Journal articles: '(1,3;1,4)-beta-glucan'

1

Chang, Shu-Chieh, Rebecka Karmakar Saldivar, Pi-Hui Liang, and Yves S. Y. Hsieh. "Structures, Biosynthesis, and Physiological Functions of (1,3;1,4)-β-d-Glucans." Cells 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10030510.

Full text

Abstract:

(1,3;1,4)-β-d-Glucans, also named as mixed-linkage glucans, are unbranched non-cellulosic polysaccharides containing both (1,3)- and (1,4)-β-linkages. The linkage ratio varies depending upon species origin and has a significant impact on the physicochemical properties of the (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucans. (1,3;1,4)-β-d-Glucans were thought to be unique in the grasses family (Poaceae); however, evidence has shown that (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucans are also synthesized in other taxa, including horsetail fern Equisetum, algae, lichens, and fungi, and more recently, bacteria. The enzyme involved in (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan biosynthesis has been well studied in grasses and cereal. However, how this enzyme is able to assemble the two different linkages remains a matter of debate. Additionally, the presence of (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan across the species evolutionarily distant from Poaceae but absence in some evolutionarily closely related species suggest that the synthesis is either highly conserved or has arisen twice as a result of convergent evolution. Here, we compare the structure of (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucans present across various taxonomic groups and provide up-to-date information on how (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucans are synthesized and their functions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Cseh, A., K. Kruppa, I. Molnár, M. Rakszegi, J. Doležel, and M. Molnár-Láng. "Characterization of a new 4BS.7HL wheat–barley translocation line using GISH, FISH, and SSR markers and its effect on the β-glucan content of wheat." Genome 54, no. 10 (October 2011): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g11-044.

Full text

Abstract:

A spontaneous interspecific Robertsonian translocation was revealed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) in the progenies of a monosomic 7H addition line originating from a new wheat ‘Asakaze komugi’ × barley ‘Manas’ hybrid. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA sequences (Afa family, pSc119.2, and pTa71) allowed identification of all wheat chromosomes, including wheat chromosome arm 4BS involved in the translocation. FISH using barley telomere- and centromere-specific repetitive DNA probes (HvT01 and (AGGGAG)n) confirmed that one of the arms of barley chromosome 7H was involved in the translocation. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers specific to the long (L) and short (S) arms of barley chromosome 7H identified the translocated chromosome segment as 7HL. Further analysis of the translocation chromosome clarified the physical position of genetically mapped SSRs within 7H, with a special focus on its centromeric region. The presence of the HvCslF6 gene, responsible for (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan production, was revealed in the centromeric region of 7HL. An increased (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan level was also detected in the translocation line, demonstrating that the HvCslF6 gene is of potential relevance for the manipulation of wheat (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ermawar, Riksfardini A., Helen M. Collins, Caitlin S. Byrt, Natalie S. Betts, Marilyn Henderson, Neil J. Shirley, Julian Schwerdt, Jelle Lahnstein, Geoffrey B. Fincher, and Rachel A. Burton. "Distribution, structure and biosynthetic gene families of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in Sorghum bicolor." Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 57, no. 4 (March 31, 2015): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12338.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

ANTTILA, H., T. SONTAG-STROHM, and H. SALOVAARA. "Viscosity of beta-glucan in oat products." Agricultural and Food Science 13, no. 1-2 (December 4, 2008): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/1239099041838012.

Full text

Abstract:

Oats contain 3-5% of mixed linked beta-glucan, or (1-3), (1-4) â-D-glucan, referred to hereafter as beta-glucan. Oat beta-glucan is a viscous, and soluble dietary fibre component. Soluble and viscous dietary fibres, including the beta-glucan present in oats are associated with two major health promoting effects, i.e. the attenuation of postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels and the control of cholesterol. Increased viscosity in the intestine delays absorption of glucose and suppresses absorption of cholesterol and reabsorption of bile acids. In spite of its apparent key role physiologically the viscosity of beta-glucan has been discussed relatively little in terms of analytical procedures. In clinical studies performed with oats, the viscosity of beta-glucan has been properly documented in only a few cases. Viscosity of beta-glucan in foods and in the food digest depends on solubility, concentration and molecular weight. A food manufacturer aiming at health-promoting products must pay attention not only to sufficient concentration of beta-glucan (dose) in the raw material, but also to the processing methods that will ensure sufficient solubility of beta-glucan and minimize enzymatic or mechanical breakdown of the beta-glucan molecule. We have been working both with different food processes utilising oat fractions high in beta-glucan and with the development of a method for viscosity determination of the soluble beta-glucan fibre. This review discusses some of the aspects related to the development with a method that could predict the behaviour of beta-glucan in oat processing with respect to its anticipated physiological functions.;

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Gracia, Montilla-Bascón, Paul R. Armstrong, Han Rongkui, and Sorrells Mark. "Quantification of betaglucans, lipid and protein contents in whole oat groats (Avena sativa L.) using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 25, no. 3 (June 2017): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033517709615.

Full text

Abstract:

Whole oat has been described as an important healthy food for humans due to its beneficial nutritional components. The positive health benefits of consuming oats as a whole-grain food are attributed in part to β-glucan, which has outstanding functional and nutritional properties. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy is a powerful, fast, accurate and non-destructive analytical tool that can be substituted for some traditional chemical analysis. A total of 1728 single intact groats of six different oat varieties were scanned by near infrared spectroscopy to develop non-destructive predictions for (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan (β-glucan), protein and oil content in groats. Prediction models for single kernels were developed using partial least squares regression. Regression parameters between the chemical values, determined by wet-lab reference methods, and the predicted values determined from near infrared spectra, were veriﬁed by cross-validation and against data from a set of independent samples. The cross-validation correlation coefficients ( R2CV) for β-glucan, protein and oil were 0.83, 0.72 and 0.92, respectively, the root-mean-square error ranged from 0.25% to 0.60% for all compounds. Independent validation data had r2 values ranging from 0.69 to 0.95; root-mean-square error of prediction values (RMSEP) values were equal to or less than 0.52%, 0.62% and 0.27% for β-glucan, protein and oil, respectively. The data indicated that non-destructive screening of β-glucan, protein and oil contents in single kernels of dehulled oat grains from their near infrared spectra could be successfully used in breeding programs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Poutsiaka, DD, M. Mengozzi, E. Vannier, B. Sinha, and CA Dinarello. "Cross-linking of the beta-glucan receptor on human monocytes results in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist but not interleukin-1 production." Blood 82, no. 12 (December 15, 1993): 3695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.12.3695.3695.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The beta-glucan receptor, found on monocytes and neutrophils, binds glucose polymers derived from fungi. Ligands for the receptor have various immunomodulatory effects, including increased microbicidal killing activity. We have investigated the effect of beta-glucans on the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and its naturally occurring inhibitor, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Particulate beta- glucan induced IL-1Ra production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but did not stimulate IL-1 beta synthesis or gene expression in these same cells. Monomeric (soluble) beta-glucan did not induce IL-1Ra production. However, when preincubated with PBMC, monomeric beta-glucan significantly (P <.01) reduced particulate beta- glucan induction of IL-1Ra by 40%, suggesting that crosslinking of beta- glucan receptors is required for induction of IL-1Ra. In support of this, monomeric beta-glucan immobilized on plastic surfaces stimulated IL-1Ra production. Vitamin D3, which increases the functional capacity of beta-glucan receptors, increased IL-1Ra production induced by particulate beta-glucan, whereas dexamethasone suppressed IL-1Ra synthesis. Because of their differential effects on cytokine production, beta-glucans may be used to therapeutic advantage in the diseases in which IL-1 is implicated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Poutsiaka, DD, M. Mengozzi, E. Vannier, B. Sinha, and CA Dinarello. "Cross-linking of the beta-glucan receptor on human monocytes results in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist but not interleukin-1 production." Blood 82, no. 12 (December 15, 1993): 3695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v82.12.3695.bloodjournal82123695.

Full text

Abstract:

The beta-glucan receptor, found on monocytes and neutrophils, binds glucose polymers derived from fungi. Ligands for the receptor have various immunomodulatory effects, including increased microbicidal killing activity. We have investigated the effect of beta-glucans on the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and its naturally occurring inhibitor, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Particulate beta- glucan induced IL-1Ra production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but did not stimulate IL-1 beta synthesis or gene expression in these same cells. Monomeric (soluble) beta-glucan did not induce IL-1Ra production. However, when preincubated with PBMC, monomeric beta-glucan significantly (P <.01) reduced particulate beta- glucan induction of IL-1Ra by 40%, suggesting that crosslinking of beta- glucan receptors is required for induction of IL-1Ra. In support of this, monomeric beta-glucan immobilized on plastic surfaces stimulated IL-1Ra production. Vitamin D3, which increases the functional capacity of beta-glucan receptors, increased IL-1Ra production induced by particulate beta-glucan, whereas dexamethasone suppressed IL-1Ra synthesis. Because of their differential effects on cytokine production, beta-glucans may be used to therapeutic advantage in the diseases in which IL-1 is implicated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Christensen, Ulla, and Henrik Vibe Scheller. "Regulation of (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan synthesis in developing endosperm of barley lys mutants." Journal of Cereal Science 55, no. 1 (January 2012): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2011.10.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Cory, Aron T., Monica Båga, Anthony Anyia, Brian G. Rossnagel, and Ravindra N. Chibbar. "Genetic markers for CslF6 gene associated with (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan concentration in barley grain." Journal of Cereal Science 56, no. 2 (September 2012): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2012.02.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Marcotuli, Ilaria, Pasqualina Colasuonno, Yves S. Y. Hsieh, Geoffrey B. Fincher, and Agata Gadaleta. "Non-Starch Polysaccharides in Durum Wheat: A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 2933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082933.

Full text

Abstract:

Durum wheat is one of most important cereal crops that serves as a staple dietary component for humans and domestic animals. It provides antioxidants, proteins, minerals and dietary fibre, which have beneficial properties for humans, especially as related to the health of gut microbiota. Dietary fibre is defined as carbohydrate polymers that are non-digestible in the small intestine. However, this dietary component can be digested by microorganisms in the large intestine and imparts physiological benefits at daily intake levels of 30–35 g. Dietary fibre in cereal grains largely comprises cell wall polymers and includes insoluble (cellulose, part of the hemicellulose component and lignin) and soluble (arabinoxylans and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans) fibre. More specifically, certain components provide immunomodulatory and cholesterol lowering activity, faecal bulking effects, enhanced absorption of certain minerals, prebiotic effects and, through these effects, reduce the risk of type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. Thus, dietary fibre is attracting increasing interest from cereal processors, producers and consumers. Compared with other components of the durum wheat grain, fibre components have not been studied extensively. Here, we have summarised the current status of knowledge on the genetic control of arabinoxylan and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis and accumulation in durum wheat grain. Indeed, the recent results obtained in durum wheat open the way for the improvement of these important cereal quality parameters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Cardone, Marco, Amiran Dzutsev, Hongchuan Li, Franca Gerosa, Robin Winkler-Pickett, Lisa Provezza, Elena Riboldi, et al. "IL-1 and IFN-gamma differentially program human dendritic cells exposed to beta-glucan via IkappaB-zeta regulation (P6279)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 193.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.193.9.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The molecular networks controlling the DC programming in response to C-type lectin receptor agonists including beta-glucan, a fungal and bacterial component and ligand for the Dectin-1 receptor, are still poorly characterized. We studied these immunological aspects by comparing the response of human mono-DCs to the Dectin-1 ligand, beta-glucan, and to the TLR4 ligand, LPS using a gene expression/perturbation approach. Gene expression analysis of mono-DCs stimulated by beta-glucan identified IL-1, TNF, and type I IFN encoded by “early/immediate” type genes as predicted regulators of the beta-glucan-induced “late” transcriptional response. A perturbation analysis revealed that endogenous IL-1, via the nuclear factor IkappaB-zeta, selectively promoted the expression of beta-glucan-induced “late” genes such as those encoding IL-6 and IL-23, thus programming DCs to initiate Th17 responses. TNF and type I IFN were found to modulate the response to both beta-glucan and LPS. IFN-gamma counteracted the activity of IL-1 and reprogrammed human mono-DCs to promote Th1-like cells rather than Th17 in response to beta-glucan. Our data provide evidence that IL-1 and IFN-gamma promote distinct adaptive immune responses against the fungal and bacterial component beta-glucan by differentially modulating the DC programming. They also suggest potential strategies to modulate the immunity against beta-glucan containing pathogens.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Petr, Sima, and Vetvicka Vaclav. "β-Glucan in Allergies." American Journal of Immunology 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2017.73.80.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Kurochkina, Anna S., and Alla A. Krasnoshtanova. "Study of the sorption capacity of soluble forms of yeast beta-glucan." Butlerov Communications 63, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-63-9-43.

Full text

Abstract:

Beta-glucans are polysaccharides that consist of D-glucose residues linked together in the main and side chains by glycosidic bonds. They are obtained from plant and microbial raw materials. Beta-glucans obtained from various sources differ in molecular weight, backbone length, branching of additional chains and their number. Beta-(1,3,1,6)-glucan from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the highest physiological activity. The soluble fraction of beta-glucan has a higher physiological activity than its insoluble fraction. As a rule, soluble beta-glucans appear to be more potent immunostimulants than insoluble ones. In this regard, obtaining soluble forms of beta-glucan from yeast is relevant. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of the content of the soluble fraction in yeast beta-glucan on the ability to adsorb heavy metal ions, mycotoxins and cholesterol. Evaluation of the effectiveness of ultrasonic treatment for obtaining soluble forms of yeast beta-glucan was carried out. It was found that the maximum content of the soluble fraction, equal to 95%, at a frequency of ultrasonic treatment of 85 kHz for a laboratory sample of beta-glucan, is achieved with a treatment time of 20 min, and for a commercial one – in 30 min. The sorption properties of soluble forms of yeast beta-glucan with different content of the soluble fraction in relation to cholesterol, aflatoxin and bivalent copper cations were studied. The sorption capacity of samples of laboratory and commercial preparations of beta-glucan was determined for the above compounds. It was found that an increase in the content of the soluble fraction to more than 50% does not lead to a noticeable increase in the sorption capacity. It was shown that purified samples of beta-glucan have higher sorption characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Choma, Adam, and Iwona Komaniecka. "Characterisation of Mesorhizobium huakuii cyclic beta-glucan." Acta Biochimica Polonica 50, no. 4 (December 31, 2003): 1273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2003_3650.

Full text

Abstract:

Periplasmic and extracellular glucans of Mesorhizobium huakuii were isolated and characterized by compositional and MALDI-TOF analyses, as well as 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that M. huakuii produces a cyclic beta-glucan composed entirely of nonbranched glucose chains and unmodified by nonsugar substituents. The degree of polymerisation of the cyclic oligosaccharides was estimated to be in the range from 17 to 28. The most abundant glucan molecules contained 22 glucose residues. Glucose residues within the glucan were connected by beta-(1,2) glycosidic linkages. The cyclic glucan produced by M. huakuii is quite similar to the periplasmic beta-(1,2) glucans synthesized by Agrobacterium and Sinorhizobium genera. The synthesis of beta-glucan in M. huakuii is osmoregulated and this glucan could function as an osmoprotectant in free living cells.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

ÖZKAN, Ayşe, Serhan KÜPELİ, Metin ÇİL, Gülay SEZGİN, and İbrahim BAYRAM. "Pediatrik sarkom hastalarında profilaktik beta-glukan kullanımının nötropenik ateş sıklığı ve sağkalım üzerine etkisi." Cukurova Medical Journal 47, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1039267.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: Some patients with cancer use herbal therapy as an adjunct while receiving conventional cancer treatments. Beta-glucans have direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells as well as stimulatory effects on the immune system. In this study, a nutritional supplement containing 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan obtained from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used by patients diagnosed with sarcoma, and this study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the effect of beta-glucan use on the incidence of neutropenic fever (NF) and survival rates. Materials and Methods: Among the patients diagnosed with sarcoma between 2014 and 2017, 27 patients who used beta-glucan were included in the beta-glucan group, and 31 patients who did not use beta-glucan were included in the control group. The clinical records of patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The number of patients who had NF and the mean length of hospital stay due to NF were higher in the beta-glucan group than those in the control group, but the results were not statistically significant. The overall survival rates at 5 years were 83.3% and 52.9% and event-free survival rates at 5 years were 48.1% and 71% in the beta-glucan and control groups, respectively. Conclusion: The effect of prophylactic beta-glucan use on the incidence of NF and survival rates in pediatric patients with sarcoma should be evaluated more reliably in further prospective studies on a large patient group.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Han, Ning, Chenglong Na, Yuqiong Chai, Jianshu Chen, Zhongbo Zhang, Bin Bai, Hongwu Bian, Yuhong Zhang, and Muyuan Zhu. "Over-expression of (1,3;1,4)-β -D-glucanase isoenzyme EII gene results in decreased (1,3;1,4)-β -D-glucan content and increased starch level in barley grains." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97, no. 1 (April 13, 2016): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7695.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Roemer, T., S. Delaney, and H. Bussey. "SKN1 and KRE6 define a pair of functional homologs encoding putative membrane proteins involved in beta-glucan synthesis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 7 (July 1993): 4039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.7.4039-4048.1993.

Full text

Abstract:

KRE6 encodes a predicted type II membrane protein which, when disrupted, results in a slowly growing, killer toxin-resistant mutant possessing half the normal level of a structurally wild-type cell wall (1-->6)-beta-glucan (T. Roemer and H. Bussey, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:11295-11299, 1991). The mutant phenotype and structure of the KRE6 gene product, Kre6p, suggest that it may be a beta-glucan synthase component, implying that (1-->6)-beta-glucan synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is functionally redundant. To examine this possibility, we screened a multicopy genomic library for suppression of both the slow-growth and killer resistance phenotypes of a kre6 mutant and identified SKN1, which encodes a protein sharing 66% overall identity to Kre6p. SKN1 suppresses kre6 null alleles in a dose-dependent manner, though disruption of the SKN1 locus has no effect on killer sensitivity, growth, or (1-->6)-beta-glucan levels. skn1 kre6 double disruptants, however, showed a dramatic reduction in both (1-->6)-beta-glucan levels and growth rate compared with either single disruptant. Moreover, the residual (1-->6)-beta-glucan polymer in skn1 kre6 double mutants is smaller in size and altered in structure. Since single disruptions of these genes lead to structurally wild-type (1-->6)-beta-glucan polymers, Kre6p and Skn1p appear to function independently, possibly in parallel, in (1-->6)-beta-glucan biosynthesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Roemer, T., S. Delaney, and H. Bussey. "SKN1 and KRE6 define a pair of functional homologs encoding putative membrane proteins involved in beta-glucan synthesis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 7 (July 1993): 4039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.7.4039.

Full text

Abstract:

KRE6 encodes a predicted type II membrane protein which, when disrupted, results in a slowly growing, killer toxin-resistant mutant possessing half the normal level of a structurally wild-type cell wall (1-->6)-beta-glucan (T. Roemer and H. Bussey, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:11295-11299, 1991). The mutant phenotype and structure of the KRE6 gene product, Kre6p, suggest that it may be a beta-glucan synthase component, implying that (1-->6)-beta-glucan synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is functionally redundant. To examine this possibility, we screened a multicopy genomic library for suppression of both the slow-growth and killer resistance phenotypes of a kre6 mutant and identified SKN1, which encodes a protein sharing 66% overall identity to Kre6p. SKN1 suppresses kre6 null alleles in a dose-dependent manner, though disruption of the SKN1 locus has no effect on killer sensitivity, growth, or (1-->6)-beta-glucan levels. skn1 kre6 double disruptants, however, showed a dramatic reduction in both (1-->6)-beta-glucan levels and growth rate compared with either single disruptant. Moreover, the residual (1-->6)-beta-glucan polymer in skn1 kre6 double mutants is smaller in size and altered in structure. Since single disruptions of these genes lead to structurally wild-type (1-->6)-beta-glucan polymers, Kre6p and Skn1p appear to function independently, possibly in parallel, in (1-->6)-beta-glucan biosynthesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Doblin, M. S., F. A. Pettolino, S. M. Wilson, R. Campbell, R. A. Burton, G. B. Fincher, E. Newbigin, and A. Bacic. "A barley cellulose synthase-like CSLH gene mediates (1,3;1,4)- -D-glucan synthesis in transgenic Arabidopsis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 14 (March 25, 2009): 5996–6001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0902019106.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Lopez-Sanchez, Patricia, Dongjie Wang, Zhiyan Zhang, Bernadine Flanagan, and Michael J. Gidley. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of arabinoxylan and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan gels produced by cryo-gelation." Carbohydrate Polymers 151 (October 2016): 862–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.038.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Abreu, Janessa S., Richard P. Brinn, Levy C. Gomes, Dawn Michelle McComb, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Sérgio F. Zaiden, Elisabeth C. Urbinati, and Jaydione L. Marcon. "Effect of beta 1,3 glucan in stress responses of the pencilfish (Nannostomus trifasciatus) during transport within the rio Negro basin." Neotropical Ichthyology 12, no. 3 (June 23, 2014): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130121.

Full text

Abstract:

We investigated the use of beta 1,3 glucan as an imunostimulant during a transport experiment to determine the effects upon the stress response of the pencilfish (Nannostomus trifasciatus). Pencilfish were fed for seven days with different concentrations of beta 1,3 glucan: 0.0% (control); 0.01%; 0.1% and 0.5% of beta 1,3 glucan per kg of feed-1. Fish were then transported for 24 hours by boat from Barcelos to Manaus. The highest dose of beta 1,3 glucan in the food increased Na+influx after 12 hours of transport and 0.1 and 0.5% beta 1,3 glucan maintained the flux of both ions close to zero at 24 hours. All doses of beta 1,3 glucan reduced K+ loss significantly in the beginning of the transport, but after 12 to 24 hours did not. No significant differences in whole body cortisol or survival were observed. Our results indicate that pencilfish had ionic alterations during transport from Barcelos to Manaus. The lack of significant differences in whole body cortisol and survival rate in addition to the maintenance of Na+ and K+ balance during transport reinforce the positive effects of beta 1,3 glucan immunostimulant on fish homeostasis. Therefore, we recommend its addition to food prior to transport.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Preece, Kayla E., Róbert Glávits, Timothy S. Murbach, John R. Endres, Gábor Hirka, Adél Vértesi, and Ilona Pasics Szakonyiné. "Assessment of toxicological potential of sodium carboxymethyl beta-glucan, a novel beta-glucan." Food and Chemical Toxicology 152 (June 2021): 112226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112226.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Pham, Khanh Ngoc, Nguyen Duy Nhut, and Nguyen Manh Cuong. "New method for preparing purity β-D-glucans (beta-Glucan) from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)." Science and Technology Development Journal 23, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v23i3.2051.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: β-D-glucans (beta-Glucan), a water-soluble polysaccharide with diversity physiological activities for applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Methods: In this paper, we report the use of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl on the extraction and isolation of β-glucan from baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The β-D-glucans precipitated by adding water into the solution and obtained by filtration or centrifugation were pure, cleaned, and free of cell membranes. Results: The beta-glucan was obtained as white precipitates after adding water into the mixed solution. The 1D and 2D-NMR spectrum and titration methods applied for qualitative and quantitative determination showed that the beta-glucan product contained 78.2% 1,3-β-D glucan with 98.4% purity. Conclusion: This method can be used to prepare purified beta-glucan from baker’s yeast.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Stack, Helena M., Niamh Kearney, Catherine Stanton, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, and R. Paul Ross. "Association of Beta-Glucan Endogenous Production with Increased Stress Tolerance of Intestinal Lactobacilli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 2 (November 20, 2009): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01524-09.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The exopolysaccharide beta-glucan has been reported to be associated with many health-promoting and prebiotic properties. The membrane-associated glycosyltransferase enzyme (encoded by the gtf gene), responsible for microbial beta-glucan production, catalyzes the conversion of sugar nucleotides into beta-glucan. In this study, the gtf gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 was heterologously expressed in Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338. When grown in the presence of glucose (7%, wt/vol), the recombinant strain (pNZ44-GTF+) displayed a “ropy” phenotype, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed strands of polysaccharide-linking neighboring cells. Beta-glucan biosynthesis was confirmed by agglutination tests carried out with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37-specific antibodies, which specifically detect glucan-producing cells. Further analysis showed a ∼2-fold increase in viscosity in broth media for the beta-glucan-producing strain over 24 h compared to the control strain, which did not show any significant increase in viscosity. In addition, we analyzed the ability of beta-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 to survive both technological and gastrointestinal stresses. Heat stress assays revealed that production of the polysaccharide was associated with significantly increased protection during heat stress (60-fold), acid stress (20-fold), and simulated gastric juice stress (15-fold). Bile stress assays revealed a more modest but significant 5.5-fold increase in survival for the beta-glucan-producing strain compared to that of the control strain. These results suggest that production of a beta-glucan exopolysaccharide by strains destined for use as probiotics may afford them greater performance/protection during cultivation, processing, and ingestion. As such, expression of the gtf gene may prove to be a straightforward approach to improve strains that might otherwise prove sensitive in such applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Desamero, Mark Joseph Maranan, Soo-Hyun Chung, and Shigeru Kakuta. "Insights on the Functional Role of Beta-Glucans in Fungal Immunity Using Receptor-Deficient Mouse Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094778.

Full text

Abstract:

Understanding the host anti-fungal immunity induced by beta-glucan has been one of the most challenging conundrums in the field of biomedical research. During the last couple of decades, insights on the role of beta-glucan in fungal disease progression, susceptibility, and resistance have been greatly augmented through the utility of various beta-glucan cognate receptor-deficient mouse models. Analysis of dectin-1 knockout mice has clarified the downstream signaling pathways and adaptive effector responses triggered by beta-glucan in anti-fungal immunity. On the other hand, assessment of CR3-deficient mice has elucidated the compelling action of beta-glucans in neutrophil-mediated fungal clearance, and the investigation of EphA2-deficient mice has highlighted its novel involvement in host sensing and defense to oral mucosal fungal infection. Based on these accounts, this review focuses on the recent discoveries made by these gene-targeted mice in beta-glucan research with particular emphasis on the multifaceted aspects of fungal immunity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Cramer, Daniel, Stephanie Wagner, Bing Li, Jingjing Liu, Richard Hansen, Ryan Reca, Mariusz Ratajczak, and Jun Yan. "Beta-Glucan Induced Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Requires Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (81.8)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.81.8.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Despite advances in stem cell mobilization and techniques, up to 20–25% of patients exhibit poor mobilization and are not able to proceed with auto-transplantation. PGG beta-glucan is a soluble yeast-derived polysaccharide and has been shown previously to induce hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization. However, the mechanism of action has not been defined. In the current study, we demonstrated that PGG beta-glucan alone was able to mobilize peripheral HSPC at both doses (4.8mg/kg and 9.2mg/kg) after 24 hrs. The combination group (G-CSF/PGG-4.8mg/kg) showed an almost two-fold increase in CFUs compared to the standard of G-CSF alone. Further studies demonstrated that PGG beta-glucan mobilized HSPC via a C or CR3 independent mechanism and did not induce appreciable levels of cytokine secretion. Strikingly, BM cells from PGG beta-glucan mobilized mice secreted abundant matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). PGG beta-glucan-induced HSPC mobilization was abrogated in MMP-9 KO mice. Further studies from BM chimeras demonstrated that hematopoietic BM cells and possibly BM endothelial cells stimulated with PGG beta-glucan secreted MMP-9. Taken together, these data suggest that PGG beta-glucan is an agent that enhances HSPC mobilization alone and has a synergistic effect when used in conjunction with G-CSF. This process requires active MMP-9, which results from release of pro-MMP-9 from BM cells.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Czop, J. K., M. F. Gurish, and J. L. Kadish. "Production and isolation of rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against the human monocyte receptor for yeast beta-glucans." Journal of Immunology 145, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 995–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.145.3.995.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract beta-Glucan receptors are present on mammalian phagocytic cells and provide an important physiologic mechanism for opsonin-independent clearance of yeasts and fungi. To prepare an immunologic probe to human monocyte beta-glucan receptors, an approach was taken that focused on the ligand specificity of the receptors as expressed by an anti-Id. The algal beta-glucan laminarin was chemically coupled to protein carriers to prepare an immunogenic beta-glucan. Three mouse IgG2a mAb were raised against laminarin, and one, mAb OEA10, exhibited specificity for the soluble unit ligand yeast heptaglucoside and the ligands present on zymosan and glucan particles that are recognized by monocyte beta-glucan receptors. These findings prompted usage of mAb OEA10 as immunogen for the preparation of an anti-Id. The resulting rabbit antiserum was subjected to sequential immunoaffinity chromatography to purify anti-idiotypic antibodies. The final product contained only IgG by SDS-PAGE and was shown to be specific by its selectively blocking binding of 125I-mAb OEA10 to laminarin. Pretreatment of adherent monocytes with 0.4 micrograms/ml of the anti-Id reduced the numbers of monocytes ingesting zymosan and glucan particles by 64 and 43%, respectively, whereas ingestion of IgG-coated SRBC was unaffected by as much as 16 micrograms/ml of the anti-Id. Incubation of adherent monocytes with increasing amounts of 125I-anti-Id in the absence and presence of 40-fold molar excess unlabeled anti-Id revealed dose-dependent specific binding, which approached plateau levels with 1 microgram/ml of labeled anti-Id. Thus, the anti-Id binds to monocytes and displays functional characteristics of soluble beta-glucan ligands, indicating that some of the anti-idiotypic antibodies recognize epitopes within monocyte beta-glucan receptors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Hughes, Jaimee, and Sara Grafenauer. "Oat and Barley in the Food Supply and Use of Beta Glucan Health Claims." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 2556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082556.

Full text

Abstract:

Beta glucan is a type of soluble dietary fibre found in oats and barley with known cholesterol-lowering benefits. Many countries globally have an approved beta glucan health claim related to lowering blood cholesterol, an important biomarker for cardiovascular disease. However, the use of these claims has not been examined. The aim of this study was to explore the range and variety of oat and barley products in the Australian and global market within a defined range of grain food and beverage categories and examine the frequency of beta glucan health claims. Australian data were collected via a recognised nutrition audit process from the four major Australian supermarkets in metropolitan Sydney (January 2018 and September 2020) and Mintel Global New Product Database was used for global markets where a claim is permitted. Categories included breakfast cereals, bread, savoury biscuits, grain-based muesli bars, flour, noodles/pasta and plant-based milk alternatives and information collected included ingredients lists and nutrition and health claims. Products from Australia (n = 2462) and globally (n = 44,894) were examined. In Australia, 37 products (1.5%) made use of the beta glucan claim (84% related to oat beta glucan and 16% related to barley beta glucan, specifically BARLEYmax®). Of products launched globally, 0.9% (n = 403) displayed beta glucan cholesterol-lowering claims. Despite the number of products potentially eligible to make beta glucan claims, their use in Australia and globally is limited. The value of dietary modification in cardiovascular disease treatment and disease progression deserves greater focus, and health claims are an opportunity to assist in communicating the role of food in the management of health and disease. Further assessment of consumer understanding of the available claims would be of value.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Elg, Fredrik, John Posnett, and Sharon Hunt. "Cost-effectiveness of soluble beta-glucan gel in hard-to-heal wounds: an evaluation." Journal of Wound Care 28, no. 7 (July 2, 2019): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2019.28.7.454.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a soluble beta-glucan-containing gel as short-term adjunct therapy in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds in a UK community health-care setting. Methods: A comparative clinical evaluation involving consecutive patients treated for up to eight weeks with a beta-glucan-containing gel as adjunct to standard care. This was compared with consecutive patients as retrospective controls, and using the same standard care protocol from a year previously. The inclusion criteria was wounds that were slow-healing or stalled (<40% healing in four weeks). Results: A total of 300 patients took part. Complete follow-up at 24 weeks was available for 144 patients in the beta-glucan group, and 136 patients in the standard care group. At 24 weeks, the beta-glucan group had a 96% healing rate compared with 75% in the standard care group (p<0.001). The improvement in healing was associated with a reduction in the mean number of weeks of treatment per patient (7.2 and 10.7 for beta-glucan and standard care, respectively), and a reduction in the mean cost of treatment (£576 versus £685 for beta-glucan and standard care, respectively). Treatment costs included nursing time, prescription medications and dressings. In a subset of ulcer wounds (50% of the full sample), at 24 weeks the beta-glucan group had a 92% healing rate compared with 46% in the standard care group (p<0.001). Mean weeks of treatment were 10.4 versus 17.6, leading to a reduction in treatment cost of £388 per patient (£1227 versus £839) over 24 weeks. Conclusion: The results of this evaluation suggest that short-term use of the beta-glucan gel as an adjunct to standard care on slow-healing wounds can shorten healing times and reduce NHS costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Siebers, R., A. Parkes, and J. Crane. "beta-(1,3)-glucan on pillows." Allergy 61, no. 7 (July 2006): 901–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01111.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Alp, Harun, Sefer Varol, Muhammet Murat Celik, Murat Altas, Osman Evliyaoglu, Orhan Tokgoz, Mehmet Halis Tanrıverdi, and Ertugrul Uzar. "Protective Effects of Beta Glucan and Gliclazide on Brain Tissue and Sciatic Nerve of Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozosin." Experimental Diabetes Research 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/230342.

Full text

Abstract:

There have not been yet enough studies about effects of beta glucan and gliclazide on oxidative stress created by streptozotocin in the brain and sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. The aim of this paper was to investigate the antioxidant effects of gliclazide and beta glucan on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation created by streptozotosin in brain and sciatic nerve. Total of 42 rats were divided into 6 groups including control, diabetic untreated (DM) (only STZ, diabetic), STZ (DM) + beta glucan, STZ (DM) + gliclazide, only beta glucan treated (no diabetic), and only gliclazide treated (no diabetic). The brain and sciatic nerve tissue samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and paraoxonase (PON-1) levels. We found a significant increase in MDA, TOS, and OSI along with a reduction in TAS level, catalase, and PON-1 activities in brain and sciatic nerve of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Also, this study shows that in terms of these parameters both gliclazide and beta glucan have a neuroprotective effect on the brain and sciatic nerve of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Our conclusion was that gliclazide and beta glucan have antioxidant effects on the brain and sciatic nerve of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Elstad, M. R., C. J. Parker, F. S. Cowley, L. A. Wilcox, T. M. McIntyre, S. M. Prescott, and G. A. Zimmerman. "CD11b/CD18 integrin and a beta-glucan receptor act in concert to induce the synthesis of platelet-activating factor by monocytes." Journal of Immunology 152, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.152.1.220.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract We determined the mechanism by which opsonized zymosan particles, which are derived from yeast and composed of carbohydrate polymers, stimulate platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis by monocytes. A role for CD11b/CD18 was demonstrated because antibodies to this integrin decreased PAF synthesis, zymosan bearing only a ligand for CD11b/CD18 (iC3b) induced the synthesis of PAF, and monocytes that did not express CD11b/CD18 produced much less PAF than control monocytes. Ligation of CD11b/CD18 was not sufficient for PAF synthesis suggesting that an additional receptor was involved. Monocytes are known to bind beta-glucan which is a major component of zymosan. Opsonized beta-glucan particles stimulated the synthesis of PAF, and a soluble form of beta-glucan partially inhibited PAF synthesis in response to opsonized zymosan. Two lines of evidence suggested that the beta-glucan receptor mediating this response was distinct from CD11b/CD18. First, CD11b/CD18-deficient monocytes produced PAF when stimulated by zymosan opsonized with isolated C3b, a molecule that binds to complement receptor type 1 (CD35). Second, inducing contact of monocytes with zymosan by centrifugation resulted in PAF synthesis that was not inhibited by antibodies to CD11b/CD18. The combination of soluble beta-glucan and antibodies to CD11b/CD18 completely blocked PAF synthesis in response to opsonized zymosan. Together, these results demonstrate that induction of maximal PAF synthesis by serum-opsonized zymosan requires the concerted interactions of monocyte receptors for iC3b and beta-glucan. Additionally, they suggest that CD11b/CD18 facilitates binding of the particle and that a beta-glucan receptor transduces the activation signal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Thornton, B. P., V. Vĕtvicka, M. Pitman, R. C. Goldman, and G. D. Ross. "Analysis of the sugar specificity and molecular location of the beta-glucan-binding lectin site of complement receptor type 3 (CD11b/CD18)." Journal of Immunology 156, no. 3 (February 1, 1996): 1235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.3.1235.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Zymosan, the cell wall from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was reported to be a macrophage activator through its beta-glucan over 30 yr ago. Nevertheless, the identity of the beta-glucan receptor has been controversial. This study showed that the alpha M beta 2-integrin, CR3 (Mac-1, CD11b/CD18) served as the beta-glucan receptor through one or more lectin sites located outside of the CD11b I-domain that contains the binding sites for iC3b, ICAM-1, and fibrinogen. Sugar specificity, analyzed with FITC-labeled soluble polysaccharides and flow cytometry, showed CR3-specific staining with several pure beta-glucans but not with alpha-mannan. However, a 10-kDa soluble zymosan polysaccharide (SZP) with high affinity (6.7 x 10(-8) M) for CR3 consisted largely of mannose and approximately 5% glucose. Binding of either SZP-FITC or beta-glucan-FITC to CR3 was blocked not only by pure beta-glucans from yeast, mushroom, seaweed, or barley, but also by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NADG), alpha- or beta-methylmannoside, and alpha- or beta-methyl-glucoside. SZP-FITC and beta-glucan-FITC stained all leukocyte types similarly to anti-CR3-FITC, and polysaccharide-FITC staining was inhibited > or = 95% by unlabeled anti-CR3. SZP-FITC staining of cells expressing recombinant chimeras between CR3 and CR4 (p150,95, CD11c/CD18) suggested that both the divalent cation-binding region of CD11b and the region C-terminal to it may regulate binding of polysaccharides to CR3. Unlabeled SZP or beta-glucan also blocked CR3 staining by 11 mAb to C-terminal domain epitopes of CD11b but had no effect on staining by mAb directed to the I-domain. In conclusion, CR3 serves as the leukocyte beta-glucan receptor through a cation-independent lectin site located C-terminal to the I-domain of CD11b. Its sugar specificity is broader than originally appreciated, allowing it to react with certain polysaccharides containing mannose or NADG, as well as glucose.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Boone, C., S. S. Sommer, A. Hensel, and H. Bussey. "Yeast KRE genes provide evidence for a pathway of cell wall beta-glucan assembly." Journal of Cell Biology 110, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 1833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.110.5.1833.

Full text

Abstract:

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae KRE1 gene encodes a Ser/Thr-rich protein, that is directed into the yeast secretory pathway, where it is highly modified, probably through addition of O-linked mannose residues. Gene disruption of the KRE1 locus leads to a 40% reduced level of cell wall (1----6)-beta-glucan. Structural analysis of the (1----6)-beta-glucan fraction, isolated from a strain with a krel disruption mutation, showed that it had an altered structure with a smaller average polymer size. Mutations in two other loci, KRE5 and KRE6 also lead to a defect in cell wall (1----6)-beta-glucan production and appear to be epistatic to KRE1. These findings outline a possible pathway of assembly of yeast cell wall (1----6)-beta-glucan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Soltanian, S., MN Adloo, M. Hafeziyeh, and N. Ghadimi. "Effect of β-Glucan on cold-stress resistance of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)." Veterinární Medicína 59, No. 9 (November 4, 2014): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7684-vetmed.

Full text

Abstract:

These experiments were performed to determine the effects of dietary β-glucan on stress responses of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Fish were fed for nine weeks with a diet containing 0 (control), 0.5% (G1), 1% (G2) and 2% (G3 group) β-glucan. Subsequently, stress responses were studied by evaluating serum cortisol and glucose levels following a constant 24 h cold shock (from 28 °C to 15 °C). Serum cortisol and glucose concentrations were measured after cold treatments of varying durations (prior to, and after one, 12 and 24 h of cold shock stress, respectively). No differences in serum cortisol and glucose levels were found between control and β-glucan-treated fish. However, the mortality rate was significantly lowered in cold challenged fish fed appropriate doses of β-glucan (in G1 and G2 vs. G3 and control group). The results of the present study demonstrate that a proper administrationβ--glucan in the diet could ameliorate the detrimental effects of a severe stress resulting in a reduction in fish mortality.  

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Alexander, Matthew P., Steven N. Fiering, Gary R. Ostroff, Robert A. Cramer, and David W. Mullins. "Beta-glucan-induced trained innate immunity mediates antitumor efficacy in the mouse lung." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 142.24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.142.24.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The innate arm of the vertebrate immune system has classically been regarded as nonspecific and lacking the capacity for adaptive responses, in contrast to the adaptive arm defined by its robust memory responses. Recent high impact work has demonstrated enhanced non-specific responses of innate immune cells to pathogens and malignancy after priming with the fungal cell wall component beta-glucan, a phenomenon termed trained innate immunity (TII). In a pathogen model, the training effect was mediated by epigenetic modifications underlying a metabolic shift to mTOR- and HIF1α-mediated aerobic glycolysis. To investigate whether these same pathways play a role in non-specific enhancement of antitumor responses, we assessed beta-glucan-mediated anti-tumor efficacy in a mouse model of metastatic melanoma. We observed that systemic pretreatment with a particulate beta-glucan significantly diminished the growth of metastatic-like B16 melanoma in the lungs, but not initial tumor cell engraftment. Further, lungs in beta-glucan treated animals had a robust myeloid immune infiltrate, particularly neutrophils and monocytes. Interestingly, initial studies demonstrate that tumor suppressed HIF1α expression, and beta-glucan pretreatment prevented this suppression. These results are consistent with beta-glucan induction of TII, leading to suppression of cancer growth. By extension, TII may modulate the immunogenic nature of the tumor microenvironment, thereby acting as an adjuvant to enhance the efficacy of existing therapies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Janusz, M. J., K. F. Austen, and J. K. Czop. "Lysosomal enzyme release from human monocytes by particulate activators is mediated by beta-glucan inhibitable receptors." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 11 (June 1, 1987): 3897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.11.3897.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Human peripheral blood monocytes ingest particulate activators and generate leukotrienes via a trypsin-sensitive, beta-glucan-inhibitable receptor. The incubation of monolayers of monocytes with from 4 X 10(5) to 2 X 10(8) zymosan or glucan particles resulted in a dose-dependent release of up to 9% +/- 1.9 and 17.8% +/- 5.3 (mean +/- SD, n = 3) of the lysosomal enzyme, N-acetylglucosaminidase, into the culture medium. Lysosomal enzyme release occurred throughout the 2-hr period studied, with the greatest rate of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase release occurring during the first hour; the presence of 5 micrograms/ml of cytochalasin B accelerated this process when zymosan was the agonist. The preincubation of monocytes with from 0.5 to 500 micrograms/ml of soluble yeast beta-glucan inhibited N-acetylglucosaminidase release by 4 X 10(7) zymosan and glucan particles in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition occurring with 50 micrograms/ml of soluble yeast beta-glucan (mean +/- SD, n = 3). Preincubation with as much as 5 mg/ml of yeast mannan had no inhibitory effect on N-acetylglucosaminidase release. The pretreatment for 30 min of monolayers of monocytes with 50 micrograms/ml of affinity-purified trypsin, which selectively inactivates the monocyte-phagocytic response to particulate activators, also fully inhibited lysosomal enzyme release induced by zymosan and glucan particles. The inhibitory effects of a soluble ligand, yeast beta-glucan, and of trypsin pretreatment on lysosomal enzyme release correspond to the inhibitory effect of these agents on monocyte phagocytosis of zymosan and glucan particles and thus indicates ligand specificity for the beta-glucan receptor in the release of stored intracellular mediators.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Roemer, T., G. Paravicini, M. A. Payton, and H. Bussey. "Characterization of the yeast (1-->6)-beta-glucan biosynthetic components, Kre6p and Skn1p, and genetic interactions between the PKC1 pathway and extracellular matrix assembly." Journal of Cell Biology 127, no. 2 (October 15, 1994): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.127.2.567.

Full text

Abstract:

A characterization of the S. cerevisiae KRE6 and SKN1 gene products extends previous genetic studies on their role in (1-->6)-beta-glucan biosynthesis (Roemer, T., and H. Bussey. 1991. Yeast beta-glucan synthesis: KRE6 encodes a predicted type II membrane protein required for glucan synthesis in vivo and for glucan synthase activity in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:11295-11299; Roemer, T., S. Delaney, and H. Bussey. 1993. SKN1 and KRE6 define a pair of functional homologs encoding putative membrane proteins involved in beta-glucan synthesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:4039-4048). KRE6 and SKN1 are predicted to encode homologous proteins that participate in assembly of the cell wall polymer (1-->6)-beta-glucan. KRE6 and SKN1 encode phosphorylated integral-membrane glycoproteins, with Kre6p likely localized within a Golgi subcompartment. Deletion of both these genes is shown to result in a dramatic disorganization of cell wall ultrastructure. Consistent with their direct role in the assembly of this polymer, both Kre6p and Skn1p possess COOH-terminal domains with significant sequence similarity to two recently identified glucan-binding proteins. Deletion of the yeast protein kinase C homolog, PKC1, leads to a lysis defect (Levin, D. E., and E. Bartlett-Heubusch. 1992. Mutants in the S. cerevisiae PKC1 gene display a cell cycle-specific osmotic stability defect. J. Cell Biol. 116:1221-1229). Kre6p when even mildly overproduced, can suppress this pkc1 lysis defect. When mutated, several KRE pathway genes and members of the PKC1-mediated MAP kinase pathway have synthetic lethal interactions as double mutants. These suppression and synthetic lethal interactions, as well as reduced beta-glucan and mannan levels in the pkc1 null wall, support a role for the PKC1 pathway functioning in cell wall assembly. PKC1 potentially participates in cell wall assembly by regulating the synthesis of cell wall components, including (1-->6)-beta-glucan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Meaden, P., K. Hill, J. Wagner, D. Slipetz, S. S. Sommer, and H. Bussey. "The yeast KRE5 gene encodes a probable endoplasmic reticulum protein required for (1----6)-beta-D-glucan synthesis and normal cell growth." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 6 (June 1990): 3013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.6.3013-3019.1990.

Full text

Abstract:

Yeast kre mutants define a pathway of cell wall (1----6)-beta-D-glucan synthesis, and mutants in genes KRE5 and KRE6 appear to interact early in such a pathway. We have cloned KRE5, and the sequence predicts the product to be a large, hydrophilic, secretory glycoprotein which contains the COOH-terminal endoplasmic reticulum retention signal, HDEL. Deletion of the KRE5 gene resulted in cells with aberrant morphology and extremely compromised growth. Suppressors to the KRE5 deletions arose at a frequency of 1 in 10(7) to 1 in 10(8) and permitted an analysis of deletions which were found to contain no alkali-insoluble (1----6)-beta-D-glucan. These results indicate a role for (1----6)-beta-D-glucan in normal cell growth and suggest a model for sequential assembly of (1----6)-beta-D-glucan in the yeast secretory pathway.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Meaden, P., K. Hill, J. Wagner, D. Slipetz, S. S. Sommer, and H. Bussey. "The yeast KRE5 gene encodes a probable endoplasmic reticulum protein required for (1----6)-beta-D-glucan synthesis and normal cell growth." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 6 (June 1990): 3013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.6.3013.

Full text

Abstract:

Yeast kre mutants define a pathway of cell wall (1----6)-beta-D-glucan synthesis, and mutants in genes KRE5 and KRE6 appear to interact early in such a pathway. We have cloned KRE5, and the sequence predicts the product to be a large, hydrophilic, secretory glycoprotein which contains the COOH-terminal endoplasmic reticulum retention signal, HDEL. Deletion of the KRE5 gene resulted in cells with aberrant morphology and extremely compromised growth. Suppressors to the KRE5 deletions arose at a frequency of 1 in 10(7) to 1 in 10(8) and permitted an analysis of deletions which were found to contain no alkali-insoluble (1----6)-beta-D-glucan. These results indicate a role for (1----6)-beta-D-glucan in normal cell growth and suggest a model for sequential assembly of (1----6)-beta-D-glucan in the yeast secretory pathway.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Jamahari, Azreena, Wong Ling-Chie, Fan Xioalai, Liu Qiaoquan, Leong Sui Sien, Fauziah Abu Bakar, Amy Halimah Rajaee, Patricia King Jie Hung, Hairul Azman Roslan, and Wong Sie Chuong. "CHARACTERISATION OF HORDEUM VULGARE CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-LIKE F6 PROMOTER VIA TRANSGENE EXPRESSION IN RICE." Malaysian Journal of Science 40, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.6.

Full text

Abstract:

Beta-glucan in cereal crops is known as a functional food, which can reduce cardiovascular diseases by lowering blood cholesterol levels. However, beta-glucan content is relatively low in rice grains, despite being relatively abundant in barley and oat grains. Taking advantage of rice as the staple food for Asians, increasing beta-glucan content in rice for their consumption may help to reduce cardiovascular-related diseases among them. Previous attempts in increasing beta-glucan content in rice via transgene expression of beta-glucan synthase genes from barley into rice were unsuccessful due to the use of non-tissue specific as well as constitutively expressing promoter. The current transgenic expression study was performed to characterise the promoter of beta-glucan synthase gene in barley using beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Two fragments of HvCslF6 promoter (2771 bp and 1257 bp) were successfully fused with GUS reporter gene and integrated into rice plants, demonstrated that the promoter was functional in the heterologous plant system. The presence of blue GUS staining was observed on the leaf, root, stem, and grain of the transgenic rice regardless of the promoter length used and stayed functional up to the next generation. GUS qualitative analysis confirmed that the shorter promoter length generated a stronger GUS activity in comparison to the longer one. This indicated that the presence of repressor elements in between the -2771 bp and -1257 bp regions. The preliminary results shed light on the strong promoter activity in the rice endosperm tissue. It can become an alternative to the collection of plant promoters that can be used for grain quality improvement and biofortification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Lu, C. F., R. C. Montijn, J. L. Brown, F. Klis, J. Kurjan, H. Bussey, and P. N. Lipke. "Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-dependent cross-linking of alpha-agglutinin and beta 1,6-glucan in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall." Journal of Cell Biology 128, no. 3 (February 1, 1995): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.128.3.333.

Full text

Abstract:

The cell adhesion protein alpha-agglutinin is bound to the outer surface of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall and mediates cell-cell contact in mating. alpha-Agglutinin is modified by addition of a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor as it traverses the secretory pathway. The presence of a GPI anchor is essential for cross-linking into the wall, but the fatty acid and inositol components of the anchor are lost before cell wall association (Lu, C.-F., J. Kurjan, and P. N. Lipke, 1994. A pathway for cell wall anchorage of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-agglutinin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:4825-4833). Cell wall association of alpha-agglutinin was accompanied by an increase in size and a gain in reactivity to antibodies directed against beta 1,6-glucan. Several kre mutants, which have defects in synthesis of cell wall beta 1,6-glucan, had reduced molecular size of cell wall alpha-agglutinin. These findings demonstrate that the cell wall form of alpha-agglutinin is covalently associated with beta 1,6-glucan. The alpha-agglutinin biosynthetic precursors did not react with antibody to beta 1,6-glucan, and the sizes of these forms were unaffected in kre mutants. A COOH-terminal truncated form of alpha-agglutinin, which is not GPI anchored and is secreted into the medium, did not react with the anti-beta 1,6-glucan. We propose that extracellular cross-linkage to beta 1,6-glucan mediates covalent association of alpha-agglutinin with the cell wall in a manner that is dependent on prior addition of a GPI anchor to alpha-agglutinin.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Fehlbaum, Sophie, Kevin Prudence, Jasper Kieboom, Margreet Heerikhuisen, Tim van den Broek, Frank Schuren, Robert Steinert, and Daniel Raederstorff. "In Vitro Fermentation of Selected Prebiotics and Their Effects on the Composition and Activity of the Adult Gut Microbiota." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103097.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, the concept of prebiotics has been revisited to expand beyond non-digestible oligosaccharides, and the requirements for selective stimulation were extended to include microbial groups other than, and additional to, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Here, the gut microbiota-modulating effects of well-known and novel prebiotics were studied. An in vitro fermentation screening platform (i-screen) was inoculated with adult fecal microbiota, exposed to different dietary fibers that had a range of concentrations (inulin, alpha-linked galacto-oligosaccharides (alpha-GOS), beta-linked GOS, xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from corn cobs and high-fiber sugar cane, and beta-glucan from oats), and compared to a positive fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) control and a negative control (no fiber addition). All dietary fibers displayed prebiotic activity, with beta-glucan showing more distinct effects on the microbial composition and metabolism compared to the other fibers. Beta-glucan induced the growth of Prevotella and Roseburia with a concomitant increase in propionate production. Inulin and both forms of GOS and XOS had a strong bifidogenic effect on the microbial composition. A dose-response effect was observed for butyrate when exposed to beta-glucan and inulin. The findings of this study support the potential for alpha-GOS, XOS, and oat beta-glucan to serve as novel prebiotics, due to their association with the positive shifts in microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid production that point to potential health benefits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Nemeth, Csilla, Jackie Freeman, Huw D. Jones, Caroline Sparks, Till K. Pellny, Mark D. Wilkinson, Jim Dunwell, et al. "Down-Regulation of the CSLF6 Gene Results in Decreased (1,3;1,4)-β-d-Glucan in Endosperm of Wheat." Plant Physiology 152, no. 3 (January 20, 2010): 1209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.151712.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Cory, Aron T., Manu P. Gangola, Anthony Anyia, Monica Båga, and Ravindra N. Chibbar. "Genotype, environment and G × E interaction influence (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan fine structure in barley (Hordeum vulgareL.)." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 97, no. 3 (June 8, 2016): 743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7789.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Tapper, H., and R. Sundler. "Glucan receptor and zymosan-induced lysosomal enzyme secretion in macrophages." Biochemical Journal 306, no. 3 (March 15, 1995): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3060829.

Full text

Abstract:

A receptor for beta-glucan was in the present study shown to mediate binding of zymosan particles to resident mouse peritoneal macrophages. Lysosomal enzyme secretion in response to zymosan was maximal at a low particle/cell ratio, continuous for at least 3 h after particle/cell contact and inhibitable by soluble glucan. Latex particles of various size caused no selective secretory response, but at high particle/cell ratios were toxic. By use of a fluorescent ligand, the macrophage beta-glucan receptor was shown to be trypsin-sensitive, Ca2+/Mg(2+)-independent, recirculating and also present in an intracellular mobilizable pool. Binding of ligand to the beta-glucan receptor and inhibition of the lysosomal secretory response to zymosan were both more efficient with glucans of larger size, indicating that clustering of glucan receptors at the cell surface occurs. Such clustering could stabilize ligand binding by multiple interactions and possibly trigger intracellular signaling events on binding of zymosan particles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

&NA;. "Beta glucan exerts beneficial hypocholesterolaemic effects." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 783 (April 1991): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199107830-00020.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Martin Marais, Lovisa. "Health from grain: oat beta-glucan." Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 28, sup1 (February 24, 2017): 1343552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16512235.2017.1343552.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Kopiasz, Łukasz, Katarzyna Dziendzikowska, Małgorzata Gajewska, Jacek Wilczak, Joanna Harasym, Ewa Żyła, Dariusz Kamola, Michał Oczkowski, Tomasz Królikowski, and Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska. "Time-Dependent Indirect Antioxidative Effects of Oat Beta-Glucans on Peripheral Blood Parameters in the Animal Model of Colon Inflammation." Antioxidants 9, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050375.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Oat beta-glucans are polysaccharides, belonging to soluble fiber fraction, that show a wide spectrum of biological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent antioxidative effect of chemically pure oat beta-glucan fractions, characterized by different molar mass, which were fed to animals with early stage of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) - induced colitis. Methods: The study was conducted on 150 adult male Sprague Dawley rats assigned to two groups—healthy control (H) and colitis (C) with colon inflammation induced by per rectum administration of TNBS. The animals from both groups were divided into 3 nutritional subgroups, receiving for 3, 7 or 21 days AIN-93M feed without beta-glucan (βG−) or with 1% (w/w) low molar mass oat beta-glucan (βGl+) or 1% (w/w) high molar mass oat beta-glucan (βGh+). After 3, 7 and 21 days, the animals were euthanized, peripheral blood was collected from the heart for further analysis. Results: The results of analyses performed on blood samples showed small changes in lymphocytes count and red blood cell parameters such as the number of red blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume (RBC, MCHC, MCV respectively) as well as normalization of antioxidant potential accompanying moderate inflammatory state of colon mucosa and submucosa. Conclusion: Oat beta-glucans exert an indirect antioxidant effect in animals with TNBS-induced colitis, with greater effectiveness in removing systemic effects of colon inflammation found for low molar mass oat beta-glucan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Li, L., and R. M. Brown Jr. "[beta]-Glucan Synthesis in the Cotton Fiber (II. Regulation and Kinetic Properties of [beta]-Glucan Synthases." Plant Physiology 101, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.101.4.1143.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic '(1,3;1,4)-beta-glucan'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles