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1
Guyomarch, Alain. "Policing by consent in the 1980s : national initiatives and local adaptation in Sussex." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1169/.
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This thesis analyses "policing by consent" as an ideal of legitimate and effective public service provision, and the influence of that ideal on policymaking to reform policing methods, structures and powers in Britain during the 1980s. It considers the relevance of "policing by consent" both to the processes of policy initiation and adoption at the national level and to the practices of policy implementation at the local level in one rural provincial police force. The thesis explains the incoherent nature of the reforms adopted and the conflicting goals of the various participants in the policy debates. The ambiguity of the concept of "policing by consent" allowed different objectives to be pursued behind a discourse common to most of the participants. Improving the public's estimation of the police service was only one goal of the policy makers; increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the 43 police forces of England and Wales was an equally important objective. The thesis explores and explains the non-coincidence of the aims and preoccupations of the national policy-makers with those of many of the police officers responsible for implementing the reforms on the ground. By analysing how police officers in a non-crisis area, a rural county, react to and interpret both the reforms and the discourse about "policing by consent", this thesis extends and complements existing studies of public opinion and police attitudes in problem urban areas. If those officers feel less isolated than their urban colleagues they nonetheless resent both the imposition of policies irrelevant to their local circumstances and their own loss of self-esteem because of association with the negative public image of an increasingly "nationalised" police service.
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Boylan, Patrick. "Dynamics of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) population of the River Foyle, Ireland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1169/.
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This study examines the dynamics of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) population of the Foyle catchment in Ireland, through the analysis of long-term datasets and extensive field data. In chapter 1 the current conservation status of the salmon is discussed with particular reference to the Foyle. Chapter 2 considers the interaction between commercial netting and recreational sport angling and the effect of total combined exploitation on an independent measure of population size (redd counts) using a 49 year dataset. The evidence suggests that year class strength is the principal modulator of variation in commercial catches, sport angling catches and spawning escapement. Chapter 3 examines the role of density-dependence in the Foyle salmon population. A Ricker density-dependent model showed that spawning adult population size significantly predicted variation in the resultant filial generation; however, a significant amount of variation (ca. 68%) remained unexplained. Environmental factors were significant in explaining some of the remaining variance and these influences were linked to specific life stages. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of marine climatic conditions in the North Atlantic on the abundance of returning migrant Atlantic salmon, using a 126 year dataset of commercial catches and an index of climate in the northern hemisphere, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAOI). The NAOI when below 0.151 explained a significant proportion of variation in five year running mean catches of migrant Atlantic salmon returning to the River Foyle. This indicates that a significant proportion of the variance in population size in the past was the result of variability in conditions in the marine environment. However, when the NAOI was above 0.151 this relationship uncoupled. Chapter 5 tests the capacity of local instream and broadscale catchment characteristics to predict 0+ salmon abundance within the Foyle area. This chapter also highlighted the potential detrimental impact of increasing urbanisation on the salmon stocks of the Foyle area.
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Daw, Rebecca. "Personal qualities of the clinical psychologist." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1169/.
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The person within the Clinical Psychologist is not often addressed in Clinical Psychology. The aim of this study as a whole was to consider the person who practices as a therapist and question why as a whole the profession does not acknowledge the more personable aspects of the profession. The literature review (chapter one) looked at the development of Clinical Psychology in the United Kingdom. It illustrated how economic trends and the predominance of the medical model have affected Clinical Psychology practice and training in this country. The review suggests that the more personable aspects of therapy and empirical research are not given their due credence because of the overarching arm of the medical model and it's "specificity" mentality. The first study (chapter two) looked at psychological mindedness (PM) in therapists; something deemed to be almost inherent in this population. The study aimed to gain empirical evidence that PM is associated with adaptive therapist attributes. Correlational analysis revealed significant positive associations between PM and clinician empathy, self understanding and the therapeutic relationship. The second study (chapter three) was concerned specifically with personal therapy in qualified therapists. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of responses to questionnaires revealed personal and professional benefits of engaging in personal therapy. The study also hypothesised that the small response rate evident in this study highlighted the long standing reluctance of psychotherapists in this country to discuss personal experiences of therapy, a concern and matter for further research. Finally the research review (chapter four) considers how I now value the people as paramount in the therapy room rather than the diagnosis. The process which facilitated this change in me is documented and reflected upon.
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Khuwaileh, Abdullah Aied. "English language teaching in higher education in Jordan : needs analysis and syllabus design for English for science and technology." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1169/.
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Loucaides, George N. "The effects of Omega-3, Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and Vitamin E on patients with the remitting-relapsing (RR) form of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in Cyprus." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2016. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1169/.
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Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and demyelinating multifactorial disease that results from the interplay between environmental factors and a susceptible genetic background. Omega (ω)-3/ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and some vitamins have been shown to reduce the number and severity of relapses and the overall progression of disability in multiple sclerosis patients, however clinical trials remain inconclusive due to a plethora of reasons. In this randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trial aiming to provide concrete conclusions for the role of PUFAs and vitamins A and E (both gamma (γ) and alpha (α)) in multiple sclerosis. By measuring the incorporation and changes of the lipid composition in red blood cell (RBC) membranes before and after the dietary intervention, and by correlating the efficacy of the different interventions with disease progression, it was shown that supplementation with these specific molecules (that can either act on their own or synergistically) could probably cause the decrease of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) from the RBC membranes and the subsequent substitution by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These events parallel the clinical observations where this can be correlated with the increased number of relapse activity occurring in the first six months of treatment and later with a prolonged period of remission. Supplementation with the mixture of PUFAs (both ω3 and ω6), vitamin E as gamma tocopherol significantly reduced the annualised relapse rate (ARR) and the risk of sustained disability progression without any reported serious adverse events.
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Varanelli, Francesco. "Sistemi per il pagamento online." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1169/.
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Puangmali, Theerapong. "Electronic and optical properties of InAs nanocrystals." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1169/.
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An atomistic pseudopotential method is used to investigate the electronic and opti- cal properties of spherical InAs nanocrystals. Our calculated interband (valence-to- conduction) absorption spectra reproduce the features observed experimentally both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results relative to intraband (valence-to-valence and conduction-to-conduction) absorption successfully reproduce the recently measured photoinduced absorption spectra, which had so far been addressed only qualitatively. They exclude the hypothesis of a thermal activation process between dot-interior delocalised hole states to explain the temperature dependence observed experimentally. Furthermore, based on the agreement of our data with the experimental valence inter- sublevel transitions and the almost complete overlap of the latter with STM measure- ments, we question the simplistic attribution of the observed STM peaks obtained for negative bias. Motivated by the excellent agreement of our calculated results with the STM, PLE and PIA spectra, we therefore extend our knowledge to a detailed theoretical investigation of the electronic structure and optical properties of InAs nanocrystals at the transition from spheres to rods. We predict that despite the qualitative similarity of both intra- and inter-band optical spectra, for NCs with R > 15 ̊A even slight elongations should result in shifts of the order of hundreds of meV in the spacings between STM peaks measured ii Abstract iii in the positive bias regime, in the position of the intra-band absorption peaks associated with transitions in the conduction band and in the separation between the first and the fifth peak in PLE experiments. Our results suggest that, based on the spectroscopic data, it should be possible to discriminate between spherical and elongated NCs with aspect ratios of length over diameter as small as 1.2. Indeed our results suggest that many nominally spherical experimental samples contained a large fraction of slightly elongated structures. Additionally, the atomistic pseudopotential approach is also applied to a study of the electronic and optical properties of InAs quantum rods as a function of increasing length- to-diameter ratio. We show that, as the aspect ratio increases, energy levels cross in both conduction and valence bands, reflecting their different dependence on confinement along a specific direction. Unlike in CdSe and InP quantum rods, however, the position of the crossover between highest occupied molecular orbitals with different symmetries is found to be size-dependent and the value of the aspect ratio at the crossing to increase with the rod diameter. We find that the level crossings at the top of the valence band are crucial to explain the evolution with elongation of all optical properties in these systems. Their transformation from 0- to quasi-1-dimensional structures is characterised by a common monotonic behaviour of band gap, Stokes shift, degree of linear polarisation and radiative lifetime, closely linked to the variation with aspect ratio of the electronic structure of the nanocrystal valence band edge. This characteristic feature was not observed in elongated CdSe structures, whose optical properties exhibited instead a distinctive non-monotonic evolution with length, with a turning point associated with a crossover at the top of the valence band, similar to that found here between states with σ and π symmetries.
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Accorsi, Antonio <1967>. "Nuovi assetti normativi in tema di igiene degli alimenti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1169/.
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黃珮玉 and Pui-yuk Wong. "The life and works of Zhang Xiaoxiang, 1132-1169." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3123284X.
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Pryke, James Stephen. "Source and identity of insect contaminants in export consignments of table grapes." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1169.
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Frías, Sanchez Mercè de. "Regulació de la xarxa PKC/PI3K/Akt: Possible diana terapèutica per la leucèmia limfocítica crònica de cèl·lules B." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1169.
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Les cèl·lules de leucèmia limfocítica crònica (LLC) en sang perifèrica presenten una resistència anòmala a la inducció d'apoptosi, i reben senyals del microentorn cel·lular que afavoreixen la seva supervivència. En un gran percentatge de malalts no s'aconsegueix controlar la malaltia amb les teràpies convencionals, i en molts altres apareixen recaigudes i resistències al tractament, sobretot degudes a alteracions en la via de p53. A més, la majoria de tractaments no són selectius per les cèl·lules tumorals, provocant problemes d'immunosupressió. Per tant, és necessari identificar nous agents amb toxicitat selectiva per les cèl·lules B malignes, que utilitzin mecanismes d'acció diferents als coneguts i que sobrepassin la via de p53.En aquesta tesi doctoral ens vam plantejar estudiar una de les vies de supervivència més alterades en càncer, i que ja havia demostrat que jugava un paper en la supervivència de les cèl·lules de LLC. Així, l'objectiu d'aquesta tesi ha estat caracteritzar la xarxa de PKC/PI3K/Akt, i els efectes de la seva inhibició en les cèl·lules de LLC.
En primer lloc, hem comprovat que existeixen dues vies de senyalització convergents en les cèl·lules de LLC. La primera, dependent de PI3K, present de manera basal en les cèl·lules de LLC i activada per factors de supervivència com la IL-4 i el SDF-1alfa; i una segona, dependent de PKC, també present de manera basal en les cèl·lules de LLC i activada per PMA. En aquesta via, PKCbeta juga un paper important en la fosforilació i activació d'Akt.
Hem comprovat com la inhibició de la via, amb inhibidors generals de PKC (Bis I), de PI3K, generals (LY294002 i wortmanina) o selectius de les isoformes de classe I, o d'Akt (Akti-1/2 i A-443654), indueix apoptosi en les cèl·lules de LLC. Aquesta inducció de mort cel·lular es dóna inclús en presència de senyals de supervivència (IL-4, SDF-1alfa, PMA) i en pacients amb delecions 17p o mutacions en p53. Això confirma que aquesta via juga un paper clau en la supervivència de les cèl·lules leucèmiques de LLC.
A més, les cèl·lules B de LLC són més sensibles a la inhibició d'aquesta via que les cèl·lules T normals, i en alguns casos, inclús que les cèl·lules B normals (com en el cas del tractament amb Akt1-1/2). Aquesta "addició oncogènica" de les cèl·lules tumorals a la via de PI3K/Akt, ja s'ha descrit en altres càncers, on s'ha demostrat que les teràpies contra PI3K/Akt indueixen més mort cel·lular en les cèl·lules amb més activitat de la via, com són les cèl·lules tumorals. Així, una vegada més, comprovem que la via d'Akt és d'especial importància per aquestes cèl·lules leucèmiques, i que la seva inhibició és d'especial interès per aconseguir noves teràpies més selectives, que evitin els efectes secundaris immunosupressors.
En conjunt, els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi doctoral aporten nous coneixements sobre les vies de supervivència i d'inducció d'apoptosi de les cèl·lules de LLC, i demostren que la inhibició de la via PKC/PI3K/Akt és una prometedora via d'intervenció terapèutica pel tractament de la LLC.
CLL cells from peripheral blood receive signals from the microenvironment that supports their survival and present an anomalous resistance to the induction of apoptosis. One of the survival pathways that have been described to contribute to CLL cells survival is PKC/PI3K/Akt pathway. A high number of patients are resistant to the current therapies, and most of the treatments are not selective for tumoral cells. Thus, new compounds with a different mechanism of action are needed.
The main goal of this thesis has been to characterize the PKC/PI3K/Akt pathway, and the effects of its inhibition in CLL cells.
First, we proved that CLL cells have two convergent signal transduction pathways to phosphorylate and activate Akt. The first pathway is PI3K-dependent and corresponds to the classical PI3K-Akt pathway described in most models. The second pathway depends on PKCβ, is independent of PI3K, and contributes to the basal-constitutive Akt activity present in B-CLL cells. By using general and specific PKC, PI3K and Akt inhibitors we confirmed that the inhibition of this pathway induces apoptosis in CLL cells. This apoptosis is observed even in the presence of survival pathways and in patients with alterations in p53. We found that B cells from CLL samples were more sensitive to the inhibition of this pathway than T cells from CLL samples, and B or T cells from healthy donors. Most of the current drugs induce apoptosis equally in both B and T cells, leading to immunosuppression. Thus, the differential effect of these inhibitors in B and T lymphocytes is of interest.
In conclusion, the results presented in this thesis contribute to increase the knowledge on the survival pathways and the regulation of apoptosis in CLL cells, and suggest that inhibition of PKC/PI3K/Akt might be a new therapeutic option for CLL therapy.
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Williams, Kirsten Laurene. "The relationship between cheliped color and body size in female Callinectes sapidus and its role in reproductive behavior." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1169.
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Many species use color during courtship displays, with the more colorful individuals often selected as potential mates. Female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, display prominent red markings on their chelipeds, which is absent in males. I tested the hypothesis that females use this sexual dimorphism as an effective signal to potential mates.
Body size was positively correlated with size of the colorful pattern on the crusher dactyl. Digital imaging techniques were used to examine and quantify a pattern of coloration in the female blue crab. Morphometric measurements were made using digital images of the carapace and chelae of crabs collected along the Gulf of Mexico coast in Galveston, Texas. Color complexity was examined on digital images of the chelae using Adobe? Photoshop? and Image J. Specific wavelengths were selected and their presence within the attribute quantified and evaluated.
To determine whether male blue crabs prefer more colorful females, males were given a choice between females of different female coloration. Males displayed more often and directed more courtship displays towards the more colorful females. I hypothesize that male blue crabs use cheliped coloration as a visual cue for mate selection.
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Jaroszkiewicz, Rafal. "Fast Extraction of BRDFs and Material Maps from Images." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1169.
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The bidirectional reflectance distribution function has a four dimensional parameter space and such high dimensionality makes it impractical to use it directly in hardware rendering. When a BRDF has no analytical representation, common solutions to overcome this problem include expressing it as a sum of basis functions or factorizing it into several functions of smaller dimensions.
This thesis describes factorization extensions that significantly improve factor computation speed and eliminate drawbacks of previous techniques that overemphasize low sample values. The improved algorithm is used to calculate factorizations and material maps from colored images. The technique presented in this thesis allows interactive definition of arbitrary materials, and although this method is based on physical parameters, it can be also used for achieving a variety of non-photorealistic effects.
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Krantz, Elizabeth. "Sharpening the Boundaries of the Sequential Probability Ratio Test." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1169.
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In this thesis, we present an introduction to Wald’s Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) for binary outcomes. Previous researchers have investigated ways to modify the stopping boundaries that reduce the expected sample size for the test. In this research, we investigate ways to further improve these boundaries. For a given maximum allowable sample size, we develop a method intended to generate all possible sets of boundaries. We then find the one set of boundaries that minimizes the maximum expected sample size while still preserving the nominal error rates. Once the satisfying boundaries have been created, we present the results of simulation studies conducted on these boundaries as a means for analyzing both the expected number of observations and the amount of variability in the sample size required to make a decision in the test.
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Kanzi, Noluvuyo. "An investigation of the role of records management with specific reference to Amathole District Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1169.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role played by records management in an organisation. The primary question that was explored was whether the management of records receives the attention it deserves at the Amathole District Municipality. In order to achieve the research objectives, an in-depth literature study was undertaken. A survey was also conducted to examine the current records management practices at ADM and the data was collected by means of self-administered questionnaires. The literature study proved the hypothesis to be correct, which stated that effective records management plays a significant role in the effective administration of an organization. The empirical study revealed that the records management function is not receiving the attention it deserves at ADM. Even though participants acknowledged the importance of records management in the decision-making process, strategic planning process (Integrated Development Plan), the realisation of the Batho Pele Principles and the overall performance of ADM, it was evident that ignorance was displayed with regard to the management of records. It has been discovered that Amathole District Municipality has a good Records Management Policy, Procedure manual and File Plan, but adherence to these policies should be continuously monitored. Regular training has been identified as one of the areas on which ADM should apply its focus to ensure sound records management. Recommendations were made within the context of empirical survey findings and the regulatory framework for records management. To improve the current records management practices at ADM, it has been recommended that the records management function be incorporated into the organisation-wide strategic plans and that records management forms part of the key performance areas of senior managers.
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Kumar, Deepoo. "Development of a Reliable Kinetic Model for Ladle Refining of Steel." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1169.
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The advancement in computational thermodynamics can help researchers to test their hypotheses regarding complex steelmaking operations in a more quantified manner. The main aim of the current work was to use develop a kinetic model that can predict changes in steel, slag and inclusions during ladle refining and use this model as a tool to develop better understanding of the steelmaking process itself. The important reactions during ladle refining are: steel-refractory reaction, slag-refractory reaction, flotation of inclusions to slag, steel-inclusion reaction, steel-slag reaction and inclusions originating from slag. The chemical reactions between two phases were considered to be mass transfer controlled. The macro-processing feature in FactSage was used to do multiple equilibrium calculations and calculate the change in steel, slag and inclusion composition. Targeted experiments and industrial trials were conducted to find model parameters. For laboratory experiments, the rate of magnesium-transfer to oxide inclusions in steel due to steel-crucible and steel-slag reaction was studied. It was concluded that the presence of spinel layer on MgO crucible at the steel-crucible reaction can help in significantly reduce the rate of Mg pick-up due to steel-crucible reaction. For industrial trials, a comparison between the rate of steel-slag reaction and inclusion flotation rate showed that the steel-slag reaction could be significantly slowed due to slag inhomogeneity. The kinetic model was also used to identify artifacts in steel and slag sampling during ladle refining. One of the main limitations of the kinetic model was the over-prediction of calcium pick-up in steel due to steel-slag reaction. Induction furnace experiments were conducted using MgO, ZrO2 and CaO crucible with different slag composition and silicon concentration to study the extent of calcium pick-up due to steel-slag and steel-crucible reactions. The steel-CaO crucible equilibrium experiment was used to estimate Ca-O interaction parameter. The equilibrated steel was reoxidized with known amount of oxygen to allow all the dissolved calcium to precipitate as oxide inclusions. Inclusion analysis of sample taken after reoxidation was used to estimate dissolved calcium in steel. The measured dissolved calcium was used to estimate Ca-O interaction parameter. A private database for liquid steel was created in FactSage and used for kinetic modeling of laboratory scale steel-slag-crucible experiments. The use of private database for kinetic model helped in avoiding excess calcium pick-up in steel due to steel-slag reaction. However, the model and database should be tested for conditions where significant calcium pick-up is experimentally observed. In the present work, the inclusion removal was assumed to be first order reaction with fixed rate constant. In practice, the inclusion removal is expected to be a more complicated process of agglomeration and flotation. Similarly, the steel-inclusion reactions were considered in equilibrium for each time step of calculation. Sometimes, the composition difference inside single inclusions was found. Some characterization tools were used that could be useful in future to study the agglomeration of inclusions and composition differences inside single inclusion. The agglomeration behavior of inclusions at the steel-argon interface inside confocal laser scanning microscope was compared to the agglomeration in bulk samples from laboratory and industrial steel samples. The size and morphology of inclusion clusters were studied using X-ray micro CT. The composition and morphology of single inclusion was studied using focused ion beam methods: Ga-FIB instrument and plasma-FIB instrument.
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Chetland, Christopher John. "Does biology need a new theory of explanation? An investigation into the possibility of moving past the limits of mechanistic and teleological descriptions of organisms : a thesis presented in partial fulfullment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1169.
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The problem of how to explain the fundamental nature of organisms for biology commonly falls under two causal systems, mechanistic and teleological. These systems however, fall into fundamental logical problems when put to the test. Many biologists also claim that these systems miss the essential nature of organisms. Historically one of the most important discussions of this problem occurs in Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Judgment, and this work has been chosen as the basis for an investigation of possible ways to avoid the inherent problems that occur with mechanistic and teleological explanations in current biology. By evaluating Kant’s claim, that organisms are not accurately describable by our standard causal explanations, it could be assessed in light of current discoveries whether we have the ability to develop a new causal or acausal system by which to explain organisms. From this analysis, and in agreement with Kant’s investigations of the problems of ‘design-like’ characteristics in organisms, both causal mechanistic and teleological explanations were found to be inapplicable for use in any comprehensive and accurate understanding of organisms and evolution. They are recommended at best to be considered as heuristics. Following this, an investigation of alternate methods of explanation apparently not prone to the problems of mechanistic and teleological causal explanations were characterised and assessed. This lead to the uncovering the system of extremal principles, a system that claims to be acausal and seems to have direct application to fundamental aspects of biology and evolution. This acausal system of extremal principles can for example, be used to describe the class of solitons. Types of solitons (biosolitons) exist in organisms and are important aspects of processes such as morphogenesis, DNA replication, self organization in the cytoskeleton, and locomotion to name a few. They also exhibit the properties of the quantum wave-particle fermions. It is proposed that further investigation of the system of extremal principles and their influence in biology through phenomena such as biosolitons can provide the basis for the development of a new acausal system of explanation or an extra aspect for standard causal models. This, it is concluded, will allow a potential avenue for creating a new and logically more consistent explanatory system in relation to fundamental aspects of the phenomenon of evolution, organisms and the environment.
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Munro, Ronald Martin. "The effects, influence and legacy of the reformation on Scottish history / by Ronald M. Munro." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1169.
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Berry, Joanna. "Welcome to the machine? : changing music industry value frameworks and the key characteristics of new music industry business models." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1169.
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This thesis examines changing value frameworks in the early 21st Century music industry, and the key characteristics of successful new music industry business models. Traditional music industry business models were built upon a linear value chain in which the record label had control over most if not all of the value adding and creating processes, in particular manufacture, reproduction, distribution and promotion. Artists without a contract with a record label faced significant challenges in generating sufficient funds to support investment in these capital intensive and expensive processes, in order to get their music distributed to a commercial audience. New technologies introduced at the end of the 20th Century and in the first decade of the 21st Century changed the environment within which record labels conducted the business of music, making it harder for them to capture value from their ownership of copyright. These technologies reduced the capital costs of creating, manufacturing, reproducing and distributing music and thus significantly lowered the barriers to entry of the music industry for individual and own-label artists. In parallel, new technologies gave simple and free access to music for a large audience of digitally connected consumers. This combination of factors resulted in a turbulent environment within which record labels and artists have experimented with new ways to derive value from this changing landscape. This dissertation proposes a new music industry value framework and proves the various linkages and relationships throughout the framework. Music industry business models are decomposed using Osterwalder’s business model ontology, in which is embedded the new value framework. This analysis reveals key characteristics of successful music industry business models. The dissertation concludes with recommendations for the application of these characteristics for the benefit of consumers, artists and record labels in the early 21st Century music industry.
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Dowdall, Clare A. "Text production in Bebo : a study of three children's text production in online social networking sites." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1169.
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This thesis aims to explore three pre-teenage children’s text production in online social networking sites. Social networking is a mainstream youth activity in the UK, conducted by (at the time of writing) almost 50% of 10-12 year old internet users (Ofcom, 2011, p.44). While social networking has been the subject of much interest amongst scholars and policy-makers, little has been published that documents the use of social networking amongst pre-teenage children. The literature that does exist is largely concerned with documenting usage (Ofcom, 2011; Livingstone and Haddon, 2010), and children’s safety in these contexts (Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF)/Byron 2010; DCSF/Byron, 2008; Livingstone et al., 2011a). This study aims to explore children’s text production in social networking sites with rightful regard for this concern, but with a focus on how children behave as text producers in these contexts. Working from an interpretive qualitative research paradigm, a purposive sample of three children who used (at the time) the popular social networking site Bebo was selected. The children were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule three times between June 2008 and May 2009. Interviews were transcribed using a line by line coding method. To support these data and contextualise analysis, screenshots of the children’s profile pages were also collected at each interview. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach (Charmaz, 2006), these data were analysed within data sets around each interview incident, and then synthesised to build a case study for each participant. This recursive process involved initial and focused coding, where following the construction of key codes for each data set, the codes were organised under thematic headings and finally used to construct tentative categories that described how the children behaved as text producers. Four tentative categories were constructed to describe the participants’ behaviour: text production to achieve social positioning; text production to achieve social control; text production to enact a text producing role; and text production for pleasure. Based upon the elaboration of these categories, a model of text production as mastery is proposed. In this model, children’s text production is regarded in relation two spectrums of mastery: a spectrum of social control and a spectrum of textual crafting. This study concludes by recommending that the social networking context must be recognised by educators as a meaningful context in which children’s mastery of these critical skills can be developed in order that they can they learn to be critical and masterful text producers in the new digital age (Gee, 2011 and Hayes, 2011).
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He, Xuan (Sarah). "The use of naturally generated volatile fatty acids for pesticide removal during the denitrification process." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1169.
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The effect of naturally produced volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on the removal of 2, 4-D from a wastewater during the denitrification process was studied in this thesis. The VFAs were generated from an anaerobic digester using soya flour solution as a synthetic feed. The digester was operated at an SRT and HRT of 10 days. The pH (4.8 ± 0.2) and temperature (32 ± 3 ℃) of the digester were not controlled. A mean VFA concentration of 3153 ± 801 mg/L was achieved with acid speciation results of acetic (51.4 %), propionic (27.5 %), n-butyric (19.6 %) and iso-valeric (1.4 %). The specific VFA production rate was 0.014 mg VFA/mg VSS/day. The extent of the digestion process converting the substrate from a particulate to soluble form was evaluated as the specific TOC solubilization rate (0.007 mg TOC/mg VSS/day), soluble COD production rate (0.022 mg SCOD/mg VSS/day) and percent VSS reduction (14 %). The low solubilization rate is possibly due to high feed solids (3.4%) which led to a heavily overloaded bioreactor. It also suggests that the particulate substrate was not entirely amenable to solubilization. The acclimation of 2, 4-D degrading bacteria was developed successfully in an SBR fed with sewage and 2, 4-D (30-100 mg/L) as carbon and energy sources. A mean MLSS of 3653 ± 547 mg/L and an SRT of 20 ± 9 days were observed during the research period. The settleability of the SBR sludge was excellent evidenced by a low sludge volume index (SVI) of 101 ± 50 mL/g and less than 5 mg/L of effluent suspended solids. The specific 2, 4-D degradation rate was 0.046 ± 0.018 mg/mg MLSS/day. However, the removal of 2, 4-D during 60 minutes of non-aerated phase was negligible while more than 90 % of the 2, 4-D was removed within 240 minutes of the aerated phase. The successful degradation of 2, 4-D is related to the length of the acclimation period, as the acclimation period increased, the specific biodegradation rate increased. A biosorption study using ultrasound pre-treatment of the SBR acclimated biomass suggested that less than 10 % of the removal of 2, 4-D was due to biosorption, while more than 90 % removal of the 2, 4-D was likely due to biodegradation. Denitrification batch tests (using SBR-acclimated biomass) demonstrated that the addition of a digester effluent rich in naturally-produced VFAs increased both the 2 specific denitrification rate and the 2, 4-D degradation efficiency, as compared to that using 2, 4-D as a sole carbon source. In particular, the specific denitrification rates increased from 0.0119 ± 0.0039 to 0.0192 ± 0.0079 to 0.024 ± 0.003 g NO₃-N/g VSS per day, when using 2, 4-D alone, 2, 4-D plus natural VFAs and natural VFAs alone as carbon sources. The percent 2, 4-D removal increased from 28.33 ± 11.88 using 2, 4-D alone as a carbon source to 54.17 ± 21.89 using 2, 4-D plus natural VFAs as carbon sources. The specific 2, 4-D degradation rate and 2, 4-D removal efficiency of unacclimated biomass were 2.0 to 2.5 times less than those of the acclimated biomass. Natural VFAs and synthetic VFAs were found to be identical in denitrification batch tests in terms of their use as a carbon source. The mean specific denitrification and VFA-C consumption rates as well as the mean specific 2, 4-D degradation rate derived from experiments using natural VFAs and 2, 4-D as carbon sources were close to the valuess from experiments using synthetic VFAs and 2, 4-D as carbon sources. Further exploration of 2, 4-D degradation behaviour with pulsed additions of NO₃-N did not find further significant 2, 4-D removal, although almost all of NO₃-N was used by the end of the experimental run due to endogenous carbon sources used for cell maintenance and growth. However, the higher the concentration of biomass used in the denitrification batch system, the larger the amount of 2, 4-D degraded and the faster the VFA-C and NO₃-N were consumed. Further research with respect to optimisation of the acid-phase anaerobic digestion process (e.g. to adjust SRT and HRT or to lower the solid content of synthetic feed) would improve the specific VFA production rate and the solubilization rate. More research on the SBR could be carried out to investigate its maximum 2, 4-D removal capability as well as the removal of other structurally related herbicides. Attempts could be made to stimulate the growth of denitrifiers in the SBR (e.g. to add certain amounts of NO₃-N according to proper C: N ratios or to increase the length of non-aerated time). More microbiological studies of 2, 4-D degrading bacteria may also be helpful to understand the combined SBR/denitrification and 2, 4-D degradation process. More theoretical aspects of modelling kinetics could be developed to apply the combined process in-situ at 2, 4-D contaminated sites.
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Brugger, Alexander J. "Earnings Management in European Football: How Effective is Financial Fair Play?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1169.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the new Financial Fair Play regulations set forth by the United European Football Association (UEFA) in 2011 on levels of earnings management in European professional football. The Financial Fair Play regulations were imposed as a means of controlling the exorbitant amounts of debt and player’s wages that have threatened the financial stability of many professional football clubs throughout Europe. While UEFA has boasted early success of the new regulations, citing reduced aggregate losses of all football clubs, reduced overdue payables, and less outstanding debt, this study examines levels of discretionary accruals before and after the new regulations were instated to determine if teams are managing earnings to avoid UEFA sanctions.
This study collected data from 137 different teams competing in UEFA competition from 2007 to 2013. Discretionary accruals were estimated using the Jones model (1991) as modified by Kothari et al. (2005). The findings of this study were largely inconclusive as a significant difference could not be found in levels of abnormal discretionary accruals before and after the introduction of Financial Fair Play. These findings may suggest that UEFA has succeeded in creating regulations that have curbed an era of extreme leveraging and club losses while simultaneously restricting additional opportunities for club owners to manage earnings that reduce both earnings quality and financial transparency. Overall, the findings from this study highlight the need for more widely available financial information from European football clubs and additional years of financial data under the new regulations.
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Mason, Roger Bruce. "Product tactics in a complex and turbulent environment viewed through a complexity lens." The Business Review, Cambridge, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1169.
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This paper is based on the proposition that the choice of different product tactics is influenced by the nature of the firm’s external environment. It illustrates the type of product activities suggested for a complex and turbulent environment, when viewing the environment through a chaos and complexity theory lens. A qualitative, case method, using depth interviews,investigated the product activities in two companies to identify the product activities adopted in a more successful, versus a less successful, firm in a complex/turbulent environment. The results showed that the more successful company uses some destabilizing product activities but also partially uses stabilizing product activities. These findings are of benefit to marketers as they emphasize a new way to consider future product activities in their firms. Since businesses and markets are complex adaptive systems, using complexity theory to understand how to cope in complex, turbulent environments is necessary, but has not been widely researched, with even less emphasis on individual components of the marketing mix.
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Sydserff, Robin Scott. "The development and application of text-focused methods for evaluating accounting narratives, with a view to investigating impression management." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1169.
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Martin, Willis. "Simulation study of non-covalent hybridization of carbon nanotubes by single-stranded DNA in water." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1169.
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Thesis advisor: Goran KrilovSolubilization and separation is an important step in utilizing both the unique mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to different possible chiralities of CNTs, which can have drastically different electrochemical properties, it is also necessary to have a method of separation that will distinguish between these different species. Recent discovery of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) absorption onto CNTs have shown high affinity towards forming soluble hybrids in polar solvents. The interactions between the ssDNA and CNTs as well as the geometry of the hybrid structure are not well understood. In order to study these phenomena we have implemented multiple all-atom replica exchange simulations. Simulations are carried out in an aqueous environment and vary in single-stranded decamer composition as well as nanotube chirality. The oligonucleotides readily adsorb onto the carbon nanotube surface and immediately following begin a slow structural rearrangement. Dependent upon both oligonucleotide composition and nanotube chirality, the ssDNA is found to form several unique backbone geometries as defined by both local and global order parameters. In contrast to the multiple geometries the backbone may form to, the nucleotide bases are found to organize themselves into either parallel or anti-parallel conformation with a high degree of orientational order. Binding appears to be mainly driven by π-stacking interactions between DNA bases onto the carbon nanotube surface, equilibrium of the structures is also controlled by a complex mixture of forces including DNA conformational strain and solvent interactions. The result of this is the free energy landscape is found to have multiple minima occupied at room temperature which are separated by high energy barriers
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
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Gilbert, Clement. "Chromosomal evolution and phylogeny of golden moles and tenrecs (Mammalia : Afrosoricida)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1169.
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Thesis (PhD (Botany and Zoology)) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2008.Afrosoricida is a 65 million years old (my) eutherian order that together with the Tubulidentata (aardvark) and Macroscelidea (elephant shrews) form the Afroinsectiphillia, a subclade of Afrotheria. It includes two families – Chrysochloridae (nine genera of golden moles) and Tenrecidae (11 genera of tenrecs) – that collectively represent ~59% of the afrotherian generic diversity. This study presents the first comprehensive cytogenetic comparison between members of these two families (seven genera and 11 species/subspecies of golden moles, and two genera and 11 species of tenrecs) using G- and C-banding and chromosome painting. All detected rearrangements are interpreted in a strict cladistic framework. In the case of Chrysochloridae, this provides evidence for a sister relationship between Chrysochloris and Cryptochloris, the monophyly of the Amblysomus genus, and for the elevation of A. hottentotus meesteri to specific rank. The detection of telomeric-like repeats in the centromeres of all chromosomes of the Amblysomus species/subspecies but not in those of A. h. meesteri further strengthens its recognition as a distinct species. Parsimony analysis of chromosomal rearrangements within Tenrecidae, the second Afrotheria assemblage studied, showed that rearrangements which could be interpreted as Whole Arm Reciprocal Translocations (WARTs) were more likely to be the result of Robertsonian translocations. Four interspecific associations are recovered within Microgale that are consistent with morphological and molecular characters. It was also possible to infer ancestral karyotypes for the Chrysochloridae, Oryzorictinae and the two tenrecid genera, Oryzorictes and Microgale. Given the relatively high karyotypic diversity observed among some Microgale species and the prevailing debates on chromosomal evolution and regional palaeoenvironmental fluctuations, it is suggested that Microgale be added to the list of taxa where structural rearrangements are likely to have played a role in speciation. Using Genbank sequences and a relaxed Bayesian clock method, we estimate the age of the family Chrysochloridae at ~28.5 my and that of the genus Microgale at ~9.9 my. Based on these dates, it can be shown that most of the evolutionary branches are characterized by a slow rate of chromosomal change, but that markedly high rates are observed in some Microgale species and to a lesser extent in the lineage leading to A. robustus. The rates of chromosomal evolution and other cytogenetic features highlighted in this study are discussed in light of recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanims that underpin changes to genomic architecture.
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Brown, Angela. "Earthbound Humors: An Ecocritical Approach to Melancholy in As You Like It and Hamlet." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1169.
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Ecocriticism explores the way in which artists interact with, interpret and represent the natural world. The concept of “nature,†according to ecocriticism, goes beyond simply flora and fauna, extending to human nature as well. In Shakespeare's England, a person's nature was determined by his bodily humors, so the melancholy humor particularly lends itself to an ecocritical approach because it is inextricably linked to the natural world. Transcending genre, melancholy is not limited to the green world of comedy but rather appears in tragedy as well. In As You Like It, the melancholy Jaques offers a foil for the forest teeming with sanguine lovers. In Hamlet, however, melancholy becomes a much more bleak and ambiguous quality, raising questions concerning the nature of acting and suicide. In the study of melancholy within As You Like It and Hamlet, an ecocritical perspective offers a unique insight into the way Shakespeare experiences and interacts with the natural world.
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Rodrigues, Vanessa Campos. "Conhecimentos da população do concelho de Monção sobre suporte básico de vida." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1169.
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Monografia apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau Licenciada em EnfermagemA paragem cardio-respiratória é uma das principais causas de mortalidade na Europa, podendo ocorrer no domicílio da vítima, no local de trabalho, na rua ou num espaço comercial, sendo a cadeia de sobrevivência a base para o socorro. É importante que o indivíduo que assiste a esta situação consiga compreender a necessidade de chamar ajuda imediata e, no caso de possuir conhecimentos, iniciar precocemente manobras de Suporte Básico de Vida. Neste sentido, surge a investigação intitulada "Conhecimento da população de Monção sobre Suporte Básico de Vida", com o intuito de dar resposta aos seguintes objectivos específicos: averiguar se os indivíduos possuem curso de socorrismo; avaliar o nível de conhecimentos da população face a situações de paragem cardio-respiratória; verificar se os indivíduos se sentem preparados para actuar em situações de paragem cardio-respiratória; investigar se a população consegue identificar qual o número Europeu de Emergência Médica; analisar se os indivíduos consegue identificar qual a ordem básica de actuação numa situação de emergência; verificar se os indivíduos inquiridos identificam quanto tempo levam as reservas de energia e oxigénio do cérebro a esgotar-se, numa pessoa em paragem cardio-respiratória; identificar a reacção dos indivíduos que tenham assistido a uma situação com vítima de paragem cardio-respiratória e investigar se os indivíduos terão conhecimento relativamente ao algoritmo de Suporte Básico de Vida, nomeadamente à regra de compressões e insuflações instituída. Para o caminhar da investigação, procedeu-se à elaboração do trabalho através de um estudo descritivo simples com apoio numa abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se como instrumento de colheita de dados o questionário, constituído maioritariamente por perguntas fechadas, tendo apenas duas de resposta aberta. Após confirmação nos critérios de inclusão (residir no concelho de Monção, ser adulto e alfabetizado) a amostra total resultou em cinquenta e sete indivíduos. Posteriormente a esta colheita de dados, estes foram tratados no programa informático Microsoft Office Excel, apresentados depois em forma de quadros e gráficos para melhor análise e discussão. Os principais resultados desta investigação mostram que a população apresenta carências ao nível dos conhecimentos sobre Suporte Básico de Vida, pelo que é necessário investir em formação nesta temática. De forma a salvaguardar os direitos dos participantes na investigação, teve-se em conta os cinco princípios determinados pelos códigos de ética, nomeadamente, o direito à auto-determinação, o direito à intimidade; o direito ao anonimato e confidencialidade; o direito da protecção contra o desconforto e o prejuízo e finalmente o direito a um tratamento justo e equitativo.
The cardio-respiratory stopping is one of the main causes of mortality in the Europe, being able to occur in the domicile of the victim, in the workstation, the street or in another space, being the survival chain the base for the aid. It is important that the individual attends this situation obtains to understand the necessity to call immediate aid and, in the case to possess knowledge, precociously to initiate Basic Support Life. In this direction, the inquiry untitled the "Knowledge of the population of Monção on Basic Support of Life", with intention to give reply to the following specific objectives: to inquire if the individuals they posses Basic Support of Life course; to evaluate the level of knowledge of the population face the situations of cardio-respiratory stopping; to verify if the individuals feel prepared to situations of cardio-respiratory stopping; to investigate if the population identify the basic order of actuation in an emergency situation; to verify if the inquired individuals they identify how much time takes the reserves of energy and oxygen of the brain to be depleted, on a person in cardio-respiratory stopping; to identify the reaction of the individuals that have attended a situation with victim of cardio-respiratory stopping; and to investigate if the individuals they will relatively have knowledge to the algorithm of Basic Support of Life, nominated to the rule of compressions and insufflations instituted. To walk if of the inquiry, it was proceeded the elaboration from the work through simple a descriptive study with support in a quantitative boarding. The questionnaire, consisting of closed questions, having only two of open reply, was used as instrument of harvest of data. After confirmation in inclusion criteria (to reside in Monção, being adult and to be alphabetized) the total sample resulted in fifty-seven individuals. Later to this collect of information, this had been treated in the program Microsoft Office Excel, presented later in form of pictures and tables for better analysis and discussion. The main results of this inquiry show that the population presents lacks to the level of the knowledge on Basic Support of Life, for what are necessary to invest in formation in this thematic one. Of form to safeguard the rights of the participants in the inquiry, one had in account the five principles determined for the ethics codes, nominated, the right to the anonymity and confidentiality; the right of the protection against the discomfort and the damage and finally the right to and a just equitable treatment.
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Soeiro, Rui Manuel Marques de Sousa. "Os fundos de investimento como instrumento de gestão financeira e urbanística para as autarquias." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1169.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação ImobiliáriaAs Autarquias têm sofrido, cada vez mais, restrições financeiras que lhes reduzem a capacidade de intervenção na gestão do seu território, o que obriga ao aumento da eficiência na utilização dos fundos públicos. A procura de instrumentos alternativos e soluções baseadas em conceitos integrados, que não afectem a capacidade de endividamento dos municípios, tem levado a que algumas recorram à criação de Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário, para desenvolver projectos imobiliários, construir equipamentos ou, simplesmente, parquear os seus imóveis. As cidades portuguesas têm os seus centros cada vez mais desertificados, não havendo oferta de comércio com qualidade, e neles só permanecem pequenas empresas que não encontraram melhor alternativa e alguns moradores idosos, em más condições de habitabilidade. As causas mais prováveis desta desertificação parecem ser o congelamento das rendas que tem existido, a complexidade do NRAU e o mau funcionamento dos tribunais. A crise energética e a lentidão cada vez maior nos movimentos pendulares têm fomentado um aumento da procura de imóveis bem localizados, sem que a oferta acompanhe estas necessidades. Este conjunto de situações levou a que, através do Método do Estudo de Caso, na acepção qualitativa de Stake (1995) e na mais quantitativa de Yin (2003), esta dissertação procurasse analisar alguns casos contíguos e complementares de implementação de Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário, FII, por parte de autarquias, num modelo de parcerias com agentes do mercado imobiliário. Como modelo de desenvolvimento, os Fundos de Desenvolvimento Urbano poderão vir a trazer os capitais necessários, através do BEI ou do CEB, para fortalecer a reabilitação urbana, quer através de FII, quer através de PPP.
Municipalities have been facing more and more financial cutbacks that reduce their capacity for managing their territory, which stresses the need for efficiency of public funding. The search for alternative instruments and solutions based on integrated concepts that do not affect municipal debt and finance, has led to the creation of Real Estate Investment Funds, that allow the development of real estate projects as well as service infrastructures - health, education, utilities. People have been abandoning the Portuguese city centres because they cannot have a good quality life. There are no good quality shops and only small companies have kept their headquarters there, because they could not afford to settle in a better place. Only elderly people live there in poor housing conditions. This happens because old low rents cannot be raised, the New Law for Urban Rents is very complex and courts work very slowly. The energy crisis and commuting increased the demand for well-located buildings; nevertheless, the offer has remained the same. The aim of this dissertation is to study some embedded cases that involve the Municipalities implementation of Real Estate Investment Funds in partnerships with real estate agents. Our methodology follows both the qualitative approach of Stake (1995) and the more quantitative one suggested by Robert K. Yin (2003). Urban Development Funds can supply capital from BEI and CEB to Real Estate Investment Funds and PPP, in order to allow urban renewal.
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Cardozo, Alarcón Vanessa. "Ansiedad, depresión, nivel socioeconómico y factores dietéticos asociados al estado nutricional energético-proteico en adolescentes del nivel secundario del Colegio Nacional de Mujeres "Teresa González de Fanning"." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1169.
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OBJETIVO: Determinar la Asociación entre la Ansiedad-Depresión, Nivel socio-económico y Factores Dietéticos con el Estado Nutricional Energético-Proteico, en adolescentes del nivel secundario del Colegio Nacional de Mujeres Teresa González de Fanning. METODOLOGÍA: El presente trabajo es un estudio descriptivo correlacional, prospectivo, de corte transversal en 230 adolescentes de 11 a 18 años. Se aplicó la prueba HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) en el que se mide la presencia y la severidad de la ansiedad y la depresión simultáneamente. El Nivel Socioeconómico (NSE) se determinó utilizando la escala Graffar Modificada. Los factores dietéticos se estimaron empleando una Frecuencia Semicuantitativa de Consumo de Alimentos, un cuestionario de hábitos alimentarios, y otro de conocimientos en nutrición. El Estado Nutricional Energético-Proteico se evaluó como el índice de masa corporal de Quetelet (IMC= peso/ talla2). Los resultados se analizaron con la prueba Chi cuadrado y el análisis de Regresión Logística Binaria. RESULTADOS: El 64% de las adolescentes calificó ligero nivel de depresión, y el 47% calificaron ligero nivel de ansiedad, el 33% calificaron moderado-severo nivel de depresión y el 48% moderado-severo nivel de ansiedad. En cuanto al NSE el estrato Medio-Bajo fue de mayor prevalencia en estas adolescentes (47.8%), seguido por el Medio (40.9%). La mediana del consumo y porcentaje de adecuación de energía es de 1845.3 Kcal y 85% respectivamente mientras que el de proteínas es de 70.3 g y 120% respectivamente. El porcentaje de cobertura de Calcio y Hierro son bajas(45% y 81%), excepto en el caso de la adecuación de consumo de Hierro para el grupo de 11 a 14 años (95%). Se observó que el almuerzo es la comida que nadie deja de tomar ningún día de la semana, mientras que la cena es la de menor consumo, el 10% de la población tuvo cero hábitos alimentarios adecuados y el 67% de la población manifestó tener solo un buen hábito. El promedio de la prueba de conocimientos en nutrición fue de 8.83 (3.56 DE), resultando aprobadas el 27%. El 2% de la muestra se encontró con bajo peso. El 64% de obesas clasificó con ligero desorden de ansiedad. No se presentó algún caso de obesidad en adolescentes que clasificaron de normalidad en la prueba de ansiedad. El 91% de obesas presentó ligero desorden de depresión. El NSE Medio-Bajo tuvó más sobrepeso que el estrato medio y las normales fueron las que presentaron un mayor porcentaje de hábitos adecuados (80.8 %). Se encontró asociación entre el IMC y el Porcentaje de Adecuación de Energía al 75%(p=0.004), no ocurriendo lo mismo cuando el punto de corte es al 90% (p=0.433). Al igual que con la energía se encontraron porcentajes deficientes de adecuación de proteínas totales al 75% en adolescentes con obesidad (54.5%), al realizar la prueba de Chi cuadrado se encontró que existe asociación entre dichas variables (p=0.000). En el análisis de Regresión Logística clasificamos al estado nutricional en dos categorías según IMC: Normal, e Inadecuado encontrando que cinco variables tuvieron asociación significativa al estado nutricional. No se encontró relación entre el estado nutricional energético proteico y Diagnostico de Ansiedad, Diagnostico de Depresión, porcentaje de adecuación de Energía, Calcio, Hierro, Retinol, Tiamina, Magnesio, Piridoxina, Acido Fólico, número de comidas por día, consumo alimentos chatarra, porcentaje de fibra y azúcar añadida. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe relación significativa entre el estado nutricional energético proteico y el porcentaje de Proteínas Totales, de Zinc, Vitamina C, Niacina y la vitamina B12. Las tres primeras presentaron la OR menor que uno es decir que se comportarían como factores de protección, es decir mejores porcentajes de adecuación favorecen el adecuado IMC. En cambio las dos ultimas presentaron los valores del OR mayores a uno por lo tanto resultan ser factores de riesgo, es decir menores porcentajes de adecuación podrían dar por resultado niveles altos de IMC.Tesis
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Costa, Gustavo da Silva. "A influência da governança corporativa no desempenho econômico em empresas de capital aberto no Brasil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1169.
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Previous issue date: 2008The subject corporative governance has acquired an increasing importance, for well being spread out the hypothesis of that the structure of corporative governance generates significant changes in the model of management, performance and value of the company. In such a way, this work aimed at analyzing if the structure of corporative governance intervenes with the enterprise performance and with the strategy of Brazilin companies business. In this context, the objective of this dissertation was to analyze, in the last five years, the impact of the process of corporative governance for opened capital companies economic performance in Brazil. From this fact, it was looked for to identify the reasons that take the companies to opt for the corporative governance. These factors had been raised inside of a revision of literature of the New Institucional Economy, analyzing the Theory of the Agency, the Theory of the Firm, the Theory of the Costs of Transaction, the Rights of Property, Contracts and Institutions and the Theory of the Stakeholders. In sequence, the corporative governance in Brazil and the inworld, besides its main elements of measurement, were characterized. After, the general analysis of the results of three Brazilian companies of opened capital studies of case were carried through. So, there had been carried through three primary interviews with primary stakeholders (directly-linked with the management of the companies) and six secondary stakeholders (proceeding from the public sector, consulting and analysts of the financial market).The gotten results, mainly through the carried interviews, demonstrated that the corporative governance does not present a clear correlation with the economic performance of the companies. The same one has significant importance in the item of recovery in the financial market, succession, professionalization, accessible sources of financing, acquisition of new businesses and changes of structure of capital property.
O tema governança corporativa tem adquirido uma importância crescente, por ser bem difundida a hipótese de que a estrutura de governança corporativa gera mudanças significativas no modelo de gestão, no desempenho e no valor da empresa. Desta forma, este trabalho analisa se a estrutura de governança corporativa interfere no desempenho empresarial e na estratégia de negócio de empresas nacionais. Neste contexto, o objetivo da dissertação foi analisar a influência do processo de governança corporativa para o desempenho econômico em empresas de capital aberto no Brasil nos últimos cinco anos. A partir deste fato, procurou-se identificar os motivos que levam as empresas a optar pela governança corporativa. Tais fatores foram levantados dentro de uma revisão de literatura da nova economia institucional, analisando a teoria da agência, a teoria da firma, a teoria dos custos de transação, os direitos de propriedade, contratos e instituições e a teoria dos stakeholders. Em seqüência, foi caracterizada a governança corporativa no Brasil e no mundo e seus principais elementos de medição.Após, procedeu-se a uma a análise geral dos resultados de três estudos de caso referentes a empresas brasileiras de capital aberto, sendo que, para tanto, realizaram-se três entrevistas com stakeholders primários (ligados diretamente à gestão das empresas) e seis stakeholders secundários (provenientes do setor público, consultores e analistas do mercado financeiro). Os resultados obtidos, principalmente pela entrevistas realizadas, demonstram que a governança corporativa não apresenta uma correlação clara com o desempenho econômico das instituições. A mesma tem significativa importância nos itens de valorização no mercado financeiro, sucessão, profissionalização, fontes de financiamento mais acessíveis, aquisição de novos negócios e mudanças de estrutura de propriedade de capital.
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Gonzalez, Shelly S. "Anti-Romance: How William Shakespeare’s “King Lear” Informed John Keats’s “Lamia”." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1169.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze John Keats’s “Lamia” and his style of Anti-Romance as informed by William Shakespeare’s own experimentation with Romance and Anti-Romance in “King Lear.”
In order to fulfill the purpose of my thesis, I explore both the Romance and the Anti-Romance genres and develop a definition of the latter that is more particular to “King Lear” and “Lamia.” I also look at the source material for both “King Lear” and “Lamia” to see how Shakespeare and Keats were handling the originally Romantic material. Both Shakespeare and Keats altered the original material by subverting the traditional elements of Romance.
In conclusion, the thesis suggests that Shakespeare’s Anti-Romance, “King Lear,” and his general reworking of the Romance genre within that play informed Keats’s own experimentation with and deviation from the traditional Romance genre, particularly in “Lamia.”
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Padover, Jessica. "Reducing Problem Behavior in Children with Autism by Implementing Relaxation Exercise Interventions at the Onset of Precursor Behavior." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1169.
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Many children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) engage in problem behaviors (e.g., aggression and self-injurious behavior) that present safety concerns for both the children themselves and others around them. Previous research has shown that treating precursor behaviors that precede problem behavior may prove to be an alternative, safer method for preventing and treating problem behavior. The present study used a multiple baseline design across subjects (n = 4) to assess the efficacy of relaxation interventions on reducing precursor behavior and preventing problem behavior in children with ASD. Researchers first identified precursor behaviors for all participants through observation. During the intervention phase, all four children were taught deep breathing relaxation exercises. After participants received relaxation training, researchers cued relaxation exercises when precursors occurred, and the frequency of precursor, problem, and on-task behavior was observed. Results showed that problem behavior decreased in all participants following the relaxation intervention. Additionally, for the majority of participants, precursor behavior decreased and on-task behavior increased post-intervention. Implications for practice and future research on interventions that target precursor behaviors are discussed.
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Chang, Shen. "Multimedia versus print in facilitating audience learning." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1169.
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Tîlmaciu, Carmen-Mihaela. "Synthèse et remplissage de nanotubes de carbone double-parois pour des applications biomédicales." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1169/.
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Une première étape a consisté à synthétiser des nanotubes de carbone double-parois (DWNT) par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CCVD) à partir d'un catalyseur à base de MgO, qui a été réduit à 1000 °C, sous une atmosphère gazeuse H2/CH4 (18% en CH4). La sélectivité en DWNT observée après extraction par HCl est de ca. 80%. Avant et après une purification sous air, ces tubes de diamètres internes < ou = 2 nm, ont été remplis par action capillaire avec des précurseurs de fer et cobalt (FeI2, FeCl2, FeCp2 ou CoI2) en milieu sels fondus, suivi d'une réduction sous H2, afin de préparer des fils magnétiques à l'intérieur des DWNT, pour une application en hyperthermie. Les caractérisations Mössbauer après la réduction sous H2 des halogénures de fer@DWNT ont mis en évidence la présence des particules superparamagnétiques d'oxyde de Fe(III) (SPION), qui présentent un très grand intérêt, car elles sont sensibles aux champs magnétiques, sans retenir la magnétisation après l'enlèvement du champ. En parallèle, après la réduction du CoI2@DWNT, les expériences d'AGM et SQUID ont montré la présence des fils ferromagnétiques de cobalt, confinés à l'intérieur des DWNT (collaboration avec IFW-Dresde, Allemagne). En utilisant la même méthode de remplissage en sels fondus, des gadonanotubes (Gd3+@DWNT) ont été synthétisés pour l'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM). Des mesures préliminaires des temps de relaxation et le contrôle d'éventuelles fuites de métal hors des DWNT effectués sur plusieurs échantillons avec différentes concentrations en gadolinium. Les résultats se révèlent être encourageants: les échantillons de Gd3+@DWNT présentent une bonne stabilité dans le temps (plus de six mois) et des relaxivités élevées (approximativement cinq fois plus grandes que celles des principaux agents de contraste utilisés actuellement en clinique) - collaboration avec l'Hôpital Purpan-Toulouse, France. Le remplissage en solution avec le sel di-phosphaté de chloroquine, un médicament anti-malarien, a aussi été accompli avec succès. Le test avec la luciférase, le test MTT de toxicité, ainsi que la MET-HR, EDX et l'analyse élémentaire ont mis en évidence le remplissage des DWNT et ont permis de quantifier le pourcentage de médicament dans l'échantillon (collaboration avec l'Université de Surrey, Angleterre)Narrow double-walled CNT (DWNT) were prepared by catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD), using a MgO-based catalyst, which was reduced at 1000 °C in a mixture of H2/CH4, containing 18 mol % of CH4. The selectivity towards DWNT is ca. 80%. Before and after purification in air, these tubes with inner diameters < ou = 2 nm were filled by capillary action with iron and cobalt precursors (FeI2, FeCl2, FeCp2 or CoI2) in melted phases, followed by reduction in H2, in order to prepare magnetic nanowires inside the DWNT for hyperthermia application. The Mössbauer characterizations after reduction of the iron halides@DWNT in H2, have evidenced the presence of superparamagnetic nanoparticles of Fe(III) oxides (SPION), which present very high interest, as they are sensitive to magnetic fields, without retaining magnetisation after removal of the latter. In parallel, after reduction of the CoI2@DWNT, AGM and SQUID measurements revealed the presence of ferromagnetic nanowires of cobalt confined in DWNT (collaboration with IFW-Dresden, Germany). Using the same method of filling in melted phase, gadonanotubes (Gd3+@DWNT) were synthesized for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preliminary measurements of relaxation times and the control of possible leaks of metal outside DWNT were achieved on several samples with different concentrations of gadolinium. The results are encouraging: Gd3+@DWNT samples present a good stability in time (over twenty three days) and high relaxivities (about five times greater than the current main clinical agents) - collaboration with the Hospital of Purpan-Toulouse, France. Filling in solution with chloroquine diphosphate salt, an antimalarian drug was also successfully achieved. Luciferase assay, MTT toxicity test, as well as HRTEM, EDX and elemental analysis were performed, in order to prove the filling and to quantify the percent of the drug in the sample (collaboration with the University of Surrey, England)
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Guimarães, Ivo Maciel Carvalho. "A câmara obscura e o registo fotográfico digital : associação de uma câmara estenopeica a um scanner de varrimento linear." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1169.
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Mestrado em Criação Artística ContemporâneaEsta dissertação analisa o processo da captura de imagem fotográfica, cruzando os princípios básicos da "Camera Obscura" com o registo moderno de imagem digital e o pós processamento que lhe está associado. Para este estudo, foi construído um equipamento de captação de imagem que tem por base a associação de uma câmara estenopeica a um "scanner" de varrimento linear, criando assim um processo tecnicamente diferente do processo tradicional e que levanta algumas questões sobre como o processo de captação formata o conteúdo das imagens. ABSTRACT: This dissertation analises the process of photographic image capture, crossing the basic principles of the "Camera Obscura" with modern register of digital image and it's post processing. For this study was built an image capture equipment that results of the association of a Pinhole Camera and a linear scan Scanner, criating therefore a tecnicaly diferent process than the traditional one, that raises some questions about the way that the capture process formats the image content.
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Geange, Shane Wallace. "An evaluation of prior residency and habitat effects on the persistence of settling reef fishes : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Biology /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1169.
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Pietrantoni, Zachary. "The Relationship Between Multicultural Competency Training and Self-Efficacy in School Counselors-in-Training: Understanding of Social Class and Classism Competency Training." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1169.
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Hernandez (2013) claimed that the economic landscape in the United States of American (U.S.) has changed over the last decade, increasing the number of children of low social class standing. Counselors for Social Justice (CSJ; 2011) noted that an achievement gap exists between children of low social class standing and their middle and upper social class standing peers. School counselors and school counselor-in-training (SCITs) serve as advocates to address systemic barriers impeding academic, career, and personal/social success of all students (American School Counselor Association; ASCA, 2012; CSJ, 2011; Erford, 2011). Therefore, the need to understand school counselors’ and SCITs’ multicultural self-efficacy is imperative (Holcomb-McCoy, Harris, Hines, & Johnston, 2008). ASCA and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP, 2016; 2009) provide standards and guidelines for training school counselors to address issues of social class and classism. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between SCITs multicultural competency training and their self-efficacy in social class and classism training regardless of race/ethnicity and gender. This quantitative study consisted of 169 SCITs from CACREP and non-CACREP school counselor programs across the five Association of Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) regions. The survey used in this study contained modified versions of the Multicultural Counseling Competence and Training Survey-Revised (School Counselor Version) (MCCTS-R; Holcomb-McCoy & Day-Vines, 2004); the School Counselor Self-Efficacy Scale (SCSE; Bodenhorn & Skaggs, 2005); the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 1984); and a social class and classism training questionnaire and demographic questionnaire developed for the purposes of this study. Results from this study indicated program accreditation status (i.e., CACREP and non-CACREP) does not appear to influence multicultural competence or self-efficacy, but non-CACREP status did seem to increase perceived social class and classism training competence. In addition, results suggested low social class standing appeared to negatively influence perceived multicultural competency, self-efficacy, and social class and classism training more so than middle or upper social class groups. The number of multicultural competency courses and training level were consistent significant predictors in perceived multicultural competency, self-efficacy, and social class and classism training. However, region did not appear to influence perceived multicultural competency, self-efficacy, or social class and classism training. Finally, this study found a moderate, positive relationship between perceived multicultural competency and self-efficacy regarding social class and classism training. Implications from this study supported previous research (i.e., Constantine, 2001b; Constantine & Yeh, 2001; Holcomb-McCoy, 2005, 2001; Holcomb-McCoy, Gonzalez, & Johnston, 2009; Holcomb-McCoy & Myers, 1999; Larson, Suzuki, Gillespie, Potenza, Bechtel, & Toulouse, 1992) that the number of multicultural competency training courses, training level, and counseling experiences increased perceived multicultural competence and self-efficacy in social class and classism training. Therefore, SCITs should experience social class issues early and often in training through role-plays and modeling to improve the multicultural self-efficacy in social class and classism training (Cartwright, Daniels, & Zhang, 2008; Owen, Bodenhorn, & Bryant, 2010).
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Travelstead, Jonathan. "How We Bury Our Dead." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1169.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF JONATHAN GLENN TRAVELSTEAD, for the Master of Fine Arts Degree in ENGLISH, presented March 27, 2013, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: HOW WE BURY OUR DEAD MAJOR PROFESSOR: Professor Judy Jordan How We Bury Our Dead is a collection of poems that seeks to emphasize a speaker's grieving as he processes his Mother's dying with travel and self-alienation from family- a speaker who places himself in dangerous situations to displace rather than confront his feelings. How We Bury Our Dead does not seek to break the process down into uniform, chronologically-connected steps, but rather, to show a private process, a grief that for this speaker involves primarily a state of denial. The first section begins on a plane flight to Kuwait where the speaker has volunteered for a National Guard deployment as a way of avoiding his Mother's death, followed by the section in which he escapes to Alaska in winter, hitchhiking and staying with people he meets in the towns, and the third and fourth section follow his return home and to his family as well as his acceptance of his Mother's death as he begins feeling pressures inherent to his occupation as a firefighter.
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Duke, Connor Raymond. "Optimization of Control Source and Error Sensor Locations in Free Field Active Noise Control." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1169.
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Previous work has shown that active noise control (ANC) can be applied to axial cooling fans. Optimization of the control source and error sensor placement is desired to maximize the attenuation using ANC. A genetic algorithm was developed to find the optimal placement of control sources for a given primary source. The optimal configuration of control sources around a single primary source was shown to be a linear arrangement of the sources. This holds true for both two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional configurations. The higher-order radiation of the linear arrangement has also been verified experimentally, but the improvement in the experimental apparatus was not as dramatic as the theoretical model. Multiple flow visualization techniques have been used to find optimal near field error sensor locations. When there is little obstruction to the flow field of the fan, minimal airflow is found along the near field null that is created by minimizing the sound power of the system. Surface mounting of the error sensors can lead to a small increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the error sensors if vortices exist in the near field of the fan due to obstructions in the main flow. It has also been shown that the introduction of the ANC system does not affect the flow field of the fan.
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Gardner, Sherri R. "A Variety of Proofs of the Steiner-Lehmus Theorem." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1169.
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The Steiner-Lehmus Theorem has garnered much attention since its conception in the 1840s. A variety of proofs resulting from the posing of the theorem are still appearing today, well over 100 years later. There are some amazing similarities among these proofs, as different as they seem to be. These characteristics allow for some interesting groupings and observations.
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Оржеховская, А. А. "Эффективный метод расчета электрического поля пучка заряженных частиц в ускорителе ионов : автореф. дис. … канд. физ.-мат. наук : 05.13.18." Thesis, б. и, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/1169.
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Morris, Myla B. "From Wounded to Woman: The Demasculinization of Hemingway’s Wounded Male Characters." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1169.
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During his time of service in the Italian Army in World War I, Ernest Hemingway was injured. He received a non-life-threatening wound and was forever changed. In his article, "Ernest Hemingway: The Life as Fiction and the Fiction as Life," Jackson J. Benson proposes the idea of Hemingway's "wounding what if?" that follows this course of thought: "What if I were wounded and made crazy?, what would happen if I were sent back to the front? I was only wounded in an accident, what do the really brave ones think of me? (351)" Shortly following the war, Hemingway was wounded a second time, this of an emotional nature. A British nurse whom he had fallen in love with broke his heart by downplaying the relationship they had shared and his emotions for her. These two young experiences seem to have impacted Hemingway's writing a great deal, leading him to color his wounded male characters as feminized. "From Wounded to Woman" is an exploration of a variety of Hemingway's wounded male characters that attempts a connection between their having incurred these wounds and becoming feminizied. There is a direct line of logic-of-assertion followed from Hemingway's most popular character, Jake Barnes, through to some of his lesser-known short story stars that traces a path of consistent wounding and subsequent feminization. In the more narrow literary world, Ernest Hemingway has been known as a masculine author whose tales are of war and suffering. It is my goal to explore the feminine aspects of Hemingway's work through his self-critiques expressed through his leading male characters.
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Porter, Sarah Ann. "Land cover study in Iowa: analysis of classification methodology and its impact on scale, accuracy, and landscape metrics." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1169.
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For landscapes dominated by agriculture, land cover plays an important role in the balance between anthropogenic and natural forces. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to describe two different methodologies that have been implemented to create high-resolution land cover classifications in a dominant agricultural landscape. First, an object-based segmentation approach will be presented, which was applied to historic, high resolution, panchromatic aerial photography. Second, a traditional per-pixel technique was applied to multi-temporal, multispectral, high resolution aerial photography, in combination with light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and independent component analysis (ICA). A critical analysis of each approach will be discussed in detail, as well as the ability of each methodology to generate landscape metrics that can accurately characterize the quality of the landscape. This will be done through the comparison of various landscape metrics derived from the different classifications approaches, with a goal of enhancing the literature concerning how these metrics vary across methodologies and across scales. This is a familiar problem encountered when analyzing land cover datasets over time, which are often at different scales or generated using different methodologies. The diversity of remotely sensed imagery, including varying spatial resolutions, landscapes, and extents, as well as the wide range of spatial metrics that can be created, has generated concern about the integrity of these metrics when used to make inferences about landscape quality. Finally, inferences will be made about land cover and land cover change dynamics for the state of Iowa based on insight gained throughout the process.
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Garrett, David L. "Wheat-Gold Currency How To Make Large-Scale Grain Storage Possible." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1169.
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The United States has a National Oil Reserve but no food reserve. Just as the oil reserve is designed to buffer unforeseen disruptions in the critical supply, the nation should also have a food reserve for at least the same purpose. The United States and other developed nations have little or no food reserve beyond the typical demands between growing seasons. Marvelous production achievements in agriculture beginning in the early 1960s and known as the “Green Revolution” are now leveling off. Food production, suffering from such negative side effects as reduced water tables, is being outstripped by population growth (Bourne, 2009). In 2006 through 2008 the US and world drawdown of wheat and other grain stocks, together with agricultural events such as droughts in various parts of the world, caused grain reserves to hit historically low levels. The resulting lack of supply created significant disruptions, including record high prices (Figure 1) (Good and Li, 2010, USDA - Foreign Agricultural Service, 2011), countries refusing to export, riots, and famine (CNN.com, 2008). The need for higher world grain stocks seems clear. Higher grain stocks should result in lower price volatility and higher food security in Utah, the US, the UK, and internationally.
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Reich, Gloria E. "Direct and Indirect Costs of Tinnitus: Factors for Decisionmaking." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1169.
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This study investigates the psychological, social and economic costs of tinnitus to affected individuals. A conceptual framework for tinnitus is presented which includes the possible causes of tinnitus, the perception of severity of tinnitus, mediators or agents that can change the perception of tinnitus, tinnitus treatments, and the social and economic effects of tinnitus. Three main factors were studied: 1) whether tinnitus costs can be predicted from perceived severity and other characteristics of tinnitus, 2) whether a scale can be developed to provide information about the subjective measurement of tinnitus severity, and 3) how many people have severe tinnitus. Information from tinnitus sufferers was collected through the use of a mail survey distributed to members of tinnitus self-help groups and to people seeking information about their tinnitus from the American Tinnitus Association. Group I comprised 171 self-help group members, and Group II comprised 84 new inquirers. Estimates of the cost of tinnitus were derived for the combined respondent groups. In testing the hypotheses it was found that tinnitus costs increased as the perception of severity increased, and that the variables age, sex, psychological problems, income and general health are related to tinnitus costs. A three item scale for rating the perception of tinnitus severity was developed. Reliability testing indicated that the scale would provide data usable in research but that it would not be a strong enough indicator to be used alone as a decision criterion. The scale, when used in conjunction with medical, audiological, and dental evaluations can contribute to the definition of severity. Using the available data about tinnitus prevalence this study presented an estimate of more than 5% of civilian and non-institutionalized Americans suffering from severe tinnitus in 1985, and more than 20% experiencing milder tinnitus. Information for obtaining this estimate was derived from U. S. census reports, National Health Interviews, Hearing and Ear Examination Findings, census studies from Great Britain, and smaller studies.
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Stern, Rebecca. "Evaluating Climate And Environmental Drivers Of Tree Species’ Growth Within The Northern Forest." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1169.
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Northeastern forests are in a period of immense change. While forests are inherently dynamic ecosystems, a range of environmental challenges may cause unique and uncertain transformations within forests moving forward. How trees in northern forests respond to these environmental and anthropogenic changes remains uncertain; reductions and increases in the growth of various species and shifts in current species’ ranges may take place.
I analyzed associations between tree growth (assessed using xylem increment cores) and a range of site, climate, and pollution deposition variables for seven major tree species in Vermont. First, I looked at red oak (Quercus rubra L.), a species that is projected to expand into the northern hardwood forest. Summer moisture metrics were consistently and positively associated with growth, while higher summer temperatures were often negatively associated with growth. Several pollution metrics were associated with reduced growth – a surprising result for a species not known to be sensitive to inputs of acid deposition.
Second, I examined growth of three tree species emblematic of the northern hardwood forest: sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), plus a fourth species, red maple (Acer rubrum L.), whose abundance has increased within the region. Winter moisture (likely snow) was important for all species except for red maple, and either summer moisture (positively associated) or temperature (mostly negatively associated) variables were important for all species, with some differences in relationships based on the elevation or time period evaluated. Pollution metrics were also negatively associated with growth for all species except beech.
Third, I studied correlations of growth and environmental parameters for two temperate conifers: eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière). For both species, growth was positively associated with warmer spring temperatures but negatively associated with summer temperatures. Negative relationships between pollution deposition and growth for white pine, and to a far lesser extent, eastern hemlock, were also detected. If growing seasons lengthen as projected, temperate conifers may be at a competitive advantage for increased growth if changes in summer temperature and moisture regimes do not add excessive stress that offset possible increases in spring growth. These three studies highlight the importance of considering the distinct seasonal projections for moisture availability and temperature when evaluating the likely growth trajectories of these keystone species.
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Masuda, Michael Curtis Meyer. "Investigation of Degradation Effects Due to Gate Stress in GaN-on-Si High Electron Mobility Transistors Through Analysis of Low Frequency Noise." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1169.
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Gallium Nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) have superior performance characteristics compared to Silicon (Si) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) based transistors. GaN is a wide bandgap semiconductor which allows it to operate at higher breakdown voltages and power. Unlike traditional semiconductor devices, the GaN HEMT channel region is undoped and relies on the piezoelectric effect created at the GaN and Aluminum Gallium Nitride (AlGaN) heterojunction to create a conduction channel in the form of a quantum well known as the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Because the GaN HEMTs are undoped, these devices have higher electron mobility crucial for high frequency operation. However, over time and use these devices degrade in a manner that is not well understood. This research utilizes low frequency noise (LFN) as a method for analyzing changes and degradation mechanisms in GaN-on-Si devices due to gate stress.
LFN is a useful tool for probing different regions of the device that cannot be measured through direct means. LFN generation in GaN HEMTs is based on the carrier fluctuation theory of 1/f noise generation which states fluctuations in the number of charge carriers results in conductance fluctuations that produce a Lorentzian noise spectrum. The summing Lorentzian noise spectra from multiple traps leads to 1/f and random telegraph signal (RTS) noise. The primary cause of carrier fluctuations are electron traps near the 2DEG and in the AlGaN bulk. These traps occur naturally due to dislocations and impurities in the manufacturing process, but new traps can be generated by the inverse-piezoelectric effect during gate stress.
This thesis introduces noise and presents a circuit to bias the devices and measure gate and drain LFN simultaneously. Three measurements are performed before and after gate DC stress at three different temperatures: DC characterization, capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements, and LFN measurements. The DC characteristics show an increase in gate leakage after stress caused by an increase in traps after degradation consistent with trap assisted tunneling. However, the leakage current on the drain and source side differ before and after stress leading to the conclusion that the source side of the gate is more sensitive to gate stress. Gate leakage current on the drain side is also sensitive to temperature due to thermionic trap assisted tunneling. Hooge parameter calculations agree with previous research. The LFN results show an increase in gate and drain noise power, SIg(f) and SId(f), in accordance with increased gate leakage current under cutoff bias. RTS noise is also observed to increase in frequency with increased temperature. Activation energies for RTS noise are extracted and qualitatively linked to trap depth based on the McWhorter trap model.
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Peter, David Mark. "Improving community college faculty effectiveness through technology-based learning communities." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1169.
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College faculty members are often inadequately prepared to use technology in their classrooms. They often learn technology without institutional support, and without understanding technology's impact on student learning. As a result of these shortcomings, the use of technology in the college classroom is often not systematic or focused on improving learning. This study used a conceptual framework based on Wenger's learning community or community of practice idea. This study examined a Midwestern university where faculty made only limited use of classroom technology and did not demonstrate contemporary approaches to student learning. The study set out to determine the impact of technology-based faculty learning communities on student engagement. Five university faculty members served as research participants; all agreed to form a learning community and participate in a series of interviews that examined the impact of technology integration and the role of learning communities on adopting technology. Interview data were analyzed using an emergent and exploratory approach where themes and trends were identified through direct observation and examination of interview transcripts. One of the emergent themes was that increased faculty technology use depends primarily on positive prior experiences with technology. Another theme was that students' self-reported technology competency does not accurately reflect classroom uses, which may have a significant impact on educational technology integration strategies. The study's findings provide guidelines for a best practice model of faculty professional development to improve and enhance classroom learning with educational technology.
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Asadi, Hossein. "Experimental modelling for flexible pavement materials applying advanced laboratory tests to develop mechanistic-empirical design procedure." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1169.
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The fatigue performance of asphalt is addressed in the mechanistic-empirical pavement thickness design procedure used in Australia. The aim of this research program was to investigate the laboratory fatigue performance of a typical asphalt mix used in Western Australia as a structural layer, including the development of new testing protocols, a new fatigue life prediction model, an accelerated testing approach, and master curves that can be input into the M-E design procedures used in Australia.