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Svensson, Ann-Marie, Marko Modiano, Angela Karstadt, Mats Mobärg, Åke Persson, Monica Armini, Peter Boxall, et al. "Reviews and notices." Moderna Språk 94, no. 1 (June 1, 2000): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v94i1.9661.
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Includes the following reviews:
p. 101. Ann-Marie Svensson. Lightfoot, D., The Development of Language, Acquisition, Change, and Evolution.
p. 101-103. Marko Modiano. Ronowicz, E. & Yallop, C. (eds), English: One Language, Different Cultures.
p. 103-105. Angela Karstadt. Klintborg, S., The Transience of American English.
p. 105-106. Mats Mobärg. Pinker, S., Words and Rules. The Ingredients of Language.
p. 106-107. Åke Persson. Cartmell, D. & Whelehan, I. (eds), Adaptations: From Text to Screen, Screen to Text.
p. 108. Monica Armini. Rivkin, J. & Ryan, M. (eds), Literary Theory: An Anthology.
p. 108-109. Peter Boxall. Paul, R., Dissonant Voices: Literature and Society in Britain from Chaucer to the Present Day.
p. 109-110. Maria Proitsaki. Dove, R., On the Bus with Rosa Parks.
p. 110-111. Ronald Paul. Arundhati, R., The Cost of Living.
p. 111. Sabina Kielow. Chouliaraki, L. & Fairclough, N., Discourse in late Modernity: Rethinking Critical Discourse Analysis. + Mills, S., Discourse. The New Critical Idiom.
p. 112-114. Lars-Olof Nyhlén. Ammon, U. Ist deutsch noch internationale Wissenschaftssprache?
p. 114-115. Sigurd Rothstein. Treichel, H. -U., Der Verlone.
p. 116-117. M. Martin Guiney. Horlitz, M. Germanistische Schlaglichter.
p. 118-119. M. Martin Guiney. Conner, T., Chateaubriand's Mémoires d'outre-tombe. A portrait of the Artist as Exile.
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Olofsson, Arne, Ritva Leppihalme, Marie Källkvist, Nat Chase, Bengt Odenstedt, Karin Aijmer, Eugene McKendry, et al. "Reviews and notices." Moderna Språk 90, no. 1 (June 1, 1996): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v90i1.10021.
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Includes the following reviews:pp. 99-103. Arne Olofsson. Cambridge International Dictionary of English (CIDE).
pp. 103-104. Ritva Leppihalme. Schäffner, C. & Kelly-Holmes, H. (eds.), Cultural Functions od Translation.
pp. 104-105. Marie Källkvist. The Longman Language Activator: The World's First Production Dictionary.
pp. 105-106. Nat Chase. Nicholls, P., Modernisms.
pp. 106-108. Bengt Odenstedt. Lass, R., Old English. A historical linguistic companion.
pp. 108-109. Karin Aijmer. Tsui, A.B.M., English Conversation.
pp. 109-110. Eugene McKendry. Ó Sé, D. & Sheils, J., Teach Yourself Irish.
pp. 110-112. Gunnar Bergh. Andersson, D.A., Contemporary Sports Reporting.
pp. 112-113. Joe Trotta. Jacobs, R., English Syntax: A Grammar for English Language Professionals.
p. 114. Gustav Korlén. Dallmann, G., Zwischenrufe. Gedichte aus grosser und sehr kleiner Zeit.
pp. 115-117. Christine Frisch. Lenk, H.E.H., Deutsche Gesprächskultur.
pp. 117-119. Edelgard Biedermann. Frevert, U., "Mann und Weib, Weib und Mann". Geschlechter-Differenzen in der Moderne.
pp. 120-127. Göran Bornäs. Enwall, J. & Lötmarker, R., Fransk-svensk ordbok.
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Schlapp-Hackl, Inge, Christoph Falschlunger, Kathrin Zauner, Walter Schuh, Holger Kopacka, Klaus Wurst, and Paul Peringer. "Syntheses and crystal structures of [IrIII{C(CHCO2Et)(dppm)2-κ4 P,C,C′,P′}ClH]Cl·2.75CH2Cl2 and its derivatives, [IrIII{C(CHCO2Et)(dppm)2-κ4 P,C,C′,P′}(CH2CO2Et)Cl]Cl·CH3OH·0.5H2O, [IrIII{C(CHCO2Et)(dppm)2-κ4 P,C,C′,P′}Cl2]Cl·CH3OH·2H2O and [IrIII{C(CHCO2Et)(dppm)2-κ4 P,C,C′,P′}(CH2CO2Et)(CO)]Cl2·2CH2Cl2·1.5H2O." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018017024.
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The common feature of the four iridium(III) salt complexes, (bis{[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]diphenylphosphanylidene}(ethoxyoxoethanylidene)methane-κ4 P,C,C′,P′)chloridohydridoiridium(III) chloride methylene chloride 2.75-solvate (4), (bis{[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]diphenylphosphanylidene}(ethoxyoxoethanylidene)methane-κ4 P,C,C′,P′)chlorido(ethoxyoxoethanido)iridium(III) chloride–methanol–water (1/1/0.5) (5), (bis{[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]diphenylphosphanylidene}(ethoxyoxoethanylidene)methane-κ4 P,C,C′,P′)dichloridoiridium(III) chloride–methanol–water (1/1/2) (6) and (bis{[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]diphenylphosphanylidene}(ethoxyoxoethanylidene)methane-κ4 P,C,C′,P′)carbonyl(ethoxyoxoethanide)iridium(III) dichloride–methylene chloride–water (1/2/1.5) (7) or in terms of their formulae [Ir(C55H50O2P4)ClH]Cl·2.75CH2Cl2 (4), [Ir(C4H7O2)(C55H50O2P4)Cl]Cl·CH3OH·0.5H2O (5), [Ir(C55H50O2P4)Cl2]Cl·CH3OH·2H2O (6) and [Ir(C4H7O2)(C55H50O2P4)(CO)]Cl2·2CH2Cl2·1.5H2O (7) is a central IrIII atom coordinated in a distorted octahedral fashion by a PCCP ligand system and two additional residues, such as chlorides, a hydride, a carbonyl or an alkyl unit. Thereby, the PCP pincer ligand system and the residue trans to the carbodiphosphorane (CDP) C atom surround the iridium(III) transition metal in the equatorial plane under the formation of two five-membered dissimilar chelate rings [C—CCDP—P (4, 5, 6 and 7) for the first ring: 120.2 (3), 121.9 (5), 111.2 (3) and 121.7 (2) °; for the second ring: 112.1 (3), 113.5 (5), 120.5 (3) and 108.3 (2)°]. A cyclopropane-like heterocycle is positioned approximately orthogonal (84.21–88.85°) to the equatorial plane, including an alkylidene bridge connecting the IrIII atom and the coordinating CDP atom of the PCP subunit. In general, the neutral PCCP ligand system coordinates the metal in a tetradentate way via three Lewis acid/base bonds and by an alkylidene unit presenting strengthened interactions. In all the crystal structures, (disordered) solvent molecules are present in the voids of the packed molecules that interact with the positively charged complex and its chloride counter-ion(s) through weak hydrogen bonding.
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Mutia, A. Khairun, Y. Aris Purwanto, and Lilik Pujantoro. "PERUBAHAN KUALITAS BAWANG MERAH (Allium Ascalonicum L.) SELAMA PENYIMPANAN PADA TINGKAT KADAR AIR DAN SUHU YANG BERBEDA ((Allium ascalonicum l.) During Storage at Different Temperature and Water Content)." Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpasca.v11n2.2014.108-115.
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<p>Bawang merah merupakan salah satu jenis komoditas yang menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat. Namun bawang merah sangat mudah mengalami perubahan mutu seperti susut bobot, perubahan volatile dan mengalami kerusakan karena memiliki kandungan air yang tinggi, sehingga diperlukan metode penyimpanan yang baik untuk mempertahankan kesegarannya selama penyimpanan. Salah satu cara untuk mempertahankan kesegaran dan kualitas bawang merah adalah menyimpan pada suhu rendah dengan tingkat kadar air tertentu. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kadar air dan suhu penyimpanan yang mempertahankan mutu bawang merah konsumsi, serta pendugaan mutu bawang merah hingga penyimpanan 6 bulan. Bawang merah dikeringkan hingga kadar air mencapai 85% dan 80% kemudian dimasukkan kedalam kemasan rajut masing-masing sebanyak 2 kg dan dilakukan penyimpanan pada suhu 5°C dengan RH 65-70%, 10°C dengan RH 65-70% dan suhu ruang (25-30°C) dengan RH 52-88% selama 8 minggu. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan bawang merah yang terbaik pada kadar air 80% dengan suhu 5°C RH 65-70%, menghasilkan susut bobot 7,06%, kadar air 79,48%, kerusakan 0,37%, kekerasan 4,38 N, dan VRS 26,53 ?Eq/g. Berdasarkan pendugaan daya simpan, susut bawang merah hingga penyimpanan 6 bulan dengan penyimpanan pada suhu 5°C dengan kadar air 80% sebesar 21,466%.</p><p>Kata kunci :bawang merah, suhu, kadar air, penyimpanan, kualitas.</p><p>English Version Abstract</p><p>Shallot is one of the types of commodities into the needs of society. But shallots are very susceptible to changes in quality such as weight loss, changes in the volatile and damaged because it has a high water content, so it needed a good storage method for maintaining freshness during storage. One way to maintain the freshness and quality of shallot is storing at low temperatures with a certain level of water content. The aim of this study was to determine the level of water content and storage temperature to maintain the quality of shallot consumption, and shallot estimation quality until 6 months of storage. Shallots were dried to water content reached 85% and 80% and then inserted into the knited packaging each of 2 kg and then stored at 5°C with RH 65-70%, 10°C with RH 65-70% and room temperature (25-30°C) with RH 52-88% for 8 weeks. The result of the experiment showed that storage of shallot in water content of 80% at 5°C RH 65-70%, resulting in a weight loss of 7,06%, the water content of 79.48%, disorder 0,37%, hardness 4,18 N and VRS 26.53 ?Eq / g. Based on the estimation of shelf life, storage losses of shallot until 6 months with storage at 5 °C with water content of 80% of to 21.466%.</p><p>Keywords :shallot, suhu, water content, storage, quality.</p>
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Kahfi, J., N. Laily, NS Palupi, and P. Hariyadi. "Physicochemical Changes of Grobogan Variety Soybean (Glycine max) during Pilot Plant Scale Steam Flash Explosion – A Reaction Kinetics Approach." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1116, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012058.
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Abstract A pilot plant scale of SFE (steam flash explosion) chamber has been developed in order to process raw grobogan soybean. The objectives of this research were to study the physicochemical changes of soybean in term of reaction kinetics approach and to determine the optimal variables to produce high quality soybean. We used 2.5 kg and 5 kg of soybean, representing 75% and 50%, respectively, of headspace volume of SFE chamber. After soaking in the water, these soybeans were then treated using SFE chamber operated at temperature of 115 °C (P=1 bar), 125 °C (P=2 bar), and 135 °C (P=3 bar) and time interval of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes, after which the steam was suddenly released from the chamber to provide explosion effect. The treated soybean samples were then analyzed for hardness, color characteristics, urease index (UI), protein dispersibility index (PDI), and protein solubility index (PSI). The result showed that the decrease of hardness and b-value (yellowness) of soybean during processing can be explained by 1st order kinetic model. As for hardness, SFE gave kT=115°C=0.0344 minutes-1, kT=125°C=0.0495 minutes-1, kT=135°C=0.0864 minutes-1, and Ea=60.350 Kj.mol-1 (for 2.5 kg capacity); and kT=115°C=0.0314 minutes-1, kT=125°C=0.0442 minutes-1, and kT=135°C=0.0858 minutes-1, and Ea=66.009 Kj.mol-1 (for 5 kg capacity). As for b-value, SFE gave kT=115°C=0.0225 minutes-1, kT=125°C=0.0378 minutes-1, kT=135°C=0.0558 minutes-1, and Ea=59.873 Kj.mol-1 (for 2.5 kg capacity); and kT=115°C=0.0258 minutes-1, kT=125°C=0.0393 minutes-1, kT=135°C=0.0553 minutes-1, and Ea=64.544 Kj.mol-1 (for 5 kg capacity). The Ea for 5 kg capacity is higher than Ea for 2.5 kg capacity. This research found no appropriate reaction kinetics model for urease index, PSI, dan PDI. Soybean treated under 115 °C (1 bar) within 5 minutes for both capacities satisfy the processed soybean quality requiement.
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Türegün, Mehmet, and Humberto Reinoso. "Confirmatory Factor Analysis of MUIS-C Scale Among Baby Boomers With Hepatitis C." Journal of Nursing Measurement 29, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnm-d-19-00089.
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Background and PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale—Community (MUIS-C), used to gauge level of uncertainty among baby boomers with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, as a reliable two-factor instrument.MethodsA CFA was conducted to test MUIS-C. There were minor deviations from normality. Subsequently, 130 participants were used to examine the factor structure and the model fit. A robust maximum likelihood (ML) estimation using the Wishart distribution was implemented in R version 3.3.1.ResultsA very good model fit was obtained (χ2(101) = 118.32, p = .115, TLI = 0.977, CFI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.036, 90%CI(0.000, 0.061), and SRMR = 0.057). All indicators showed significant positive factor loadings, with standardized coefficients ranging from 0.511 to 0.868.ConclusionsThe MUIS-C was a reliable two-factor instrument and suitable for use as such in baby boomer population with HCV.
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Vinsky, Michael, Khandker Islam, Liuhong Chen, and Changxi Li. "Short Communication: Association analyses of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of OLR1 with growth, feed efficiency, fat deposition, and carcass merit traits in hybrid, Angus and Charolais beef cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 93, no. 2 (June 2013): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2012-115.
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Vinsky, M., Islam, K., Chen, L. and Li, C. 2013. Short Communication: Association analyses of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of OLR1 with growth, feed efficiency, fat deposition, and carcass merit traits in hybrid, Angus and Charolais beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 193–197. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1 (OLR1) (c. −495 T>C) was identified and analyzed for associations with 10 traits related to growth, feed efficiency, body fat deposition and carcass merit traits in hybrid (n=456), Angus (n=567) and Charolais (n=423) beef cattle populations. Significant allele substitution effect (P=0.023) was found for residual feed intake (RFI) in the Angus population. The allele “C”, which had a frequency of 0.24 in the Angus population, was associated with decreased RFI. The Angus steers with the “CC” genotype had a lower RFI value (i.e., more efficient) than the Angus steers carrying the ‘TT’ genotype. The SNP was also found to have significant dominance effects on final ultrasound rib-eye area (FUREA) (P=0.0004) and carcass rib-eye area (CREA) (P=0.009) in the Angus steer population. The Angus steers with the “CT” genotype had smaller rib-eye areas of both ultrasound and carcass measures than the average of the steers with the homozygous genotypes. However, the SNP did not show significant associations with the traits examined in either the hybrid or the Charolais steer population at P<0.05. OLR1 plays a role in lipid metabolism, and analyses of transcript binding site based on the transcription element search system revealed that the “T” allele of the c.-495T>C SNP introduces a presumptive binding site for CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). However, further investigation is required to delineate the possible regulatory role of the SNP on growth and efficiency of energy utilization in relation to different biological types of beef cattle.
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D'Alto, M., B. Sarubbi, P. Vergara, I. Luongo, A. Annunziata, C. Mita, G. M. Russo, and R. Calabro. "P-115 Sotalol-flecainide: An uncommon valuable association in the treatment of paediatric arrhythmias." EP Europace 4, Supplement_2 (December 1, 2003): B93—B94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/eupace/4.supplement_2.b93-c.
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Wirtu, G., C. E. Pope, A. Cole, R. A. Godke, D. L. Paccamonti, and B. L. Dresser. "115 SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION IN TRAGELAPHINE ANTELOPES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab115.
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As an integral aspect of our program to develop assisted reproductive technologies in tragelaphine antelopes, we have been evaluating the effects of various extenders on cryosurvival of spermatozoa. Semen was collected by electroejaculation (EEJ) from an eland (Taurotragus oryx, n = 14 EEJs) and a bongo (Tragelaphus euryceros, n = 7 EEJs) male during sedation and standing restraint in a hydraulic chute. Epididymal spermatozoa were collected from the proximal vas deferens, and distal epididymides recovered from four common eland bulls after elective castration at the Hattiesburg Zoo, Mississippi (age = 46 months) and the San Diego Wild Animal Park, California (ages = 18, 20, and 23 months). Testes from a bongo (age = 6.5 yr) and a greater kudu bull (Tragelaphus strepsiceros, age = 7.5 yr) at the Audubon Nature Institute were recovered and processed immediately postmortem. Kudu, bongo, and the Hattiesburg eland testes were transported at ambient temperature whereas the testes from San Diego elands were shipped overnight in a cold-pack container. Sperm processing was done at room temperature (RT = 23°C) in HEPES-buffered Tyrode's solution. Four extenders containing 7% glycerol were evaluated: Biladyl®, TEST Yolk buffer (TYB), Beltsville extender (BF5F), and skim milk. For freezing, sperm samples were initially extended and gradually cooled to 4°C before sequential addition of extender containing glycerol at 4°C; the procedure was then modified by addition of the glycerol fraction at RT before the sample was cooled to 4°C. Spermatozoa were vapor-frozen in 0.5 mL straws placed 5 cm above liquid nitrogen before storage at −196°C. Straws were thawed in a water bath (38°C, 30 s) to evaluate cryosurvival. All eland and bongo electroejaculation procedures produced spermatozoa, although sperm quality varied. Ejaculate volume averaged 5.4 ± 1.2 mL and 3.7 ± 1.1 mL in the bongo and the eland, respectively. Sperm motility at collection, after cooling, and after freezing in the different extenders is presented in Table 1. No immediate decline in sperm motility was observed after adding glycerol to samples, whether at 23°C or 4°C. Bongo spermatozoa lost more motility during freezing than during cooling (15.0 ± 4.4 vs. 5.8 ± 2.0%; P = 0.006); whereas, in eland, motility loss during cooling and freezing was similar (25.3 ± 16.2 vs. 21.1 ± 7.7; P = 0.44). The present results indicate that cooling and freezing tolerance of spermatozoa in tragelaphine antelopes is influenced by species, extender type, and temperature at which a cryoprotectant is added. Table 1. Cryosurvival of ejaculated or epididymal spermatozoa of three antelope species in different extenders
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Smith, Graham, Colin H. L. Kennard, and Karl A. Byriel. "Crystal Structure of Diethylammonium p-Aminobenzoate (Nevanide)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 52, no. 6 (1999): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch98164.
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The crystal structure of Nevanide (diethylammonium p-aminobenzoate) has been determined and refined to a residual R 0·055 for 2797 observed reflections. Crystals are monoclinic, space group C 2/c, with 32 ion pairs in a cell with dimensions a 29·510(6), b 17·150(1), c 20·473(5) Å, β 115·153(9)°. The structure is made up of a network of hydrogen-bonded ions; in this network the 4-aminobenzoate anions form a primary cyclic tetramer unit in which the amine groups of two residues are linked tail to tail through hydrogen bonds to single carboxylate oxygens of the other two residues. All oxygens are then linked peripherally to layers of diethylammonium cations by strong hydrogen bonding, with all possible hydrogen bonding sites utilized, giving a three-dimensional network array.
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Kara, I. O., A. Uguz, B. Sahin, E. Kilic-Bagir, and M. Erkisi. "Combined expression of bcl-2, bcl-6, HIF, HGF, c-kit, neu/cerb2 and VEGF-C and their clinical significance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 20079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.20079.
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20079 Background: Proteins regulating the cell cycle and cell death are frequently abnormally expressed in cancer. Several of these, particularly Bcl-2, Bcl-6, neu/cerb2 have been widely suggested as possible prognostic markers in diverse human malignancies. Their role in predicting outcome in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck is unclear. In addition c-kit protein has been shown in tumorogenesis. Because HNSCC preferentially metastasizes to regional lymph nodes, we investigated the expression of bcl-2, bcl-6, HIF, HGF, c-kit, neu/cerb2 and VEGF-C and their clinical significance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry. Methods: We studied 115 patients with stage I o III tumors, all were treated with surgery ± postoperative irradiation/chemotherapy by a single institute. We studied the patients retrospectively to test the association between expression of Bcl-2, bcl-6, HIF, HGF, c-kit, neu/cerb2 and VEGF-C, as assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and evaluated by two pathologist. We scored the expression of the proteins from negativ to severe expression. In addition we evaluated the degree of tumor grade, necrosis and also inflamation, respectively. Results: Within 115 patients we found severe expression of bcl-2 in 2 (1%), bcl-6 in 16 (13%), HIF in 57 (49%), HGF in 38 (33%), c-kit in 4 (3%), neu/cerb2 in 17 (14%) and VEGF-C in 11 (9%) patients, respectively. We found significant correlation between bcl-2 and necrosis (p = 0.003), HGF and inflamation (p = 0.05), c-kit and necrosis (p = 0.04), c-kit and tumor grade (p = 0.03) respectively. We found that the significant relation between bcl-6 and HIF (p = 0.000), bcl-6 and HGF (p = 0.02), bcl-6 and c-kit (p = 0.005), bcl-6 and VEGF-C (p = 0.000), HGF and VEGF-C (p = 0.005) respectively. Also we found that the significant correlation between tumor grade and HGF (p = 0.05). Conclusion: These data indicate that assessing expression of bcl-2 or bcl-6, c-kit and HGF is unlikely to be prognostically useful for surgically treated laryngeal carcinoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Nikolaeva, L. I., A. N. Belyavtsev, N. G. Shevchenko, M. D. Stuchinskaya, E. I. Samokhvalov, A. V. Dedova, G. V. Sapronov, N. S. Shastina, and V. V. Kuprianov. "The analysis of immunoreactivity of individual B-cell epitopes of hepatitis C virus (Flaviviridae: Hepacivirus: Hepatitis С virus) NS4a antigen." Problems of Virology 67, no. 3 (July 14, 2022): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-115.
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Introduction. Chronic viral hepatitis C (CHC) is a ubiquitous infectious disease, a significant limitation of which WHO attributes to the use of a new highly effective antiviral therapy. Previously, two B-cell epitopes were identified in NS4a antigen of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It was shown that certain titers of antibodies (ABs) to the extended C-terminal epitope (1687–1718 a.a.) can predict a high probability of achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) to standard therapy with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin.The aim of the work was to determine immunoreactivity of two B-cell epitopes (middle and C-terminal) of NS4a antigen, and to estimate a possible association of ABs to them with the achievement of SVR after standard interferon therapy and treatment with direct antiviral drugs (DAAs) daclatasvir and sofosbuvir (velpanat).Materials and methods. Blood serum samples of patients with CHC (n = 113), of which 55 participants received standard interferon therapy, 50 received velpanate treatment, the remaining 8 received no therapy were examined. The middle B-cell epitope (positions 24–34 a.a.) of NS4a was synthesized by the solid-phase method, while the C-terminal epitope (34–54 a.a.) was obtained using genetically engineered techniques. Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) testing of the sera collected before treatment was performed for the two selected epitopes according to the conventional methods.Results. The antibodies to the C-terminal epitope were detected significantly more frequently than those to the middle one (p = 0.01) when analyzing the blood sera of patients (n = 113). The presence of ABs to the C-terminal epitope in the serum samples of participants who completed standard interferon therapy was associated with the achievement of SVR (p = 0.0245). In the blood sera of participants who completed therapy with velpanate, an association of the presence of ABs to the C-terminal epitope with the achievement of SVR was also established (p < 0.0001). The presence of ABs to the middle B epitope was not associated with the achievement of SVR, regardless of the therapy used.Discussion. The observed difference in the immunoreactivity of the two B-cell determinants may be associated with the localization of the nearest Th-epitopes, the sensitivity of NS4a antigen to proteolytic enzymes, and the peculiarities of epitope presentation by antigen-presenting cells. However, it should be noted that the immunoreactivity of the middle B-epitope is poorly studied. Although the association of ABs to the C-terminal epitope with the achievement of SVR has been shown by several scientific teams, the detailed molecular mechanism of their influence on the effectiveness of therapy is unclear.Conclusion. In CHC, ABs to the C-terminal epitope of NS4a are produced more frequently than those to the median epitope. The presence of ABs to the C-terminal epitope is a predictive marker of a high probability of achieving SVR, regardless of the type of therapy and antibody titer.
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Arini, Mirza Asafaizh, Tri Wahyu Suprayogi, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Trilas Sardjito, Suherni Susilowati, and Indah Norma Triana. "PERANAN VITAMIN B12 DALAM PENGENCER SUSU SKIM KUNING TELUR TERHADAP MOTILITAS DAN VIABILITAS SPERMATOZOA DOMBA SAPUDIPOST THAWING." Ovozoa : Journal of Animal Reproduction 8, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ovz.v8i2.2019.110-115.
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The purpose of this study was to prove that the addition of Vitamin B12 in egg yolk skim milk extender can maintain the motility and viability of post thawing Sapudi sheep spermatozoa. This study used sample of Sapudi sheep fresh semen that was collected with artificial vagina, and divided into 3 different treatments. The control treatment or P0, Sapudi sheep semen was diluted in the egg yolk skim milk extender + vitamin C 0,02 mg / ml, treatment group (P1 and P2), Sapudi sheep semen was diluted in the egg yolk skim milk extender+ vitamin B12 5 μg / ml and grouped in P1, Sapudi sheep semen was diluted in the egg yolk skim milk extender + Vitamin C 0.02 mg / ml + Vitamin B12 5μg / ml and grouped in P2. The data analysis was use One Way Analysis of Variant (ANOVA), then to identify the real difference among the treatments continued with Duncan distance test. The result of data analysis showed that P2 treatment was significantly different (p <0.05) with P1 treatment and P0 treatment or control. While P1 treatment was not significantly different (p> 0,05) with P0 treatment or control. The result showed that the addition of vitamin C 0.02 mg / ml with vitamin B12 5 μg / ml combination in egg yolk skim milk extender was the best addition to maintain the motility and viability of the post thawing Sapudi sheep spermatozoa.
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Madding, Lara S., Joshua K. Michel, Keith R. Shockley, Shannon B. Conners, Kevin L. Epting, Matthew R. Johnson, and Robert M. Kelly. "Role of the β1 Subunit in the Function and Stability of the 20S Proteasome in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01382-06.
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ABSTRACT The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus genome encodes three proteasome component proteins: one α protein (PF1571) and two β proteins (β1-PF1404 and β2-PF0159), as well as an ATPase (PF0115), referred to as proteasome-activating nucleotidase. Transcriptional analysis of the P. furiosus dynamic heat shock response (shift from 90 to 105°C) showed that the β1 gene was up-regulated over twofold within 5 minutes, suggesting a specific role during thermal stress. Consistent with transcriptional data, two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that incorporation of the β1 protein relative to β2 into the 20S proteasome (core particle [CP]) increased with increasing temperature for both native and recombinant versions. For the recombinant enzyme, the β2/β1 ratio varied linearly with temperature from 3.8, when assembled at 80°C, to 0.9 at 105°C. The recombinant α+β1+β2 CP assembled at 105°C was more thermostable than either the α+β1+β2 version assembled at 90°C or the α+β2 version assembled at either 90°C or 105°C, based on melting temperature and the biocatalytic inactivation rate at 115°C. The recombinant CP assembled at 105°C was also found to have different catalytic rates and specificity for peptide hydrolysis, compared to the 90°C assembly (measured at 95°C). Combination of the α and β1 proteins neither yielded a large proteasome complex nor demonstrated any significant activity. These results indicate that the β1 subunit in the P. furiosus 20S proteasome plays a thermostabilizing role and influences biocatalytic properties, suggesting that β subunit composition is a factor in archaeal proteasome function during thermal stress, when polypeptide turnover is essential to cell survival.
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Tanaka, Yuya, Masanori Ono, and Munetaka Akita. "Synthesis and wire-like performance of diruthenium molecular wire with a C≡C-porphyrin-C≡C linker." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 19, no. 01-03 (January 2015): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424615500352.
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A diruthenium complex with a free-base porphyrin linker 1 is synthesized and characterized by 1 H and 31 P NMR, IR, and ESI-TOF-MS spectroscopy. A cyclic voltammogram of 1 shows two reversible waves attributed to the redox processes at the ruthenium centers, and a compropotionation constant (K C ) has been determined to be 1.8 × 105, indicating that a mixed valence state of 1+ is thermodynamically stable. The monocationic complex 1+ obtained by chemical oxidation of 1 by [ Cp 2 Fe ] PF 6 shows an intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) band in the NIR region. On the basis of the electronic coupling ( V ab) of 2644 cm-1 obtained by analysis of the IVCT band, complex 1+• is assigned as a Class III compound according to the Robin–Day classification. DFT calculation and IR study suggest that the strength of π-back donation is one of key determinants for a strong electronic coupling between the two metal centers.
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Castro jimenez, Laura Elizabeth, and Angie Ivonne Grillo Cardenas. "Validez y confiabilidad de la escala de actividad física para adultos con discapacidad física PASIPD-C." Retos, no. 41 (December 17, 2020): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.77430.
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Objetivo: Desarrollar adaptación transcultural y estimación de propiedades escalares (validez apariencia, confiabilidad -consistencia interna- y validez de constructo) de la Escala de Actividad Física para Discapacidad Física (PASIPD). Metodología: Investigación no-experimental observacional, descriptivo-correlacional. La muestra fue de 47 personas con edad promedio de 32.3±11.5 años; 51.1% mujeres vs 48.9% de hombres, de Bogotá, con condiciones crónicas de discapacidad física. Se revisó léxico y redacción de ítems de escala PASIPD adaptándolos a contexto colombiano. Se realizó validación de apariencia (validez facial), posteriormente se piloteó con 21 adultos en condición de discapacidad. Luego, se hizo aplicación de PASIPD-C en ligas y entidades promotoras de actividad física. Análisis se realizó con IBM-SPSS statistic 22. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas (p>.05) en el gasto metabólico estimado entre grupos etarios (F=.342; p=.795), discapacidad congénita vs adquirida (F=2.58; p=.115), tiempo de presentar discapacidad (F=2.702; p=.058) y uso de ayudas técnicas (F=.095; p=.910). Respecto a confiabilidad, Alpha de Cronbach de 0,721, consistencia interna alta. El análisis factorial de componentes principales arrojó una medida de Káiser-Meyer-Olkin de adecuación muestral de .56 que con la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett significativa al dar una p <.001.
Abstract. Objective: To develop cross-cultural adaptation and estimation of scalar properties (appearance validity, reliability -internal consistency- and construct validity) of the Scale of Physical Activity for Physical Disability (PASIPD). Methodology: Non-experimental observational, descriptive-correlational research. The sample consisted of 47 people with an average age of 32.3 ± 11.5 years; 51.1% women vs 48.9% of men, from Bogotá, with chronic conditions of physical disability. The vocabulary and writing of the PASIPD scale items were revised, adapting them to the Colombian context. Appearance validation (facial validity) was performed, later it was piloted with 21 adults with disabilities. Then, PASIPD-C was applied in leagues and entities promoting physical activity. Analysis was performed with IBM-SPSS statistic 22. Results: There were no significant differences (p> .05) in the estimated metabolic output between age groups (F = .342; p = .795), congenital vs acquired disability (F = 2.58; p = .115), time to present disability (F = 2.702; p = .058) and use of technical aids (F = .095; p = .910). Regarding reliability, Cronbach's Alpha of 0.721, high internal consistency. The factor analysis of principal components yielded a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sample adequacy of .56, which with the Bartlett test of sphericity was significant by giving a p <.001.
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Kato, Atsushi, Case Cortese-Grogan, Sue A. Moyer, Fumihiro Sugahara, Takemasa Sakaguchi, Toru Kubota, Noriyuki Otsuki, Masayoshi Kohase, Masato Tashiro, and Yoshiyuki Nagai. "Characterization of the Amino Acid Residues of Sendai Virus C Protein That Are Critically Involved in Its Interferon Antagonism and RNA Synthesis Down-Regulation." Journal of Virology 78, no. 14 (July 15, 2004): 7443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.14.7443-7454.2004.
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ABSTRACT Sendai virus (SeV) encodes two accessory proteins, V and C, in the alternative reading frames in the P gene that are accessed transcriptionally (V) or translationally (C). The C protein is expressed as a nested set of four C-coterminal proteins, C′, C, Y1, and Y2, that use different initiation codons. Using HeLa cell lines constitutively expressing the various C proteins, we previously found that the smallest (the 175-residue Y2) of the four C proteins was fully capable of counteracting the antiviral action of interferons (IFNs) and inhibiting viral RNA synthesis and that the C-terminal half of 106 residues was sufficient for both of these inhibitory functions (A. Kato et al., J. Virol. 75:3802-3810, 2001, and A. Kato et al., J. Virol. 76:7114-7124, 2002). Here, we further generated HeLa cell lines expressing the mutated C (Cm) proteins with charged amino acids substituted for alanine residues at either positions 77 and 80; 114 and 115; 139 and 142; 151, 153, and 154; 156; or 173, 175, and 176. We found that only the mutations at positions 151, 153, and 154 abolished IFN antagonism. All the Cm proteins lost the ability to bind with STAT1 under our assay conditions, regardless of their ability to inhibit IFN signaling. On the other hand, the Cm proteins that altered the tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2 always retained IFN antagonism. Thus, the abnormality of phosphorylation or dephosphorylation appeared to be a cause of the IFN antagonism by SeV C. Regarding viral RNA synthesis inhibition, all mutants but the mutant with replacements at positions 114 and 115 greatly reduced the inhibitory activity, indicating that anti-RNA synthesis by the C protein is governed by amino acids scattered across its C-terminal half. Thus, amino acid sequence requirements differ greatly between IFN antagonism and RNA synthesis inhibition. In addition, we confirmed that another SeV accessory protein, V, does not antagonize IFN.
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Pšemeneckienė, G., K. Petrikonis, and D. Rastenytė. "Interleukinų IL1A ir IL6 genų polimorfizmas: sąsajų su APOE genotipu ir sporadinės Alzheimerio ligos klinikine eiga paieška Interleukin IL1a and IL6 gene polymorphism: search for association with APOE genotype and clinical course of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease." Neurologijos seminarai 23, no. 81 (February 14, 2020): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29014/ns.2019.18.
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Įvadas. Yra duomenų, kad IL1α ir IL6, kaip vienų svarbiausių citokinų, dalyvaujančių neurouždegimo procesuose, genų polimorfizmai yra susiję su Alzheimerio ligos (AL) rizika. Šiame tyrime siekėme įvertinti IL1A -889C>T ir IL6 -174G>C polimorfizmų sąsajas su sporadinės AL rizika APOE ε4 nešiotojams ir APOE rizikos alelio neturintiems asmenims. Taip pat tyrėme IL1A -889C>T ir IL6 -174G>C polimorfizmų sąsajas su AL progresavimo pobūdžiu. Tiriamieji ir tyrimo metodai. Tyrime dalyvavo 110 sergančiųjų sporadine AL ir 115 sutapatintų pagal amžių ir lytį sveikų kontrolinių tiriamųjų, kurių pažinimo funkcijos nesutrikusios (Lietuvos populiacija). IL1A -889C>T (rs1800587) ir IL6 -174G>C (rs1800795, Intro- no tipo) genotipavimas atliktas tikro laiko PGR (TL-PGR) metodu. Rezultatai. IL1A -889C>T genotipų dažniai APOE4+ grupėje (C/C – 52,9 %, C/T – 41,2 %, T/T – 5,9 %), lyginant su APOE4- sergančiaisiais AL (C/C – 55,6 %, C/T – 37,0 %, T/T – 7,4 %), nesiskyrė (p = 0,887). Sergantiems AL pacientams IL6 -174G>C genotipai APOE4+ grupėje (G/G – 11,8 %, G/C – 62,7 %, C/C – 25,5 %) ir APOE4- grupėje (G/G – 14,8 %, G/C – 61,1 %, C/C – 24,1 %) buvo pasiskirstę panašiai (p = 0,898). Genotipų dažniai reikšmingai nesiskyrė sergantiesiems greitai progresuojančia AL, lyginant su lėtai progresuojančia AL (p (IL1A -889C>T) = 0,638; p (IL6 -174G>C) = 0,118). IL1A -889C>T ir IL6 -174G>C polimorfizmų paveldėjimas (dominantinio, overdominantinio ir recesyvinio modeli0), atsižvelgiant į APOE genotipą, reikšmingai nekeitė galimybių santykio sirgti AL (p < 0,05). Lėtai ir greitai progresuojančios AL grupėse IL1A -889C>T ir IL6 -174G>C polimorfizmų paveldėjimas AL galimybei reikšmingos įtakos neturėjo (p < 0,05). Išvados. IL1A -889C>T ir IL6 -174G>C genotipų pasiskirstymas grupėse pagal APOE ε4 ir grupėse pagal AL progresavimo pobūdį reikšmingai nesiskyrė. Reikšmingų IL1A -889C>T ir IL6 -174G>C polimorfizmų sąsajų su AL rizika nei APOE4+, nei APOE4- tiriamiesiems nenustatyta. Mūsų duomenimis, IL1A -889C>T ir IL6 -174G>C polimorfizmų paveldėjimas nesusijęs su spartesniu AL progresavimu.
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Fadillah, Annisa, Laksmi Widajanti, and Sri Achadi Nugraheni. "Hubungan Asupan Gizi dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Status Gizi (Skor z IMT/U) Anak Usia 7-12 Tahun Penyandang Disabilitas Intelektual di Kota Semarang." MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA 19, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.19.2.108-115.
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Latar belakang: Malnutrisi dan disabilitas merupakan masalah utama kesehatan global. Prevalensi anak disabilitas intelektual di Indonesia meningkat dari 0,92 % menjadi 2,45 %. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada hubungan asupan gizi dan aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi anak disabilitas intelektual di Kota Semarang.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling dan dilakukan di SLB Negeri Kota Semarang. Sampel terdiri dari siswa SDLB kelas 1-6 yang berumur 7-12 tahun. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 46 orang.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui status gizi anak disabilitas intelektual tergolong normal (56,5 %). Anak disabilitas intelektual mengalami defisit energi, karbohidrat, lemak, besi, seng, kalsium, iodium, dan vitamin C. Dan memiliki asupan gizi kategori baik untuk asupan protein dan vitamin A. Hasil uji statistik Rank Spearman menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara asupan karbohidrat, besi, seng, kalsium, iodium, vitamin A, vitamin C dan aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi (skor z IMT/U) (p>0,05). Ada hubungan asupan energi dan protein dengan status gizi (skor z IMT/U) (p=0,005, r=0,40; p=0,001, r=0,53) dengan korelasi sedang dan arah positif. Ada hubungan asupan lemak dengan status gizi (skor z IMT/U) (p=0,001, r=-0,4) dengan korelasi sedang dan arah negatif.Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara tingkat kecukupan energi, protein dan lemak dengan status gizi anak penyandang disabilitas intelektual dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat, besi, seng, iodium, kalsium, vitamin A, vitamin C dan aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi anak disabilitas intelektual di Kota Semarang. Kata kunci: Asupan Gizi, Aktivitas Fisik, Status Gizi, Disabilitas Intelektual. ABSTRACT Title: Relationship of nutritional intake and physical activities with nutritional status (score z imt/u ) children age 7-12 years of intellectual disability in semarang city Background: Malnutrition and disability are the main problems of global health. The prevalence of children with intellectual disabilities in Indonesia increased from 0.92% to 2.45%. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional intake and physical activity with the nutritional status of children with intellectual disabilities in the city of Semarang.Method: This was cross sectional research and conducted in Semarang State SLB. The sample consisted of SDLB students in grades 1-6 who were 7-12 years old. The number of samples used was 46 people. Result: Based on the results of the study, it was found that the nutritional status of children with intellectual disabilities was classified as normal (56.5%). Intellectual disability children have deficits in energy, carbohydrate, fat, iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, and vitamin C and have good nutrition for the intake of protein and vitamin A. The results of the Spearman Rank statistical test sowed that there was no relationship between carbohydrate intake, iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, vitamin A, vitamin C and physical activity with nutritional status (BMI/U z score) (p> 0.05). There was correlation between energy and protein intake with nutritional status (IMT / U z score) (p = 0.005, r = 0.40; p = 0.001, r = 0.53) with moderate correlation and positive direction. There was a correlation between fat intake and nutritional status (IMT / U z score) (p = 0.001, r = -0.4) with moderate correlation and negative direction.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of adequacy of energy, protein and fat with the nutritional status of children with intellectual disabilities and there is no relationship between the level of adequacy of carbohydrates, iron, zinc, iodine, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C and physical activity with the nutritional status of children with intellectual disabilities in the City Semarang. Keywords: nutritional intake, physical activity, nutritional status, intellectual disability
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Criollo nuñez, Jenifer, Angelica-Piedad Sandoval-Aldana, and John-Jairo Méndez-Arteaga. "Efecto de la dinámica de tostado sobre las propiedades del licor de copoazú (Theobroma grandiflorum Willd. ex Spreng. Schum.)." Acta Agronómica 69, no. 4 (November 23, 2021): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v69n4.87583.
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En un trabajo conjunto entre la Universidad del Tolima y la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Agrosavia) en el Centro de Nataima, Colombia, se generaron curvas de tostión de almendras de Copoazú (Theobroma grandiflorum) evaluando el efecto del tiempo (20 y 25 minutos) y la temperatura (°C) (115, 120 y 130) sobre las características químicas y sensoriales del licor, catalogado como fino, y del aroma por poseer notas frutales en su perfil sensorial. De igual forma, se determinaron los índices de calidad de la grasa del fruto. Se encontró que, a 130 °C durante 25 minutos se generaron variaciones significativas (P < 0.05) en parámetros químicos como contenido de azúcares totales, proteína y grasa, los que decrecieron 62.7, 47.99 y 40.7%, respectivamente, en comparación con los mismos parámetros encontrados en el tratamiento control sin horneado. Los tratamientos evaluados mostraron que las almendras de copoazú son sensibles a altas temperaturas, presentando defectos sensoriales como aroma quemado en almendras tostadas a 130 °C y 120 °C. Las almendras tostadas a 115 °C presentaron aromas característicos a frutal, floral, nuez y dulce. El mejor tratamiento para almendras de copoazú fue de 115 °C por 25 minutos, logrando con él la mejor expresión sensorial y las menores pérdidas de macronutrientes de la pasta, sin efecto negativo sobre la calidad de la grasa.
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McGuire, Miranda R., Jenelle Dunckelberger, John Eggert, Allan P. Schinckel, and Egbert Knol. "PSIII-3 Effect of Day of Induction on Sow and Piglet Performance." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.406.
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Abstract Induction can be a useful herd management tool. However, inducing too early can negatively impact critical biological processes for the sow and her piglets. Although inducing at 115 d of gestation is widely accepted for commercial sows, the natural gestation length of purebred lines can exceed 115 days. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the effect of induction at 115 vs. 117 d of gestation on the performance of purebred sows and their piglets. Purebred Landrace females from a commercial multiplier were used for this study. Sows were mated to one of the following genetic lines: A, B, or C. Of the 601 sows placed on test, 264 and 135 sows farrowed as a result of induction at 115 or 117 days of gestation, respectively. From these 399 sows, piglets sired by line C (n=1,715) were used for subsequent analyses. Traits of the sow analyzed included: percent stillborn, sow mortality (from 0 to 24 days post-farrowing), and removal rate (between farrowing and weaning). Traits of the piglet analyzed included: weaning weight, lactation ADG, and pre-weaning mortality. All traits were analyzed using a generalized linear model, except for mortality and removal rate, which were analyzed using a LOGIT model. Piglets from the 117 group had significantly greater weaning weight (P=0.02), significantly greater ADG (P=0.0009), and numerically lower pre-weaning mortality (P=0.16) than piglets from the 115 group. Sows induced at 117 days of gestation had numerically lower percent stillborn, lower mortality, and lower removal rate than sows induced at 115 days of gestation, although not significant (P=0.13, P=0.48, and P=0.50, respectively). In conclusion, there was a numerically or significantly favorable effect of inducing sows at 117 vs. 115 d of gestation on both sow performance and early-life piglet performance.
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Атанов, Артем Викторович, Artem Viktorovich Atanov, Александр Васильевич Лобода, and Alexandr Vasil'evich Loboda. "Разложимые пятимерные алгебры Ли в задаче о голоморфной однородности в $\mathbb{C}^3$." Итоги науки и техники. Серия «Современная математика и ее приложения. Тематические обзоры» 173 (December 2019): 86–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.36535/0233-6723-2019-173-86-115.
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В связи с задачей описания голоморфно-однородных вещественных гиперповерхностей пространства $\mathbb{C}^3$ изучаются пятимерные вещественные алгебры Ли, реализуемые как алгебры голоморфных векторных полей на таких многообразиях. Доказано, что если на голоморфно однородной вещественной гиперповерхности $M$ пространства $\mathbb{C}^3$ имеется разложимая разрешимая пятимерная алгебра Ли голоморфных векторных полей, имеющая полный ранг вблизи некоторой точки $P \in M$, то эта поверхность либо вырождена по Леви (вблизи $P$), либо является голоморфным образом аффинно-однородной поверхности.
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Ryan, Charles J., Mark Rosenthal, Siobhan Ng, Joshi J. Alumkal, Joel Picus, Gwenaelle Gravis, Karim Fizazi, et al. "A multicenter, randomized phase II study of rilotumumab (R) (AMG 102) or placebo (Pbo) plus mitoxantrone (M) and prednisone (P) in patients (pts) with previously treated castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2012): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.115.
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115 Background: R is an investigational, fully human monoclonal antibody to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) that prevents HGF binding to the c-Met receptor. We conducted a 3-arm, double-blind, randomized phase 2 study to examine the safety and estimate the efficacy of adding R to MP in CRPC pts. Methods: Eligible pts (≥ 18 years) had progressive CRPC, prior taxane-based chemotherapy, and ECOG PS ≤ 1. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), PSA response, pharmacokinetics (PK), and safety. Pts were randomized 1:1:1 to R (15 mg/kg IV Q3W) + MP (12 mg/m2 IV Q3W, 5 mg BID orally) [Arm A]; R (7.5 mg/kg IV Q3W) + MP [Arm B]; or Pbo + MP [Arm C] for up to 12 cycles. Results: 142 pts (Arms A/B/C: 45/48/49 pts) were enrolled between March 10, 2009 and December 2, 2009. Median age: 67/67/69 yrs; ECOG PS 1: 69/71/61%; progression during prior taxane therapy: 51/54/47%. Most common reason for discontinuation was disease progression (60/58/69%). Efficacy is shown in the table. R + MP showed no statistically significant difference in OS. Adverse events (AE) with ≥ 5% difference in Arms A + B vs C included peripheral edema, 24/8%; nausea, 44/35%; mucosal inflammation, 8/0%; rash, 8/0%; arthralgia, 16/8%; neutropenia, 16/8%. Grade 5 AE: cardiac arrest, pulmonary embolism, septic shock (1 each in Arm B). R showed linear PK with mean (SD) steady state Cmin of 251 (100) and 127 (35) μg/mL and Cmax of 609 (126) and 297 (75) μg/mL in Arms A and B. R did not affect PK of M. Conclusions: R + MP was well tolerated with no unexpected toxicities. R + MP showed no significant improvements in OS, PFS, and PSA response. [Table: see text]
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Lytle, Jason R., Tara Price, Stephen F. Crouse, Dana R. Smith, Rosemary L. Walzem, and Stephen B. Smith. "Consuming High-Fat and Low-Fat Ground Beef Depresses High-Density and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations, and Reduces Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Abundance." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020337.
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We hypothesized that consumption of high-fat (HF) ground beef (24% fat) would not affect plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), whereas low-fat (LF) ground beef (5% fat) would decrease HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations. In a randomized 2-period crossover, controlled feeding trial, 25 men (mean age and body mass index, 40 years and 31.2) consumed 115-g HF or LF patties, 5/week for 5 weeks with a 4-week washout. The HF treatment increased % energy from fat (p = 0.006) and saturated fat (p = 0.004) and tended (p = 0.060) to depress % energy from carbohydrates. The HF and LF treatments decreased the plasma concentrations of HDL-C (p = 0.001) and LDL-C (p = 0.011). Both ground beef treatments decreased the abundance of HDL3a and increased the abundance of HDL3 (p ≤ 0.003); the LF treatment also decreased the abundance of HDL2b and HDL2a (p ≤ 0.012). The HF and LF treatments decreased the abundance of LDL3 and LDL4 (p ≤ 0.024) and the HF treatment also decreased LDL5 (p = 0.041). Contrary to our hypothesis, the HF treatment decreased plasma HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations despite increased saturated fat intake, and both treatments decreased the abundance of smaller, denser LDL subfractions.
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Takahashi, Kenya, Yu Kitaoka, Ken Yamamoto, Yutaka Matsunaga, and Hideo Hatta. "Oral Lactate Administration Additively Enhances Endurance Training-Induced Increase in Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity in Mouse Soleus Muscle." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030770.
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We tested the hypothesis that oral lactate supplementation increases mitochondrial enzyme activity given the potential role of lactate for inducing mitochondrial biogenesis. In this study, mice were assigned to a saline-ingested sedentary group (S+S; n = 8), a lactate-ingested sedentary group (L+S; n = 9), a saline-ingested training group (S+T; n = 8), and a lactate-ingested training group (L+T; n = 8). Mice in the S+S and S+T groups received saline, whereas mice in the L+S and L+T groups received sodium lactate (equivalent to 5 g/kg of body weight) via oral gavage 5 days a week for 4 weeks. At 30 min after the ingestion, mice in the S+T and L+T groups performed endurance training (treadmill running, 20 m/min, 30 min, 5 days/week). At 30 min after lactate ingestion, the blood lactate level reached peak value (5.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L) in the L+S group. Immediately after the exercise, blood lactate level was significantly higher in the L+T group (9.3 ± 0.9 mmol/L) than in the S+T group (2.7 ± 0.3 mmol/L) (p < 0.01). Following a 4-week training period, a main effect of endurance training was observed in maximal citrate synthase (CS) (p < 0.01; S+T: 117 ± 3% relative to S+S, L+T: 110 ± 3%) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities (p < 0.01; S+T: 126 ± 4%, L+T: 121 ± 4%) in the plantaris muscle. Similarly, there was a main effect of endurance training in maximal CS (p < 0.01; S+T: 105 ± 3%, L+T: 115 ± 2%) and COX activities (p < 0.01; S+T: 113 ± 3%, L+T: 122 ± 3%) in the soleus muscle. In addition, a main effect of oral lactate ingestion was found in maximal COX activity in the soleus (p < 0.05; L+S: 109 ± 3%, L+T: 122 ± 3%) and heart muscles (p < 0.05; L+S: 107 ± 3%, L+T: 107 ± 2.0%), but not in the plantaris muscle. Our results suggest that lactate supplementation may be beneficial for increasing mitochondrial enzyme activity in oxidative phenotype muscle.
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Jacobson, Peter C., Heinz G. Stefan, and Donald L. Pereira. "Coldwater fish oxythermal habitat in Minnesota lakes: influence of total phosphorus, July air temperature, and relative depth." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 12 (December 2010): 2002–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-115.
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An empirical model was developed that describes the influence of lake productivity, climate, and morphometry on coldwater fish oxythermal habitat. An oxythermal habitat variable called temperature at 3 mg·L–1 of dissolved oxygen (TDO3) was developed by interpolating the water temperature at a benchmark oxygen concentration (3 mg·L–1) from a temperature–oxygen profile. Coldwater habitat was most available in the least productive lakes (total P < 25 µg·L–1) with the greatest relative depths (geometry ratios < 2 m–0.5) and where mean July air temperatures were less than 17 °C. Species response curves were developed from values of TDO3 measured during the greatest period of oxythermal stress in late summer (maxTDO3). Lake trout was present in lakes with the lowest values of maxTDO3, while cisco was present in lakes with the highest and broadest range of maxTDO3. Projections for a scenario where climate warming (+4 °C in mean July air temperature) was accompanied by eutrophication (doubling of total P) indicated that coldwater fish oxythermal habitat would be devastated in a subset of lakes typical for Minnesota. Protecting deep, unproductive lakes from eutrophication will be a necessary management strategy to ensure that coldwater fish persist in at least some Minnesota lakes after climate warming.
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MEEJOO, S., N. UDOMKAN, P. WINOTAI, and Y. CHAIMANEE. "ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDIES OF Mn2+ IN FRESHWATER SNAIL SHELLS: S. INGALLSIANA, P. AMPULLACEA, P. CANALICULATA LAMARCK AND FOSSILIZED SNAIL SHELL." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 26 (October 30, 2004): 3419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204026688.
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We have studied paramagnetic Mn 2+ ions present in the shells of today's univalve freshwater snails, Sinotaia ingallsiana (FS), Pila ampullaceal (PA), Pomacea canaliculata lamarck (PCL) and the fossilized freshwater snail (FFS), Viviparus which are abundant in Thailand. The FS, PA and AG shells in our study were ground into fine powder. A set of seven samples was each then separately annealed for 2 hours in air atmosphere at 300°C, 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, 550°C, 600°C and 900°C, respectively, while the FFS powder was characterized as received. The FS, PA and PCL shells mainly consist of aragonite and a fraction of calcite. The heat treatments higher than 450°C of the FS, PA and PCL powder samples resulted in an irreversible phase transformation from aragonite to calcite. However, it is found that the FFS shell is mainly made of calcite, with a minor fraction of aragonite. The crystal structure of high temperature annealed FS, PA and PCL samples are quite similar to that of FFS, which indicates that the metamorphosis (aragonite → calcite) in the FFS shell had occurred but not yet completed, although they remained under the pressure and temperature of the Earth's crust over millions of years. Our detailed ESR spectral analyses of FS, PA, PCL and FFS show that Mn 2+ ions enter Ca 2+ sites during a biomineralization process. Typical simulated ESR parameters of FS-500 of Mn 2+ at a uniaxial site of calcite are gx=gy=2.078±0.001, gz=2.002±0.001, Ax=Ay=87.50±1.00 G , Az=89.00±1.00 G and D=115±1 G , respectively. It is surprising to find that the ratio of Mn 2+ concentration present in FFS to those in FS, PA and PCL shells evaluated from ESR spectra is as much as 10:1. It is thus possible to gain some insight of manganese incorporation into the freshwater shells during the biomineralization process.
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Toner, M. M., M. N. Sawka, W. L. Holden, and K. B. Pandolf. "Comparison of thermal responses between rest and leg exercise in water." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.1.248.
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This study examined both the thermal and metabolic responses of individuals in cool (30 degrees C, n = 9) and cold (18 degrees C, n = 7; 20 degrees C, n = 2) water. Male volunteers were immersed up to the neck for 1 h during both seated rest (R) and leg exercise (LE). In 30 degrees C water, metabolic rate (M) remained unchanged over time during both R (115 W, 60 min) and LE (528 W, 60 min). Mean skin temperature (Tsk) declined (P less than 0.05) over 1 h during R, while Tsk was unchanged during LE. Rectal (Tre) and esophageal (Tes) temperatures decreased (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tre, -0.5 degrees C; delta Tes, -0.3 degrees C) and increased (P less than 0.05) during LE (delta Tre, 0.4 degrees C; Tsk, 0.4 degrees C). M, Tsk, Tre, and Tes were higher (P less than 0.05) during LE compared with R. In cool water, all regional heat flows (leg, chest, and arm) were generally greater (P less than 0.05) during LE than R. In cold water, M increased (P less than 0.05) over 1 h during R but remained unchanged during LE. Tre decreased (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tre, -0.8 degrees C) but was unchanged during LE. Tes declined (P less than 0.05) during R (delta Tes, -0.4 degrees C) but increased (P less than 0.05) during LE (delta Tes, 0.2 degrees C). M, Tre, and Tes were higher (P less than 0.05), whereas Tsk was not different during LE compared with R at 60 min.
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Govindan, Sujatha, Noor Ahmad Shaik, Bhavani Vedicherla, Vijayalakshmi Kodati, Kaipa Prabhakar Rao, and Qurratulain Hasan. "Estrogen Receptor-αgene (T/C) Pvu II Polymorphism in Endometriosis and Uterine Fibroids." Disease Markers 26, no. 4 (2009): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/580260.
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Endometriosis and fibroids are estrogen-dependent benign pathologies of the uterus, which account for infertility and pelvic pain along with dysmenorrhea in women. Suppression of the disease and recurrence after discontinuing hormone therapy strongly suggests that these are responsive to hormones, especially estrogen, which acts via its receptor. A T/C SNP in intron 1 and exon 2 boundary of estrogen receptor (ER)αgene recognized by PvuII enzyme has been associated with several female pathologies like breast cancer, osteoporosis, endometriosis and fibroids in various ethnic groups. The aim of the present study was to assess this ERαT/C polymorphism in endometriosis and fibroid patients from Asian Indian population. Genomic DNA was isolated from 367 women, who included 110 cases of endometriosis, 142 cases of uterine fibroids and 115 healthy age matched women volunteers. PCR was carried out to amplify ERαgene followed by restriction digestion with Pvu II. Results indicate a significant association of C allele with both endometriosis [OR = 2.6667, 95% CI = 1.4166 to 5.0199;p< 0.05] and fibroids [2.0833, 95% CI = 1.1327 to 3.8319;p< 0.05]. Further studies are needed in larger population to establish ERαC allele as a risk marker for endometriosis and fibroids in Asian Indian women. Ethnicity, race, diet etc may play a role in susceptibility to endometriosis and fibroids and further studies are warranted in this area.
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Jung, Yangjin, Christopher L. Rupert, Benjamin Chapman, Anna C. S. Porto Fett, and John B. Luchansky. "Assessment of Microbiological Safety and Quality of Marinades Used To Treat Beef and That Were Collected over a 12-Month Period from Specialty Retailers Near Raleigh, North Carolina." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-396.
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ABSTRACT In total, 115 marinade samples (58 fresh marinades and 57 spent marinades) were collected over 12 months from specialty retailers (four individual stores) near Raleigh, NC. These marinades were screened for total mesophilic aerobic plate count (M-APC), total psychrotrophic aerobic plate count (P-APC), and Enterobacteriaceae. These marinades were also screened for the seven regulated serogroups of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli. Stores A and B used immersion to marinade raw beef cuts, whereas stores C-1 and C-2 used vacuum tumbling. In general, marinade temperatures at the stores ranged from 1.8 to 6.6°C, and beef cuts were marinated from a few minutes to up to 3 days. Regardless of the process used to marinade meat, levels of M-APC and P-APC in fresh marinades ranged from 3.4 to 4.7 and 1.4 to 1.8 log CFU/mL, respectively, whereas Enterobacteriaceae were not detected in any fresh marinades, even after enrichment. However, levels of M-APC, P-APC, and Enterobacteriaceae in spent marinades collected from stores C-1 and C-2 (ca. 3.6 to 7.1 log CFU/mL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with levels of these same types of bacteria enumerated from spent marinades collected at stores A and B (ca. ≤0.7 to 4.9 log CFU/mL). None of the 115 marinade samples tested positive for Shiga toxin–producing E. coli by using a BAX system real-time PCR assay. No significant (P > 0.05) association was observed between microbial levels (i.e., M-APC, P-APC, and Enterobacteriaceae) and the temperature or duration of the marination process. Levels of M-APC, P-APC, and Enterobacteriaceae in spent marinades were significantly affected by the marination method (P < 0.05), with levels, in general, being higher in marinades used for tumbling. Thus, retailers must continue to keep marinade solutions and meat at a safe temperature (i.e., ≤4°C) and to properly and frequently sanitize the equipment and environment in both the processing area and deli case.
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Loureiro, B., A. M. Brad, and P. J. Hansen. "133 ROLE OF CASPASE-9 AND STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT IN INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS BY HEAT SHOCK AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-α IN BOVINE PRE-IMPLANTATION EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab133.
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Heat shock and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) can increase apoptosis in bovine embryos in a developmental-dependent manner. It was hypothesized that addition of the caspase-9 inhibitor, z-LEHD-fmk, would block induction of apoptosis caused by heat shock of 41°C and TNF-α. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that the magnitude of induced apoptosis would increase with stage of development. Embryos were collected on day 4, 5, and 6 after in vitro insemination and were cultured for 24 h in the presence of either 100 μm z-LEHD-fmk reconstituted in 0.5% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide or vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide at either (1) 38.5°C for 24 h (control), (2) 41°C for 15 h followed by 38.5°C for 9 h, or (3) 38.5°C for 24 h with 10 ng/mL murine TNF-α. Embryos were then fixed, and the proportion of blastomeres undergoing apoptosis was determined using TUNEL labeling. Heat shock did not increase the percentage of blastomeres that were TUNEL-positive (% apoptosis) at day 4 (n = 100 embryos total). In contrast, heat shock increased % apoptosis at day 5 and day 6 (P < 0.04) and this effect was blocked by z-LEHD-fmk (temperature × inhibitor, P < 0.04). At day 5, % apoptosis in the absence and presence of z-LEHD-fmk was 3.8 ± 1.9% and 3.7 ± 1.7% at 38.5°C vs. 8.9 ± 1.5% and 4.1 ± 1.7% at 41°C (n = 75 embryos total). At day 6, % apoptosis in the absence and presence of z-LEHD-fmk was 3.6 ± 1.1% and 3.7 ± 1.2% at 38.5°C vs. 11.1 ± 1.1% and 6.1 ± 1.2% at 41°C (n = 168 embryos total). Mean cell number at the end of culture ranged from 21 to 26 cells at day 4, 43 to 73 cells at day 5, and 101 to 114 cells at day 6. Treatment with TNF-α also increased apoptosis at all days (P < 0.01), and z-LEHD-fmk blocked this effect (TNF × inhibitor, P = 0.05; n = 361 embryos total). Across days, % apoptosis was 3.6 ± 1.4% (control), 3.3 ± 1.3% (inhibitor), 11.1 ± 1.3% (TNF-α), and 6.0 ± 1.4% (TNF-α + inhibitor). Mean cell number at the end of culture ranged from 21 to 27 cells at day 4, 59 to 74 cells at day 5, and 105 to 115 cells at day 6. In conclusion, activation of caspase-9 dependent pathways is involved in the induction of apoptosis by heat shock and TNF-α. Moreover, the magnitude of induced apoptosis increases as embryos advance in development. This work was supported by USDA Grant No. 2004–34135–14715 and BARD Grant No. US–3551–04.
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Postel, E. H., S. E. Mango, and S. J. Flint. "A nuclease-hypersensitive element of the human c-myc promoter interacts with a transcription initiation factor." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 11 (November 1989): 5123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.11.5123-5133.1989.
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Transcription of the human c-myc oncogene is elaborately regulated, but the relevant molecular mechanisms are not yet understood. To begin to define elements and enzyme systems responsible for c-myc transcription in vitro, we partially purified a transcription factor essential for efficient and accurate in vitro initiation from the principal myc promoter, P2. DNA mobility shift assays located the factor binding domain at -142 to -115 with respect to the P1 promoter. This region contains pur/pyr sequences (predominantly purines in one strand), nuclease-hypersensitive sites (U. Siebenlist, L. Henninghausen, J. Battey, and P. Leder, Cell 37:381-391, 1984; C. Boles and M. Hogan, Biochemistry 26:367-376, 1987), and a triple-helix-forming element (M. Cooney, G. Czernuszewicz, E. Postel, S. Flint, and M. Hogan, Science 241:456-459, 1988). Methylation interference mapping established that the factor, termed PuF, directly contacts the repeated palindromic sequence GGGTGGG of the -142/-115 element. The interaction of PuF with this cis-acting element is necessary for P2 transcription in vitro, for (i) deletion of this 5' region from the myc promoter greatly reduced transcription efficiency and (ii) a synthetic duplex oligonucleotide corresponding to the -142/-115 sequence completely repressed c-myc transcription in the presence of the partially purified factor. These observations lend support to the hypothesis that pur/pyr sequences perform important biological roles in the regulation of c-myc gene expression, most likely by serving as transcription factor binding sites.
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Postel, E. H., S. E. Mango, and S. J. Flint. "A nuclease-hypersensitive element of the human c-myc promoter interacts with a transcription initiation factor." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 11 (November 1989): 5123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.11.5123.
Full textAbstract:
Transcription of the human c-myc oncogene is elaborately regulated, but the relevant molecular mechanisms are not yet understood. To begin to define elements and enzyme systems responsible for c-myc transcription in vitro, we partially purified a transcription factor essential for efficient and accurate in vitro initiation from the principal myc promoter, P2. DNA mobility shift assays located the factor binding domain at -142 to -115 with respect to the P1 promoter. This region contains pur/pyr sequences (predominantly purines in one strand), nuclease-hypersensitive sites (U. Siebenlist, L. Henninghausen, J. Battey, and P. Leder, Cell 37:381-391, 1984; C. Boles and M. Hogan, Biochemistry 26:367-376, 1987), and a triple-helix-forming element (M. Cooney, G. Czernuszewicz, E. Postel, S. Flint, and M. Hogan, Science 241:456-459, 1988). Methylation interference mapping established that the factor, termed PuF, directly contacts the repeated palindromic sequence GGGTGGG of the -142/-115 element. The interaction of PuF with this cis-acting element is necessary for P2 transcription in vitro, for (i) deletion of this 5' region from the myc promoter greatly reduced transcription efficiency and (ii) a synthetic duplex oligonucleotide corresponding to the -142/-115 sequence completely repressed c-myc transcription in the presence of the partially purified factor. These observations lend support to the hypothesis that pur/pyr sequences perform important biological roles in the regulation of c-myc gene expression, most likely by serving as transcription factor binding sites.
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Turner, Stephen T., Gary L. Schwartz, Arlene B. Chapman, and Eric Boerwinkle. "Antihypertensive Pharmacogenetics: The C825T Polymorphism of G-Protein β 3 Subunit ( GNB3 ) Is Associated with Greater Blood Pressure (BP) Response to Diuretic Therapy in Essential Hypertension (EHT)." Hypertension 36, suppl_1 (October 2000): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hyp.36.suppl_1.684-c.
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37 Knowledge of genetic factors that influence pharmacodynamics of responses to antihypertensive drugs may provide insights into molecular mechanisms contributing to elevation of BP and response to treatment. The T-allele of the C825T polymorphism of the gene coding for the G-protein β 3 subunit ( GNB3 ) has been associated with increased Na + -H + exchange and low plasma renin in individuals with EHT. Moreover, diminished counterregulatory activity of the renin-angiotensin system has been associated with greater BP declines in response to negative sodium balance induced by diuretic therapy. To assess the possible influence of GNB3 genotype on BP response to diuretic therapy, we measured the C825T polymorphism in community-based samples of 204 blacks (139 women, 65 men) and 192 whites (77 women, 115 men) with EHT (mean age=48±7 years) who underwent monotherapy with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) for 4 weeks. In univariate analyses, the TT genotype was significantly associated with lower plasma renin activity ( p <0.001) and higher plasma aldosterone concentration ( p <0.019). In addition, mean declines in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 6±2 mmHg ( p <0.001) and 5±1 mmHg ( p <0.001) greater, respectively, in TT than in CC homozygotes. Responses in heterozygotes were intermediate between homozygote groups. Other univariate predictors of greater declines in both SBP and DBP were higher pretreatment BP ( p <0.001), black race ( p <0.001), female gender ( p <0.005), older age ( p ≤0.064), lower waist/hip ratio (p≤0.087), and lower plasma renin activity ( p <0.001). Even after considering effects of these other predictors, the TT genotype remained associated with greater declines in SBP ( p <0.058) and DBP ( p <0.001). Thus, the C825T polymorphism of GNB3 may help identify individuals with EHT who are more responsive to diuretic therapy and may have Na + -dependent BP elevation.
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Harrington, Kevin Joseph, Danny Rischin, Richard Greil, Denis Soulieres, Makoto Tahara, Gilberto Castro, Amanda Psyrri, et al. "KEYNOTE-048: Progression after the next line of therapy following pembrolizumab (P) or P plus chemotherapy (P+C) vs EXTREME (E) as first-line (1L) therapy for recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 6505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.6505.
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6505 Background: 1L P vs E improved OS in PD-L1 CPS ≥20 and CPS ≥1 populations, and led to noninferior OS in the total population, with favorable safety; 1L P+C vs E had superior OS in CPS ≥20, CPS ≥1, and total populations with comparable safety in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-048 study (NCT02358031) in patients with R/M HNSCC. Neither P vs E nor P+C vs E improved PFS in the PD-L1 CPS ≥20, CPS ≥1, or total populations. Here, we present the progression after the next line of therapy (PFS2) to assess the effect of 1L P or P+C and subsequent anticancer therapy on patient outcomes. Methods: Patients with locally incurable R/M HNSCC and no prior systemic therapy in the R/M setting were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to P, P+C, or E. PFS2 was defined as time from randomization to objective tumor progression on next-line therapy or death from any cause. PFS2 was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method as an exploratory outcome confined to those receiving subsequent therapy after 1L P. HR and 95% CIs were based on a Cox regression model with Efron’s method of tie handling with treatment as a covariate (stratified by ECOG performance status [PS], HPV status, and PD-L1 for CPS ≥1 and total populations; by ECOG PS and HPV status for CPS ≥20 population). Data cutoff: Feb 25, 2019. Results: Of 882 (301 [P]; 281 [P+C]; 300 [E]) treated patients,422 (P: 148 [49.2%]; P+C: 115 [40.9%]; E: 159 [53.0%]) received subsequent anticancer therapy after 1L P, most commonly C (P: 135 [44.9%]; P+C: 88 [31.3%]; E: 102 [34.0%]); EGFR inhibitor (P: 59 [19.6%]; P+C: 37 [13.2%]; E: 19 [6.3%]); and immune checkpoint inhibitor (P: 6 [2.0%]; P+C: 12 [4.3%]; E: 50 [16.7%]); patients may have received more than one type of subsequent therapy. Median PFS2 is reported in Table. Conclusions: In patients with R/M HNSCC, longer median PFS2 was observed in the CPS ≥20 and CPS ≥1 populations for P vs E, and in the CPS ≥20, CPS ≥1, and total populations for P+C vs E. These data further support use of 1L P or P+C in patients with R/M HNSCC. Clinical trial information: NCT02358031 . [Table: see text]
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Ozan, Zeynep Tugba, Nermin Tanik, and Levent Ertugrul Inan. "Constipation is associated with tension type headache in women." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 77, no. 3 (March 2019): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190015.
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ABSTRACT Tension-type headaches (TTH) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are comorbid diseases affecting, especially, women. One of the underlying mechanisms for both is autonomic dysfunction in the brain-gut axis. We aimed to evaluate the factors accompanying TTH and their relation to functional gastrointestinal disorders. Methods: Women diagnosed with TTH were questioned about headache pattern and severity, and accompanying factors, as well as being screened for IBS according to the Rome III criteria. The participants were divided into two groups: constipation-dominant IBS (IBS-C) group and “others”, with a total of 115 individuals included in the study. Results: Of the 115 patients; 48 (41.8%) of the women had IBS-C criteria while 67 (58.2%) described mixed-type IBS or diarrhea-dominant IBS. There were no significant differences in terms of mean age (p = 0.290), body mass index (p = 0.212), visual analog scale (p = 0.965), duration of attacks (p = 0.692), and episodic/chronic type (p = 0.553). Osmophobia was seen in 43.5%; phonophobia in 68.7%, and photophobia in 47.0% of the patients, and only osmophobia was significantly associated in women in the IBS-C group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In female patients with TTH, a higher level of constipation was detected. The relationship of these two diseases suggests that they may share common mechanisms. This is the first study showing the relationship of osmophobia with constipation.
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Ananina, O., and Elena Severina. "P-V Centers Behavior in Diamond C(111) Subsurface Layers." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 17, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.17.1.48-52.
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Quantum-chemical modeling is used to study the dependence of spin states, geometrical, electronic and energy characteristics of P-V center from its location on the surface of the diamond C(111). The (111) surface of diamond crystal is found to affect the geometrical parameters, charge characteristics and spin density distribution of P-V centers.
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Banerjee, S., S. N. Ganguli, A. Gurtu, R. Raghavan, K. Shankar, Y. Goldschmidt-Clermont, R. T. Ross, et al. "Inclusive ∑±(1385) production inK − p interactions at 110 GeV/c." Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 31, no. 3 (September 1986): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01588037.
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Bermúdez, Valmore, Wheeler Torres, Juan Salazar, María Sofía Martínez, Edward Rojas, Luis Carlos Olivar, Victor Lameda, et al. "Non-HDL cholesterol is better than LDL-c at predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors clustering, even in subjects with near-to-normal triglycerides: A report from a Venezuelan population." F1000Research 7 (April 26, 2018): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13005.1.
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Background:Non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) has emerged as an important tool in primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), especially among those at high risk. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of non-HDL-c for the coexistence aggregation of multiple ASCVD risk factors and compare this with LDL-c in general subjects with normal or near normal triglycerides from Maracaibo city in Venezuela.Methods:This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a randomized multistage sampling. 2026 subjects were selected for this study, all were adults ≥18 years old of both genders and inhabitants of Maracaibo city, Venezuela. A complete history and physical medical assessment was performed. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the odds ratio (CI95%) for the coexistence of multiple risk factors for ASCVD.Results:The median (p25-p75) of non-HDL-c was 143 mg/dL (114-174 mg/dL). 52.1% (n=1056) of the sample were women, with a median of 144 mg/dL (115-174 mg/dL) among women and 143 mg/dL (114-17 4mg/dL) among men; p=0.740. Individuals ≥50 years old, smokers, those with hypertension, obesity, diabetes, high waist circumference and elevated hs-C Reactive Protein, all had higher levels of non-HDL-c. A lower median was observed among those <30 years of age with elevated physical activity levels in their leisure time. Non-HDL-c between 130-159 mg/dL (OR=2.44; CI 95%=1.48-4.02; p<0.001) and ≥160 mg/dL (OR=3.28; CI 95%=1.72-6.23; p<0.001) was associated with greater risk of coexistent multiple risk factors for ASCVD, albeit LDL-c was not significant in the multivariate model.Conclusions:Elevated non-HDL-c was associated with conglomeration of multiple risk factors for ASCVD. This suggests evaluation of non-HDL-c may be of better utility in primary care for early identification of subjects for high risk of ASCVD. Future research might focus on the influence of non-HDL-c in cardiovascular mortality.
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Whittall, Ian R., Mark G. Humphrey, and David C. R. Hockless. "Structural Systematics of Metal Acetylide Complexes: X-Ray Studies of Some 'Extended-Chain' Gold σ-Acetylide Complexes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 10 (1997): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97049.
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The structures of Au(4-C≡CC6H4XYC6H4-4′-NO2)(PPh3) (XY = (E )-CH=CH (1), (Z)-CH=CH (2), C≡C (3), N=CH (4)) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, refining by full-matrix least-squares analysis. For (1), crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a8·847(1), b 17·870(4), c 19·705(3) Å, α116·25(1), β 93·33(1), γ 92·64(2)˚, Z 4, 6747 unique reflections (703 parameters), converging at R 0·025 and Rw 0·029. For (2), crystals are monoclinic, space group P 21/a, with a 10·718(6), b 19·398(5), c14·469(3) Å, β 108·96(2)˚, Z 4, 3295 unique reflections (352 parameters), converging atR 0·040 and Rw 0·034. For (3), crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a 10·671(4), b 17·599(7), c 18·220(8) Å, α 116·31(3), β 105·00(4), γ 95·08(4)˚, Z 4, 4828 unique reflections (703 parameters), converging at R 0·043 and Rw 0·030. For (4), crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a 8·8314(6), b 17·834(2), c 20·001(2) Å, α 115·249(7), β 90·930(7), γ 94·082(7)˚, Z 4, 4724 unique reflections (703 parameters), converging at R 0·035 and Rw 0·034. Despite the [ligated metal donor]-bridge-[nitro acceptor] composition of these complexes, Au–C and C≡C distances are normal and consistent with minimal allenylidene contribution to the ground-state geometry. Within the 3σ confidence limits, the structural data do not provide evidence for π*-back-bonding in these complexes
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Hayes, Mark, Paul C. Castle, Emma Z. Ross, and Neil S. Maxwell. "The Influence of Hot Humid and Hot Dry Environments on Intermittent-Sprint Exercise Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 3 (May 2014): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0247.
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Purpose:To examine the effect of a hot humid (HH) compared with a hot dry (HD) environment, matched for heat stress, on intermittent-sprint performance. In comparison with HD, HH environments compromise evaporative heat loss and decrease exercise tolerance. It was hypothesized that HH would produce greater physiological strain and reduce intermittent-sprint exercise performance compared with HD.Method:Eleven male team-sport players completed the cycling intermittent-sprint protocol (CISP) in 3 conditions, temperate (TEMP; 21.2°C ± 1.3°C, 48.6% ± 8.4% relative humidity [rh]), HH (33.7°C ± 0.5°C, 78.2% ± 2.3% rh), and HD (40.2°C ± 0.2°C, 33.1% ± 4.9% rh), with both heat conditions matched for heat stress.Results:All participants completed the CISP in TEMP, but 3 failed to completed the full protocol of 20 sprints in HH and HD. Peak power output declined in all conditions (P < .05) but was not different between any condition (sprints 1–14 [N = 11]: HH 1073 ± 150 W, HD 1104 ± 127 W, TEMP, 1074 ± 134; sprints 15–20 [N = 8]: HH 954 ± 114 W, HD 997 ± 115 W, TEMP 993 ± 94; P > .05). Physiological strain was not significantly different in HH compared with HD, but HH was higher than TEMP (P < .05).Conclusion:Intermittent-sprint exercise performance of 40 min duration is impaired, but it is not different in HH and HD environments matched for heat stress despite evidence of a trend toward greater physiological strain in an HH environment.
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Domenech, Mònica, Rosa Casas, Ana Maria Ruiz-León, Javier Sobrino, Emilio Ros, and Ramon Estruch. "Effects of a Novel Nutraceutical Combination (Aquilea Colesterol®) on the Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Randomized Control Trial." Nutrients 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11050949.
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Background: Cholesterol-lowering nutraceuticals are useful in the management of moderate hypercholesterolemia. Methods: In a parallel-group, randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial we evaluated the effects on plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and inflammatory biomarkers of a nutraceutical combination (Aquilea Colesterol®) containing phytosterols (1.5 g), red yeast rice providing monacolin K (10 mg), hydroxytyrosol (5 mg), and plasma cholesterol values >5.17 mmol/L (>200 mg/dL) and LDL-c >2.97 mmol/L (>115 mg/dL). At baseline and at one and three months we recorded dietary habits; anthropometric parameters; blood pressure; lipid profile; fasting glucose; liver, renal, and muscle function tests, C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); and interleukin-6. Results: 13 men and 27 women (mean age 61.8 years) completed the trial; 20 participants received the nutraceutical and 20 received placebo. No adverse effects were noted. Compared to placebo, at one and three months the nutraceutical reduced total cholesterol by 11.4% and 14.1%, LDL-c by 19.8% and 19.7%, and apolipoprotein B by 12.4% and 13.5%, respectively (p < 0.001; all). hs-CRP decreased significantly (p = 0.021) in the nutraceutical group. Conclusion: The nutraceutical Aquilea Colesterol® is useful for reducing total cholesterol, LDL-c, and inflammation in individuals with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
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Nseir, W. B., S. H. H. Hussein, R. Farah, M. N. Mahamid, H. H. Khatib, J. M. Mograbi, A. Peretz, and A. E. Amara. "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 113, no. 5 (November 6, 2019): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcz283.
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Abstract Aims Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhea among adults in developed countries. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common chronic liver disease and it is associated with bacterial infections. Our goal was to assess whether NAFLD considered a risk factor for C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Methods We conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted with CDAD at Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poria, Israel during a period of four years. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical signs, underlying conditions, presence of fatty liver based on computed tomography/ultrasonography imaging and several risk factors for CDI were collected. The control group included patients with diarrhea who were negative for CDT and had been hospitalized during the same period. The controls were matched for age (±5 years) and gender. Results Totally, 115/164 patients with CDAD met the inclusion criteria. The control group was consisted of 115 hospitalized patients with non-CDAD. The mean age of all the participants (230) was 69.57 ± 18 years. NAFLD was found in 76/115 (66%) patients with CDAD vs. 35/115 (30.4%) in the control group, P < 0.001. Moreover, we found significant associations between CDAD group and metabolic syndrome, prior use of antibiotic in the last 3 months, NAFLD and high serum levels of C-reactive protein. Multivariate analysis showed that NAFLD, odds ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.2–1.95, P = 0.05 was significantly associated with CDAD. Conclusions This retrospective study showed that NAFLD is a risk factor for CDAD. Moreover, metabolic syndrome and high serum levels of C-reactive protein were significantly associated with the risk of CDAD.
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Fang, Shenying, Yuling Wang, Dawen Sui, Huey Liu, Merrick I. Ross, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Janice N. Cormier, et al. "C-Reactive Protein As a Marker of Melanoma Progression." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 12 (April 20, 2015): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.58.0209.
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Purpose To investigate the association between blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with melanoma and overall survival (OS), melanoma-specific survival (MSS), and disease-free survival. Patients and Methods Two independent sets of plasma samples from a total of 1,144 patients with melanoma (587 initial and 557 confirmatory) were available for CRP determination. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to evaluate the relationship between CRP and clinical outcome. Among 115 patients who underwent sequential blood draws, we evaluated the relationship between change in disease status and change in CRP using nonparametric tests. Results Elevated CRP level was associated with poorer OS and MSS in the initial, confirmatory, and combined data sets (combined data set: OS hazard ratio, 1.44 per unit increase of logarithmic CRP; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.59; P < .001; MSS hazard ratio, 1.51 per unit increase of logarithmic CRP; 95% CI, 1.36 to 1.68; P < .001). These findings persisted after multivariable adjustment. As compared with CRP < 10 mg/L, CRP ≥ 10 mg/L conferred poorer OS in patients with any-stage, stage I/II, or stage III/IV disease and poorer disease-free survival in those with stage I/II disease. In patients who underwent sequential evaluation of CRP, an association was identified between an increase in CRP and melanoma disease progression. Conclusion CRP is an independent prognostic marker in patients with melanoma. CRP measurement should be considered for incorporation into prospective studies of outcome in patients with melanoma and clinical trials of systemic therapies for those with melanoma.
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Butt, Adeel A., Peng Yan, Samia Aslam, Kenneth Sherman, Dawd Siraj, Nasia Safdar, and Bilal Hameed. "294. Hepatitis C Virologic Response in Hepatitis B and C Coinfected Persons Treated with Directly Acting Antiviral Agents: Results from ERCHIVES." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S159—S160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.369.
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Abstract Background There are scant data regarding hepatitis C (HCV) virologic response to directly acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and HCV coinfected persons. HCV treatment response in those with spontaneously cleared HBV infection is unknown. Methods All HCV-infected persons treated with a DAA regimen in ERCHIVES were identified and categorized into HBV/HCV-coinfected (HBsAg, HBV DNA or both positive), HCV-monoinfected, and resolved HBV (isolated HBcAb+). SVR rates were determined and compared for all groups. A logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with SVR. Results Among 115 HCV/HBV-coinfected, 38,570 HCV-monoinfected persons, and 13,096 persons with resolved HBV, 31.6% of HCV/HBV-coinfected, 24.6% of HCV-monoinfected and 26.4% with resolved HBV had cirrhosis at baseline. SVR was achieved in 90.4% of HCV/HBV-coinfected, 83.4% of HCV-monoinfected and 84.5% of those with resolved HBV infection (P = 0.04 HCV/HBV vs. HCV monoinfected). In a logistic regression model, those with HCV/HBV were more likely to achieve SVR compared with HCV monoinfected (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.17, 4.31). For HCV/HBV coinfected, the SVR rates dropped numerically with increasing severity of liver fibrosis (P-value non-significant). Factors associated with a lower likelihood of attaining SVR included cirrhosis at baseline (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80, 0.92), diabetes (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87, 0.99) and higher pretreatment HCV RNA (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.84, 0.87). Conclusion HBV/HCV-coinfected persons have higher overall SVR rates with newer DAA regimens. The virologic response is graded, with decreasing SVR rates with increasing degree of liver fibrosis as determined by the FIB-4 scores. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Deeg, Axel, and Dietrich Mootz. "Addukte Aromat/Chlorwasserstoff bei tiefen Temperaturen: Beiträge zu Bildung und Kristallstruktur [1] / Adducts Arene/Hydrogen Chloride at Low Temperatures: Contributions to Formation and Crystal Structure [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 48, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1993-0505.
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The melting diagrams of the systems benzene-HCl, toluene-HCl and mesitylene-HCl have been established and the crystal structures of two adducts determined. The adduct toluene · 2 HCl, melting incongruently at -115°C, is monoclinic with space group C2/c and Ζ = 4 formula units per unit cell; the adduct mesitylene · HCl, m. p. -64°C, is orthorhombic with space group Pbca and Ζ = 8. The HCl molecules are situated on both sides and one side, respectively, of the plane of the aromatic system and are linked to it by weak hydrogen bonds of the type Cl-H···π.
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Liu, Lin, Si Rong Yu, Guang Zhu, En Yang Liu, and Kang Wang. "Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Performance of Degradable Mg Matrix Composites Reinforced with Hollow Glass Microsphere." Key Engineering Materials 918 (April 25, 2022): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-85avju.
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Recently degradable Mg matrix composites as a promising candidate for degradable downhole tools application have aroused extensive interest. In the present work, the effects of heat treatment (solution treatment and artificial aging) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and degradation behaviors of the newly developed hollow glass microsphere reinforced Mg-Al15-Zn6-Cu1.5 composites were investigated. The results show that the solution treatment causes the β-Mg17Al12 phase and Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase to dissolve into the α-Mg matrix and the coarse eutectic τ-Al2CuMg phase to translate into blocky morphology. Aging treatment causes the β phase to precipitate at the grain boundaries or the edge of the residual second phases in lamellar and blocky morphology. After solution treatment, the ductility of the composites was significantly increased, while the following aging treatment could significantly increase the ultimate compressive strength (UCS), hardness and degradation rate. The composites solution treated at 420 °C for 20 h and aged at 200 °C for 24 h shows the higher degradation rate of 6.5 mg·cm-2·h-1 in 3 wt.% KCl at ambient temperature, with UCS of 471 MPa, Brinell hardness of 115 HB and fracture strain of 8.7 %, this outstanding comprehensive performance is more suitable for degradable downhole tools application.
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Liu, Lin, Si Rong Yu, Guang Zhu, En Yang Liu, and Kang Wang. "Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Performance of Degradable Mg Matrix Composites Reinforced with Hollow Glass Microsphere." Key Engineering Materials 918 (April 25, 2022): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-85avju.
Full textAbstract:
Recently degradable Mg matrix composites as a promising candidate for degradable downhole tools application have aroused extensive interest. In the present work, the effects of heat treatment (solution treatment and artificial aging) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and degradation behaviors of the newly developed hollow glass microsphere reinforced Mg-Al15-Zn6-Cu1.5 composites were investigated. The results show that the solution treatment causes the β-Mg17Al12 phase and Mg32(Al,Zn)49 phase to dissolve into the α-Mg matrix and the coarse eutectic τ-Al2CuMg phase to translate into blocky morphology. Aging treatment causes the β phase to precipitate at the grain boundaries or the edge of the residual second phases in lamellar and blocky morphology. After solution treatment, the ductility of the composites was significantly increased, while the following aging treatment could significantly increase the ultimate compressive strength (UCS), hardness and degradation rate. The composites solution treated at 420 °C for 20 h and aged at 200 °C for 24 h shows the higher degradation rate of 6.5 mg·cm-2·h-1 in 3 wt.% KCl at ambient temperature, with UCS of 471 MPa, Brinell hardness of 115 HB and fracture strain of 8.7 %, this outstanding comprehensive performance is more suitable for degradable downhole tools application.
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Noack, B., H. Görgens, U. Hempel, J. Fanghänel, Th Hoffmann, A. Ziegler, and H. K. Schackert. "Cathepsin C Gene Variants in Aggressive Periodontitis." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 10 (October 2008): 958–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808701017.
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Cathepsin C ( CTSC) mutations are known to cause Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. The aim of this study was to examine the association of CTSC genotype with susceptibility to non-syndromic aggressive periodontitis. The CTSC gene was analyzed in 110 persons with generalized aggressive periodontitis in comparison with 78 control individuals, after identifying different variants in a cohort of 100 persons. Five out of 19 discovered variants were included in this association study, representing 5 single-nucleotide polymorphism groups in tight linkage disequilibrium. The relevance of genotypes on enzyme function was examined. The carrier frequency of the missense variant p.I453V was significantly increased in persons with disease compared with healthy control individuals (17.3% vs. 6.4%, p < 0.05). CTSC activity in leukocytes from individuals harboring this variant was significantly reduced (119.8 ΔOD/min*105 cells, 95% confidence interval 17.4–174.9, p = 0.018). No influence of promoter variants was found on mRNA expression. The results support the hypothesis that CTSC gene variants contribute to increased susceptibility in generalized aggressive periodontitis.
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Han, Zheng Peng, Wei Hua Sun, Guo Bao Li, Ping Zhou, Dian Xiu Xia, Xiu Cheng Li, and Ying Chao Pei. "Austenite Grain Growth Law of High-strength Steel for Offshore Engineering." Materials Science Forum 1054 (February 24, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-1bg9xe.
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The metallographic analysis method is used to study the original austenite grain change law of Nb-containing high-strength ship steel. Adding Nb to the experimental steel will refine the grains to a certain extent. Different Nb content, the corresponding grain size change trend is different. Under the experimental heating environment of 850°C~1150°C, the grains of the two experimental steels have different degrees of coarsening at different heating temperatures. Compared with the low-C and high-Nb steel (EH36) with the high-C and low-Nb steel (AH36), the former can not only control the austenite grain growth well at lower temperature, but also has a strong inhibitory effect in a higher temperature environment. Based on the experimental data, the austenite grain growth kinetic model of the two experimental steels at the heating temperature of 850°C~1150°C is obtained.