Relevant bibliographies by topics / 069902 Global Change Biology

Academic literature on the topic '069902 Global Change Biology'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "069902 Global Change Biology"

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Sage, Rowan F. "Global change biology: A primer." Global Change Biology 26, no. 1 (December 9, 2019): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14893.

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Kerr, Jeremy. "WORTHWHILE READING ON GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY." Diversity and Distributions 9, no. 6 (October 24, 2003): 486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00045.x.

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Potter, Kristen A., H. Arthur Woods, and Sylvain Pincebourde. "Microclimatic challenges in global change biology." Global Change Biology 19, no. 10 (August 8, 2013): 2932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12257.

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Pincebourde, Sylvain, and H. Arthur Woods. "Editorial overview: Global change biology: mechanisms matter." Current Opinion in Insect Science 41 (October 2020): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2020.10.009.

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Coleman, D. C., E. P. Odum, and D. A. Crossley. "Soil biology, soil ecology, and global change." Biology and Fertility of Soils 14, no. 2 (October 1992): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00336258.

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Hunter, Philip. "The role of biology in global climate change." EMBO reports 18, no. 5 (April 10, 2017): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embr.201744260.

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Müller, Christoph, and Gerald Moser. "Global Change Biology Introduction-FACEing the future conference." Global Change Biology 24, no. 9 (August 16, 2018): 3873–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14385.

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Davis, Margaret Bryan. "Biology and paleobiology of global climate change: Introduction." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 5, no. 9 (September 1990): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(90)90078-r.

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Depledge, M. H. "Ecotoxicological implications of global environmental change." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 157 (September 2010): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.039.

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McElwain, Jennifer C. "Paleobotany and Global Change: Important Lessons for Species to Biomes from Vegetation Responses to Past Global Change." Annual Review of Plant Biology 69, no. 1 (April 29, 2018): 761–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040405.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "069902 Global Change Biology"

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Cyrus, Caitlin. "Floristic Change Spanning 45 Years of Global Change in the College Woods, Williamsburg, Va." W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068006.

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The College Woods, located in Williamsburg, VA, is a natural preserve of approximately 960 acres owned by the College of William & Mary. The Woods supports a relatively diverse flora in a mature coastal-plain forest which has been under long-term biological study by members of the College. This thesis contributes to the ongoing investigation of the Woods by documenting floristic and vegetation changes that have occurred over the last 45 years amidst a rising and uncontrolled white-tailed deer population. Three main research questions are addressed: (1) How has floristic diversity, composition, and species abundance changed since the last floristic survey in 1989? (2) Under the assumption of chronic browse by white-tailed deer, are there species-specific plant traits that associate with a suite of declining species? and (3) What is the estimated forest successional trajectory indicated by a 2015 quantitative analysis of the diversity, composition, importance, and browse rates in 19 long-term permanent plots? For the floristic analysis, 297% more effort was required in 2015 to find 7% fewer species than in the last floristic survey of 1989, indicating a decline in the abundance of populations, making their rediscovery more difficult. Over the last 45 years, 745 vascular plant species have been documented in the Woods. One hundred and twenty-six species were newly reported in 2015, while 196 previously-reported species were not relocated. The turnover of species is consistent with the species-time relationship and was especially prominent in early successional open habitats. Assessments of changes in relative abundance showed that 46% of the species had declined in abundance. This appears to be driven by an overabundant white-tailed deer population, but no plant trait previously hypothesized to confer vulnerability to browse by white-tailed deer showed a signficant association with the set of declining species. It is hypothesized that because the deer population has been overabundant for 20 years, any trait-based associations that may have once existed would have become obscured over time as browse intolerant species were reduced and deer switched to less-preffered plant material. Deer-browse data on less preferred plants such as Fagus grandifolia, Polystichum acrosticoides and Ilex americana supports this hypothesis. Nineteen permanent plots erected in 2003 were sampled for vegetation analysis immediately after Hurricane Isabel in 2004 and then resampled in 2015. Analysis showed little change in the large tree and small tree size classes, but there was significant change in the sapling size class. In the sapling size class, average stem density and species diversity significantly decreased between 2004 and 2015, or did not show the expected regeneration patterns in areas severely hit by the hurricane. An analysis of deer browse in these plots showed that nearly 60% of all vegetation was browsed. This is expected to slow down the rate of succession and alter forest composition, possibly resulting in a beech-dominated forest with very little understory. A management plan designed to allow the flora of the College Woods to recover from chronic deer browse was written and recommends controlling the white-tailed deer population through yearly managed hunts.
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Pye, Marian C. "Global change impacts on organic matter dynamics in stream ecosystems." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/98879/.

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1. With freshwater ecosystems worldwide at significant risk from global change, there is an urgent need to understand the processes involved and to develop adaptive responses. Riparian management might offer a means of increasing resilience to global change in headwaters, but evidence is scarce. This thesis investigates the potential effects of riparian management on the storage, processing and downstream export of resource subsidies – dominantly as terrestrial litter – that enter streams from the riparian zone. 2. In a large scale field study over four years, natural and experimental systems were used to test the hypothesis that riparian woodlands enhance stream ecosystem resilience to climatically mediated changes in flow regimes. Specific work included assessments of benthic organic matter stocks and export in contrasting catchments (broadleaf woodland, conifer plantations or sheep-grazed moorland), flow manipulations in mesocosms, and a large-scale field experiment simulating riparian broadleaved tree planting. 3. Standing stocks of particulate organic matter (POM) were influenced by flow regime, and declined following larger and longer flow-events, but event frequency had no apparent impact. Experimental data showed also that coarse fractions of POM in transport were significantly elevated in the early stages of simulated floods. 4. Despite flow effects on POM dynamics, streams bordered by broadleaves maintained consistently higher standing stocks of POM than conifer or moorland streams. Broadleaved streams also transported the highest concentrations of carbon in the form of high-quality FPOM. Leaf litter additions of stream channels did not reproduce these effects, possibly because the scale was insufficient to mimic real riparian woodlands. 5. While predicted flow changes under a warmer climate might affect the storage and flux of organic matter, riparian broadleaves are likely to mitigate these effects in stream ecosystems. This project illustrates the value of blending catchment-scale studies with field-based mesocosms to understanding complex global change processes.
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Kharouba, Heather M. "Predicting and mitigating the impacts of global change on species' distributions." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27867.

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Global change is expected to accelerate extinction rates substantially. Accurately predicting species responses to future climate and land use changes and the conservation effectiveness of protected areas are critical. Here, I test whether species distribution models can predict how species' ranges shift through time and if protected areas are more robust to recent global change impacts than areas lacking formal protection. Purely spatial species distribution models are able to predict how species' distributions have changed over the 20th century for many species. However, because this predictive ability was not strongly related to biological or sampling characteristics considered here, there is no a priori way to determine which species' models will accurately predict range shifts through time. Protected areas rarely performed differently than randomly selected, unprotected areas in terms of species richness change and species composition change over the past century. Conservation strategies should focus on improving landscape connectivity to facilitate species' geographical responses to future global changes and should account for uncertainty in predictions of those responses.
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Downing, Jason L. "Consequences of Anthropogenic and Global Change on Orchids: An Emphasis on Biotic Interactions." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2448.

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Evidence suggests that human-driven changes to the earth are having clear and profound effects on many species, as well as the species with which they associate. Disruptions in the interactions between species can change the community structure, in turn changing the dynamics of entire ecosystems. The following dissertation examines how the impacts of climate change related events and invasive species may influence biotic interactions and impact orchid populations and range distributions. Here I quantify how orchid pollinators and mycorrhiza vary between species with different life histories, and between and within habitats. The results showed that orchids with wide range distributions (i.e. geographic or elevational) were more generalized in their mycorrhizal fungi requirements than co-occurring rare and/or narrow ranging species; the rarer species were also more likely to be affected by antagonistic fungal interactions. This dissertation makes a critical contribution to understanding plant and orchid ecology, to assisting ongoing orchid recovery efforts worldwide, and ultimately to developing more comprehensive management plans to mitigate future biodiversity losses.
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Kissoon, Ian. "Using tropical forests to combat global climate change without comprimising local livelihoods." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4752.

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Healy, Megan. "Global climate change, habitat fragmentation, and the lesser long-nosed bat what next? /." Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2007. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession86-10MES/Healy_MMESThesis%202007.pdf.

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Stewart, Rebecca. "Global warming in freshwaters : implications for the microbial-meiofaunal loop." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8624.

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Climate change can have potentially catastrophic effects upon biodiversity and food web structure and according to the fourth IPCC report, ambient temperatures will rise by between 3.0-5.0 °C over the next century, with already an average increase in global surface temperature of ~0.74°C in the past 100 years. This has known implications in ecology from individuals to ecosystems. The microbial loop consists of small organisms ranging in body size from bacteria (1-15 μm), single-celled eukaryotes (10-1000 μm) and multicellular organisms (250 – 1000 μm) that assimilate dissolved organic carbon into the “classical food web”. ! The principal goal of this thesis was to assess how rising global temperatures might impact the natural microbial assemblages in 20 mesocosms under 2 treatments – 10 warmed (in line with IPCC predictions) and 10 ambient. The abundance and body mass of 4 major microbial loop taxa (desmids, flagellates, heterotrophic protists and meiofauna) were quantified at monthly intervals over a 2-year period. Secondly, in a microcosm experiment, the population dynamics of three pure cultures of ciliates were monitored across a temperature gradient; the rate of population decline under starvation and changes in body size were quantified.! Results showed that (1) rising global temperatures alters the size spectrum in the autotrophic protists, (2) temperature interacts with temporal and spatial gradients, resulting in changes in phenology (3) these changes in phenology are observable at both the community level and the population level within the microbial assemblage of the mesocosms and (4) extinction rates and body mass reduction in experimental microcosms were faster at warmer temperatures and partially support predictions of the metabolic theory of ecology.! The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of (1) continued research into the role that small organisms play in community and ecosystem ecologyand (2) the use of these small organisms in experiments as models to inform ecological theory by scaling up from microcosms and finally, (3) I discuss future directions in freshwater microbial ecology, focusing on the increased use of molecular techniques.
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Trisos, Matthew Owen. "Global change drivers and their impact on herbaceous, ant, and grasshopper assemblages in an African semi-arid savanna." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32517.

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Assessments of the anthropogenic threats to savanna ecosystems are primarily focussed on land use change, bush encroachment, and biological invasions. There is, however, very little understanding as to the threats from atmospheric pollution. South Africa is the major emitter of CO2 on the African content while the Mpumalanga region bordering the Kruger National Park (KNP) is among the leading regions for nitrous oxide pollution in the world. It is not only increasing atmospheric pollution, but rainfall intensity is also predicted to increase for southern Africa. As savannas are nutrient limited, an increase in nitrogen deposition will have major consequences for vegetation structure and this can only be exacerbated by increased rainfall amounts. Current research suggests that these predicted increases in water and nutrients will result in increasing grass biomass and decreasing herbaceous species richness. The effects of global change drivers on savanna vegetation are also likely to propagate through to multiple trophic levels, with changes in vegetation structure cascading down to invertebrate assemblages. As invertebrates are ubiquitous, form the bulk of metazoan species diversity and biomass on earth, and play a pivotal role in many ecosystems, I discuss in the introductory chapter of this thesis why the influence of global change on these assemblages should not be ignored. In my first data chapter, Chapter 2, I examine the effect that increases in available nutrients and water may have on vegetation structure, and how this may cascade down to grasshopper and ant assemblages. I do this using a fully factorial experiment in KNP with nutrient and water additions where I assessed both herbaceous (forb and grass) and insect (ant and grasshopper) assemblages five years after resource additions began. My results show that there was a substantial increase in grass biomass while plant and insect species richness declined with water addition alone and that a combination of nutrients and water resulted in the greatest increases in grass biomass and concomitant decreases in plant and insect species richness. The effects of nutrient and water additions on the insect community assembly was primarily driven by a decrease in grasshopper species and ant abundance respectively. An analysis of ant functional traits showed that the rare ant species mediated the impact of the resource additions on the ant assemblage. Fire is inherent to savanna systems with profound effects on vegetation structure. There has, however, been relatively little research on the effects of fire on savanna invertebrate fauna. In Chapter 3 I look at the effect that fire may have on the vegetation and insect community assembly at my study site between five and eight months after the site had been burned. These results show an increase in grass biomass and decrease in plant and insect species richness with a combination of nutrients and water. My results also show that grasshopper biomass, abundance, and species richness decreased as herbaceous biomass decreased. While ant species richness decreased, ant abundance increased post-fire, primarily related to an increase in patches of bare ground. With global change, drought frequency is also expected to increase. The insect and grass assemblages, both on and off Macrotermes mounds, at two sites in the southern section of KNP had been sampled in a separate study in 2012. In Chapter 4 I describe a study where I resampled these mounds during the peak of the most severe drought in 30 years. The two sites differed in drought severity, one where the drought severity was very high and the other where severity was much lower. The objective was to determine the effects that drought may have on the grass and associated insect assemblages both on and off termite mounds. My results show that at the high severity site grass cover and biomass and grasshopper abundance decreased both on and off mounds. The overall reduction in habitat structure resulted in an increase in both ant abundance and species richness but the mound and matrix ant assemblages diverged during drought. Where the drought was less severe there was an increase in large mammal herbivores as animals moved out of the more affected areas. This increase in mammal herbivory was more evident on rather than off mounds resulting in grass biomass being lower on rather than off mounds. The cascading effect saw grasshopper abundance decrease on and increase off mounds. The mound and matrix ant assemblages did not respond to the comparatively smaller change in habitat structure. Finally, in the synthesis chapter I discuss my results in the broader context of how global change drivers such as increased nitrogen deposition may cascade down from plant to insect community assembly. At present there is very little understanding of the amounts of nitrogen being deposited in KNP or the effect that this may have. The results of my study would suggest that this increase in nitrogen deposition will have major consequences for vegetation structure and that this will cascade down to the insect assemblage. In mitigating for this, it is therefore essential that management in KNP adapt a monitoring protocol for nitrogen deposition, especially when considering that where N deposition is really high fire may not volatilise everything to allow the system to reset itself back to its original state. It is not only nitrogen deposition, but drought frequency is also likely to increase. In mitigation for this there should also be monitoring programmes to consider the effects of drought as animals may move from areas of high drought severity to areas where severity is lower. Such movement will increase grazing pressure on both low and high nutrient environments with cascading effects on vegetation structure and insect assemblages.
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Srinivasan, Madhusudan P. "THE ECOLOGY OF DISTURBANCES AND GLOBAL CHANGE IN THE MONTANE GRASSLANDS OF THE NILGIRIS, SOUTH INDIA." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/213.

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Biodiversity rich regions worldwide face threats from various global change agents. This research quantifies environmental influences on vegetation, and the impacts of exotic woody plant invasion and anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition in a global biodiversity hotspot. The study was conducted in the montane grasslands of the Nilgiris, Western Ghats, and outlines potential management options for this region. Specifically, I examined (1) the role of environmental factors in influencing native plant distribution and ecosystem properties, (2) the status and impact of exotic shrub (Scotch broom, henceforth broom) invasion, (3) the role of disturbances in the success of broom, (4) the role of fire in restoring invaded grasslands, and (5) the impacts of terrestrial N loading on the grassland ecosystem. I used experiments and surveys to assess these. Distributions of several key species were explained by a few complex environmental gradients. In invaded-grasslands, broom populations consisted mainly of intermediate size and age classes, with no clear indication of population decline. Invasion negatively impacted plant community structure and drastically changed composition, favoring shade-tolerant and weedy species. However, invasion did not greatly alter ecosystem function. Fire successfully eliminated mature broom stands, but resulted in a short-term increase in broom seedling recruitment. At the end of 18 months, the fire effects on uninvaded-grasslands were not apparent, but there was no conclusive evidence of the formerly invaded patches attaining the composition of uninvaded-grasslands following burning. N fertilization strongly influenced soil N dynamics, and shoot N concentrations, but effects on aboveground production were weak. Surprisingly, N enrichment had positive effects on diversity in the short-term. It is clear that these grasslands need immediate management intervention to forestall degradation from invasion. Fire could be used to eliminate mature broom stands and deplete persistent seedbanks, which will facilitate colonization by shade-intolerant grassland plants. Active restoration should be mindful of environmental preferences of framework species. Long-term studies of the impacts of N deposition in the context of disturbances will help determine realistic critical thresholds and utilize disturbances to buffer the potential adverse effects of increasing N loading.
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Murphy, Meaghan. "Getting to the root of the matter: variations in vascular root biomass and production in peatlands and responses to global change." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66793.

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Root biomass, production and decomposition have been poorly studied in peatland ecosystems despite evidence that they may be equal to or greater than aboveground vascular plant components and contribute significantly more carbon (C) to the soil organic matter pool. At the same time, global change phenomena such as water table drawdown (via rising temperatures) and increased nitrogen deposition threaten to dramatically alter these systems, primarily through changes to vegetation. This makes quantifying root biomass, production, and decomposition critical to our understanding of peatland C cycles. Understanding how these belowground stocks and fluxes vary with aboveground plant components in relation to environmental (climate, water table) and biological (vegetation type, species diversity) factors can provide insight into how peatland plant communities adapt to different environments. Additionally, the implications of these adaptations to C cycling within and among sites and in response to global change phenomena can then be considered. My research began by evaluating relationships between above- and belowground biomass and production in a review of wetland plant communities and determining the effect of vegetation type and environmental and climate factors on these relationships within and among wetland types, including peatlands. My subsequent research focused specifically on bog plant communities in Canada and Finland, and the relationships between belowground biomass and production and aboveground biomass as they relate to variations in water table, a key environmental driver within a bog site. Root decomposition rates, a crucial process determining root contributions to soil organic matter, were also studied for the two main evergreen and deciduous shrub species as they relate to root size and soil depth using the litterbag method. The final component of my research evaluated the response of root pro
Peu d'études ont été faites sur la biomasse racinaire, sa production et décomposition malgré les évidences montrant qu'autant la biomasse racinaire et sa production serait égale ou plus grande que la contrepartie hors terre des plantes vasculaires. De plus, celles-ci contribueraient de manière significative à la quantité de C (carbone) contenue dans le réservoir de matière organique du sol. Les changements globaux tels la diminution du niveau de la nappe phréatique (via une augmentation des températures), et une augmentation de la quantité d'azote dans les dépôts atmosphériques menacent de changer de manière dramatique l'équilibre de ces systèmes par un changement de végétation. Mesurer la biomasse racinaire, sa production et décomposition est critique pour notre compréhension du cycle du C dans les tourbières. Une meilleure connaissance des processus régissant la variation des réservoirs et flux souterrains par rapport à la composante hors-terre des plantes, en relation avec les facteurs environnementaux (climat, nappe phréatique) et biologique (type de végétation, diversité des espèces) permet de mieux comprendre comment les communautés de plantes de tourbières s'adaptent aux différents environnements. De plus, nous devons considérer l'implication de ces adaptations dans le cycle du C à l'intérieur d'un site et entre différents sites, et ce en réponse au phénomène de changement globaux. Ma recherche débute par l'évaluation de la relation entre la biomasse et la production souterraine et hors-terre à l'aide d'une revue de littérature des communautés de plantes de milieux humides. Cette revue de littérature permet de déterminer l'effet des types de végétation, de l'environnement et des facteurs climatiques sur les différentes relations à l'intérieur d'un même site et entre différents types de milieux humides, incluant les tourbières. Les recherch
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Books on the topic "069902 Global Change Biology"

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1936-, Fabbri Paolo, Ente Colombo '92, and International Conference on Ocean Management in Global Change (1992 : Genoa, Italy), eds. Ocean management in global change. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1992.

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Regato, Pedro. Adapting to global change: Mediterranean forests. Malaga, Spain: IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, 2008.

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J, Culver Stephen, and Rawson Peter Franklin, eds. Biotic response to global change: The last 145 million years. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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Saving a million species: Extinction risk from climate change. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2011.

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Resilient cities: Cities and adaptation to climate change - proceedings of the Global Forum 2010. Dordrecht: Springer, 2011.

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Adaptation to climate change. Abingdon, Oxon, England: Routledge, 2010.

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Furgang, Kathy. Adapting to plant and animal extinctions. New York: Rosen Central, 2013.

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Conservation of tropical birds. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

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Lun ren lei mie jue. Xianggang: Xiafei'er chu ban you xian gong si, 2008.

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Paul, Mason. Cities in crisis. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "069902 Global Change Biology"

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Tiessen, Holm, Maria Victoria Ballester, and Ignacio Salcedo. "Phosphorus and Global Change." In Soil Biology, 459–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9_18.

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Gryj, Ellen. "Global Climate Change and Species Interactions." In Conservation Biology, 478–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6051-7_21.

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Gryj, Ellen. "Global Climate Change and Species Interactions." In Conservation Biology, 478–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2880-4_21.

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Singh, Bhupinder Pal, Vivien de Rémy de Courcelles, and Mark A. Adams. "Soil Respiration in Future Global Change Scenarios." In Soil Biology, 131–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20256-8_7.

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Mele, P. M. "Soil Biota, Soil Health and Global Change." In Soil Biology, 155–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20256-8_8.

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Sánchez Paredes, Edith, Yurixhi Paola Aguilera León, Eidi Victoria Alvarado-Ramírez, Laura Rosio Castañón Olivares, and Magnolia Lizbeth Martínez Aguilar. "Climate Change and Global Distribution of Cryptococcosis." In Fungal Biology, 181–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_11.

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Dixon, Robert K. "The Global Carbon Cycle and Global Change: Responses and Feedbacks from the Mycorrhizosphere." In Mycorrhizal Biology, 85–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4265-0_6.

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Chaves, Luis Fernando. "Climate Change and the Biology of Insect Vectors of Human Pathogens." In Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates, 126–47. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119070894.ch8.

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Šajna, Nina, Mitja Kaligarič, and Danijel Ivajnšič. "Reproduction Biology of an Alien Invasive Plant: A Case of Drought-Tolerant Aster squamatus on the Northern Adriatic Seacoast, Slovenia." In Advances in Global Change Research, 279–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7960-0_19.

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de Baar, H. J. W., and J. La Roche. "Trace Metals in the Oceans: Evolution, Biology and Global Change." In Marine Science Frontiers for Europe, 79–105. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55862-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "069902 Global Change Biology"

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Schmeller, Dirk. "People, pollution and pathogens – Global change impacts in mountain freshwater ecosystems." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107857.

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Martins, Ines S., Isabel M. D. Rosa, and Henrique Miguel Pereira. "Projecting impacts of global land-use scenarios on biodiversity change across scales and species groups." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107994.

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D'Alelio, Domenico, Salvatore Rampone, Luigi Maria Cusano, Nadia Sanseverino, Luca Russo, and Michael W. Lomas. "Exploring long-term trends in marine ecosystems: machine-learning approaches to global change biology." In 2021 International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea; Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metrosea52177.2021.9611584.

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Andrew, Carrie, Einar Heegaard, Rune Halvorsen, Paul M. Kirk, Klaus Høiland, Claus Bässler, Jeffrey Diez, et al. "Revelations for global change and conservation: determining European fungal species’ patterns via a large-scale fruit body ‘meta-database’." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107110.

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Peltoniemi, Mikko, Tiina Markkanen, Francesco Minunno, Tuula Aalto, Jarmo Mäkelä, Tuomo Kalliokoski, and Annikki Mäkelä. "Net carbon balance of Finnish forests under climate change - Forest management induced differences between local and global model estimates." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108148.

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Maftouni, Negin, Mehriar Amininasab, MohammadReza Ejtehadi, and Farshad Kowsari. "Multiscale Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanobio Membrane in Interaction With Protein." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93054.

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One of the most important biological components is lipid nanobio membrane. The lipid membranes of alive cells and their mechanical properties play an important role in biophysical investigations. Some proteins affect the shape and properties of the nanobio membrane while interacting with it. In this study a multiscale approach is experienced: first a 100ns all atom (fine-grained) molecular dynamics simulation is done to investigate the binding of CTX A3, a protein from snake venom, to a phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer, second, a 5 micro seconds coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to compute the pressure tensor, lateral pressure, surface tension, and first moment of lateral pressure. Our simulations reveal that the insertion of CTX A3 into one monolayer results in an asymmetrical change in the lateral pressure and distribution of surface tension of the individual bilayer leaflets. The relative variation in the surface tension of the two monolayers as a result of a change in the contribution of the various intermolecular forces may be expressed morphologically and lead to deformation of the lipid membrane.
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Liu, Yaling, Jifu Tan, and Samar Shah. "A Hybrid Model for Nanoparticle Targeted Delivery in Blood Flow." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13253.

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Nanoparticle targeted delivery in vascular system involves the interplay of transport, hydrodynamic force, and multivalent interactions with targeted biosurfaces. Current theoretical studies in nanoparticle therapeutic delivery are limited to nanoparticle suspensions in a Newtonian fluid without blood cells [1–3]. However, blood is a complex biological fluid made of components such as red blood cells (RBC), monocytes, platelets, proteins, etc. The existence of blood cells in the core region of blood streams might change the nanoparticle dispersion and binding through cell-nanoparticle interaction. It is thus important to understand how blood cells influence nanoparticles motion and binding.
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Maftouni, Negin, M. Amininasab, and Farshad Kowsari. "Molecular Dynamics Study of Nanobio Membranes." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13277.

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Molecular models of lipid bilayers have ignored the interface of two monolayers of nanobiomembranes in detail by now, however in this paper a new physical model is proposed based on variation of surface tension in the interface of two monolayers of membrane. Experimental results have shown that some peptides and proteins like antimicrobial peptides and cytotoxins are able to change the shape of — or in some cases to destroy — the bilayer membrane during insertion to external monolayer. All interfaces in nanobiomembrane are liquid-liquid type. In this paper appropriate ensembles to simulate liquid/liquid interfaces are presented with special focus on proper ones for surface tension analysis.
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Camesano, Terri A., Paola A. Pinzo´n-Arango, and Ramanathan Nagarajan. "Quantifying the Nanomechanical Properties of Bacillus Anthracis and Implications for Spore Killing." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13032.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the changes in the nanomechanical properties of the surface of Bacillus anthracis spores during germination. The Hertz model of continuum mechanics of contact was used to evaluate the Young’s or tensile elastic modulus of the spores before and after germination by applying the model to load-indentation curves obtained during force cycles. The highest elastic modulus was obtained with dormant spores, with average elasticity values of 197 ± 81 MPa. Fully vegetative spores had the lowest elasticity values. The elasticity decreased when spores were incubated with either L-alanine or inosine, and the decrease was greatest when both of these germinants were used in combination. We also found that as the spore elasticity values increasd, the indentation depth of the AFM probe into the surface increased, with vegetative B. anthracis cells having elasticity depths of up to 246.2 nm. We have shown that spore nanomechanical properties change during germination, and depend on the type of germinant that is used. Weakening of the spore cell wall may help explain why germinating cells are much more susceptible to anti-sporal agents. The study of elasticity of spores may be a valuable tool in the development of antibiotics or anti-sporal treatments.
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Aladin, Darwesh M. K., Kenneth M. C. Cheung, Alfonso H. W. Ngan, Danny Chan, Victor Y. L. Leung, Chwee Teck Lim, Keith D. K. Luk, and William W. Lu. "Nano-Structure of Collagen Fibrils in Human Intervertebral Discs and Its Correlation With the Tissue Mechanics." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13077.

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The intervertebral disc (IVD) consists of three major components: the gelatinous nucleus pulposus (NP) at the centre, surrounded by concentric layers of annulus fibrosus (AF), and the superior and inferior endplates sandwiching the AF and NP. Collagen fibrils are the main structural components in all three parts of the disc. The dry mass of collagen in the IVD is about 70% [1]. The outer AF is predominantly collagen I with minor traces of collagen II. A gradual replacement in the collagen I by collagen II occurs in the inner regions [2]. Lumbar disc degenerative disease or early-onset disc degeneration is a primary cause for sciatica and low back pain in young individuals. The most significant biochemical change that occurs in disc degeneration is the loss of proteoglycans in the nucleus pulposus [3]. The mechanical inability of collagen fibrils to withstand the load may be one of the factors causing the loss of proteoglycans. The reason why collagen degrades may be environmental or genetic [4,5]. Researchers are working on developing tissue engineered disc replacements, stem cell therapy etc. to treat disc degeneration. Understanding the disc environment at the nano level is essential in order for these techniques to be clinically successful, as it is well known that the environment in the extracellular matrix plays an important role in determining the stem cells’ fate [6]. Therefore, in order to gain a better understanding on the role played by these matrix proteins, this study aimed at evaluating the correlation between the nano scale properties of the disc collagens with the disc tissue’s macro mechanics.
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Reports on the topic "069902 Global Change Biology"

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Israel, Alvaro, and John Merrill. Production of Seed Stocks for Sustainable Tank Cultivation of the Red Edible Seaweed Porphyra. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696527.bard.

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Porphyra species (commonly known as ‘nori’ or ‘purple laver’) are edible red seaweeds rich in proteins, vitamins and other highly valued biogenic compounds. For years Porphyra has been cultured using seeded nets extended in the open sea, and its biomass consumed primarily in the Far East. While demands for international markets have increased steadily at an average of 20% per year, supplies are on the verge and not expected to meet future demands. Alternatively, land-based cultivation of seaweed has become attractive in the mariculture industry since (1) important growth parameters can be controlled, (2) is environmentally friendly and (3) perfectly matches with integrated aquaculture leading to sustainable, high quality products. During the last few years a tank cultivation technology for Porphyra has been developed at the Israeli institution. This technology is based on indoor production of asexual spores and their subsequent growth to 1-2 mm seedlings. The seedlings are then transferred to outdoor tanks and ponds when seawater temperatures drop to 20 °C, or below, and days become shorter during winter time. However, the current technology efficiently serves only about 100 m2 of ponds during one growth season. In order to produce seedlings in sufficient amounts, it is critical to address both technical and biological aspects of seedling production, securing optimal up-scale to commercial-size cultivation farms. We hypothesize that massive production of spores is related to thalli origin, thalli age and sporulation triggers, and that seedling survival and their subsequent growth potential is determined by the seawater quality and overall indoor growth conditions imposed. A series of bio-reactors were constructed and tested in which spore release and spore growth were separately studied. The main assessment criteria for optimal viability of the seedlings will be by determining their electron transport rate using PAM fluorometry and by subsequent growth and biomass yields in outdoor ponds. Altogether the project showed (1), controlled sporulation is possible in big outdoor/growth chamber settings provided initial stock material (small frozen seedlings) is at hand, (2), contamination problems can be almost completely avoided if stock material is properly handled (clean as possible and partially dehydrated prior to freezing), (3), spore release can significantly be enhance using high nutrient levels during thawing for P. yezoensis and P. haitanensis, but not for P. rosengurttii, (4), PAM fluorometry is an efficient tool to estimate growth capacity in both seedlings and juvenile thalli. The BARD funding also served to explore other aspects of Porphyra biology and cultivation. For example, the taxonomical status of Porphyra strains used in this study was defined (see appendix), and the potential use of this seaweed in bioremediation was well substantiated. In addition, BARD funding supported a number of opportunities and activities in the Israeli lab, direct or indirectly related to the initial objectives of the project such as: additional molecular work in other seaweeds, description of at least 2 new species for the Israeli Mediterranean, and continuous support for the writing of a book on Global Change and applied aspects of seaweeds. The technology for Porphyra cultivation in land-based ponds is readily available. This study corroborated previous know-how of Porphyra growth in tanks and ponds, and yet offers important improvements regarding seedling production and their handling for successful cultivation. This study supported various other activities opening additional important issues in the biology/cultivation/use of Porphyra and other seaweeds.
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