Relevant bibliographies by topics / 1-D transient thermal network

Academic literature on the topic '1-D transient thermal network'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "1-D transient thermal network"

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NISHI, Koji, Tomoyuki HATAKEYAMA, and Masaru ISHIZUKA. "J012032 Transient Thermal Analysis for Electronic Equipment Utilizing One-Dimensional Thermal Network Modeling of Transient Thermal Resistance Behavior." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2013 (2013): _J012032–1—_J012032–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._j012032-1.

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Gerstenmaier, Y. C., and G. Wachutka. "Rigorous model and network for transient thermal problems." Microelectronics Journal 33, no. 9 (September 2002): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2692(02)00055-1.

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Ren, Guo Tao, Kai Lin Pan, Wei Tao Zhu, Jiao Pin Wang, and Jing Huang. "Study on Thermal Contact Resistance for Heat Transfer of High Power LED Packaging." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 1477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1477.

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Thermal contact resistance is one of key technologies for heat transfer of high power light emitting diodes (LED) packaging. In this paper, based on the resistance network model of LED packaging, a 3-D finite element simulation model (FEM) is established and thermal transient testing experiments are also performed by Thermal Transient tester (T3Ster). Experiment date indicates thermal contact resistance for 48% of the total thermal resistance. The thermal interface material (TIM) layer of high power LED packaging is studied to analysis thermal contact resistance which impacts on thermal performance of LED packaging. The total thermal resistance and the thermal resistance of TIM layer are separately calculated from simulation and experiment. To the resistance of TIM layer, the result of experiment is only a 1% error compared to the result of FEM simulation. Therefore, The FEM simulation and experiment are mutually validated. In order to thoroughly study on thermal contact resistance, based on the principle of structure function, thermal resistance of three different types of TIM layer between metal core printed circuit board (MCPCB) and aluminum heat sink are measured and compared. Experiment results indicate that the quality of interface affects the thermal contact resistance to a great extent.
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Kefalas, Themistoklis D., and Antonios G. Kladas. "3-D FEM and Lumped-Parameter Network Transient Thermal Analysis of Induction and Permanent Magnet Motors for Aerospace Applications." Materials Science Forum 856 (May 2016): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.856.245.

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Three dimensional (3–D), finite–element (FE) models and original lumped–parameter networks are developed for the transient thermal analysis of a permanent magnet motor (PMM) and an induction motor (IM) specifically designed and optimized for a demanding aerospace actuation application. A systematic comparison between the two different thermal modeling approaches is carried out using different loading conditions.
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Tianjian Lu and Jian-Ming Jin. "Transient Electrical-Thermal Analysis of 3-D Power Distribution Network With FETI-Enabled Parallel Computing." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 4, no. 10 (October 2014): 1684–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2014.2345651.

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Nirmalan, Nirm V., Ronald S. Bunker, and Carl R. Hedlund. "The Measurement of Full-Surface Internal Heat Transfer Coefficients for Turbine Airfoils Using a Nondestructive Thermal Inertia Technique." Journal of Turbomachinery 125, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1515798.

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A new method has been developed and demonstrated for the non-destructive, quantitative assessment of internal heat transfer coefficient distributions of cooled metallic turbine airfoils. The technique employs the acquisition of full-surface external surface temperature data in response to a thermal transient induced by internal heating/cooling, in conjunction with knowledge of the part wall thickness and geometry, material properties, and internal fluid temperatures. An imaging Infrared camera system is used to record the complete time history of the external surface temperature response during a transient initiated by the introduction of a convecting fluid through the cooling circuit of the part. The transient data obtained is combined with the cooling fluid network model to provide the boundary conditions for a finite element model representing the complete part geometry. A simple 1-D lumped thermal capacitance model for each local wall position is used to provide a first estimate of the internal surface heat transfer coefficient distribution. A 3-D inverse transient conduction model of the part is then executed with updated internal heat transfer coefficients until convergence is reached with the experimentally measured external wall temperatures as a function of time. This new technique makes possible the accurate quantification of full-surface internal heat transfer coefficient distributions for prototype and production metallic airfoils in a totally nondestructive and non-intrusive manner. The technique is equally applicable to other material types and other cooled/heated components.
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Bissuel, Valentin, Quentin Dupuis, Najib Laraqi, and Jean-Gabriel Bauzin. "Using statistical inverse methods for detecting defects in electronic components." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012078.

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Abstract The thermal modeling of electronic components is mandatory to optimize the cooling design versus reliability. Indeed most of failures are due to thermal phenomena [1]. Some of them are neglected or omitted by lack of data: ageing, manufacturing issues like voids in glue or solder joints, or material properties variability. Transient measurements of the junction-to-board temperature supply real thermal behavior of the component and PCB assembly to complete these missing data[2]. To complement and supplement the numerical model, inverse methods identification based on a statistical deconvolution approach, such as Bayesian one, is applied on these measurements to extract a Foster RC thermal network. The identification algorithm performances have been demonstrated on numerical as well as experimental dataset. Furthermore defects or voids can be detected using the extracted Foster RC networks.
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Chuttar, Aditya, and Debjyoti Banerjee. "Machine Learning (ML) Based Thermal Management for Cooling of Electronics Chips by Utilizing Thermal Energy Storage (TES) in Packaging That Leverages Phase Change Materials (PCM)." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222785.

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Miniaturization of electronics devices is often limited by the concomitant high heat fluxes (cooling load) and maldistribution of temperature profiles (hot spots). Thermal energy storage (TES) platforms providing supplemental cooling can be a cost-effective solution, that often leverages phase change materials (PCM). Although salt hydrates provide higher storage capacities and power ratings (as compared to that of the organic PCMs), they suffer from reliability issues (e.g., supercooling). “Cold Finger Technique (CFT)” can obviate supercooling by maintaining a small mass fraction of the PCM in a solid state for enabling spontaneous nucleation. Optimization of CFT necessitates real-time forecasting of the transient values of the melt-fraction. In this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) is explored for real-time prediction of the time remaining to reach a target value of melt-fraction based on the prior history of the spatial distribution of the surface temperature transients. Two different approaches were explored for training the ANN model, using: (1) transient PCM-temperature data; or (2) transient surface-temperature data. When deployed in a heat sink that leverages PCM-based passive thermal management systems for cooling electronic chips and packages, this maverick approach (using the second method) affords cheaper costs, better sustainability, higher reliability, and resilience. The error in prediction varies during the melting process. During the final stages of the melting cycle, the errors in the predicted values are ~5% of the total time-scale of the PCM melting experiments.
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Mohamed, Abdalla, Ahmed Hemeida, Alireza Rasekh, Hendrik Vansompel, Antero Arkkio, and Peter Sergeant. "A 3D Dynamic Lumped Parameter Thermal Network of Air-Cooled YASA Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine." Energies 11, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11040774.

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To find the temperature rise for high power density yokeless and segmented armature (YASA) axial flux permanent magnet synchronous (AFPMSM) machines quickly and accurately, a 3D lumped parameter thermal model is developed and validated experimentally and by finite element (FE) simulations on a 4 kW YASA machine. Additionally, to get insight in the thermal transient response of the machine, the model accounts for the thermal capacitance of different machine components. The model considers the stator, bearing, and windage losses, as well as eddy current losses in the magnets on the rotors. The new contribution of this work is that the thermal model takes cooling via air channels between the magnets on the rotor discs into account. The model is parametrized with respect to the permanent magnet (PM) angle ratio, the PM thickness ratio, the air gap length, and the rotor speed. The effect of the channels is incorporated via convection equations based on many computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computations. The model accuracy is validated at different values of parameters by FE simulations in both transient and steady state. The model takes less than 1 s to solve for the temperature distribution.
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Zhang, Xiuxiang, Kang He, Quan Yang, and Chengcai Xi. "Analysis on heat transfer and start-up performance of mercury heat pipe." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124503012.

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Mercury heat pipe has the advantages of good thermal stability and low saturated vapor pressure, which is the best choice for the transition from water heat pipe to liquid metal heat pipe. The effects of heating power and heat pipe structure on start-up time and steady-state heat transfer performance of mercury heat pipe were studied by using transient thermal network model. The results showed that: 1) Increasing the length of condenser is beneficial to reducing the start-up time and thermal resistance; 2) Increasing the heating power or wall thickness will reduce the thermal resistance, but increase the start-up time, and increasing the porosity of wick is just the opposite; 3) Increasing the thickness of wick can increase both the start-up time and the thermal resistance.
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Books on the topic "1-D transient thermal network"

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. 1-D transient thermal modeling of an ablative material (MCC-1) exposed to a simulated convective Titan 4 launch environment: 1998 UTECA Conference, April 21-23. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. 1-D transient thermal modeling of an ablative material (MCC-1) exposed to a simulated convective Titan 4 launch environment: 1998 UTECA Conference, April 21-23. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. 1-D transient thermal modeling of an ablative material (MCC-1) exposed to a simulated convective Titan 4 launch environment: 1998 UTECA Conference, April 21-23. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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1-D transient thermal modeling of an ablative material (MCC-1) exposed to a simulated convective Titan 4 launch environment: 1998 UTECA Conference, April 21-23. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "1-D transient thermal network"

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S. Leite, Brenno, Daniel J.O. Ferreira, Sibele A.F. Leite, and Vanessa F.C. Lins. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Thermochemical Treatment for the Liquefaction of Lemon Bagasse in a Jacketed Vessel." In Biomass [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94364.

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In this work, it was investigated the time evolution of thermal profile inside a liquefaction vessel and how the temperature and time of reaction influenced liquefaction yield. Liquefaction was performed in two different ways: (1) Experimental Analysis; (2) Numerical 3-D model, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Liquefaction was performed using lemon bagasse samples, glycerol and sulphuric acid, as catalyst. Temperature and liquefaction Yield (LY) were measured for different time of reaction (30, 60 and 90 minutes). From experimental data, LY were higher than 70 wt% for 90 minutes reaction. The increase in the temperature inside the reactor occurred due to the conduction and natural convection phenomena. Although the jacketed vessel was fed with steam at 125°C, working conditions allowed the heating of the mixture to less than 100°C. CFD thermal profile was in accordance with experimental data. They showed it was necessary 60 minutes to achieve a steady state of heating in the mixture inside this liquefaction vessel. From CFD transient simulations, it was observed some oscillations and detachment from experimental data, which may be due to changes in fluids properties along the process. Despite this consideration CFD could satisfactory analyse heat transfer in this liquefaction process.
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Conference papers on the topic "1-D transient thermal network"

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Yu, Youmin, Victor Adrian Chiriac, and Tien-Yu Tom Lee. "A New Resistor-Capacitor (RC) Transient Thermal Network Approach for Power Amplifier Module in Handheld Telecommunication." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33335.

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When a Power Amplifier (PA) device is operated at a given duty cycle (power on and off periodically), the device temperature responds accordingly with the peak and valley values occurring per cycle. Detailed transient thermal analysis is required to predict the device’s thermal characteristics at specific timeframes or at steady-state. Many thermal evaluations are conducted using the steady state condition at 100% duty cycle (power on continuously), requiring less computational time than the transient analysis, but providing conservative prediction without details of the transient response. Another shortcoming of the numerical prediction is the large amount of computational time and the inability to estimate temperatures for long cycle times. A new thermal Resistor-Capacitor (RC) network approach to predicting transient thermal responses in semiconductor packages is presented in this study. The proposed compact thermal model for a given package is a thermal RC network extracted by curve fitting the temperature response predicted by simulation to a step power input. Non-grounded Foster network is adopted for the proposed RC network, as its special structure makes it simple to change the RC topology during RC network extraction. The procedure to obtain RC values in each RC topology is iterated to get optimal RC values. The RC topology and values yielding minimum RMS error between the thermal RC network and simulation are accepted as the extracted compact thermal model for the given package. The extracted model is then applied to predict the transient temperature of a given power pulse. The thermal RC networks in both model extraction and subsequent prediction are expressed in Laplace domain first, and then inverted to the time domain. This ensures two advantages: (1) curve fitting during model extraction is simplified and accelerated; (2) the extracted model can predict the temperature responses to essentially all power pulses in practice. The proposed approach is validated on a PA module. The results show that the approach works accurately in the case of single heat source in the module. The approach combined with method of superposition can accurately predict temperature responses in the cases of multiple heat sources as well. To address further challenges of self and interactive heating in multiple heat sources, a direct fit method is also proposed. Validation results show that it is an effective alternative to predict transient temperatures of packages in specific situations.
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Visser, W. P. J., and I. D. Dountchev. "Modeling Thermal Effects on Performance of Small Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42744.

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Gas turbines are applied at increasingly smaller scales for both aircraft propulsion and power generation. Recuperated turboshaft micro turbines below 30 kW are being developed at efficiencies competitive with other heat engines. The rapidly increasing number of unmanned aircraft applications requires the development of small efficient aircraft propulsion gas turbines. Thermal effects such as steady-state heat losses and transient heat soakage on large engine performance are relatively small and therefore often neglected in performance simulations. At small scales however, these become very significant due to the much higher heat transfer area-to-volume ratios in the gas path components. Recuperators often have high heat capacity and therefore affect transient performance significantly, also with large engine scales. As a result, for accurate steady-state and transient performance prediction of micro and recuperated gas turbines, thermal effects need to be included with sufficient fidelity. In the paper, a thermal network model functionality is presented that can be integrated in a gas turbine system simulation environment such as the Gas turbine Simulation Program GSP [1]. In addition, a 1-dimensional thermal effects model for recuperators is described. With these two elements, thermal effects in small recuperated gas turbines can be accurately predicted. Application examples are added demonstrating and validating the methods with models of a recuperated micro turbine. Simulation results are given predicting effects of heat transfer and heat loss on steady-state and transient performance.
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Nain, Ajay, Devendra Nene, and Jaipal Singh. "Assessment of Engine Cooling System Performance Using 1-D/3-D Simulation Approach for Engine Transient Cycle." In Thermal Management Systems Conference 2020. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0012.

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Voigt, Andreas, Uwe Marschner, and Andreas Richter. "Multiphysics Equivalent Circuit of a Thermally Controlled Hydrogel-Micro Valve." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-8996.

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Hydrogels consist of a network of cross-linked polymers that swell when put into water. For temperature-sensitive smart hydrogels the equilibrium hydrogel size depends on the temperature of the liquid. These hydrogels are used to build temperature-controlled fluidic valves. Here we present an equivalent circuit model of such a hydrogel valve. The transient behavior is based on the model by Tanaka with three additional assumptions: 1. Only the fundamental mode of the deformation field, i.e. the slowest-decaying exponential temporal behavior, is relevant. 2. There are distinct equilibrium sizes for the swollen and the de-swollen state. 3. As observed in experiment, the swollen gel and the de-swollen gel have different elastic moduli, which affect the time constants of swelling vs. de-swelling. The resulting network model includes three physical subsystems: the thermal subsystem, the polymeric subsystem and the fluidic subsystem. The thermal subsystem considers the temperature of the heater, of the adhesive and of the hydrogel. It is assumed that adhesive, housing and hydrogel act as heat capacities in combination with heat resistors. The modeled polymeric subsystem causes in addition time delays for swelling and de-swelling of first order with different delay constants. The fluidic subsystem basically includes the fluidic channel between hydrogel and housing with time varying cross section, which is modeled as controlled source. All subsystems are described and coupled within one single circuit. Thus the transient behavior of the hydrogel can be calculated using a circuit simulator. Simulation results for an assumed hydrogel setup are presented.
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Fang, Xin, Qing Ding, Li-Wu Fan, Zi-Tao Yu, Xu Xu, Guan-Hua Cheng, Ya-Cai Hu, and Ke-Fa Cen. "Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Ethylene Glycol-Based Suspensions in the Presence of Silver Nanoparticles of Various Sizes and Shapes." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17175.

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Engineered suspensions in the presence of highly-conductive nanoparticles, coined as nanofluids, have been studied extensively as a novel family of advanced heat transfer fluids. Attention has been paid primarily to the enhanced thermal conductivity of the suspensions that depends significantly on the material, size, shape, dispersion and loading of the nanoparticles. In this paper, the effects of adding silver (Ag) nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes on the thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol (EG)-based suspensions were investigated experimentally. These included Ag nanospheres (Ag NSs), Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) and Ag nanoflakes (Ag NFs). The suspensions were prepared at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL. The size and shape of the various Ag nanoparticles were observed by means of microscopy techniques. The dispersion and stability of the suspensions were also inspected. Measurements of the thermal conductivity of the suspensions were performed on a Hot Disk Thermal Constants Analyzer, which is based on the transient plane source technique, at elevated temperatures from 10 to 30 °C at an increment of 5 °C. It was shown that the thermal conductivity of the EG-based suspensions increases with raising the temperature. The Ag NWs of a very high aspect ratio (∼400) caused greatest relative enhancement up to 15.6% at the highest loading of 10 mg/mL (∼0.1 vol.%). The other two types of nanoparticles, Ag NSs and Ag NFs with much smaller aspect ratios, only led to enhancements up to 5%. The formation of a network of Ag NWs that facilitates heat conduction was likely responsible for their better performance. In addition, the relative enhancement was predicted by the Hamilton-Crosser (H-C) equation that takes the shape effect of the particles into consideration. It was shown that the predictions far underestimate the thermal conductivity enhancements but are qualitatively consistent with their shape dependence.
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Dutta, B. K., S. Guin, and M. K. Samal. "On-Line Remaining Life Assessment of Hot Reheat Pipe Bend." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79513.

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An ageing in-service Hot Reheat (HRH) pipe bend before Intermediate Pressure (IP) Stop/ Control Valve of a Utility was identified for real-time creep-fatigue damage assessment. A data acquisition system has been installed to record thermal hydraulic parameters, such as pressure, temperature and flow on real time basis. The HRH piping including low pressure bypass line incorporating various supports such as directional restraints, constant weight hangers and spring hangers, was modeled using straight and bend elements. Static stress analysis was performed to find out the forces and moments at either ends of the pipe-bend for sustained and expansion loadings using piping analysis program CAESAR-II. A detailed 3-D Finite Element Model of the pipe bend was also developed using 20-noded brick elements. The 3-D FE model along with material parameters and loading are used by code BOSSES for on-line monitoring of damage. The nodal temperatures (obtained by temperature transient analysis), recorded internal pressure, associated piping loads, etc. are then used in a stress analysis module to calculate stresses at different gauss points of the pipe bend. The temperatures and stresses at different time are then used to compute fatigue and creep damage and to assess growth of different postulated cracks at various locations of pipe bend, as well as remaining life. All the information are upgraded and restart files are saved for successive computation. The real-time process data of the pipe bend are made available to the Researcher’s Desk through Client-Server Network.
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Iqbal, O., S. Jonnalagedda, K. Arora, L. Zhong, and S. Gaikwad. "Comparison of 1-D vs 3-D Combustion Boundary Conditions for SI Engine Thermal Load Prediction." In ASME 2013 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2013-19227.

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The thermal field generated in an engine block and cylinder head as a result of combustion loading is of paramount significance for structural durability. Computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer modeling provide strong tools; perhaps the best and most precise available for predicting thermal fields within cylinder head and engine block. However, an enduring challenge has been the temperature prediction on metal wall as a response to the time dependent fluctuations in the fluids. Fluid (coolant) flow in an engine is steady for a given engine speed and load, but combustion dynamics are inherently transient. In this study, an effective set of convective boundary condition data (as combustion load) is generated using two different approaches in a stand-alone simulation and mapped onto a decoupled Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) model to predict the temperature distribution in the engine. In the first approach, a predictive combustion model, tuned to dyno test data, is solved in a 1-D simulation code. This provides the cycle-averaged convective boundary condition that can be used for a CHT model as a uniform heat source. In the second, more detailed approach, in-cylinder combustion simulations involving transient piston and valve motion with flame propagation modeling are carried out using a 3-D simulation code. The 3-D methodology gives a detailed distribution of convective boundary conditions on the walls touching the combustion gases. In order to predict the gradients in heat transfer coefficient with high accuracy, the resulting temperature distribution from the CHT simulation is fed back into the combustion model to regenerate the set of convective boundary conditions. This process is repeated until a converged set of convective boundary conditions are obtained. In this paper engine temperature predictions obtained using combustion loads from both 1-D and 3-D approaches will be compared with the thermocouple data from engine dyno test.
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Compton, Logan M., James L. Armes, and Gary L. Solbrekken. "Custom 1-D CFD Numeric Model of Single-Cell Scale Sample Holder for Scanning Thermal Analysis." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89615.

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Successful cryopreservation protocols have been developed for a limited number of cell types through an extensive amount of experimentation. To optimize current protocols and to develop effective protocols for a larger range of cells and tissues it is imperative that accurate transport models be developed for the cooling process. Such models are dependent on the thermodynamic properties of intracellular and extracellular solutions, including heat capacity, latent heat, and the physical phase change temperatures. Scanning techniques, such as differential-scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analysis are effective tools for measuring those thermodynamic properties. It is essential to understand the behavior of the in house fabricated differential-scanning calorimeter given different cooling and warming rates to reassure and validate the obtained experimental results. A 1-D transient CFD code was created in Matlab using Patankar’s theory to not only validate obtained experimental results but aid in optimizing the control system to produce linear cooling and warming rates. A freezing model was also implemented as a subroutine to numerically observe the effect of heat release and absorption of the sample during a run. The numeric model is composed of a multilayer scheme that incorporates a thermoelectric module which provides the primary temperature control along with the micron sized bridge with sample holder and thermocouple. An electric current profile is imported in from either an experimental run to validate results or from an optimization program to determine the optimum electrical current profile for a desired temperature profile. Numeric detection of heat capacity, latent heat, and thermal resistance has also been demonstrated.
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Kazmierczak, M., and N. Sharma. "Correlations Spanning the Entire Biot Number Range to Predict Near Steady State Condition in Transient 1-D Heat Conduction Problems." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56751.

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Steady state criteria for vanishing small values of Biot number (lumped case) is well known and is reported in every undergraduate text on heat transfer. The heat conduction time scale for pure thermal diffusion problems (extremely large values of Biot number) is also a very well established fact and common knowledge to all well-schooled thermal engineers. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge no attempt has been made so far to develop a generalized criterion encompassing the entire Biot number range. Hence, the objective of this paper is to construct a simple, but accurate, correlation to predict the onset of steady state for the three basic configurations (plane layer, cylinder, and sphere) for the complete range of Biot number from the high (Bi → ∞) to the low (Bi →0) Bi value limits, while spanning all values in between. Correlations are developed and reported in this paper such that they predict the transient time duration very close to those obtained from the theoretical solution to the problem. Moreover these proposed correlations are extremely simple in form and, as such, are ideal to be used by practicing thermal engineers in need of a quick estimate for the required time period to achieve steady state for problems that can be modeled from these basic geometries. A more accurate correlation, for the case of slab has also been proposed (containing two additional terms) which can be used if higher accuracy in the intermediate Biot number range were to be desired.
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Hittner, Dominique, Carmen Angulo, Virginie Basini, Edgar Bogusch, Eric Breuil, Derek Buckthorpe, Vincent Chauvet, et al. "HTR-TN Achievements and Prospects for Future Developments." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58249.

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It is already 10 years since the (European) HTR Technology Network (HTR-TN) launched a programme for the development of HTR Technology, which expanded through 3 successive Euratom Framework Programmes, with many coordinated projects in line with the strategy of the Network. Widely relying in the beginning on the legacy of the former European HTR developments (DRAGON, AVR, THTR...) that it contributed to safeguard, this programme led to advances in HTR/VHTR technologies and produced significant results, which can benefit to the international HTR community through the Euratom involvement in the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). The main achievements of the European programme performed in complement to national efforts in Europe and already taking into consideration the complementarity with contributions of other GIF partners are presented: they concern the validation of computer codes (reactor physics, system transient analysis from normal operation to air ingress accident and fuel performance in normal and accident conditions), materials (metallic materials for the vessel, the direct cycle turbines and the intermediate heat exchanger, graphite...), component development, fuel manufacturing and irradiation behaviour and specific HTR waste management (irradiated fuel and graphite). Key experiments have been performed or are still ongoing, like irradiation of graphite to high fluence, fuel material irradiation (PYCASSO experiment), high burn-up irradiated fuel PIE, safety test and isotopic analysis, IHX mock-up thermo-hydraulic test in helium atmosphere, air ingress experiment for a block type core, etc. Now HTR-TN partners consider that it is time for Europe to go a step forward towards industrial demonstration. In line with the orientations of the “Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan)” recently issued by the European Commission, which promotes a strategy for the deployment of low carbon energy technologies and mentions Generation IV nuclear systems as one of the key contributors to this strategy, HTR-TN proposes to launch a programme for extending the contribution of nuclear energy to industrial process heat applications addressing jointly 1) The development of a flexible HTR able to be coupled to many different process heat and cogeneration applications with very versatile requirements 2) The development of coupling technologies with industrial processes 3) The possible adaptations of process heat applications which might be needed for coupling with a HTR and 4) The integration and optimisation of the whole coupled system. As a preliminary step for this ambitious programme, HTR-TN endeavours presently to create a strategic partnership between nuclear industry and R&D and process heat user industries.
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Journal articles
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