Academic literature on the topic '1114-1200'

Mouse leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a polyfunctional cytokine which exhibits multiple functions in vitro and in vivo. Two forms of LIF cDNA, differing at their 5′ ends, have been described encoding either diffusible (D-LIF) or matrix-associated (M-LIF) forms of the protein [Rathjen, Toth, Willis, Heath and Smith (1990) (Cell 62, 1105-1114]. The present report describes the DNA sequence and functional characterization of the murine LIF gene and its surrounding transcriptional regulatory elements. Transient transfection of constructs containing the LIF gene and various amounts of 5′-non-coding sequence failed to give detectable levels of expression, suggesting the presence of inhibitory sequences within the LIF gene. Stable cell lines were produced by transfection of experimental constructs containing various lengths of 5′-non-coding sequence of the LIF gene, or the heterologous phosphoglycerate kinase promoter, linked to an LIF/neomycin-resistance-hybrid-coding sequence. The frequency of recovery of stable clones indicated that sequences located in the first intron between the transcriptional start sites for D-LIF and M-LIF act to suppress expression of the gene in most genomic locations. This region is rich in GC residues and has been shown to be hypomethylated in vitro [Kaspar, Dvorak and Bartunek (1993) FEBS Lett. 319, 159-162]. Analysis of the LIF/neomycin-resistance transgene expression in these stable cell clones demonstrated that transcripts containing the M-LIF or D-LIF exons required the presence of sequences located between -1200 and -3200 in the LIF gene. In the absence of these sequences, transcription is initiated elsewhere within the first intron. These sequences can be replaced by the heterologous phosphoglycerate kinase promoter. Deletion of the GC-rich region between the D-LIF and M-LIF transcriptional start sites results in the appearance of transcripts that do not splice out the first intron of the LIF gene. These may result from gene or promoter trapping of the LIF gene. Sequence analysis of the region between -1200 and -3200 revealed a number of minimal steroid-response elements, regions of similarity to DNAase I-hypersensitive sites in the uteroglobin gene and a region of alternating purine/pyrimidine sequence. This study therefore defines two important regulatory regions in the LIF gene: a GC-rich region in the first intron and a distal ‘enhancer’ located between -3200 and -1200.

To explore the source of Pb in Bronze Age artefacts from the Central Plains (Zhongyuan) in China, we investigated non-ferrous minerals from the Qingyuan archaeological site in Yuanqu County near the Zhongtiao Mountains. Fragments of smelting slag from the Erlitou cultural layer were collected. The smelting slag was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and lead isotope analysis. The SEM and EDS results confirmed that the slag contained Pb, Pb–As, and Cu–Pb–Sn inclusions and non-metal impurities such as low-Zn spinels. The XRD results signified that the bulk of the slag comprised Fe–Mn–Si phases. The chemical state of Pb was mainly Pb–O with some metallic Pb, as identified by XPS. The theoretical melting point was calculated using FactSage7.1 based on the composition and phase characterisation. The calculated temperature was 1100–1200 °C, which agreed well with the actual melting point of 1114–1354 °C. The slag composition and inclusion phases indicated that Pb–Zn–O ores with Mn and As were added during reduction smelting in Qingyuan. The raw materials of smelting included crude Pb with minor amounts of Cu, As, and Sn. Lead isotope analysis revealed that the lead materials produced in Qingyuan were likely transferred to Yanshi City in the Shang Dynasty. The findings of this study provide significant clues for exploring lead mineral production in the Central Plains during the Early Bronze Age.

Background. Malaria remains one of the world's major public health issues, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia, cases have declined over the last decade, and attempts to eradicate the illness are underway. The purpose of this study was to determine trends in malaria prevalence in selected areas of the Kaffa zone during the last five years (Decha and Gimbo districts). Methods. All malaria cases registered from 2017 to 2021 were reviewed to assess the trends of malaria prevalence. A checklist was used to collect the secondary data from registers and entered it into an Excel spreadsheet, which was then exported to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 for analysis. The malaria incidence rate was calculated with the total number of person-years as the denominator and the number of new cases as the numerator. Seasons, years, gender, age, and malaria parasite species were all used to show trends in malaria transmission in the areas. Tables and figures were used to present the data. Results. Out of 20,045 individuals screened for malaria, 13.6% (2,732/20,045) of them were recorded to have Plasmodium species tested using microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed infections (Plasmodium falciparum + Plasmodium vivax) accounted for 1200 (5.9%), 1114 (5.56%), and 418 (2.09%) of the confirmed malaria cases, respectively. Overall, malaria incidence decreased with an interannual variation, from 4.08 cases per 1000 person-years in 2017 to 3.62 cases per 1000 person-years in 2018, then increased to 4.94 cases per 1000 person-years in 2021. Conclusion. The malaria trend over the last five years has revealed a nonconsistent pattern of cases in different years. The number of malaria cases has shown an increase over the period of 2017 to 2021. Interannual and intra-annual variations have been observed in the transmission of the disease.

This study was conducted to find out the effect of feeding Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal on growth performance and digestibility of nutrients in growing rabbit and to know the cost of rabbit production. For this purpose, a total of twelve unsexed New Zealand White rabbits at 42 days of age were distributed randomly in three treatment groups, i.e. control (T0), adding 10% Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (T1) in concentrate diet and adding 15% Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (T2) in concentrate diet. All diets were iso-energic and iso-nitrogenous. Various aspects of the study, measurements taken in a 56 days experimental period were final body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feeding cost of rabbit production. Results show that the final body weight of rabbits was 1200±30, 1325±85 and 1114±136g, for the treatments of T0, T1 and T2, respectively. The body weights of rabbits were significantly higher in T1 over T2 and T0 groups. The average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were 109, 75.55, 83.57g and 9.55, 5.48 and 8.51 for the respective diets/treatments. The growth rate of T0, T1 and T2 treatment groups were 1.05, 1.44 and 0.99, respectively. There was significant effect of different treatment groups on growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The digestibility of dry matter (DM) was the highest in diet T0 followed by diet T2 and T1, respectively. The digestibility of CP was slightly higher for treatment T2 containing 15% Leucaena dry leaf than that of treatment T0 and T1. The digestibility of crude fiber (CF) and ether extract was significantly (P<0.01) difference among the treatment groups. The highest NFE digestibility was recorded for diet T0 and lowest for diet T1. The costs of these three concentrate mixture were 24.43, 21.48 and 20.21Tk/kg for diet T0, T1 and T2, respectively. The reduction of feed cost of producing 1 kg live weight was by 53% in T1 and by 31% in T2 group from T0 group. It may be concluded that Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal at 10% inclusion level may be used as an alternative source of protien in the diet of rabbit as there was no adverse effect (toxicity) on feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. It may be recommended that adding 10% level of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal of the diet for economic rabbit meat production. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2016, 1 (2), 261-267

LLe but de ce travail est de présenter, à la lumière de l'hagio-biographie dynastique, la continuité (depuis la fin du XIIe jusqu'au milieu du XVe siècle) du système de l'idéologie politique de l'état médiéval serbe. Dans la continuité des textes qui suivent les grandes étapes du moyen âge en Serbie, se dessine l'histoire d'une pensée politique élaborée pour exprimer le bien-fondé et justifier la souveraineté de l'état nelanide au sein d'une hiérarchie de valeurs propre à la chrétienté byzantine. Ainsi l'idéologie des hagiographies royales devient-elle non seulement le miroir des idées reflétant les structures mentales, mais également un critère de légitimité sacrée et facteur actif d'une orientation politique. Fondateur de la dynastie nemanide (1166-1371), le grand joupan Stefan Nelanja, canonise saint Siméon le Myroblyte, devient la référence fondamentale du charisme souverain des rois de la "sainte lignée" et se révèle être un critère de légitimité dynastique pour tout souverain de Serbie. Pour aboutir à une synthèse historique de l'idéologie politique, dans le cadre du thème qui est le nôtre, nous avons soumis à une analyse chronologique tous les textes fondamentaux de l'hagiographie dynastique d'après les éditions et les études disponibles, en y apportant comme contribution particulière l’édition critique (avec traduction française et commentaires) de la dernière Vita encore inédite de saint Siméon Nemanja. Les textes liturgiques et hymnographiques, ainsi que les préambules des chartes royales, ont été utilisés d'une manière sélective, généralement dans les notes, pour compléter et collationner les notions contenues dans les courants d'idées dominants. Afin de situer le phénomène de la littérature dynastique dans son contexte historique, un résumé de l'histoire médiévale serbe constitue le premier volet de ce travail. Pour situer l'idéologie des hagio-biographies royales dans le contexte de la littérature et de l'historiographie officielles, ecclésiastique et profane, un aperçu chronologique de cette hagio-biographie dynastique est propose dans le deuxième volet de cette étude
The aim of this work is to present, in the light of the dynamic hagio-biography, the continuation (from the end of the 12th to the middle of the 15th century), of the system of political ideology of the medieval Serbian state. In the continuation of the texts which follow the great steps of the Serbian middle age, the history of elaborate political throught is drawn to express the merits and justify the sovereignty of the Nemanjan state in the midst of a hierarchy of values proper to byzantine christianity. Thus the ideology of royal hagiographies becomes not only the mirror of ideas reflecting mental structures, but also a criterion of sacred legitimacy and an active factor of a political orientation. Founder of the Nelanjan dynasty (1166-1371) Stefan Nemanja, canonised as saint Simeon the Myroblyte, became the basic reference of sovereign charisme of the kings of "holy descent" and is revealed as a criterion of dynastic for all socereigns of Serbia. For attaining a historic synthesis of the political ideology, in the framework of the theme that is ours, we have submitted to a chronological analysis all the basic texts of dynastic hagiography according to the editions and studies available, by adding to them as a special contribution the cristim edition (with French translation and comments) of the latest still unedited vita of saint Simeon-Nemanja. The liturgical and hymnographic texts, as well as the preludes of royal charters, have been used in a selective manner, generally in the notes, to complete and compare the notions contained in the dominating currents of throught. In order to situate the phenomen of dynastic literature in its historical context, a summary of Serbian medieval history constituted the first part of this work. For situating the ideology of royal hagio-biographies in the context of literature and official, church and profane historiography, a chronological glimpse of this dynastic hagio-biography is proposed in the second part of this study