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Journal articles on the topic '[100] orientation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Pugmire, D. L., C. M. Woodbridge, and M. A. Langell. "Orientation of nickelocene on Ag(100)." Surface Science 411, no. 1-2 (August 1998): L844—L848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(98)00408-7.

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2

Mardinly, A. John, Lawrence H. van Vlack, and William F. Hosford. "Preferred Orientation of MnS Inclusions in Rolled Steel." Textures and Microstructures 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.22.127.

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The preferred orientation of MnS inclusions in hot-rolled steel was studied by electron diffraction. Specimens of resulfurized steel were examined after casting and after hot rolling to true strains of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. After rolling, the orientations of the inclusions tended toward an ideal 〈100〉 {001}. Only a moderate correlation between the final inclusion shape and orientation was found.

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3

Carboni, Carlo, and Eman Al-Abri. "Investigation of the Direction of Spontaneous Magnetisation at 0 K in HoCo2 and TmFe2." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol20iss1pp62-69.

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The direction of spontaneous magnetisation at 0 K across a phase orientation boundary in rare-earth laves phase compounds is computed as a function of the ratio of magnetic to electrostatic interactions. The phase boundary and range of parameters used for the computation correspond to the portion of the orientational phase diagram where experimental data can be obtained. In the series of pseudo-binary compounds (Gdx Ho1-x )Co2 and (Yx Ho1-x )Co2 the range of parameters covers the continuous transition from the <100> to the <110> orientations. The nmr measurements on this series show that the direction of spontaneous magnetisation is at intermediate orientation between the <100> and <110> directions. The material TmFe2, which is in the vicinity of a discontinuous orientational boundary, is also discussed.

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4

Wagner, T., A. D. Polli, G. Richter, and H. Stanzick. "Epitaxial Growth of Metals on (100) SrTiO₃: The Influence of Lattice Mismatch and Reactivity." International Journal of Materials Research 92, no. 7 (July 1, 2001): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2001-0133.

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Abstract The model system Me/(100) SrTiO3 (Me: Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Nb, and Al) was used to show that there exists a simple correlation between the formation of particular epitaxial orientations, the lattice mismatch between metal and SrTiO3, and the oxygen affinity of the metal. The growth of the metal films on the (100) SrTiO3 surface was studied by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Most metals (Pd, Pt, Ni, Nb and Al) grew with the following epitaxial orientation relationship on the SrTiO3: (100) SrTiO3 | | (100) Me, [001] SrTiO3 | | [001] Me. A second epitaxial orientation relationship was detected for Cr and Mo: (100) SrTiO3 | | (100) Cr, Mo, [001] SrTiO3 | | [011] Cr, Mo. For Mo, this orientation was detected only at very high growth temperatures. For each of the epitaxial orientation relationships, the substrate and film planes of four fold symmetry were parallel. Besides the second epitaxial orientation relationship, a third epitaxial orientation relationship was detected for Mo at growth temperatures below 900 K: (100) SrTiO3 | | (110) Mo, [001] SrTiO3 | | [001] Mo. In contrast to all other metals under investigation, Cu grew with a (111) fiber texture on the (100) SrTiO3 surface. The appearance of the first two epitaxial orientation relationships can be interpreted with a simple relationship between the metals’ oxygen affinities and the lattice mismatches with SrTiO3. This relationship can be used for other metals to predict epitaxy on the (100) SrTiO3 surface.

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5

Paul, Henryk, Julian H. Driver, and Arnaud Lens. "Mechanisms of New Orientation Formation during Recrystallization of Old Deformed Aluminium Bicrystals." Materials Science Forum 495-497 (September 2005): 1249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.495-497.1249.

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The crystallography of recrystallization nucleation has been investigated in channel-die deformed pure aluminium bicrystals with {100}<011>/{110}<001> and {100}<001>/{110}<001> orientations. The new grain orientations and misorientations were followed by systematic local orientation measurements using SEM and semi-automatic measurements in a TEM. In particular, orientation mapping combined with in-situ sample heating was used to investigate the formation and growth of new grains and their crystallographic orientation changes at very early stages of recrystallization. Grain boundary migration and ‘consumption’ of the as-deformed areas was always favoured along directions parallel to the traces of the {111} slip planes that had been most active during deformation. The orientations of the first formed nuclei were misoriented with respect to the orientations identified within the neighbouring deformed areas by α(<111>, <112>, or <100>)relations.

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6

Tian, Xia, Kaipeng Ma, Guangyu Ji, Junzhi Cui, Yi Liao, and Meizhen Xiang. "Anisotropic shock responses of nanoporous Al by molecular dynamics simulations." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): e0247172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247172.

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Mechanical responses of nanoporous aluminum samples under shock in different crystallographic orientations (<100>, <111>, <110>, <112> and <130>) are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The shape evolution of void during collapse is found to have no relationship with the shock orientation. Void collapse rate and dislocation activities at the void surface are found to strongly dependent on the shock orientation. For a relatively weaker shock, void collapses fastest when shocked along the <100> orientation; while for a relatively stronger shock, void collapses fastest in the <110> orientation. The dislocation nucleation position is strongly depended on the impacting crystallographic orientation. A theory based on resolved shear stress is used to explain which slip planes the earliest-appearing dislocations prefer to nucleate on under different shock orientations.

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7

Ryberg, R. "Symmetry and orientation ofCH3O on Cu(100)." Physical Review B 31, no. 4 (February 15, 1985): 2545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.31.2545.

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8

Cappus, D., J. Klinkmann, H. Kuhlenbeck, and H. J. Freund. "CO on NiO(100): orientation and bonding." Surface Science 325, no. 3 (March 1995): L421—L427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)80003-4.

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9

Chaudhry, Amit, and Nath Jatindra. "Threshold voltage modeling in (100), (110) and (111) oriented nanoscale MOSFET substrates." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 8, no. 2 (2011): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1102147c.

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An analytical model for the inversion layer quantization for nanoscale - Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) with different crystallographic substrate orientations, such as (100), (110) and (111) has been developed. The threshold voltage analysis has been studied using the quantum inversion charge model under three substrate orientations. The results indicate a significant impact of crystal orientation on the threshold voltage and the inversion charge density. The results have also been compared with the numerically reported results and show good agreement.

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10

Go, Hyun Young, Naoki Wakiya, Takanori Kiguchi, Tomohiko Yoshioka, Osamu Sakurai, Jeffrey S. Cross, M. Tanaka, and Kazuo Shinozaki. "Ferroelectric Properties of Epitaxial BiFe_0.97Mn_0.03O₃ Thin Films with Different Crystal Orientations Deposited on Buffered Si Substrates." Key Engineering Materials 421-422 (December 2009): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.421-422.111.

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We investigated electrical properties of epitaxial Mn doped bismuth ferrite BiFe0.97Mn0.03O3 (BFMO) thin films with different crystal orientations deposited on Si substrates with appropriate buffer layers. Epitaxial SrRuO3 (SRO) thin films with (001), (101), and (111) orientations were grown on CeO2/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/Si(001) substrates and YSZ/Si(001), respectively, by the insertion of MgO and TiO2 atomic layers using pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). Using spin coating, we deposited BFMO thin films onto orientated SRO thin films. The BFMO orientation followed the SRO orientation. The Pr values of the BFMO were ordered as follows {111}>{110}>{100}, which is the same as that predicted by crystallographic considerations. The largest Pr value of the {111} orientation is 76 μC/cm2 at 100 kHz, 25°C.

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11

Cook, J. C., and E. M. McCash. "Orientation effects in physisorbed multilayers on Cu(100)." Surface Science 365, no. 3 (October 1996): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00777-7.

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12

Al-Ansaari, Yahya, Simon Pervan, and Jun Xu. "Exploiting Innovation in Dubai SMEs: The Effect of Strategic Orientation on Organizational Determinants." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 11, no. 06 (November 25, 2014): 1450039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877014500394.

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This study investigates the role of strategic orientations of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in an emerging market, namely Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. It uses the business-level typology of Miles and Snow (prospector, analyzer, and defender) to examine the effect of strategic orientations on organizational determinants (organizational culture, technology orientation, alliance and cooperation, and market orientation) and their consequences in terms of innovation. Drawing upon data from 189 Dubai SMEs, the findings reveal that there are differences in the organizational determinants with prospector and defender orientations, with analyzer orientations falling in-between. Prospectors place more reliance than defenders on developing organizational culture, technology orientation, alliance and cooperation, and market orientation. Constant changes in the Dubai business and market environments seem to affect SMEs' strategic orientations and smaller SMEs are more likely to be analyzers than the SMEs employing over 100 staff. This study provides useful insights into the role of strategic orientations and organizational determinants of Dubai SMEs to accomplish successful innovation results.

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13

Zielinski, Marcin, Marc Portail, Thierry Chassagne, and Yvon Cordier. "Strain in 3C–SiC Heteroepitaxial Layers Grown on (100) and (111) Oriented Silicon Substrates." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.207.

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We discuss the influence of the growth conditions (composition of the gaseous phase, growth duration, growth temperature) and wafer properties (orientation, miscut, thickness) on the residual strain of 3C-SiC films grown on silicon substrates. We show that the strain related effects are observed for both studied orientations however some of them (namely the creep effects) were up to now stated only for (100) oriented layers. We also point out the main difference in strain control between the (111) and (100) orientations.

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14

Gao, Shang, Ren Ke Kang, Dong Ming Guo, and Quan Sheng Huang. "Study on the Subsurface Damage Distribution of the Silicon Wafer Ground by Diamond Wheel." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.113.

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Using the cross-section angle polishing microscopy, the subsurface damage of the silicon wafers (100) ground by the diamond wheels with different grain size were investigated, and subsurface damage distributions in different crystal orientations and radial locations of the silicon wafers (100) were analyzed. The experiment results showed that the grain size of diamond wheel has great influence on the subsurface damage depth of the ground wafer. On the ground wafer without spark-out process, the subsurface damage depth increased along the radical direction from the centre to the edge and the subsurface damage depth in <110> crystal orientation was larger than that in <100> crystal orientation; but on the ground wafer with spark-out process, the subsurface damage depth in different crystal orientations and radial locations become uniform.

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15

Kuang, Wangwang, and Guozhen Zhu. "Orientation Selection of Supported Au Nanoparticles on (111)- and (001)-Terminated SrTiO3 Substrates." Crystals 12, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101414.

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Orientation-dependent performance has been demonstrated in different materials consisting of nanoparticles on substrates. The fabrication of desirably oriented nanoparticles requires knowledge of orientation selection rules. Based on the Wulff–Kaishew theory, our analysis shows that the energy-favorable orientation(s), is influenced by the surface energy of particles, in addition to the dominant factor, i.e., the energy difference between particle/substrate interfacial energy and surface energy of the substrate. To verify this, a model system of dewetted Au nanoparticles on SrTiO3 is studied. The {111}-terminated SrTiO3 supports only {111}-orientated Au particles, with the lowest interfacial energy. On the other hand, {100}-terminated SrTiO3 supports multiple Au particles, with {111}-, {100}-, {110}- orientations, as a possible result of close surface energy contributions. The above orientations can be additionally manipulated by changing the heat treatment temperature. Our results provide fundamental insights into fabricating supported nanoparticles for practical applications.

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16

Inoue, Tomoyasu, and Shigenari Shida. "Highly separated hybrid orientation structure of CeO2(100) and (110) on Si(100) substrates by electron beam-induced orientation-selective epitaxy." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 32, no. 3 (May 2014): 03D108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4863301.

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17

E.V., Beloglazova, and Kabakchi V.V. "LINGUISTIC MECHANISMS OF CONSTRUCTING CHARACTER’S EXOLINGUACULTURAL IDENTITY IN FICTION AND NON-FICTION." Humanities And Social Studies In The Far East 17, no. 1 (2020): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31079/1992-2868-2020-17-1-100-106.

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The present paper is aimed at the means of constructing a character’s exolinguacultural identity. It demonstrates that regardless of the style and genre specificity both fictional and non-fictional texts employ a similar strategy to this end. The research is based on the theoretical foundation of interlinguoculturology, i.e. the study of the language of secondary cultural orientation. Relatively wide illustrative material from texts of various genres and cultural orientations is provided to illustrate the universal strategy underlying the construction of exolinguacultural identity resting upon cultural loans.

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18

Kisko, Anna P., Pasi P. Suikkanen, C. Isaac Garcia, K. Cho, M. Hua, L. Pentti Karjalainen, and Anthony J. DeArdo. "Simulation of Line Annealing of Type 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 715-716 (April 2012): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.715-716.437.

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The annealing behavior of cold rolled Type 430 ferritic stainless steel is the subject of this paper. The steel was cold rolled 79%, then heated at 6 °C/s to the soaking temperature of 841 °C, which is just below the Ae1temperature. During heating, specimens were quenched from selected temperatures between 650 and 841 °C and after various times at 841 °C. These quenched samples underwent metallographic examination and micro-hardness determination. The results indicated that under the prevailing experimental conditions, the hardness appeared to correlate strongly with the extent of recrystallization. The kinetics of recrystallization appeared to originate in the cold worked state, where three kinds of grain were found: (i) smooth elongated, featureless of α-fiber orientation {001}<100>; (ii) irregular fishbone grains of the γ-fiber orientations {111}<112> plus {111}<110>; and (iii) twisted grains of the η-fiber orientation {001}<100>. It was found that the twisted grains of the η-fiber were the first to recrystallize, with the fishbone grains of the γ-fiber second, and the smooth elongated, featureless grains of the α-fiber last. It was found that the grains of the α-fiber orientation {001}<100> and the η-fiber orientation {001}<100> were replaced with grains of the γ-fiber orientations as recrystallization progressed. These results are discussed in terms of recrystallization and texture development.

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19

Ryu, Meguya, Reo Honda, Aina Reich, Adrian Cernescu, Jing-Liang Li, Jingwen Hu, Saulius Juodkazis, and Junko Morikawa. "Near-Field IR Orientational Spectroscopy of Silk." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (September 24, 2019): 3991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9193991.

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Orientational dependence of the IR absorbing amide bands of silk is demonstrated from two orthogonal longitudinal and transverse microtome slices with a thickness of only ∼100 nm. Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) which preferentially probes orientation perpendicular to the sample’s surface was used. Spatial resolution of the silk–epoxy boundary was ∼100 nm resolution, while the spectra were collected by a ∼10 nm tip. Ratio of the absorbance of the amide-II C-N at 1512 cm − 1 and amide-I C=O β -sheets at 1628 cm − 1 showed sensitivity of SNOM to the molecular orientation. SNOM characterisation is complimentary to the far-field absorbance which is sensitive to the in-plane polarisation. Volumes with cross sections smaller than 100 nm can be characterised for molecular orientation. A method of absorbance measurements at four angles of the slice cut orientation, which is equivalent to the four polarisation angles absorbance measurement, is proposed.

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20

Miszczyk, Magdalena M., and Henryk Paul. "Cube{100}<001> Grains Nucleation during Annealing of S-Oriented Aluminum Single Crystal." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1511.

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The crystallographic aspects of nucleation of cube grains during annealing have been analyzed in (234)[20-28 11] - oriented aluminum single crystal. The samples were plane strain compressed in a channel-die up to logarithmic strains of 0.5 (40%) and then annealed to develop initial and final stages of primary recrystallization. The deformed and annealed samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy equipped with EBSD facility. Local orientation measurements reveled that significant part of the sample deforms homogeneously with only small deviation from the initial crystal orientation. The heterogeneities were thin bands of localized strain in which the crystal lattice rotate towards another variant of S orientation. After annealing the orientations identified inside deformed/recovered areas were similar to that observed in the sample just after deformation. The crystal lattice of recrystallized grains exhibit a well-defined clockwise and anticlockwise rotations around the axes grouped near all normals of the {111} planes of the deformed/recovered state. The cube grains were observed in both homogeneously and heterogeneously deformed areas despite the cube-oriented nuclei surrounded by high angle boundary were not present in the as-deformed structure.

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21

Yamashita, Yutaro, Shohei Tashiro, and Mitsuhiko Shionoya. "Orientational isomerisation of guest molecules in equilibrium in a tubular host crystal formed via halogen and hydrogen bonding." CrystEngComm 24, no. 8 (2022): 1518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ce01654g.

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The orientation of the guest molecules in the one-dimensional tube is reversed in a temperature-dependent manner, and the ratio of the two orientational isomers changes continuously and reversibly from 100 : 0 to 0 : 100 in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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22

Haessner, F., K. Sztwiertnia, and P. J. Wilbrandt. "Quantitative Analysis of the Misorientation Distribution After the Recrystallisation of Tensile Deformed Copper Single Crystals." Textures and Microstructures 13, no. 4 (January 1, 1991): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.13.213.

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Recrystallisation experiments in tensile deformed 〈100〉- and 〈111〉-oriented single crystals of high purity copper yielded very accurate information about the orientations of recrystallised grains and deformation microstructure. For a statistical evaluation of the orientation relationships between the dominant recrystallised grains and the deformation microstructure the misorientation distribution function was calculated. The most frequently occurring orientation relationships can be described by coincidence relationships. Always several coincidence relationships are needed to characterise the results. The specimen treatment strongly influences the occurrence of the individual coincidence orientation relationships. A particularly preferred growth of grains with a 30° or 40° 〈111〉 orientation relationship was not observed.

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23

Yannoulis, P., E. E. Koch, and M. Lähdeniemi. "Electronic structure and orientation of tetracene on Cu(100)." Surface Science 192, no. 2-3 (December 1987): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(87)81125-1.

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24

Yannoulis, P., E. E. Koch, and M. Lähdeniemi. "Electronic structure and orientation of tetracene on Cu(100)." Surface Science Letters 192, no. 2-3 (December 1987): A564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(87)90798-5.

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25

Yannoulis, P., E. E. Koch, and M. Lähdeniemi. "Electronic structure and orientation of tetracene on Cu(100)." Surface Science Letters 192, no. 1 (December 1987): A564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(87)90849-8.

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26

Li, Kun, Andrew Godfrey, Wei Liu, and Qing Liu. "Deformation and Annealing Textures of Extruded and Cold Rolled Pure Ni Single Crystals of Cube Orientation." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.707.

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A pure Ni single crystal of Cube orientation (001)/[100] have been deformed by reversible cold rolling to a reduction of 98% following an initial extrusion treatment. The microstructure in the as-deformed samples and in partly recrystallized specimens have been characterized in the scanning electron microscope using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). Line scans along the normal direction across the sample thickness show some evidence for a macroscopic pattern of subdivision. The EBSD measurements show that the deformed sample is characterized by large jumps in orientation between alternating S and Br orientations, related by misorientation angles of 50°~60°. In part of the sample a background cumulative change in orientation is seen, though local large change in orientation are also still seen. In annealed samples it is found that the orientations of the new grains

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27

Kuo, Kuan-Huang, Yi-Shiue Lin, Jain-Jung Shih, Yung-Hsuan Liao, Jian-Shiun Lin, Che-Ming Yang, and Jong-Liang Lin. "1,2-Dichloroethane on Cu(100) and Oxygen-Covered Cu(100): Conformation, Orientation, and Transformation." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, no. 21 (May 2007): 7757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp070867k.

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28

Inoue, T., and S. Shida. "Hybrid Orientation Substrate Fabrication Using Electron Beam Induced Orientation Selective Epitaxial Growth of CeO2(100) and (110) Areas on Si(100) Substrates." ECS Transactions 45, no. 3 (April 27, 2012): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3700910.

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29

Dabwan, Abdulmajeed, Saqib Anwar, Ali M. Al-Samhan, Abdullah AlFaify, and Mustafa M. Nasr. "Investigations on the Effect of Layers’ Thickness and Orientations in the Machining of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L." Materials 14, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071797.

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Laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process is a family of modern technologies, in which functional, complex (3D) parts are formed by selectively melting the metallic powders layer-by-layer based on fusion. The machining of L-PBF parts for improving their quality is a difficult task. This is because different component orientations (L-PBF-layer orientations) produce different quality of machined surface even though the same cutting parameters are applied. In this paper, stainless steel grade SS 316L parts from L-PBF were subjected to the finishing (milling) process to study the effect of part orientations. Furthermore, an attempt is made to suppress the part orientation effect by changing the layer thickness (LT) of the parts during the L-PBF process. L-PBF parts were fabricated with four different layer thicknesses of 30, 60, 80 and 100 μm to see the effect of the LT on the finish milling process. The results showed that the layer thickness of 60 μm has significantly suppressed the part orientation effect as compared to the other three-layer thicknesses of 30, 80 and 100 μm. The milling results showed that the three-layer thickness including 30, 80 and 100 μm presented up to a 34% difference in surface roughness among different part orientations while using the same milling parameters. In contrast, the layer thickness of 60 μm showed uniform surface roughness for the three-part orientations having a variation of 5–17%. Similarly, the three-layer thicknesses 30, 80 and 100 μm showed up to a 25%, 34% and 56% difference of axial force (Fa), feed force (Ff) and radial force (Fr), respectively. On the other hand, the part produced with layer thickness 60 μm showed up to 11%, 25% and 28% difference in cutting force components Fa, Ff and Fr, respectively. The three-layer thicknesses 30, 80 and 100 μm in micro-hardness were found to vary by up to 14.7% for the three-part orientation. Negligible micro-hardness differences of 1.7% were revealed by the parts with LT 60 μm across different part orientations as compared to 6.5–14% variations for the parts with layer thickness of 30, 80 and 100 μm. Moreover, the parts with LT 60 μm showed uniform and superior surface morphology and reduced edge chipping across all the part orientations. This study revealed that the effect of part orientation during milling becomes minimum and improved machined surface integrity is achieved if the L-PBF parts are fabricated with a layer thickness of 60 μm.

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30

Quillen, Alice C., Nadine Neumayer, Tom Oosterloo, and Daniel Espada. "The Warped Disk of Centaurus A from a Radius of 2 to 6500 pc." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 27, no. 4 (2010): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as09069.

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AbstractWe compile position and inclination angles for tilted ring fits to the warped dusty and gaseous disk of Cen A, spanning a radius of 1.8 to 6500 pc, from recent observations. For radii exterior to 1 kpc, tilted-ring orientations lie on an arc, on a plot of polar-inclination versus position-angle, suggesting that precession following a merger can account for the ring morphology. Three kinks in the ring orientations are seen on the polar plot, the one at radius of about 1.3 kpc we suspect corresponds to the location where self-gravity in the disk affects the ring precession rate. Another at a radius of about 600 pc may be associated with a gap in the gas distribution. A third kink is seen at a radius of 100 pc. A constant inclination tilted disk precessing about the jet axis may describe the disk between 100 and 20 pc but not interior to this. A model with disk orientation matching the molecular circumnuclear disk at 100 pc that decays at smaller radii to an inner flat disk perpendicular to the jet may account for disk orientations within 100 pc. Neither model would account for the cusps or changes in disk orientation at 100 or 600 pc.

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31

Park, Chee-Sung, Jae-Wung Lee, Gun-Tae Park, Hyoun-Ee Kim, and Jong-Jin Choi. "Microstructural evolution and piezoelectric properties of thick Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films deposited by the multi-sputtering method: Part II. Piezoelectric properties." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 5 (May 2007): 1373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0177.

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Highly dense and crack-free Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thick films with a controlled microstructure and orientation were deposited on a platinized silicon substrate by the radio frequency magnetron sputtering method using a single oxide target. The microstructure and orientation of the films were adjusted by applying a thin (100) PZT seed layer by the sol-gel method and subsequent repeated sputtering. When a thin layer was deposited on the seed layer, the film had small grains with a columnar structure. However, as the film became thicker, it developed a large and non-columnar grain structure. Therefore, reducing the thickness of the film per deposition allowed the columnar microstructure to be maintained. The (100) orientation of the film was able to be maintained by depositing it on a (100) oriented seed layer. PZT thick films with controlled orientations and microstructures were successfully deposited up to a thickness of about 5 μm, and their ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were characterized.

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32

Sakamoto, Naonori, Kotaro Ozawa, Kohei Murakoshi, Tomoya Ohno, Takanori Kiguchi, Takeshi Matsuda, Toyohiko J. Konno, Naoki Wakiya, and Hisao Suzuki. "TEM Study for Self-Orientated LaNiO₃ Film along [100]." Key Engineering Materials 582 (September 2013): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.582.185.

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LaNiO3 (LNO) is known as a candidate for oxide electrodes with perovskite type crystal structure which is suitable for lattice matching with conventional perovskite ferroelectrics, Pb (Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), BaTiO3 (BTO), etc. We have been investigating thermal expansion effects of the LNO film with PZT/LNO/Si and BTO/LNO/Si structures, where ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties are enhanced by a compressive thermals stress impressed from the LNO layer to the ferrelectric films. The ferroelectric films also shows high [00 orientation owing to [100] orientation of the LNO film. In the present study, further investigation of the LNO films prepared on Si substrates by CSD method is made by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to understand self-orientation along [100] perpendicular to the film plane which effectively leads orientation of PZT films prepared on the LNO film. The results obviously indicates that the 1 layer deposited LNO film has almost no orientation, whereas it shows tendency of orientation of [100] perpendicular to the film plane when the layer number increased.

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33

Filippov, Pavel, and Ursula Koch. "Nanoindentation of Aluminum Single Crystals: Experimental Study on Influencing Factors." Materials 12, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 3688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12223688.

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Results from nanoindentation of aluminum single crystals deliver valuable information as model systems for understanding technical aluminum alloys. The effect of the crystal orientation and the azimuthal indenter orientation on indentation hardness and modulus was studied by Vickers indentation (max. load 10 mN) on single crystal surfaces with (100), (110), and (111) orientations. The average indentation hardness varied, depending on the crystallographic orientation, by 1.8%. The anisotropy of the elastic modulus (1.1% of the average modulus) is lowered (indentation averaging effect). This is predicted by explicit approximation of the contact problem (conical indenter, orthotropic material). It was found that indentation hardness and modulus vary periodically with the azimuthal indenter orientation on (100)- and (110)-oriented surfaces (relative amplitude of 1.8% for indentation hardness and 2.6% of the modulus). This is attributed to the combined effect of the indenter geometry and crystal symmetry. For the first time, this effect was quantified for aluminum single crystals.

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34

Jovic, Vesna, Jelena Lamovec, Mirjana Popovic, and Zarko Lazic. "Fabrication of Sio2-based microcantilevers by anisotropic chemical etching of (100) single crystal Si." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 72, no. 11 (2007): 1127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0711127j.

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The undercutting process of thermal SiO2 microcantilevers with different orientations on (100) Si wafer was studied. The silicon substrate was removed by anisotropic chemical etching with a 25 wt. % aqueous solution of TMAH or a 30 wt. % aqueous KOH solution at 80 ?C. It was found that [110] oriented cantilevers were undercutting frontally along the length and [100] oriented cantilevers experience undercutting along the width of the cantilever, which is a less time consuming process. The studies showed that the [100] orientation of SiO2 microbridges enables theirs fabrication on a (100) oriented Si substrate.

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35

Anzalone, Ruggero, Andrea Severino, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Corrado Bongiorno, Patrick Fiorenza, Gaetano Foti, Giuseppe Condorelli, Marco Mauceri, Giuseppe Abbondanza, and Francesco La Via. "3C-SiC Heteroepitaxy on (100), (111) and (110) Si Using Trichlorosilane (TCS) as the Silicon Precursor." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.243.

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The aim of this work is to improve the heteroepitaxial growth process of 3C-SiC on Si substrates using Trichlorosilane (SiHCl3) as the silicon growth precursor. With this precursor it has been shown that it is possible to simultaneously increase the growth rate of the process and avoid the nucleation of silicon droplets in the gas phase. Growth experiments were conducted on three (3) Si substrate orientations in order to assess the impact of the Si substrate on the resulting 3C-SiC film. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis show the important role of the substrate orientation for the growth process. The different orientation of the substrate modifies the morphology of the 3C-SiC crystalline structure, mostly by changing the density of micro-twins and stacking faults inside the film.

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36

Bunge, H. J., P. R. Morris, and C. U. Nauer-Gerhardt. "ODF-Analysis of Multipeak Textures." Textures and Microstructures 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.11.1.

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Multipeak textures are defined by an orientation distribution function consisting of a large number (e.g. 100) of narrow peaks (e.g. 1°) at the orientations gi. Between these peaks the orientation density drops to zero. The peak orientations gi can be calculated from corresponding peak positions in one or several pole figures. Whether this procedure is unique or not depends on the number of peaks and the experimental uncertainty of the peak positions. The number of possible “ghost” positions may thus be estimated. A search procedure is described by which the orientations gi can be found from peak positions in three pole figures. The procedure was tested with several sets of randomly distributed orientations gi.

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37

Mohr, Susanne, Tao Xu, Tibor Döpper, Mathias Laurin, Andreas Görling, and Jörg Libuda. "Molecular Orientation and Structural Transformations in Phthalic Anhydride Thin Films on MgO(100)/Ag(100)." Langmuir 31, no. 28 (July 9, 2015): 7806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01392.

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38

Inoue, Tomoyasu, Naomichi Sakamoto, Masayuki Ohashi, Shigenari Shida, Akihiro Horikawa, and Yoshiyuki Sampei. "Orientation selective epitaxial growth of CeO2(100) and CeO2(110) layers on Si(100) substrates." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 22, no. 1 (January 2004): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1626644.

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39

Singh, C. D., V. Ramaswamy, and C. Suryanarayana. "Texture Evolution in a Hot Rolled Austenitic Stainless Steel." Textures and Microstructures 13, no. 4 (January 1, 1991): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/tsm.13.227.

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The ODF analysis of the surface texture of the hot band of austenitic stainless steel reveals the presence of orientations of shear texture. These orientation elements are mainly distributed along two limited tubes of preferred orientations. The fibre of the first tube has its axis 〈110〉 ‖ RD and runs from {001} 〈110〉 to an orientation near {112}〈110〉 whereas the fibre of the second tube is inclined 30° from ND towards RD (i.e. 〈110〉 30° ND fibre) and stretches from {111}〈112〉 + 5° to the orientation near {112}〈110〉. The shear texture components are formed at the surface by shearing during hot rolling. Once they are formed, they get partly recrystallized by dynamic in situ recrystallization. On the other hand a duplex texture (i.e. retained copper type and recrystallization type) is present at the centre level of the hot band. The orientation elements of copper type (i.e. 〈110〉 60° ND fibre) are {011}〈112〉, ≈ {123}〈634〉 and {112}〈111〉 whereas the recrystallization texture components are dominated by cube {001}〈100〉 orientation and other RD rotated cubes through oriented nucleation during dynamic recrystallization.

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40

Yamaguchi, Rumiko. "Analysis of Electro-Optical Behavior in Liquid Crystal Cells with Asymmetric Anchoring Strength." Symmetry 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14010085.

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Liquid crystal director distributions have been numerically analyzed between asymmetric anchoring surfaces, that is, infinitely strong and very weak anchoring strength interfaces. In a hybrid aligned nematic (HAN) cell and a twisted nematic (TN) cell, HAN and TN orientations turn to a homogeneous orientation when the weak anchoring strength is lower than a critical one. Relationships between the anchoring strength and elastic constants of the liquid crystal were analyzed to be of a quasi-homogeneous orientation. The quasi-homogeneous orientation returned to the original HAN and TN orientations under voltage application. Low-driving electro-optical properties with no threshold voltage can be obtained in a quasi-homogeneous HAN cell. A unique voltage–transmission curve of 0–100–0% appeared in a quasi-homogeneous TN cell between the crossed polarizers.

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41

Zavyalov, A., A. Lukin, O. Lukin, and A. Timofeyev. "The research development of the structure in a-Fe Microcrystals with the Orientation <110> deformed by compression with different values of the friction coefficient." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/4/042010.

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Abstract The paper analyzes the change in the dislocation structure in a-Fe microcrystals with orientations <100> and <110> deformed by compression under conditions of limited flow with different values of the friction coefficient. The orientation stability of the microcrystal and texture is investigated when the compression axis deviates from the normal to the compression plane. Shooting and analysis of limited pole figures made it possible to establish that the operation of the OSS in the MC with the [100](001) orientation at different values of the friction coefficient at the sample-punch interface leads to a rotation of the latticework relatively to the MC axis. The specific conditions of plastic deformation under compression determined by the MC morphology prohibit displacement deyz., as the deformation is observed under conditions of limited flow. The operation of the OSS, consequently, leads to the MC partition with the [100] (001) orientation deformed by compression with the friction coefficient Kmax into parts and the rotation of the latticework around the growth axis. It is established the connection between the friction coefficient at the crystal-punch interface and the sliding geometry in a-Fe MCs deformed by compression under conditions of limited flow. The authors carried out the dimension of the friction ratio has a significant effect on the slip geometry and the dislocation structure formed in the MC of the [100] orientation deformed by compression along the (001) plane. Changes in the friction coefficient and the angle deviation of the compression axis from the normal to the compression plane in the MC with the [100] (001) orientation do not affect the slip geometry and the dislocation structure formed during plastic deformation.

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42

Hong, Seung-Hyun, and Dong Nyung Lee. "Deformation and Recrystallization Textures in Cross-Rolled Copper Sheet." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 124, no. 1 (June 21, 2001): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1419017.

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A study has been made of the deformation and recrystallization textures of 99.99% pure copper sheets which were cross rolled by 82 and 96% reduction in thickness and recrystallized in a salt bath at 450°C for 1h. The deformation texture was approximated by the {011}〈755〉 orientation as the major component and {001}〈100〉 as a minor component. These deformation texture components were well simulated using the rate sensitive relaxed constraints model. The {001}〈100〉 orientation was calculated to be metastable while the {011}〈755〉 orientation was located in the middle of the rotation path between the stable orientations in two cross rolling directions. The recrystallization texture in the center layer of the 96% cross-rolled copper sheet was approximated by {86 50 9}〈10 34 94〉 for each rolling direction. The evolution of the recrystallization texture was discussed based on the strain energy release maximization model.

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43

Bussolotti, F., S. D’Addato, F. Allegretti, V. Dhanak, and Carlo Mariani. "Molecular orientation of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole adsorbed on Cu(100) surface." Surface Science 578, no. 1-3 (March 2005): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2005.01.023.

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44

Sacré, Nicolas, Gregor Hufnagel, Jules Galipaud, Erwan Bertin, Syed Ali Hassan, Matteo Duca, Lionel Roué, Andréas Ruediger, Sébastien Garbarino, and Daniel Guay. "Pt Thin Films with Nanometer-Sized Terraces of (100) Orientation." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121, no. 22 (May 26, 2017): 12188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02454.

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45

Le Moal, Eric, Mathias Müller, Oliver Bauer, and Moritz Sokolowski. "Misfit driven azimuthal orientation of NaCl domains on Ag(100)." Surface Science 603, no. 16 (August 2009): 2434–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2009.05.019.

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46

Bisch, C. "Orientation of aluminum nuclei on Si(100) and Si(111)." Thin Solid Films 336, no. 1-2 (December 30, 1998): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(98)01273-5.

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47

Müller, H., G. Zagatta, N. Böwering, and U. Heinzmann. "Orientation dependence of NO sticking and scattering at Pt (100)." Chemical Physics Letters 223, no. 3 (June 1994): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(94)00440-4.

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48

Daughton, D. R., and J. A. Gupta. "Orientation dependence of charge transfer for C60 on Cu(100)." Applied Physics Letters 98, no. 13 (March 28, 2011): 133303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3569719.

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49

Wagener, Magnus C., Mike Seacrist, and George Rozgonyi. "Evaluation of Hybrid-Orientation (110)/(100) Direct Silicon Bonded Interfaces." ECS Transactions 11, no. 3 (December 19, 2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2778647.

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50

Tseng, Fan-Gang, and Kai-Chen Chang. "Precise [100] crystal orientation determination on 110 -oriented silicon wafers." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 13, no. 1 (November 6, 2002): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/13/1/307.

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