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Luk, Ka-sing. "Design and construction related defects of large diameter bored piles, prevention and remedial measures." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577652.
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Noguchi, Satoshi. "The development of an integrated information system for the design/construction industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11549.
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Leontiadis, Constantia 1980. "A study of the problems encountered when using design/build in construction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29563.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-50).
Design/build is a delivery method that has been used lately usually in large projects in order to complete a project in a shorter amount of time and with less money. These two advantages play a priority role for the owners who can start using their product earlier and with minimum cost and for the contractors who can deliver the product faster. However, owners and contractors might focus so much on these advantages that they may overlook the problems that might occur if this method is used. They get carried away with these two pros and end up using methods for projects that are not appropriate for design/build. The author of this thesis will attempt to identify the disadvantages and the problems that exist when this delivery method is used by comparing it to traditional delivery methods. Moreover, the author briefly talks about the criteria and requirements that need to be met by the professionals involved in the project when design/build is being utilized. This particular analysis answers the question on why is it that design/build does not work in all projects in Chapter 4. In order to understand these problems, a case study on the 1-15 Design/build project in Utah is done in Chapter 5. The purpose of the case study was to recognize the problems as they appeared in this project and to get an idea of what solutions were given in order to lead to a successful completion of the design/build project.
by Constantia Leontiadis.
M.Eng.
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Villa, Jacqueline. "Advancements in sustainable concrete practices and their potential impact on design and construction." Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1528241.
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Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world, and Portland Cement is the most commonly used cement in the industry. The manufacturing of materials is dependent on research and industry specification standards. This report focuses on current innovations in concrete developments, with a specific emphasis on Aluminosilicate or ‘geopolymer’ cements and their possible implications on the evolution of a sustainable architecture in the United States.
Aluminosilicate cements are currently being researched worldwide and have been implemented in various countries as a replacement for portland cement. It is one of many sustainable cement solutions, but unlike others, provides enhanced characteristics while remaining in the same price range as ordinary portland cement mixtures. This technology uses no limestone or water, thus eliminating the need for high amounts of energy use in the production of its initial ingredients.
Introducing new construction materials is challenging, especially to a well-established concrete industry such as that of the United States. Precast concrete offers an ideal medium for new concrete materials and their introduction into common practice due to the ability for tight controls. As more sustainable and durable materials are becoming available, construction processes can change and have the ability to affect the future evolution of architectural design. This report articulates these advancements and the importance of architectural involvement within the United States construction industry.
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Peña, Feniosky A. (Feniosky Avelhermi). "Design rationale for computer supported conflict mitigation during the design-construction process of large-scale civil engineering systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11633.
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Yiu, Wai-kei Ricky, and 姚偉基. "Mini piles design and construction in current engineering practice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894665.
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Souri, Ahmad F. "Post Construction Stormwater Best Management Practices: Exfiltration Trench: Performance and Design Assessment." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1336576509.
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Lee, Sang Hyun 1973. "Dynamic quality and change management for large scale concurrent design and construction projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85383.
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Luk, Ka-sing, and 陸家聲. "Design and construction related defects of large diameter bored piles,prevention and remedial measures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577652.
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Marx, William J. "Integrating design and manufacturing for the high speed civil transport." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12410.
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Deshpande, Abhijeet Sudhakar. "Best Practices for the Management of Design in Fast Track Industrial Projects." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242858452.
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Danatzko, Joseph M. "Sustainable Structural Design." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275406390.
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Stubbe, Frederico C. (Frederico Carlo) 1976. "Applicability of a platform-based approach to design and construction of new buildings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85749.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-116).
by Frederico C. Stubbe.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Keymer, Michael Andrew 1976. "Design strategies for new and renovation construction that increase the capacity of buildings to accommodate change." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9146.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 311-315).
An analytical framework is developed for examining the critical characteristics of design strategies for new and renovation construction that increase the capacity of buildings to accommodate change, and for selecting appropriate design strategies for particular projects. Unlike previous building studies, this research explicitly takes into account the interactions within and between building systems and subsystems that affect the capacity of the building to accommodate change. A sample of 37 unique design strategies is identified through interviews with construction industry professionals and a review of recent literature. All design strategies and data are empirically derived and have been used in one or more buildings throughout the world. The achievements of design strategies are compared to the needs of users, to identify strategies that successfully fulfill the building user's needs over time. These achievements and needs are consistently characterized in matrix form, accounting for types of changes expected, enhanced, or enabled, building systems affected, and timeframe of expected changes. Benefits of each design strategy are evaluated over the full life of a building. Strategies with common means of increasing systems' capacities to accommodate change are compared and contrasted. Several strategies are recommended for particular building types, and for three individual case study buildings. Application of the analytical framework provides new insight into the nature of changes needed in different types of facilities, and the variety and applicability of means to achieve those changes. A building designer or facility manager could use this framework to properly select one or more design strategies that would satisfy the needs set forth by an owner for a particular project.
by Michael Andrew Keymer.
S.M.
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Rohl, Peter Jurgen. "A multilevel decomposition procedure for the preliminary wing design of a high-speed civil transport aircraft." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11827.
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Vermeulen, Bernard. "The role of a design engineer in safety of building projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86355.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.One of the causes for money to be wasted on construction sites is accidents. The reason is that an accident on site is an unplanned event typically relating to the loss of production or the loss of life. Many industry stakeholders and role players have focused on construction health and safety and to improve this area of concern; however, construction health and safety are not significantly improving. Construction still continues to contribute a large number of fatalities and injuries relative to other industry sectors. During the construction phase, poor construction health and safety performance is attributable to a lack of management commitment, inadequate supervision, and a lack of health and safety training and - systems. Health and safety systems do not only include excellent health and safety management on site, but rather an integrated approach on health and safety issues from the conceptual design phase by all stakeholders participating. This integrated approach includes the design done by the engineer. The inspiration behind this research is the question of whether South African Engineers design buildings safe for construction. The lack of knowledge by engineers with regard to construction processes, the lack of health and safety enforcement in the engineering offices and construction sites, and whether engineers adhere to safe design principles is the subject of investigation in this research. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the role of the design engineer in the safety of building projects. Specifically, it investigates to what extent the design engineer can contribute to site safety, and to what extent this is actually taking place. The Construction Regulations states the engineer can be appointed to act on behalf of a client and should share any information that might affect the health and safety of construction employees with the contractor. By means of a literature study, the investigation of case studies and the investigation of questionnaires to which a percentage of South African engineers responded, this research identified the information that should be shared by the design engineer with the contractor. The information can be shared by indicating hazardous activities or - locations on the actual drawings. Information can also be shared by specifying and reminding the contractor of certain health and safety hazards in the health and safety specifications of the building project. Although the Construction Regulations state that the safety hazards associated with most construction processes are the responsibility of the contractor, it will be beneficial for the safety of the employees if the engineer also consults the contractor on the hazards identified by him or her during the early design stages. Early collaboration between the engineer and contractor is also beneficial for the safety of construction employees. The result is an integrated approach towards safety hazard identification and mitigation. Having adequate knowledge with regard to construction processes allows the engineer to be aware of possible safety hazards. This will result in the correct information to be shared with the contractor and incorporated into the early design phases of the project to ensure a healthy and safe working environment. The study shows that a percentage of South African engineers have a lack of site experience, a lack of safety training, a lack of knowledge with regard to the content of the Construction Regulations, and a lack of knowledge with regard to construction processes. These shortcomings can be detrimental to site safety.
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Van, der Klashorst Etienne. "The reliability based design of composite beams for the fire limit state." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/429.
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Willemse, G. E. (Grant Erin). "Object-oriented steel connection design framework." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50048.
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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Connections are a vitally important part of any structural framework. Thisstatement may seem obvious, yet it is surprisinghow often insufficient attention is given to the design of this essential aspect of steelwork projects. This thesis concentrates on developing a specification for designing steel connections with the main emphasis on the practical and economical design of typical connections. The design methods of the specification are developed according to the new South African design code which is currently in draft form, namely SANS10162:Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel: Part 1: Limit States Design of hot-rolled steelwork - 2002. An object-oriented framework and associated graphical user interface for designing the connections are developed and implemented. The primary objectives of the implemented framework are: • Being generic in the sensethat it allows for easy addition of additional connection types, • To implement the design paradigm of the South African code, without fixing specific parameter values programmatically in the implementation and • To build on an existing architecture that allows for structural analysis,structural steel member design and distributed collaboration in the design process.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verbindings vorm In uiters belangrike deel van enige staal struktuur. Alhoewel hierdie stelling dalk vanselfsprekend mag wees, is dit egter verbasend hoe selde voldoende aandag aan die ontwerp van hierdie essensiëleaspek van staalwerk projekte gegee word. Hierdie tesis konsentreer op die ontwikkeling van In spesifikasievir die ontwerp van staal verbindings met die oog op praktiese en ekonomiese ontwerp van tipiese verbindings. Hierdie ontwerpmetodes isgebasseer op die nuwe Suid Afrikaanse ontwerpkode wat tans in proef-vorm is, naamlik SANS 10162: Gebruikskode vir Stoa/bouwerk: Dee/I: Grenstoestandontwerp vir warmgewa/ste staa/werk - 2002. In Objek orienteerde raamwerk en In geassosieerde grafiese gebruikerskoppelvlak word ontwikkel en geimplimenteer. Die primêre mikpunte van hierdie geimplimenteerde raamwerk is: • Om generies te wees in die sin dat dit die byvoeging van addisionele verbinding tipes toelaat, • Om die paradigma van die Suid Afrikaanse kode te implimenteer sonder om enige waardes van spesifieke parameters programmaties vas te lê, en • Om dit op In bestaande argitektuur te bou wat strukturele analise, strukturele ontwerp en verspreide samewerking in die ontwerpproses toelaat.
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Sun, Momo T. (Momo Tianxiao). "Nervi's design and construction methods for two thin-shell structures : the Leverone Field House and Thompson Arena." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111511.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-54).
This thesis studies two major thin-shell concrete structures by Pier Luigi Nervi (1891- 1979) - the Leverone Field House and Thompson Arena. These two similar parabolic vaults are two of the few international structures he has completed in the United States. Situated across the street from each other at Dartmouth College, these two thin-shell concrete structures designed only a few years apart and in a such mature stage of Nervi's engineering career deserve a closer look. Access to Nervi's original calculations, specifications, and correspondences with Dartmouth College reveal a new level of refinement in his design methods and decisions. This study analyzes his structural design methods and compares them with approximated hand calculations assuming an asymmetric load on a 3-hinged parabolic arch. The maximum moment was calculated to be within 7% of Nervi's results. An arch was also explored by building a Finite Element (FE) model in SAP2000, however, the results proved the model to be an unreliable representation of the behavior of the funicular concrete arch. Furthermore, never before published construction photos give clues to the construction of the first structure built with the "Nervi System" in the United States. Slight changes were made to the construction method from his previous structures with the Nervi System in Rome. The types of different precast panels were reduced to increase repetition and refinement was made to the multi-step formwork system to reduce the amount of wooden formwork while keeping a high level of accuracy for the shape of the precast panels.
by Momo T. Sun.
M. Eng.
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Mostert, Louwrens Hubert. "Design and construction preferences for connections in the precast concrete industry of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96036.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Precast concrete has been used for decades in the construction industry, locally as well as internationally. Rapid urban development and the need for shorter construction periods for building and infrastructure projects have however encouraged more use of precast concrete construction. The improved speed of construction, high quality and less labour requirements that precast offers makes it an effective type of construction method for modern development. The utilization of various precast concrete systems has been frequently used in the international construction industry, making it a very popular construction method. It was however found that one of the major drawbacks or concerns with the use of precast concrete is the connections between the precast elements. In-situ construction does not have this problem, because it is designed to a monolithic structure or building. It was identified that if the connections in precast buildings or structures are designed or constructed in an insufficient way, it can lead to severe structural problems and even failure. This highlights the importance the design and construction of precast concrete connections have on the overall stability, strength and robustness of the structure. Precast concrete buildings are not merely separate precast elements, connected together to eventually form the same principals of in-situ construction. Precast concrete and connection design is considered to be a specialist field and requires the sufficient expertise and knowledge to understand the structural system and all its different aspects. The precast connection’s function is not merely to transfer loads, but also to develop continuity and ensure monolithic behaviour of the entire precast concrete structure (Englekirk 2003). The most important or desirable structural functions of precast connections are; (i) direct transfer of loads (load paths and flow or forces), (ii) develop structural continuity and integrity, (iii) distribution of concentrated loads, (iv) allow for movements and unintended restraints and lastly to (v) ensure efficient rigidity and robustness for the connection. It can be seen that there is many factors that contribute to the overall design and construction phases of precast concrete connections. The aim of this study is to identify and investigate aspects that influence the design and construction of precast concrete connections. This study will mainly focus on precast concrete and precast connection preferences of participants in the South African construction industry. During this study, industry participants (contractors and consultants) were asked to identify certain aspects and concerns associated with precast concrete and precast connection construction. These answers were used to develop guidelines and preferences that can be used by industry participants to improvise and effectively manage the precast construction, mainly focussing on the connections between the precast elements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voorafvervaardigde beton word al vir dekades gebruik in die konstruksiebedryf, plaaslik sowel as internasionaal. Vinnige stedelike ontwikkeling en die behoefte vir korter konstruksie tydperke vir die struktuur en infrastruktuur projekte het egter die gebruik en implementasie van voorafvervaardigde beton konstruksie laat toeneem. Die verbeterde spoed van die konstruksie proses, 'n hoë gehalte produk en minder arbeid vereistes wat voorafvervaardiging bied maak dit dus 'n effektiewe tipe konstruksie metode vir moderne ontwikkelings. Die benutting van verskeie voorafvervaardigde beton sisteme en elemente word reeds herhaaldelik gebruik in die internasionale konstruksiebedryf, wat dit vervolglik ʼn baie populêre en effektiewe sisteem maak. Dit is egter bevind dat een van die groot struikelblokke of probleme met die gebruik van voorafvervaardigde beton is die verbindings tussen die voorafvervaardigde elemente. In-situ beton konstruksie het dus nie hierdie probleem nie, want dit word ontwerp om 'n monolitiese beton struktuur of gebou te vorm. Dit was immers geïdentifiseer dat as die verbindings in ʼn voorafvervaardigde gebou of struktuur, ontwerp word deur ʼn ontoereikende manier, dit kan lei tot ernstige strukturele probleme en selfs strukturele faling. Dit beklemtoon dus die belangrikheid wat die ontwerp en konstruksie proses van voorafvervaardigde beton verbindings het op die algehele stabiliteit, sterkte en robuustheid van die struktuur. Voorafvervaardigde beton geboue en strukture kan nie slegs beskou word as aparte voorafvervaardigde elemente wat met mekaar verbind word om eventueel dieselfde beginsels van insitu konstruksie te vorm nie. Voorafvervaardigde beton en verbinding ontwerp word beskou as 'n spesialis veld en vereis dat die ontwerper die nodige kundigheid en kennis van die strukturele stelsel en al sy verskillende aspekte verstaan. Voorafvervaardigde beton verbindings se funksie is nie net om toegepaste kragte oor te dra nie, maar ook om strukturele kontinuïteit te ontwikkel en te verseker dat monolitiese gedrag gehandhaaf word vir die hele voorafvervaardigde beton struktuur (Englekirk 2003). Die mees belangrike strukturele funksies van voorafvervaardigde beton verbindings sluit die volgende in; (i) verseker direkte oordrag van toegepaste kragte (vloei van kragte), (ii) ontwikkeling van strukturele kontinuïteit en integriteit, (iii) die verspreiding van puntbelastings, (iv) moet voorsiening maak vir die bewegings in die voorafvervaardigde element en konneksie self en laastens (v) verskaf doeltreffende rigiditeit en robuustheid vir die konneksie sone. Dus kan daar afgelei word dat daar baie faktore is wat bydra tot die algehele ontwerp en konstruksie fases van voorafvervaardigde beton verbindings. Die doel van hierdie studie is om aspekte te identifiseer en te ondersoek wat die ontwerp en konstruksie van aspekte beton verbindings wel beïnvloed. Die studie sal hoofsaaklik fokus op voorafvervaardigde beton en verbindings voorkeure van persone in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiebedryf. Tydens die studie was persone in die industrie (kontrakteurs en konsultante) ook gevra om sekere aspekte en kwellings wat verband hou met voorafvervaardigde beton asook die verbindings te identifiseer. Die antwoorde wat verkry was uit die industrie deelnemers kan toepaslik gebruik om word riglyne en voorkeure op te stel wat vervolglik gebruik en toegepas kan word in die konstruksie bedryf van Suid Afrika. Die riglyne kan effektief gebruik word om voorafvervaardigde beton asook die verbindings te verbeter en persone in die konstruksie bedryf in te lig oor voorkeure en toepassings van hierdie metode.
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Mahjoub, Nina A. (Nina Azadeh). "Seismic design of a current woodframe structure and study of innovative products and damping systems in wood construction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39268.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-97).
Wood structures have seen resurgence in popularity over the past several decades, especially in Western States of America, such as California. The industry keeps creating new structural wood products of exceptional strength, versatility, and reliability. Woodframe structures offer a more sustainable answer, but need to be carefully detailed in high seismic zone. The objective of this work is to describe the seismic design of a current woodframe structure. Moreover, this thesis aims to present the innovation occurring in the market of wood construction. New engineered wood products are introduced as well as a review of the new developments and researches that are being made to incorporate damping systems such as viscoelastic and hysteretic dampers, in the ultimate goal of obtaining an optimum earthquake-resistant wood structure.
by Nina A. Mahjoub.
M.Eng.
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Kur, Anna Dominika. "Structural design of a steel footbridge." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14473.
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Mestrado em Engenharia CivilThis thesis presents the modeling and structural designing of a steel footbridge located in Poland. All work is based on the European Norms (Eurocodes, especially EN 1993 - Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures). This work includes the theoretical part, contains the definition of basic concepts, shows the types of pedestrian bridges and presents some of the most interesting examples of existing footbridges. It is presented the modeling and collection of loads acting on a footbridge. Static calculations were performed with the help of Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis 2011, using the finite element method. This design included the choice of cross-section of the dirernet structural elements and safety verification of the conections, among all others necessary design requirements. Summarizing, this study shows the structural design of the footbridge located in Lodz, Poland.
Esta tese apresenta a modelação e projecto estrutural de uma ponte pedonal de aço localizada na Polónia. Todo o trabalho é baseado nas normas europeias (Eurocódigos, especialmente a EN 1993 – Eurocódigo 3: Projeto de estruturas em aço). Este trabalho inclui a parte teórica, contém a definição de conceitos básicos, mostra tipos de pontes pedonais existentes e apresenta alguns dos exemplos mais interessantes. Apresenta-se a modelação e cálculo das cargas que atuam sobre uma ponte pedonal. Foram realizados aplicando o programa Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis 2011 cálculos estáticos, usando o método de elementos finitos. Este dimensionamento inclui a escolha de secção transversa dos diferentes elementos estruturais e verificação da segurança das ligações, entre todos os requisitos necessários para o projecto. Resumindo, este estudo mostra o projecto estrutural de uma ponte pedonal localizada em Lodz, na Polónia.
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Souza, Flávia Rodrigues de. "Implementação de modelo de gestão para empresas de projeto de edifícios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-20072009-145610/.
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Sendo o setor da construção civil caracterizado historicamente por períodos de oscilação de demanda produtiva, torna-se essencial às empresas que nele atuam a adequada flexibilidade proporcionada pelo preparo gerencial, visando a perenidade e atuação sustentada. Nesse contexto, as micro e pequenas empresas do setor são normalmente as mais vulneráveis aos períodos de baixa demanda produtiva, em especial as empresas de projeto, que são, em sua grande maioria, despreparadas gerencialmente, além de não serem estruturadas e organizadas estrategicamente para atuarem de forma pro-ativa. Diante desse quadro, Oliveira (2005) propôs um modelo de gestão específico para as empresas de projeto de edifícios com orientações para a gestão dos seus principais processos e funções. Objetivando a implementação do modelo citado, formaram-se dois grupos consecutivos compostos por empresas de projeto atuantes na cidade de São Paulo. Este trabalho foi denominado Programa de Desenvolvimento Gerencial para Empresas de Projeto, cuja finalidade era, através de pesquisa-ação, facilitar a implementação do modelo de gestão nas empresas de projeto através de atividades dirigidas, visando o desenvolvimento sustentado por meio do autoconhecimento de suas potencialidades e limitações, conduzindo-as à maturidade empresarial e, consequentemente, ao adequado preparo e flexibilidade necessários tanto para os períodos de recessão, quanto para os períodos de alta demanda produtiva setorial. Frente a esse panorama, desenvolveu-se a pesquisa referente à análise da aplicação do modelo de gestão para empresas de projeto sob dois enfoques: reação das empresas e resultados alcançados em função da implementação. Este trabalho objetiva, ainda, a partir da revisão bibliográfica e experiências vividas durante a implementação do modelo, propor recomendações para facilitar a aplicação dos conceitos de gestão contemplados pelo modelo.As the Brazilian Civil Construction sector has historically been characterized by periods of oscillation productive demand, the flexibility proposed by the management prepare is essential to the companies of the sector, viewing endurable and sustainable acting. In this context, civil construction micro companies are usually the most sensitive to the low productive demand periods, specially the design firms, since most of them are unprepared and, in addition, they are not strategically organized and structured to take preventive actions in their market. Due to this scenario, Oliveira (2005) proposed a design building firms management model which contains instructions to manage their essential processes and functions. Aiming to implement the above model, two successive work groups were formed, composed by design firms working for the São Paulo civil construction market . This work was named Design Firms Management Developing Program and it viewed, through action research, to facilitate the management model implementation in the design firms through dynamic activities aimed at sustained development by their own potentialities and knowledge limitation, conducting them to a business maturity and consequently to organize them to act in recession periods and also in high productive demand periods. In this context, this research was developed aiming to analyze the design firms reaction along the program and the results attained due to the management model implementation. Through the bibliographic review, this research views to propose recommendations to applicate the model management and its concepts.
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Gous, Werner. "Configurations of a piled row breakwater for a protected shallow water marina." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86710.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: For the safekeeping or harbouring of small craft, whether for leisure or commercial use, a tranquil basin is the principle requirement in designing a functional harbour facility. Waves transmitted through the perimeter structures of a marina result in agitation of the basin and thereby a reduction in tranquillity. Similarly, waves reflected off the perimeter structures that line entrance channels could result in difficulty when manoeuvring through the entrance channel water areas. An alternative to the conventional breakwater becomes a necessity when the conventional mass-filled or caisson breakwaters are not feasible in technical or financial terms. One of the alternative options could be to consider a piled row breakwater. In broad terms, this consists of closely spaced piles that attenuate wave energy whilst not forming an impermeable barrier, allowing for currents and sediment to pass through. When comparing the different options for creating a piled row breakwater the quantity of material used to achieve a desired level of wave dissipation could be the most important aspect in considering possible alternatives, as this would relate directly to construction costs and time when considering implementation. A literature review revealed multiple references to theories that predicted the transmitted and reflected waves for various breakwater porosities and wave conditions. However, there is limited coverage in literature enabling prospective designers. For example, literature describing the applicable ranges of shape configurations that one should start off with when developing concepts is not readily available. This thesis study used physical modelling to compare the wave transmission properties of breakwaters comprised of three different piled element shapes, namely round, square and diagonal square piles. The pile element shapes are compared for varying porosity values over a range of input wave parameters. A comparison of the transmission incurred by these configurations with previous work is presented and it was found that the physical model experiment closely simulated the predicted values. The tests were scaled from actual conditions in possible marina locations and therefore the performance criteria measured could be applied in reverse to potential site locations. From analysis of the physical model results, it was clear that the highest energy loss was found, in general, to occur with low porosities (below 10%), as could be expected. For a fixed screen configuration in terms of pile element shape and porosity, the performance is heavily dependent on wave steepness, the steeper waves incurring a lower transmission coefficient than the less steep waves. For a given porosity, circular piles performed the best (transmit the least) followed by square piles and then diagonal square. When comparing the material used, diagonal square piles yielded better performing breakwaters due to the expanded cross section gained in elevation. The work has provided useful insight into the performance of piled row breakwaters in restricting transmission of wave energy. Design guidance has been provided when considering the parameters for deriving conceptual layouts for piled row breakwater structures. Recommendations were put forward for further work in this field, including potential study areas, data gathering, and study methods, as well as more applied uses of piles, for example in combination with other elements in a marina.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: die veilige bewaring van klein vaartuie, hetsy vir ontspanning of kommersiële gebruik, is die hoofvereiste in die ontwerp van 'n funksionele hawe fasiliteit dat die beskermde hawegebied ‘n rustende water oppervlak sal moet handhaaf. Golwe wat oorgedra word deur die omtrek golfbrekers van ‘n hawe deur middel van transmissie veroorsaak oppervlak versteurings in die hawe bak en dus ook ongewensde versteurings in die vasmeer kondisies. Op ‘n soortgelyke wyse, veroorsaak golwe wat gereflekteer word vanaf die toegangs kanaal golfbrekers problematiese kondisies vir die navigeer van bote deur die kanaal. Die behoefte aan 'n golfbreker alternatief vir die konvensionele oplossing word genoodsaak wanneer die konvensionele stortrots of caisson golfbrekers nie haalbaar is nie as gevolg van tegniese of finansiële aspekte (Park et al. 2000). Een van die opsies wat oorweeg kan word as 'n alternatief is ‘n heipaal-ry tipe breekwater. In breë terme, bestaan dit uit naby gespasieërde heipale om golf energie te breek, sonder om ‘n ondeurdringbare versperring te vorm. Wanneer die verskillende opsies vir die skep van 'n heipaal-ry tipe breekwater vergelyk word, kan die hoeveelheid konstruksie materiaal benodig per opsie die belangrikste vergelykende parameter word. Die rede hiervoor is die direkte verwantskap aan konstruksie kostes sowel as tyd aspekte wat gepaardgaan met die konstruksie materiaal hoeveelhede. Vanuit die literatuurstudie is verskeie verwysings geïdentifiseer waarin vorige teorieë oor oordrag en refleksie van golwe evalueer word vir wisselende porositeit waardes en intree golf waardes. Daar is egter 'n beperkte dekking in die literatuur wat ontwerps-riglyne betref. Byvoorbeeld, die toepaslike omvang van die vorm konfigurasies wat oorweeg moet word wanneer konsep ontwerp gedoen word, is nie geredelik beskikbaar nie. Hierdie tesis vergelyk, deur middel van fisiese skaal model toetse, drie heipaal-ry element vorms, naamlik ronde, vierkantige en diagonal geroteerde vierkante vir verskillende porositeit waardes oor 'n verskeidenheid van golf inset parameters. 'n Vergelyking is getref tussen die toetsdata en vorige werk en daar is bevind dat die fisiese model eksperiment die voorspelde waades uit die literatuur redelik akkuraat kon naboots. Die toets kondisies is geskaal vanaf werklike moontlike marina terreine en dus kon die toets resultate toegepas word in die ontwerp van potensiële terreine. Vanuit die data-analise, is waargeneem dat die hoogste energie verliese oor die algemeen plaasvind by laer porosititeit waardes (onder 10%) soos wat verwag kon word. Vir 'n gegewe golfbreker opset, in terme van die heipaal element vorm en porositeit, is die verrigting hoogs afhanklik van die golf steilheid, met hoër verrigting by steiler golwe. Vir 'n gegewe porositeit, sal ronde heipaal elemente die beste verrigting gee, gevolg deur vierkante heipale en laastens diagonal geroteerde vierkante. Vir soortgelyke hoeveelheid heipale, sal diagonal geroteerde vierkante beter verrigting lewer moontlik as gevolg van die verlengde deursnit dimensie in vooraansig. Hierdie navorsing het goeie insig verskaf oor golfdeurlaatbaarheid en weerkaatsing van heipaalry breekwaters. Ontwerp riglyne word ook verskaf wat betref die parameters wat gebruik kan word vir die konsep ontwikkelings fase vir heipaal-ry breekwaters. Aanbevelings word gemaak vir verdere navorsingswerk in hierdie veld, insluitend moontlike studie-areas, data insameling, studie metodes, sowel as vir meer toegepasde situasies, byvoorbeeld waar die heipaal elemente in kombinasie met ander marina komponente ontwerp moet word.
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Jurgens, Christiaan Johannes. "An investigation into the feasibility of hybrid concrete construction in South Africa." Thesis, Link to the online verion, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/771.
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Spathelf, Christian Alexander. "Assessment of the behaviour factor for the seismic design of reinforced concrete structural walls according to SANS 10160 : part 4." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/2039.
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Van, Zyl Willem Sternberg. "Concrete wind turbine towers in Southern Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96021.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Exponential growth of the global wind turbine market has led to a significant increase in the capacity of wind turbine generators. Modern turbines require higher support structures as higher wind speeds combined with longer blades are necessary to increase their generating capacity. The standard 80-90 m tower is thus not economically viable anymore. Transportation logistics of large steel towers has led to concrete towers becoming a viable option. There are currently no design codes dealing exclusively with the design of concrete wind turbine towers. The aim of this project is to investigate and highlight important aspects of the design process of a normally reinforced high strength concrete wind turbine tower. The tower was designed using nonlinear finite element modelling as a design tool to accurately design the tower for various loads and load cases. An analytical design method was developed that can be used in the preliminary design stage. Finally, the importance of the soil-structure interaction was investigated through a sensitivity analysis. It was found that the formation of cracks greatly affected the stiffness of the structure and that the reduction in stiffness increased the deflection significantly. It was also found that a structure that has sufficient strength to resist the ULS loads may not necessarily comply with the maximum deflection limit for the SLS. The concrete strength class required was not only determined by the maximum compression stress the concrete would experience, but also by the stiffness required to ensure that the tower frequency is within the turbine’s working frequency. The dynamic behaviour of the tower was also affected by the formation of cracks. The fundamental frequency of the tower was reduced by 46% after the SLS loads were applied. It was found that the soil preparation for the foundation plays a vital role in ensuring that the tower frequency is not reduced to a level where it falls outside the turbine working frequency.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die eksponensiële groei van die globale wind turbine mark het gelei tot ʼn beduidende toename in die opwekkingskapasiteit van wind turbine kragopwekkers. Moderne turbines benodig hoër ondersteuningstrukture om hulle opwekkingskapasiteit te verhoog en daarom is die standaard 80-90 m toring nie meer geskik nie. Die vervoer logistiek van groot staal torings het daartoe gelei dat beton torings ʼn lewensvatbare opsie geword het. Daar is huidiglik geen ontwerpkodes wat uitsluitlik handel met die ontwerp van beton wind turbine torings nie. Die doel van hierdie projek is om die ontwerp proses van ʼn bewapende hoë sterkte beton wind turbine toring te ondersoek en belangrike aspekte uit te lig. Die toring word ontwerp deur ʼn nie-liniêre eindige element model te gebruik as ʼn ontwerp hulpmiddel, om die toring akkuraat te ontwerp vir verskeie laste en lasgevalle. ʼn Analitiese ontwerpmetode is ontwikkel wat gebruik kan word in die voorlopige ontwerpfase. Laastens is die grond-struktuur interaksie ondersoek deur ʼn sensitiwiteitsanalise. Daar is gevind dat die vorming van krake die styfheid van die struktuur aansienlik beïnvloed en dat die vermindering in styfheid die defleksie beduidend vermeerder. Daar is ook gevind dat ʼn struktuur wat voldoende sterkte het om die uiterste lastoestande te weerstaan, nie noodwendig voldoen aan die maksimum defleksiegrens vir die diens lastoestande nie. Die beton sterkte klas wat benodig is, is nie net bepaal deur die maksimum druk spanning wat die beton sal ondervind nie, maar ook deur die styfheid wat vereis word om te verseker dat die toring se frekwensie binne die turbine se werksfrekwensie val. Die dinamiese gedrag van die toring is ook beïnvloed deur die vorming van krake. Die fundamentele frekwensie van die toring is verlaag met 46% nadat die diens lastoestande toegepas is. Daar is gevind dat die grond voorbereiding vir die fondasie ʼn belangrike rol speel om te verseker dat die toring se frekwensie nie verlaag word tot ʼn vlak waar dit buite die turbine se werksfrekwensie val nie.
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Goosen, Alberto. "Structural capacity of freestanding glass balustrades." Thesis, Link to online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/388.
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Liu, Qiang. "Structural analysis and design of cold formed steel sigma purlins." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3364/.
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Cold formed steel (CFS) sigma sections are commonly used as purlins in the construction of modern industrial and residential buildings due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio. This thesis reports investigations on the structural behaviour of CFS sigma purlins in three different parts of modern roof systems. In the first investigation, the pre-buckling, buckling, post-buckling and post-failure behaviour of continuous CFS sigma purlins near internal supports was studied by experimental and numerical methods. In the second investigation, the moment-rotation response as well as the moment resistance of the sleeve connection of sigma purlins was studied by laboratory tests. Engineering models were developed to predict the behaviour of this connection and a good correlation was observed with the experimental data. In the third investigation, the flexural stiffness and moment resistance of CFS sigma purlins fastened to roof sheeting with large screw spacing was studied experimentally. The purlin-sheeting assemblies were subjected to both downward and uplift loadings, from which different behavioural aspects such as flexural stiffness, failure modes and ultimate load were examined. Test results are utilized to develop design proposals for sigma purlins that codes or standards have not yet covered.
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Aldossary, Naief. "Domestic sustainable and low energy design in hot climatic regions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/70748/.
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Low energy building methods, and the corresponding economic and environmental aspects, are an important area of consideration in many developed countries. Saudi Arabia characterized by its hot climates and geographical location in a global region renowned for its high energy consumption and carbon emission rates. Consequently, this research aims to foster the development of low energy housing in Saudi Arabia and establish a low carbon domestic design framework for Saudi Arabia that takes into account the local climatic conditions, context and socio-cultural challenges. In order to fulfil the above stated aims, this research establishes a definition system for low energy consumption in kWh/m² for the Saudi Arabian climate. To achieve the aims stated above, a comprehensive, four stage study has been performed. This investigation has attempted to: (a) identify factors resulting in high energy consumption in domestic buildings in Saudi Arabia; (b) identify the weaknesses of housing design in terms of architectural layouts and mass, house envelope design and construction materials used, and on-site renewable energy strategies; (c) establish and develop a low carbon domestic design framework that supports architects, civil engineers and building professionals in the design of sustainable homes for the Saudi Arabian climate, context and cultural requirements; and (d) propose three different, viable housing prototypes employing the established framework, thereby validating that framework through the identification of their energy consumption levels. Each stage of this research utilizes a specific methodology: public survey analysis; site visits and modeling analysis; expert consultation, using the Delphi technique approach; and the validation analysis approach. This study contributes to the body of knowledge within this field by offering a low carbon domestic framework for the design of low energy homes in Saudi Arabia. These findings are broadly applicable to other regions with similar climatic conditions and cultural requirements, such as those in the Middle East and GCC countries. The findings suggest that an energy reduction of up to 71.6 % is possible. Therefore, the system for low energy consumption level standards is suggested as a range between 77 kWh/m² and 98 kWh/m². The comprehensive economic and environmental benefits of these reductions have been analysed and benchmarked against the current situation in selected developed countries.
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Ng'anjo, Peter. "Research into the properties of lateritic gravels and their impact on pavement design." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51897.
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Thesis (M.Ing.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Laterites are used extensively in the tropics as road building materials in unbound base, sub-base layers and in surface layers. However, most base course specifications usually require the provision of crushed and graded stone or stabilized base and often exclude the general use of as-dug laterites or other naturally occurring gravels. Various field studies in the past have clearly indicated that many lateritic gravel deposits can be used successfully as base course materials in roads carrying low to medium traffic without incurring additional maintenance costs and with considerable cost savings in pavement construction rehabilitation. Further research is needed for the more precise definition of the relationship between laterite characteristics, traffic loading, environment, and pavement performance. In this study, extensive use was made of static and cyclic triaxial testing to investigate the fundamental behaviour of a lateritic gravel material. The tests produce information for characterizing the shear strength, stress-strain properties and behaviour under repeated loading. The gravel was sourced from stockpile at Malans Transport borrow pit at Maaitjies Kuil near Cape Town. Testing was conducted on the material both as granular material and stabilized with cement and foamed bitumen. Testing was done under various conditions of stress, moisture and compaction. The resilient modulus of the lateritic gravel was found to be affected by moisture and compaction apart from the stress condition. Well known models were used to characterize the stressdependent resilient modulus. A model for prediction of permanent deformation was developed which together with the resilient modulus model were applied to the design of a light pavement structure composed of lateritic gravel base.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lateriete word wydverspreid gebruik in die trope as 'n padbou materiaal. Die materiaal word gebruik in ongebonde kroonlae, stutlae en oppervlaklae. Die meeste spesifikasies vir kroonlae vereis dat gegradeerde gebreekte klip of gestabiliseerde materiaal in die kroonlaag gebruik word. Die spesifikasies maak nie voorsiening vir lateriet en gruis wat natuurlik voorkom nie. Verskeie veldstudies in die verlede het duidelik getoon dat lateritiese materiaal met sukses gebruik kan word in die kroonlae van paaie wat ligte tot medium verkeer dra. Lateriete kan gebruik word sonder addidionele onkoste vir instandhouding en daar is merkbare kostebesparings wanneer plaveisels rehabiliteer word. Die verhouding tussen lateriet eienskappe, verkeerslas, omgewingsinvloede en plaveisel werkverrigting moet beter gedefinieer word deur verdere navorsing. In hierdie studie is omvattend gebruik gemaak van eenmalige en herhaalde belasting drie-assige toetse om die fundamentele gedrag van lateritiese materiaal te definieer. Hierdie toetse se resultate lewer inligting oor die skuifsterkte, spanning-vervorming eienskappe en gedrag onder herhaalde belasting. Die gruis wat gebruik is, is verkry vanaf 'n materiaalopslag by die leengroef van Malans Transport te Maaitjies Kuil naby Kaapstad. Die materiaal is getoets as granulêre materiaal en gestabiliseer met sement en skuim-bitumen. Die toetse is gedoen onder verskillende toestande van spanning, voginhoud en verdigting. Daar is bevind dat die veerkragtigheidmodulus van die lateritiese gruis nie net deur die aangewende spanning beïnvloed word nie, maar ook deur die voginhoud en verdigting van die materiaal. Welbekende modelle is gebruik om die spanningsafhanklike gedrag van die materiaal te karakteriseer. 'n Model is ook ontwikkel om die permanente vervorming van die materiaal te voorspel. Die twee modelle vir die veerkragtigheidsmodulus en permanente vervorming is gebruik om 'n ligte plaveiselstruktuur mee te ontwerp wat 'n lateritiese kroonlaag bevat.
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Ferreira, Fernanda Maria Pinto Freitas Ramos. "Modelo de integração entre o projeto executivo e o planejamento operacional em empreendimentos de edificações comerciais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-21082009-124551/.
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Esta pesquisa apresenta um modelo de integração entre o projeto executivo e o planejamento operacional de empreendimentos comerciais, aplicado em 8 empresas (2 construtoras, 1 incorporadora, 3 consultorias de gerenciamentos de projetos, 1 empreiteiro e 1 empresa de projetos). A contribuição do modelo beneficia o processo de integração em 6 processos do planejamento de um projeto, a saber: (a) na criação da EAP (estrutura analítica do projeto); (b) na definição de atividade; (c) no seqüenciamento de atividades; (d) na estimativa de recursos da atividade; (e) na estimativa de duração da atividade e (f) no desenvolvimento do cronograma. Entre as principais conclusões, percebemos que a aplicação do modelo é possível pelo aumento da rapidez na preparação do cronograma do projeto e na simulação de tomada de decisões operacionais, mas desde que às empresas do setor consolidem as práticas de coordenar, projetar e gerenciar de forma simultânea e consistente; criando seu próprio banco de dados de tecnologias construtivas, integrado aos sistemas informatizados de projetos e de gerenciamento.This research presents an integration model between the design and the operational planning of commercial enterprises, applied in 8 companies (2 builders, 1 company of incorporation, 3 consultancies of project management, 1 contractor and 1 company of projects). The contribution of the model benefits the integration in 6 processes of the planning of an enterprise, to know: (a) create WBS (work breakdown structure); (b) activity definition; (c) activity sequencing; (d) activity resource estimating; (e) activity duration estimating and (f) schedule development. Among the main conclusions, we noticed that the application of the model is possible for the increase of the speed in the preparation of the shedule of the enterprise and in the simulation of operational decisions, but since to the companies of the section consolidate the practices of coordinating, to design and to manage in a simultaneous and solid way; creating the own database of constructive technologies, integrated into the computerized systems of design and of management.
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Lee, Sang Hyun 1973. "Dynamic Planning and control Methodology : understanding and managing iterative error and change cycles in large-scale concurrent design and construction projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34672.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (v. 1, leaves 174-180).
Construction projects are uncertain and complex in nature. One of the major driving forces that may account for these characteristics is iterative cycles caused by errors and changes. Errors and changes worsen project performance and consequently, cause schedule and cost overruns to be prevalent. In particular, these iterative cycles are more detrimental when large-scale concurrent design and construction is applied. In an effort to address these issues, this research proposes Dynamic Planning and control Methodology (DPM) as a robust design and construction planning methodology for large-scale concurrent design and construction. The proposed DPM is composed of: 1) an error and change management framework that enables understanding of the construction processes associated with errors and changes and how they affect construction performance; 2) a proactive buffering strategy for reducing sensitivity to iterative error and changes cycles; 3) a System Dynamics-based construction project model which provides policy guidelines for the planning and control of projects; and
(cont.) 4) a web-based error and change management system, which supports coordination of errors and changes among contractors and design professionals without hardware and software compatibility issues. Applying all research components into a couple of real world case projects, this research concludes that a concurrently developed project can benefit by: 1) adding realism to planning taking into account iterative error and change cycles; 2) implementing a proactive mechanism to look and act ahead against uncertainties; 3) making appropriate policies with the help of the system dynamics-based simulation model; and 4) facilitating coordination from the IT-supported management system; even if the time frame of a project is shortened. Also, future research opportunities are discussed extending the findings from this research.
by SangHyun Lee.
Ph.D.
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Bothma, Jacques. "The structural use of synthetic fibres : thickness design of concrete slabs on grade." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85877.
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Thesis (MScEng)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Concrete is used in most of the modern day infrastructure. It is a building material for which there exist various design codes and guidelines for its use and construction. It is strong in compression, but lacks tensile strength in its fresh and hardened states and, when unreinforced, fails in a brittle manner. The structural use of synthetic fibres in concrete is investigated in this study to determine its effect on enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete. Slabs on grade are used as the application for which the concrete is tested. The material behaviour is investigated in parallel with two floor design theories. These are the Westegaard theory and the Yield-Line theory. The Westegaard theory uses elastic theory to calculate floor thicknesses while the Yield-Line theory includes plastic behaviour. Conceptual designs are performed with the two theories and material parameters are determined from flexural tests conducted on synthetic fibre reinforced concrete (SynFRC) specimens. Large scale slab tests are performed to verify design values from the two theories. Higher loads till first-crack were measured during tests with concrete slabs reinforced with polypropylene fibres than for unreinforced concrete. It is found that the use of synthetic fibres in concrete increases the post-crack ductility of the material. The Westegaard theory is conservative in its design approach by over-estimating design thicknesses. This was concluded as unreinforced slabs reached higher failure loads than predicted by this theory. The Yield-Line theory predicts design thicknesses more accurately while still accounting for the requirements set by the ultimate- and serviceability limit states. By using SynFRC in combination with the Yield-Line theory as design method, thinner floor slabs can be obtained than with the Westegaard theory.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beton word gebruik as boumateriaal in meeste hedendaagse infrastruktuur. Daar bestaan verskeie ontwerp kodes en riglyne vir die gebruik en oprig van beton strukture. Alhoewel beton sterk in kompressie is, het beton ‘n swak treksterkte in beide die vars- en harde fases en faal dit in ‘n bros manier indien onbewapen. Die gebruik van sintetiese vesels in beton word in hierdie projek ondersoek om die invloed daarvan op die eienskappe van die meganiesegedrag van beton te bepaal. Grond geondersteunde vloere word as toepassing gebruik. Parallel met die materiaalgedrag wat ondersoek word, word twee ontwerpsteorieë ook ondersoek. Dit is die teorie van Westegaard en die Swig-Lyn teorie. Die teorie van Westegaard gebruik elastiese teorie in ontwerpsberekeninge terwyl die Swig-Lyn teorie ‘n plastiese analise gebruik. ‘n Konseptuele vloerontwerp is gedoen deur beide die ontwerpsmetodes te gebruik. Materiaalparameters is bepaal deur buig-toetse uit te voer op sintetiesevesel-bewapende beton. Grootskaalse betonblaaie is gegiet en getoets om die akkuraatheid van die twee metodes te verifieer. Die betonblaaie wat bewapen was met polipropileen vesels het groter laste gedra tot by faling as die blaaie wat nie bewapen was nie. Die vesels verbeter die gedrag van beton in die plastiese gebied van materiaalgedrag deurdat laste ondersteun word nadat die beton alreeds gekraak het. Die Westegaard teorie kan as konserwatief beskou word deurdat dit vloerdiktes oorskat. Hierdie stelling is gegrond op eksperimentele data wat bewys dat onbewapende betonblaaie groter laste kan dra as wat voorspel word deur die Westegaard teorie. Die Swig-Lyn teorie voorspel ontwerpsdiktes meer akkuraat terwyl daar steeds aan die vereistes van swigting en diensbaarheid voldoen word. Deur gebruik te maak van sintetiese vesels en die Swig-Lyn teorie kan dunner betonblaaie ontwerp word as met die Westegaard teorie.
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Saussus, Denis. "Probabilistic distributions of ultimate axial pile resistance derived from propagation of epistemic and aleatory material and model uncertainties." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32819.
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