Dissertations / Theses on the topic '(1,3;1,4)-β-glucan'
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Garcia, Gimenez Guillermo. "Regulation of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2019. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/fc549364-8ed1-4840-ad6c-b868cfebb28b.
Full textSchreiber, Miriam. "Identification of genes involved in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare)." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5e459c3c-9ba7-4fb6-a33b-02577ea185fa.
Full textAgbenorhevi, Jacob Kwaku. "Phase behaviour of oat β-glucan/sodium caseinate mixtures." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17475/.
Full textGranum, Espen. "Metabolism and function of β-1,3-glucan in marine diatoms." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-44.
Full textβ-1,3-Glucan (chrysolaminaran) is the principal storage polysaccharide in diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), the major primary producers in the sea. The glucan generally contributes a substantial fraction of the algal biomass, but its level varies markedly in response to growth conditions. The scope of this work was to study the metabolism and function of the polysaccharide in marine diatoms. Axenic cultures of the marine planktonic diatom Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve were used in the experiments. Glucan metabolism was studied by growing the alga in batch culture, and measuring metabolite fluxes by chemical analyses as well as by 14C tracer technique using labeled bicarbonate. A photobioreactor was developed for strictly controlled growth of microalgae. Fine pH regulation was obtained by relay-activated titration with dilute acid (HCl) and base (NaOH). Irradiance and temperature were also carefully controlled. Batch cultures were grown with a 14:10 h light:dark cycle, and pH curves were recorded during different growth phases.
A new method was developed for the combined determination of β-1,3-glucan and cell wall polysaccharides in diatoms, representing total cellular carbohydrate. The glucan is rapidly extracted by hot dilute H2SO4, and the cell wall polysaccharides are subsequently hydrolyzed by cold 80% H2SO4overnight. Each carbohydrate fraction is finally determined by the phenol-sulphuric acid method. This procedure is simple and rapid compared to previous methods, and applies well to laboratory cultures as well as natural phytoplankton populations dominated by diatoms.
Synthesis and mobilization of β-1,3-glucan in N-limited S. costatum were studied by combined 14C tracer technique and chemical analyses. Radiolabeled bicarbonate was added to the cultures, and 14C incorporation in different metabolites was determined using biochemical fractionation. In a pulse phase, 14C label was mainly incorporated in the glucan fraction (85%) during photosynthesis under nitrogen limitation. Subsequently, a 14C chase was carried out by adding NH4+ and incubating the cells under different light conditions. Radiolabeled glucan decreased significantly (by 26% in the dark, and by 19% in low light) whereas radiolabeled amino acids, proteins and other polysaccharides increased significantly during NH4+ assimilation. Chemical analyses of β-1,3-glucan and cellular free amino acids supported the 14C measurements. Changes in amino acid composition strongly indicated that de novo biosynthesis took place, with a Gln/Glu ratio increasing from 0.4 to 10. This study provides new evidence of β-1,3-glucan supplying carbon skeletons for synthesis of amino acids and protein in diatoms. Mobilization of glucan yields glucose, which is further metabolized by the respiratory pathways to provide precursors as well as energy. The results from the 14C chase also indicated significant synthesis of other polysaccharides or possibly RNA from glucan.
In a different study, dark carbon fixation in N-limited S. costatum was measured using 14C-bicarbonate. Addition of NH4+ resulted in 4-fold increase in carboxylation rate, and biochemical fractionation showed that mainly amino acids were radiolabeled. Chemical analyses confirmed that cellular free amino acids increased rapidly (with increasing Gln/Glu), and showed that cellular glucan decreased significantly (by 28%) during NH4+ assimilation. The results strongly indicate that β-carboxylation provides C4 precursors for amino acid synthesis, and β-1,3-glucan is likely to be the ultimate substrate for β-carboxylation. Moreover, a C/N uptake ratio of 0.33 indicated that β-carboxylation was related to protein synthesis.
A detailed study was made of the production of carbohydrates and amino acids by S. costatum during different growth phases. During exponential growth under diel light conditions, the glucan level oscillated between 17% (end of scotophase) and 42% (end of photophase) of cellular organic carbon, and the corresponding protein/glucan ratio alternated between 2.3 and 0.7. Concurrently, the cellular free amino acid pool oscillated between 8% (end of scotophase) and 22% (end of photophase) of cellular organic nitrogen, and the corresponding Gln/Glu ratio alternated between 0.05 and 2. Depletion of nitrogen from the medium resulted in rapid accumulation of glucan, reaching 75-80% of cellular organic carbon, whereas the cellular nitrogenous components decreased significantly. Consequently, the protein/glucan ratio decreased to <0.1. This study indicates that β-1,3-glucan functions both as a short-term diurnal reserve and a long-term stockpile reserve.
Field investigations by other workers suggest that glucan plays a very active role in the dynamics of natural diatom populations, and the protein/glucan ratio has been used as a sensitive parameter for nutrient status. The glucan dynamics may be involved in physiological control of buoyancy. Glucan accumulation by nutrient-deplete cells causes increased cellular density and sinking below the nutricline. Upon nutrient replenishment and mobilization of glucan, the cells rise toward the surface of the water column, thereby transporting deep nutrients to the euphotic zone. β-1,3-Glucan also seems to play an important role in the development of resting stages in diatoms.
Van, der Merwe Laurianne. "UDP-glucose: β-(1-3)-glucan (paramylon) synthase from Euglena gracilis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1560.
Full textThe photosynthetic protist Euglena gracilis synthesizes a storage carbohydrate named paramylon, a glucan consisting only of β-(1-3)-glycosidic linkages. The enzyme that produces paramylon is a glycosyltransferase commonly known as paramylon synthase (EC 2.4.1.34; UDP-glucose: 1,3-β-D-glucan 3-β-D-glucosyl transferase). This enzyme uses UDP-glucose as its main substrate. In 2001, Bäumer et al. isolated and partially purified paramylon synthase, but never presented any sequence information. Hence, the main aim of this project was to isolate and characterize the gene(s) coding for the paramylon synthase. Different approaches were taken in order to isolate and characterize the gene(s). In the first part of the study molecular techniques were used to try and identify the gene. The two methods used were library screening and PCR amplification. Different libraries were screened using either functional staining or an affinity probe. The second method concentrated on the use of degenerate oligonucleotides, based on the amino acid sequences of conserved regions from known β-(1-3)-glucan synthase genes from various organisms, to PCR amplify the gene sequence from Euglena. These approaches were not successful in the isolation of the gene(s). In the second part of the study protein purification techniques were used in an attempt to obtain de novo protein sequence from the purified paramylon synthase enzyme. Several protein purification techniques were tried with the most successful being preparative ultra centrifugation followed either by sucrose density centrifugation or product entrapment (a type of affinity purification). These resulted in partial purification of the paramylon synthase protein. The partially purified proteins were separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the polypeptides able to bind the precursor, UDP-glucose, were identified using a radiolabeled isotope of UDP-glucose. These polypeptides were subjected to LC-MS-MS in order to obtain sequence information from them. One tryptic fragment showed high homology to β-(1,3)-glucan synthase genes from different yeasts.
Marins, de Sa Roberta. "Study of β-glucan breakdown and endosperm modification during malting of barley." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/322.
Full textHancock, Robert D. "Exo-β-(1→3)-glucan (curdlan) biosynthesis by Agrobacterium sp. ATCC 31749." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14981.
Full textCox, Chasity Marie. "The effects of dietary β-glucan supplementation on performance and immune response of broiler chicks during an Eimeria challenge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46327.
Full textMaster of Science
Konishi, Teruko. "THE EXPRESSION OF SUCROSE SYNTHASE AND ITS ROLE IN PLANT β-GLUCAN SYNTHESIS." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149898.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第9606号
農博第1234号
新制||農||841(附属図書館)
学位論文||H14||N3638(農学部図書室)
UT51-2002-G364
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 酒井 富久美, 教授 關谷 次郎, 教授 島田 幹夫
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Tada, Toshio. "Structure and Viscoelastic Properties of Microbial β-1, 3-Glucan Solutions and Gels." Kyoto University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/182309.
Full textAsare, Shardrack O. "Optimized Acid/Base Extraction and Structural Characterization of β-glucan from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2513.
Full textKuhaudomlarp, Sakonwan. "The new families of β-(1→3)-glucan phosphorylases : identification, mechanisms and applications in carbohydrate synthesis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2018. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/68435/.
Full textNakai, Toru. "Antifungal Characterization of FK463, an Inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-Glucan Synthesis in Fungal Cell Walls." Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148347.
Full textPionnier, Nicolas. "Immunomodulation of the innate response in common carp Cyprinus carpio by β-glucan feeding and pathogenic infection." Thesis, Keele University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.699664.
Full textBjörklund, Thea. "Analysis of mixed-linkage (1-3, 1-4)-β-D-glucan in Swedish cereal cultivars and bread." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-74671.
Full textYoshida, Tomoki. "Chemical Properties of Corn Pericarp as a Renewable Resource." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188756.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第18318号
農博第2043号
新制||農||1021(附属図書館)
学位論文||H26||N4825(農学部図書室)
31176
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 本田 与一, 教授 星野 敏, 教授 縄田 栄治
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Coon, Melissa A. "Characterization and Variable Expression of the CslF6 Homologs in Oat (Avena sp.)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3750.
Full textFesel, Philipp [Verfasser], Alga [Gutachter] Zuccaro, and Paul [Gutachter] Schulze-Lefert. "Insights into β-glucan biology in mutualistic plant-microbe interactions / Philipp Fesel ; Gutachter: Alga Zuccaro, Paul Schulze-Lefert." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1152004980/34.
Full textMitra, Sabori. "Characterisation of physicochemical properties of different oat cultivars used in noodle processing: effects on quality and β-glucan." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/562.
Full textSamar, Danial. "Idenfitication and characterization of Tft1, a glycosyltransferase necessary for cell wall β,3-1,4-Glucan synthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3526.
Full textGarcia, Ely O. [Verfasser], Holger N. [Akademischer Betreuer] Deising, and Ralf T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Vögele. "Infection structure-specificity of β-1,3-glucan synthase is essential for pathogenicity of Colletotrichum graminicola and evasion of glucan-triggered immunity / Ely O. Garcia. Betreuer: Holger N. Deising ; Ralf T. Vögele." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035405628/34.
Full textEriksson, Maja. "Soluble β-glucan and heparin as modulators of the immune response elicited by vaccination against a tumor stromal antigen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230153.
Full textRao, Harpal. "Stimulus-response coupling in host-pathogen interactions of higher- plants - a study of β-1,3-D-glucan (callose) synthase." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627585.
Full textArthur, Clara. "Linkage Analysis and Compositional Studies of β-Glucan from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Compositional Studies of Mannan from Candida Albicans." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2537.
Full textAkramienė, Dalia. "Assessment of the modulation of photodynamic effect by β-glucan and characteristics of anti-CD7 monoclonal antibody during tumor process." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110309_111259-65000.
Full textImuninės sistemos aktyvinimas taikant fotosensibilizacinę terapiją (FNT) ir monokloninių antikūnų efektorinių funkcijų gerinimas yra vienas iš būdų, kaip naudoti ir sustiprinti organizmo imuninės sistemos veiksnių potencialą kovai su naviku. Navikinės ląstelės membranos paviršiuje nėra β-gliukano, todėl FNT metu negali būti aktyvinamas nuo komplemento receptoriaus 3 priklausomas ląstelės citotoksiškumo mechanizmas bei sukeliama navikinės ląstelės žūtis. Todėl galima tikėtis, kad β-gliukanas ir FNT, taikomi kartu, gali aktyvinti iC3b frag¬mento opsonizuotų navikinių ląstelių žūtį. Norint aktyvinti žmogaus imunines ląsteles priešnavikiniam poveikiui sukelti, pelės monokloniniam antikūnui būtina žmogaus imunoglobulino Fc dalis. Todėl pelės antikūno prieš CD7 vienos grandinės Fv fragmento sujungimas su žmogaus imunoglobulino G1 Fc dalimi baltymui gali suteikti idealias savybes. Tačiau, bet kokia monokloninio antikūno modifikacija gali keisti jo savybes ir, išskiriant baltymą, dėl daugiapakopio proceso ji gali keistis. Todėl, norint įvertinti chimerinio CD7-Fc antikūno identiškumą, grynumą, veiksmingumą bei saugumą, būtina atlikti tyrimus, kuriais būtų galima nustatyti, ar antikūnas išlaiko specifiškumą antigenui, kaip aktyviai jungiasi prie jo, ar aktyvina imuninius mechanizmus. Šio tyrimo metu buvo vertintas pelėms įskiepytos Luiso plaučių karcinomos atsakas į FNT moduliaciją β-gliukanu ir išgrynintas chimerinis antikūnas prieš CD7 bei ištirtos jo funkcinės savybės in vitro.
Sykes, Peter. "The characterisation and management of workers' exposure to dust, endotoxin and β-(1-3) glucan at large-scale composting facilities." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/3262.
Full textMatsumura, Yasufumi. "Quantitative real-time PCR and the (1→3)-β-D-glucan assay for differentiation between Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and colonization." Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157439.
Full textSalimi, Khorshidi Ali. "Use of ultrasound to determine the effects of sheeting work input and barley β-glucan addition on mechanical properties of Asian wheat noodles." Journal of Texture Studies, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31962.
Full textFebruary 2017
Cleary, Louise Jane. "The potential use of (1→3, 1→4)-β-D-glucan from barley as a functional food ingredient for cereal foods." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2525.
Full textKühlwein, Holger. "Effect of dietary β-glucan supplementation on growth, intestinal functionality and disease progression in selected cyprinids (Cyprinus carpio and Danio rerio)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2873.
Full textKimura, Takashi. "Studies on pharmacological activities of the cauliflower mushroom Sparassis crispa." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180630.
Full textTu, Fei. "Roles of Endothelial Cell Heat Shock Protein A12B and β-glucan, a reagent for trained Immunity in the Regulation of Inflammation in Sepsis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3792.
Full textTu, Fei. "Roles of Endothelial Cell Heat Shock Protein A12B and β-glucan, a reagent for trained Immunity in the Regulation of Inflammation in Sepsis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3792.
Full textGoulart, Fernanda Rodrigues. "Potencial prebiótico de diferentes concentrados de fibra alimentar na dieta de juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4364.
Full textThe traditional use of antibiotics in aquaculture as growth promoters has been limited due to the negative effects caused by these drugs. As an alternative to the use of these drugs has been sought manipulation of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of aquatic animals through the use of oligosaccharides and dietary fibers with prebiotic potential. Thus, this study aimed to apply different methodologies to obtain Dietary Fiber Concentrates (DFC) = mucilage (MG); pectin (PN) and β-glucan + manan (βG + M) and evaluate the prebiotic potential of these supplements in the diet of juvenile jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). The determination of the nutritional composition of the ingredients revealed that the predominant component in all DFCs were dietary fiber and insoluble fiber. The DFC that had higher extraction yield was βG + M (19.81 ± 8.54%), followed by pectin (14.54% ± 2.72), and mucilage (7.18 ± 1.54%). The composition of mucilage and pectin had a greater diversity of monosaccharides, since the βG+M consisted primarily of mannose (74.5%) and glucose (24.3%). The supplementation of DFC in jundiás diet was assessed for eight weeks through study of growth, body nutrient deposition, digestive enzymes, biochemical and metabolic parameters, responses to stress and immune and intestinal morphology. The jundiás supplemented with DFCs achieved higher growth than the control group and similar to animals supplemented with 5 g kg-1 commercial prebiotic (CP 5). Most somatic parameters and whole fish proximate composition were influenced by supplementation of DFCs. The supplementation of pectin promoted lower activity of digestive enzymes in relation the control group. The animals supplemented with DFC obtained positive changes in biochemical parameters. Furthermore, jundiás showed no response to application of the stressor, maintaining basal cortisol levels. The fish supplemented with DFCs had higher hepatic glycogen stores in relation the control group. Moreover, supplementation with DFCs increased the height of intestinal villi of jundiá. However, these values were lower for the animals of the group PC 5. For thickness of the epithelium this variable was higher in the control group compared to animals supplemented with β-glucan+Manana.
O uso tradicional de antibióticos na aquicultura como promotores de crescimento tem sido limitado em função dos efeitos negativos promovidos por estes medicamentos. Como alternativa ao uso destas drogas, tem se buscado a manipulação da microbiota do trato gastrointestinal dos animais aquáticos através da utilização de oligossacarídeos e de fibras alimentares com potencial prebiótico. Neste sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo aplicar metodologias para obtenção de diferentes Concentrados de Fibras Alimentares (CFAs) = Mucilagem (MG); Pectina (PN) e β-Glicana+Mananas (βG+M) e avaliar o potencial prebiótico destes suplementos na dieta de juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). A determinação da composição nutricional dos ingredientes revelou que os componentes predominantes em todos os CFAs obtidos foram fibra alimentar total e fibra insolúvel. O CFA que apresentou maior rentabilidade de extração foi a βG+M (19,81%±8,54), seguida da Pectina (14,54%±2,72) e Mucilagem (7,18%±1,54). A composição da Mucilagem e Pectina obtiveram maior diversidade de monossacarídeos, já a βG+M consistiu basicamente de manose (74,5%) e glicose (24,3%). A suplementação dos CFAs na dieta de jundiás foi avaliada durante oito semanas, através de estudo de crescimento, deposição corporal de nutrientes, enzimas digestivas, parâmetros bioquímicos e metabólicos, resposta ao estresse e imunológica e morfometria intestinal. Os jundiás suplementados com os CFAs obtiveram crescimento superior em relação ao grupo controle e similar aos animais suplementados com 5 g kg-1 de prebiótico comercial (PC 5). A maioria dos parâmetros somáticos e de composição centesimal de peixe inteiro foram influenciados pela suplementação dos CFAs. A suplementação de Pectina promoveu menor atividade das enzimas digestivas em relação ao grupo controle. Os animais suplementados com os CFAs obtiveram alterações positivas nos parâmetros bioquímicos avaliados. Além disso, os jundiás não mostraram resposta à aplicação do agente estressor, mantendo os níveis de cortisol basal. Os peixes suplementados com os CFAs obtiveram maiores estoques de glicogênio hepático em relação ao grupo controle. Além do mais, a suplementação com os CFAs promoveu aumento na altura de vilos intestinais dos jundiás. Porém, estes valores foram menores em relação aos animais do grupo PC 5. Para espessura do epitélio (EE) esta variável foi maior no grupo Controle comparado aos animais suplementados com β- glicana + Manana.
Cowger, Ashlin Elaine. "Bioaerosols Associated with Evaporative Cooler Use in Low-Income Homes in Semi-Arid Climates." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8571.
Full textMello, Mariana Maluli Marinho de [UNESP]. "Uso do beta glucano e avaliação de indicadores de estresse e do sistema imune inato de pacus após manejo de transporte." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143811.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Manejos inerentes da piscicultura intensiva, como o transporte, desencadeiam resposta de estresse nos animais, podendo causar perdas na produtividade. Como alternativa, o β-glucano, um polissacarídeo derivado da parede celular de cereais, bactérias e fungos, vem sendo muito utilizado na aquicultura pelo seu efeito imunoestimulante. Há evidências de que o β-glucano minimiza os efeitos negativos do estresse por atuar no sistema imune, porém é pouco investigado o seu efeito direto sobre a resposta clássica de estresse. Neste contexto, o presente estudo avaliou, em juvenis de pacu, o uso oral de 0.1% de duas gerações de β-glucano, de diferentes graus de pureza e processamentos, na resposta de estresse e no sistema imune inato, após transporte e inoculação com Aeromonas hydrophila. Avaliamos a concentração de cortisol e glicose plasmáticos como indicadores da resposta de estresse, a atividade respiratória de leucócitos, a atividade hemolítica do sistema complemento, a atividade de lisozima e contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, como indicadores do sistema imune inato, e o hematócrito, número de eritrócitos, concentração de hemoglobina e volume corpuscular médio de eritrócitos como indicadores hematológicos. As duas gerações de β-glucano utilizadas modularam os níveis de cortisol circulantes, mantendo os níveis elevados até 24 horas após o transporte, sem alteração após o desafio bacteriano. O β-glucano aumentou a atividade hemolítica do sistema complemento e de lisozima após o manejo e após a inoculação bacteriana, e manteve a população de leucócitos circulantes após recuperação de leucopenia, evidenciando o efeito imunoestimulante. A análise geral dos resultados deste estudo sugere o fortalecimento da resposta imune de juvenis de pacu alimentados por 15 dias antes de manejo estressante, com ração contendo 0.1% β-glucano derivado da parede celular de levedura (Sacaromyces cerevisiae).
Inherent handling in intensive fish farming, such as transport, trigger stress response in animals, and may cause losses in productivity. As an alternative, the β-glucan, a polysaccharide derived from the cell walls of cereals, bacteria and fungi, has been widely used in aquaculture due their immunostimulatory effect. The β-glucan minimizes the negative effects of stress by acting on the immune system, but it is little investigated its direct effect on the classical stress response. In this context, the present study evaluated in pacu, the oral administration of 0.1% of two generations of β-glucan, with different degrees of purity and processing methods, on the stress and innate immune system responses, after transport and inoculation with Aeromonas hydrophila. We evaluated the plasma concentration of cortisol and glucose, as stress response indicators, the respiratory activity of leukocytes, the hemolytic activity of the complement system, lysozyme activity and total and differential counts of leukocytes as innate immune system indicators, and hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes as hematological indicators. The two generations of β-glucan modulated the circulating levels of cortisol, keeping the high levels 24 hours after transportation, without changes after the bacterial challenge. The β-glucan increased the hemolytic activity of the complement system and lysozyme after handling and after bacterial inoculation, and kept the population of circulating leukocytes after recovery of leukopenia, demonstrating the immunostimulatory effect. The general results of this study suggest the strengthening of the immune response of pacu juveniles fed for 15 with feed containing 0,1% β-glucan derived from yeast cell wall (Sacaromyces cerevisiae) days before stressful handling.
CNPq: 138990/2014-0
Fogarty, Melissa Coon. "Characterization of Hemicellulose Biosynthesis Genes in Avena." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8978.
Full textDimitroff, George. "Investigating the synthesis and regulation of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan biosynthesis." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/112001.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2016.
Hakachite, Christopher. "[EMBARGOED] Analysis of cereal cyst nematode resistance mechanisms in barley." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120235.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, 2019
Shiu, Hui-Jiun, and 許慧君. "Immunomodulatory Activities of β-Glucan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35710491808120889811.
Full text國立屏東科技大學
生物科技研究所
98
β-glucans are abundant in the cell wall of plants, fungi and bacteria, and have been defined as one of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Dectin-1 has been known to be the major receptor, alone or cooperating with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for recognition of β-glucans. The binding between β-glucan and its receptor induces the signal transduction and then affects the immune function. β-glucans binding with dectin-1 can stimulate the activation of phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induction of inflammatory cytokines. In this study, SPF mice were used for evaluating the immunomodulatory activities of a particulate β-Glucan (P-β-glucan). The commercial P-β-glucan, Zymosan and Laminarin, were used as positive controls, whereas Pullulan was used as a negative control. Spleen cells and intestinal epithelial cells taken from the animals 7 days after treatment were used for assessment of the expressions of CD16/32 and Dectin-1. The intracellular signaling associated proteins of Syk and MyD88 were analysized using Western blotting. The results show that both P-β-glucan and Zymosan can induce activation of NF-κB by phosphorylating Syk and MyD88, enhance expressions of Dectin-1 in CD16/32 positive cells, increase the mRNA expressions of Dectin-1 and TLR-2 in spleen cells. Thus, P-β-glucan may modulate the functions of immune cells.
Wong, Sie-Chuong. "Regulation of (1,3;1,4)-beta-glucan synthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) endosperm and leaf tissues." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93906.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2015
Ermawar, Riksfardini Annisa. "Metabolic engineering of C₄ grasses for biofuel applications." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/103492.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2016.
Jacobs, Andrew Keith. "(1→3)-β-D-glucan synthases of plants." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/80390.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, 2003
Kalinga, Danusha Nilakshi. "Delivering β-glucan via selected bakery systems : cake." Thesis, 2010. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15799/.
Full textChang, Shih-Mei, and 張詩梅. "Manufacture of Fermented Dairy Drink Containing β-D-glucan." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28043836532092500334.
Full text國立屏東科技大學
畜產系所
97
Kluyveromyces marxianus is one of the main yeast starters of traditional alcoholic fermented milk products, such as kefir and koumiss. K. marxianus can utilize lactose to produce lactic acid and small amounts of ethanol and CO2, which contribute the unique flavor to the fermented products. The main polysaccharides of yeast cell walls, β-1,3/1,6-glucan, are effective at activating and maintaining the activity of immune reactions. The objectives of this study were to produce a functional fermented dairy drink cultured with K. marxianus, and to increase the varieties of dairy products. The physiochemical characteristics and β-D-glucan productivity of the dairy drink during fermentation and storage were investigated. Sensory evaluation of final product was measured. Overall, we aim to develop a highly acceptable functional fermented dairy drink with β-D-glucan and low-levels of ethanol from K. marxianus fermentation. In Experiment I, we established quantitative analysis procedures for measuring β-D-glucan, the functional component in this fermented dairy drink. The excitation wavelength (EX)/emission wavelength (EM), excitation slit width (EX Slit)/emission slit width (EM Slit) of the fluorescence spectrophotometer, and different kinds of quartz cuvettes were tested. Results showed that the optimum conditions for detecting β-D-glucan were EX/EM 395/495 nm, EX Slit/EM Slit 10/20 nm with the fluorescence cuvette. Experiment II compared the quality of functional fermented dairy drinks inoculated with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% K. marxianus starter cultures. The functional fermented dairy drink was fermented at 25℃, with agitation (200 rpm) for 15 min, holding for 2 hrs, and agitation again for 22 hrs. Quality analysis of the dairy drink during storage was carried out for 14 days. We measured the physicochemical properties including pH, titratable acidity (TA%), total sugar content (TDS) and ethanol concentration (EtOH%); functional characteristics i.e. β-D-glucan concentration; microbiological properties i.e. total yeast counts (TYC). Sensory evaluation was used to select the optimum K. marxianus starter concentration for producing the functional fermented dairy drink. Results showed that pH value and TDS decreased, but TA%, EtOH% and TYC increased during fermentation for all treatments. The β-D-glucan concentration of functional fermented dairy drink was at the range of 0.40-0.59 mg/mL. The EtOH% and TYC of 0.5-1.5% K. marxianus functional fermented dairy drink at 24th hour fermentation were 1.90-2.30% and 8.17-8.29 log CFU mL-1, respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that the functional fermented dairy drink with 1.0% K. marxianus had the highest overall acceptability (P<0.05). TDS of functional fermented dairy drink decreased during 14 days storage at 4℃. However, the pH value at the 14th day was higher than 1-7 days during 4℃ storage, but TA% was opposite to the trend of pH value. The EtOH%, β-D-glucan concentration and TYC of 0.5-1.5% K. marxianus functional fermented dairy drink during storage were 2.84-3.99%, 0.40-0.52 mg/mL and 7.85-8.25 log CFU mL-1, respectively. In Experiment III, we analysed the properties of the functional fermented dairy drink manufactured with the optimum K. marxianus concentration, then adjusted the flavor for improving the overall acceptability. The flavor adjustment was executed by adding 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% passion fruit and peach concentrated juices, respectively. The physicochemical properties analysis and sensory evaluation were carried out on flavor-adjusted products. Results showed that pH value, TDS, TA% and EtOH% of functional fermented dairy drink with 1.0% K. marxianus were 5.48, 8.8 °Brix, 0.52% and 2.14%, respectively. The β-D-glucan, TYC and viscosity of the drink were 0.59 mg/mL, 8.22 log CFU mL-1 and 1.66 cPs, respectively. Furthermore, the L*, a* and b* values of the drink were 88.27, -3.44 and 6.41, respectively. Results of 1.0% K. marxianus functional fermented dairy drink with 2.5-10% passion fruit and peach concentrated juices adjustment showed that flavoring affected some chemical characteristics. Adding concentrated juices dramatically lowered the sensory scores for sourness, bitterness, astringent and ferment flavors, and contribute to an increase in the overall acceptability of functional fermented dairy drink. The treatment with 7.5% peach concentrated juice had the best overall acceptability. However, The functional fermented dairy drink started curdling when the addition of passion fruit concentrated juice was over 7.5%. In conclusion, the functional fermented dairy drink manufactured with 1.0% K. marxianus produced 0.59 mg/mL β-D-glucan after 24 hour fermentation. The characteristics of the product were slightly sour, ethanolic, viscous, effervescent and with good acceptability. Addition of 7.5% peach concentrated juice significantly improved the flavor and overall acceptability of the beverage. The TYC remained constant during two weeks of refrigerated storage. The results of these experiments show the potential for a new functional dairy beverage based on K. marxianus fermentation.
Lin, Wei-Cheng, and 林微錚. "The Effects of β-glucan on OVA-sensitizes Mice." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11448868159054557284.
Full text國立臺灣大學
漁業科學研究所
99
The aim of the experience is to understand mushroom polysaccharides can be prevented of allergy. The design of experiment continuous feeding different concentration of glucan for two weeks (0mg/200μl, 1mg/200μl, 2mg/200μl), and B6 mice were sensitized by OVA from twice to five times. Using different levels of sensitization to know the effect of polysaccharide feeding mice so we detected IFN-γ, IgG2a, IgE and IL-4 concentration in serum of the sensitization mice. Taking advantage of cytokines and immune globulin to study polysaccharides of the efficacy. The results show that B6 mice sensitized several times, the group feeding mushroom polysaccharides of this experimental are eligible for a higher concentration of IFN-γ, and the group sensitized twice and four times by OVA, the experimental group and control group a comparison of significant differences (P <0.05). The IgG2a serum concentrations have similar results to IFN-γ, regardless of the sensitizion frequency,the group feeding glucan may be got higher IgG2a levels. The coparison of the polysaccharide treatment group and control group had a significant difference (P <0.05). The IgE concentrations in serum of feeding polysaccharides of B6 mice are lower than the control group, and the comparison of glucan treatmet and control had a significant difference (P <0.05) of the group sensitized twice to five times. The group fed 1mg/200μl of glucan had higher IL-4 concentrations in serum than any other treatment group or nontreayment froup, and there is significant difference (P <0.05). The result of IL-4 concentration in treatment group were lower than control group whether sensitization twice to five times, but no significant differences. The results show that mushroom polysaccharides can effectively enhance the IFN-γ and IgG2a concentration in the blood and reduce IgE levels, amount regardless of the number of allegens. Mushroom polysaccharides improved response to Th1cells, helps fight allergies, but the effects of IL-4 from mushroom polysaccharide is not obvious in this experiment.
Wen, Shih-Ya, and 文詩雅. "Studies on the Enhancement of Cellular Immunity Using Mushroom β- Glucan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05913408049973864623.
Full text國立臺灣大學
漁業科學研究所
96
Mushroom has a long history of use in folk medicine. It has been report that mushroom contains various biologically active compounds, especially, such as beta-glucan. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice were orally administered mushroom beta-glucan, and antitumor immunity was examined. The result revealed higher level of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity after treating with beta-glucan for 14 days in tumor-unbearing mice. The inhibition of tumor growth in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mice treated with beta-glucan has been observed. Oral administration of mushroom beta-glucan in different concentrations significantly reduced the tumor weight in a dose-dependent manner, with an inhibition more than 70%. It also shows the treatment of the highest concentration of glucan elevated the cytotoxicity of natural killer cell and the mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative activity of spleen cells. In pre- and simultaneous treatment, the inhibition of tumor growth are higher than control group. After pre-treatment of glucan, the proliferation of lymphocytes is significantly increased. In conclusion, the beta-glucan derived from the mushroom could be used as immunomodulator and anti tumor agent in mice.
Hsieh, Hsiao-Huan, and 謝曉環. "Research on purification of β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97055467471578546056.
Full text國立高雄應用科技大學
化學工程系碩士班
92
β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucans are the polymers of (1,3)-β-linked glucopyranos with the branch of (1,6)-β-linked glucopyranos. These glucans have been shown to have immunopharma- cological activity in humans and animals. This study present a process for isolation of β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucans from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), together with compositions and methods of treatment. The process of the study comprises the steps of: (a) extracting alkali soluble components from cells with alkali and heat; (b) extracting the chitins from the cell wall with acid and heat; (c) extracting lipids with ethanol and recovered the β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan; and (d) using the different drying methods to give microparticulate glucan. The comparison of FTIR for the products of every step in process, the significant spectral 891 cm-1 is attributed to a β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan which is identified the product from the fractionation procedure. Hot sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide can be very efficient to remove proteins and alkali-soluble mannoprotein from yeast. The chitin dissolves in hot acetic acid. After ethanol extraction and removal of the lipids, the insoluble residue contained pure β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan. From the FTIR and NMR analytical data, the purified β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan is found to have exclusively high purity. The electron microscopy SEM and TEM show that the three different drying β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan products have platelet particle aggregates which form a large particle size. The average thickness of platelets is measured to be less than 100nm. The drying products contain 13% water from the TGA/DTA measurements. After heating to above 260℃, the β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan decomposed to CO2 and H2O. Structural studies of β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan from diffraction patterns recorded by X-ray and TEM have revealed that these spacings are roughly in agreement with a tetragonal unit cell of dimensions a = 0.878 nm c = 0.872 nm for ether drying products, a = 0.866 nm c = 0.844 nm for lyophilization drying products, respectively. The process is simple、fast and ease. The resulting glucan is obtained in high yields to about 10.5 % with high purity. The mannoprotein is also obtained as a byproduct.
Repin, Nikolay. "Mechanisms of stabilizing fibre-enriched acidified dairy products." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4350.
Full textLi, Jing. "Studies on (1→3)-[β]-glucan synthases in barley / by Jing Li." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22053.
Full textviii, 155 leaves : ill., plates, charts (some col.) ; 30 cm.
A putative callose synthase gene, designated HvGSL1 cDNA is siolated from barley and its involvement in callose biosynthesis is investigated. A near-full length HvGSL1 cDNA encoded a protein showing approximately 30% identitly with that of yeast FKS genes at the amino acid level. The function of this geen was investigated by heterologous expression, protein purification, immunochemistry and mass spectrometric analysis. Results provide strong evidence that the gene encodes a protein which is associated with callose synthase activity, and is likely to encode the catalytic subunit of the synthase complex.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, Discipline of Plant and Pest Science, 2003