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Journal articles on the topic '060803 Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Voisine, Jimmy, and Marc André Sirard. "Ethics and animal reproductive technologies." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 34, no. 2 (2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd21284.

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This paper offers a framework to help animal scientists engage in critical thinking about their own practices. Its objective is to reinforce their ability to participate in debates and discussions about the ethics surrounding the use of modern animal reproductive technologies (ART). This will be achieved first by exploring some of the most important philosophical conceptualizations of animals in Western philosophy, which are shaping the way humans interact with them. Then, we will analyse whether modern ART constitute ethically significant innovations in comparison with more traditional animal breeding practices, or whether they stand in continuity with the latter. This will be followed by a review some of the most important ethical issues with modern ART, where human, animal welfare, environmental and socio-economic issues will be discussed.

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2

Lochab, Amaneet K., and Cassandra G. Extavour. "Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling in animal reproductive system development and function." Developmental Biology 427, no. 2 (July 2017): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.002.

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3

LEONARD, JANET L., JOHN S. PEARSE, and ALICE BRYANT HARPER. "Comparative reproductive biology ofAriolimax californicusandA. dolichophallus(Gastropoda; Stylommiatophora)." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 41, no. 1-3 (September 2002): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2002.9652738.

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4

DIONISIO, MARIA, ARMINDO RODRIGUES, and ANA COSTA. "Reproductive biology ofMegabalanus azoricus(Pilsbry), the Azorean Barnacle." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 50, no. 3 (January 2007): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2007.9652240.

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5

HUGHES, ROGER N. "Reproductive biology of invertebrates Volume VI. Asexual propagation and reproductive strategies Parts A and B." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 28, no. 3 (December 1995): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1995.9672485.

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6

Minelli, Alessandro, and Giuseppe Fusco. "Developmental plasticity and the evolution of animal complex life cycles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1540 (February 27, 2010): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0268.

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Metazoan life cycles can be complex in different ways. A number of diverse phenotypes and reproductive events can sequentially occur along the cycle, and at certain stages a variety of developmental and reproductive options can be available to the animal, the choice among which depends on a combination of organismal and environmental conditions. We hypothesize that a diversity of phenotypes arranged in developmental sequence throughout an animal's life cycle may have evolved by genetic assimilation of alternative phenotypes originally triggered by environmental cues. This is supported by similarities between the developmental mechanisms mediating phenotype change and alternative phenotype determination during ontogeny and the common ecological condition that favour both forms of phenotypic variation. The comparison of transcription profiles from different developmental stages throughout a complex life cycle with those from alternative phenotypes in closely related polyphenic animals is expected to offer critical evidence upon which to evaluate our hypothesis.

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Kasai, Magosaburo, and Tetsunori Mukaida. "Cryopreservation of animal and human embryos by vitrification." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 9, no. 2 (January 2004): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62125-6.

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8

Spielmann, Horst. "Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity Testing: Animal Studies are Not Predictive for Humans." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36, no. 6 (December 2008): 715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290803600616.

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9

Findlay, JK. "Reproductive biology and the Australian Society for Reproductive Biology in the 21st century." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 5 (1995): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9951021.

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10

Rocca, Meredith S., and Nancy G. Wehner. "The guinea pig as an animal model for developmental and reproductive toxicology studies." Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology 86, no. 2 (April 2009): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdrb.20188.

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11

SEED, R., and R. N. HUGHES. "Reproductive strategies of epialgal bryozoans." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 22, no. 1-3 (December 1992): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1992.9672282.

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12

TAGU, DENIS, BEATRIZ SABATER-MUÑOZ, and JEAN-CHRISTOPHE SIMON. "Deciphering reproductive polyphenism in aphids." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 48, no. 1-3 (January 2005): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2005.9652172.

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13

Esponda, Pedro. "Gene transfer to the mammalian reproductive tract." Zygote 19, no. 4 (December 13, 2010): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199410000523.

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SummaryThis review summarizes the results of research on gene transfer to the mammalian genital tract. Gene transfer experiments have been developed during the last 2 decades and have been applied using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo procedures. (i) In vitro methods have been applied to the uterine epithelial cells with the principal purpose of analysing some pathological change occurring in the uterus. In the male tract, epididymal cell lines have been used to evaluate the expression of particular genes and the function of specific proteins. (ii) Ex vivo methods have been applied to both the uterus and the vas deferens in humans, and good transgene expression has been recorded. (iii) In vivo gene transfer in the female tract has been employed in the uterus and oviduct using gene injections or electroporation methods. The glandular epithelium of both organs can be transfected efficiently, and transfection efficiency depends on the hormonal stage of the animal. The best expression occurred during pseudopregnancy and meta-estrus periods, when high progesterone and low estradiol concentrations occur. In the male tract, in vivo methods have been applied to mouse vas deferens and epididymis. In both organs, patches of epithelial regions appeared to express the transgenes. Furthermore, the secretions of both organs were also modified using gene constructions that led to the expression of some secretory proteins. In summary, gene modifications in the epithelium of the mammalian reproductive tract have been successful employing different technologies. Further improvements in transfection efficiency would help provide new insights into the physiology of these reproductive organs. Furthermore, the use of these methods could also be used to modify the fertility of mammals.

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14

FAIRWEATHER, I., and D. W. HALTON. "Regulatory peptide involvement in the reproductive biology of flatworm parasites." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 22, no. 1-3 (December 1992): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1992.9672264.

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15

Crino, Ondi L., Colin T. Prather, Stephanie C. Driscoll, Jeffrey M. Good, and Creagh W. Breuner. "Developmental stress increases reproductive success in male zebra finches." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1795 (November 22, 2014): 20141266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1266.

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There is increasing evidence that exposure to stress during development can have sustained effects on animal phenotype and performance across life-history stages. For example, developmental stress has been shown to decrease the quality of sexually selected traits (e.g. bird song), and therefore is thought to decrease reproductive success. However, animals exposed to developmental stress may compensate for poor quality sexually selected traits by pursuing alternative reproductive tactics. Here, we examine the effects of developmental stress on adult male reproductive investment and success in the zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ). We tested the hypothesis that males exposed to developmental stress sire fewer offspring through extra-pair copulations (EPCs), but invest more in parental care. To test this hypothesis, we fed nestlings corticosterone (CORT; the dominant avian stress hormone) during the nestling period and measured their adult reproductive success using common garden breeding experiments. We found that nestlings reared by CORT-fed fathers received more parental care compared with nestlings reared by control fathers. Consequently, males fed CORT during development reared nestlings in better condition compared with control males. Contrary to the prediction that developmental stress decreases male reproductive success, we found that CORT-fed males also sired more offspring and were less likely to rear non-genetic offspring compared with control males, and thus had greater overall reproductive success. These data are the first to demonstrate that developmental stress can have a positive effect on fitness via changes in reproductive success and provide support for an adaptive role of developmental stress in shaping animal phenotype.

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Luoh, S. W., P. A. Bain, R. D. Polakiewicz, M. L. Goodheart, H. Gardner, R. Jaenisch, and D. C. Page. "Zfx mutation results in small animal size and reduced germ cell number in male and female mice." Development 124, no. 11 (June 1, 1997): 2275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.11.2275.

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The zinc-finger proteins ZFX and ZFY, encoded by genes on the mammalian X and Y chromosomes, have been speculated to function in sex differentiation, spermatogenesis, and Turner syndrome. We derived Zfx mutant mice by targeted mutagenesis. Mutant mice (both males and females) were smaller, less viable, and had fewer germ cells than wild-type mice, features also found in human females with an XO karyotype (Turner syndrome). Mutant XY animals were fully masculinized, with testes and male genitalia, and were fertile, but sperm counts were reduced by one half. Homozygous mutant XX animals were fully feminized, with ovaries and female genitalia, but showed a shortage of oocytes resulting in diminished fertility and shortened reproductive lifespan, as in premature ovarian failure in humans. The number of primordial germ cells was reduced in both XX and XY mutant animals at embryonic day 11.5, prior to gonadal sex differentiation. Zfx mutant animals exhibited a growth deficit evident at embryonic day 12.5, which persisted throughout postnatal life and was not complemented by the Zfy genes. These phenotypes provide the first direct evidence for a role of Zfx in growth and reproductive development.

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17

Morais, Mychel Raony Paiva Teixeira, Tiago da Silva Teófilo, Bruna K. G. Azevedo, Diogo Manuel Lopes Paiva Cavalcanti, and José Domingues Fontenele‐Neto. "Drought leads to reproductive quiescence in smooth‐billed anis: Phenotypic evidence for opportunistic breeding and reproductive readiness." Journal of Morphology 280, no. 7 (May 20, 2019): 968–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20995.

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18

Foster, Paul M. D. "Influence of Study Design on Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Study Outcomes." Toxicologic Pathology 45, no. 1 (October 5, 2016): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623316671608.

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Regulatory studies of developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) studies have remained largely unchanged for decades, with exposures occurring at various phases of the reproductive cycle and toxicity evaluations at different ages/times depending on the study purpose. The National Toxicology Program has conducted studies examining the power to detect adverse effects where there is a prenatal exposure, but evaluations occur postnatally. In these studies, examination is required of only 1 male and female pup from each litter beyond weaning. This provides poor resolving power to detect rare events (e.g., reproductive tract malformations). If an adverse effect is detected, there is little confidence in the shape of the dose–response curve (and the Benchmark Dose or No Observed Adverse Effect Level [NOAEL]). We have developed a new protocol to evaluate DART, the modified one generation study, with exposure commencing with pregnant animals and retention of 4 males and females from each litter beyond weaning to improve statistical power. These animals can be allocated to specific cohorts that examine subchronic toxicity, teratology, littering, and neurobehavioral toxicity in the same study. This approach also results in a reduction in animal numbers used, compared with individual stand-alone studies, and offers increased numbers of end points evaluated compared with recent Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development proposals.

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19

Sugiura, Kenta, and Midori Matsumoto. "Sexual reproductive behaviours of tardigrades: a review." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 65, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2021.1990142.

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20

BRYAN, PATRICK J., and MARC SLATTERY. "Reproductive behavior of the Gymnosomatous PteropodClione antarctica." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 29, no. 2 (February 1996): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1996.9672505.

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21

Aitken, R. John, and Mark A. Baker. "Oxidative stress and male reproductive biology." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 5 (2004): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd03089.

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Spermatozoa were the first cell type in which the cellular generation of reactive oxygen was demonstrated. This activity has now been confirmed in spermatozoa from all mammalian species examined including the rat, mouse, rabbit, horse, bull and human being. Under physiological circumstances, cellular redox activity is thought to drive the cAMP-mediated, tyrosine phosphorylation events associated with sperm capacitation. In addition to this biological role, human spermatozoa also appear to suffer from oxidative stress, with impacts on the normality of their function and the integrity of their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Recent studies have helped to clarify the molecular basis for the intense redox activity observed in defective human spermatozoa, the nature of the subcellular structures responsible for this activity and possible mechanisms by which oxidative stress impacts on these cells. Given the importance of oxidative damage in the male germ line to the origins of male infertility, early pregnancy loss and childhood disease, this area of sperm biochemistry deserves attention from all those interested in improved methods for the diagnosis, management and prevention of male-mediated reproductive failure.

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22

McDonough, Paul G. "The Y-chromosome and reproductive disorders." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 10, no. 1 (1998): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r98033.

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Over the past decade the tools of modern molecular biology have provided unique insights into our fundamental understanding of developmental systems. These insights have been gleaned from the study of a wide variety of model organisms including yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), fly (Drosophila), worm (Caenorhabditis elegans), and mouse. In man, the first analysis of developmental systems started with sexual differentiation and focused on the role of Y-linked genes. The presence of living developmental mutants in man affecting sexual development and the early technology of deletion mapping facilitated the isolation and identification of small segments of putative DNA suspected to contain sex-determining genes. The isolation of genes such as SRY (Sex Related gene on Y) has provided the first insights into the molecular biology of human sexual differentiation. The focus on the Y chromosome has brought further insights into chromosomal pairing, statural determinants in man, oncogenesis, spermatogenesis, haploid genomes, and the lineage of man himself. This paper provides the circumstantial and direct evidence to illustrate the importance of the Y chromosome in reproductive disorders, and in the analysis of haploid genomes.

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23

Draskau, Monica Kam, Cassy M. Spiller, Julie Boberg, Josephine Bowles, and Terje Svingen. "Developmental biology meets toxicology: contributing reproductive mechanisms to build adverse outcome pathways." Molecular Human Reproduction 26, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gaaa001.

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Abstract An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a simplified description of the sequence of mechanistic events that lead to a particular toxicological effect, from initial trigger to adverse outcome. Although designed to inform regulatory risk assessors, the AOP framework also provides a platform for innovative collaborations between experts from relevant research fields and the regulatory community. The underpinning for any AOP is basic knowledge about molecular and developmental processes; such knowledge can only be attained by solid bioscientific research. Starting with this fundamental knowledge, the objective is to devise novel testing strategies that focus on key events in a causative pathway. It is anticipated that such a knowledge-based approach will ultimately alleviate many of the burdens associated with classical chemical testing strategies that typically involve large-scale animal toxicity regimens. This hails from the notion that a solid understanding of the underlying mechanisms will allow the development and use of alternative test methods, including both in vitro and in silico approaches. This review is specifically targeted at professionals working in bioscientific fields, such as developmental and reproductive biology, and aims to (i) inform on the existence of the AOP framework and (ii) encourage new cross-disciplinary collaborations. It is hoped that fundamental biological knowledge can thus be better exploited for applied purposes: firstly, an improved understanding of how our perpetual exposure to environmental chemicals is causing human reproductive disease and, secondly, new approaches to screen for harmful chemicals more efficiently. This is not an instructional manual on how to create AOPs; rather, we discuss how to harness fundamental knowledge from the biosciences to assist regulatory toxicologists in their efforts to protect humans against chemicals that harm human reproductive development and function.

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24

Choksi, Neepa Y., Gloria D. Jahnke, Cathy St. Hilaire, and Michael Shelby. "Role of thyroid hormones in human and laboratory animal reproductive health." Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology 68, no. 6 (December 2003): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdrb.10045.

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25

Peixoto, A. J. M., and C. S. G. Santos. "Reproductive biology of Perinereis anderssoni (Polychaeta: Nereididae) in a subtropical Atlantic Beach." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 60, no. 3 (June 17, 2016): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2016.1194333.

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26

Fox, Thomas H., Åse Jespersen, and Jørgen Lützen. "Sperm transfer and reproductive biology in species of hermaphroditic bivalves (Galeommatoidea: Montacutidae)." Journal of Morphology 268, no. 11 (2007): 936–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10538.

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27

Lonergan, P., D. Rizos, A. Gutiérrez-Adán, T. Fair, and MP Boland. "Effect of culture environment on embryo quality and gene expression – experience from animal studies." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 7, no. 6 (January 2003): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62088-3.

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28

Machtinger, Ronit, and Raoul Orvieto. "Bisphenol A, oocyte maturation, implantation, and IVF outcome: review of animal and human data." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 29, no. 4 (October 2014): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.06.013.

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29

Api, Martina, Valentina Notarstefano, Ike Olivotto, Alessandro Cellerino, and Oliana Carnevali. "Breeders Age Affects Reproductive Success in Nothobranchius furzeri." Zebrafish 15, no. 6 (December 2018): 546–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/zeb.2018.1631.

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30

WYSOKI, MANES, SHAUL BEN YEHUDA, and DAVID ROSEN. "Reproductive behavior of the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 24, no. 3 (December 1993): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1993.9672355.

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FORTUNATO, HELENA. "Reproductive strategies in gastropods across the Panama seaway." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 46, no. 2-3 (December 2004): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2004.9652617.

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32

Penning, K. A., and D. M. Wrigley. "Aged Eisenia fetida earthworms exhibit decreased reproductive success." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 62, no. 2 (November 29, 2017): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2017.1409287.

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33

PAVANELLI, CAIO A. M., EMERSON C. MOSSOLIN, and FERNANDO L. MANTELATTO. "Reproductive strategy of the snapping shrimpAlpheus armillatusH. Milne-Edwards, 1837 in the South Atlantic: fecundity, egg features, and reproductive output." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 52, no. 3 (January 2008): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2008.9652280.

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34

Elinson, Richard P., and Eugenia M. Del Pino. "Cleavage and gastrulation in the egg-brooding, marsupial frog, Gastrotheca riobambae." Development 90, no. 1 (December 1, 1985): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.90.1.223.

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The marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae has several reproductive adaptations, most prominent of which is the incubation of the embryo in a pouch on the mother's back. We have followed cleavage and gastrulation by microscopical observation and by vital staining, and have found several alterations in these processes which may reflect the reproductive adaptations. The large, yolky egg has a cap of yolk-poor cytoplasm at the animal pole which is incorporated into a translucent blastocoel roof consisting of a single cell layer. The epithelium of the yolk sac is derived from the roof. The inconspicuous blastoporal lips form near the vegetal pole from cells of the marginal region. Gastrulation movements include the epibolic stretching of the surface towards the blastopore and a contraction of the vegetal surface. The blastoporal lips close over a small archenteron, and the cells of the lips become the embryonic disc, a discrete group of small cells which give rise to most of the embryo's body. The great size difference between animal and vegetal blastomeres during cleavage, the single-celled blastocoel roof, the dissociation in time between archenteron formation and its expansion, the embryonic disc and the slow development distinguish G. riobambae embryos from those of other frogs. The importance of the marginal region which produces the embryonic disc and the unimportance of the most animal region whose fate is primarily yolk sac emphasizes the role of the marginal region in amphibian development.

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35

Kangawa, Akihisa, Masayoshi Otake, Satoko Enya, Toshinori Yoshida, and Masatoshi Shibata. "Normal Developmental and Estrous Cycle–dependent Histological Features of the Female Reproductive Organs in Microminipigs." Toxicologic Pathology 45, no. 4 (June 2017): 551–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623317710012.

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The microminipig has become an increasingly attractive animal model for various experimental practices because of its manageable size; however, studies of the histological features of the female reproductive organs in microminipigs are limited. The present study investigates the sexual development of the reproductive organs and the cyclical changes during the estrous cycle in female microminipigs. The ovaries, oviducts, uteri, and vaginal tissues from 33 animals aged 0 to 26 months were utilized in this study. By evaluating the large tertiary follicles, corpora lutea, and the regressing corpora lutea, we estimated that female microminipigs reached puberty at approximately 5 months of age and sexual maturity at 8 months of age. The appearance of the follicles and corpora lutea in the ovaries, as well as the epithelium in other reproductive organs, was synchronized with each phase of the estrous cycle and was identical to that in common domestic pigs. In addition, several spontaneous findings were observed, including mesonephric duct remnants adjacent to oviducts and mineralization in ovaries. Understanding the normal histology of the reproductive organs in microminipigs is crucial for advancing pathological evaluations for future toxicological studies.

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Klepsatel, Peter, Thirnahalli Nagaraj Girish, Heinrich Dircksen, and Martina Gáliková. "Reproductive fitness ofDrosophilais maximised by optimal developmental temperature." Journal of Experimental Biology 222, no. 10 (May 7, 2019): jeb202184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202184.

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37

Bavister, Barry. "The role of animal studies in supporting human assisted reproductive technology." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 7 (2004): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd04087.

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Although average success rates of human IVF have increased progressively during the past two decades, the efficiency of this technique, based on each embryo produced or transferred, is still low. High success rates are usually achieved by transferring several embryos to the patient, which is often associated with multiple pregnancies. The quality of in vitro produced embryos is a major area that needs attention. Because there is no in vivo database for human embryos, the properties of normal embryos are not known, and so it is difficult to know how to improve quality and viability. In addition, selection of the most viable embryos for transfer is a rather subjective process. The origins of human assisted reproductive technology (ART) are based on animal ART; however, the two areas of research (animal and human ART) appear to have become disconnected. Re-examination of progress in animal ART could help improve human embryo quality and thereby assist efforts to sustain high pregnancy rates with only one or two embryos transferred. Some key areas in which animal ART can help guide progress in human ART are discussed.

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38

Luo, Katherine Leisan, Ryan S. Underwood, and Iva Greenwald. "Positive autoregulation of lag-1 in response to LIN-12 activation in cell fate decisions during C. elegans reproductive system development." Development 147, no. 18 (August 24, 2020): dev193482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.193482.

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ABSTRACTDuring animal development, ligand binding releases the intracellular domain of LIN-12/Notch by proteolytic cleavage to translocate to the nucleus, where it associates with the DNA-binding protein LAG-1/CSL to activate target gene transcription. We investigated the spatiotemporal regulation of LAG-1/CSL expression in Caenorhabditis elegans and observed that an increase in endogenous LAG-1 levels correlates with LIN-12/Notch activation in different cell contexts during reproductive system development. We show that this increase is via transcriptional upregulation by creating a synthetic endogenous operon, and identified an enhancer region that contains multiple LAG-1 binding sites (LBSs) embedded in a more extensively conserved high occupancy target (HOT) region. We show that these LBSs are necessary for upregulation in response to LIN-12/Notch activity, indicating that lag-1 engages in direct positive autoregulation. Deletion of the HOT region from endogenous lag-1 reduced LAG-1 levels and abrogated positive autoregulation, but did not cause hallmark cell fate transformations associated with loss of lin-12/Notch or lag-1 activity. Instead, later somatic reproductive system defects suggest that proper transcriptional regulation of lag-1 confers robustness to somatic reproductive system development.

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39

Martin, G. B. "023. Biotechnology and reproduction in mainstream animal industry - a perspective." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs023.

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This paper considers strategies to improve the reproductive performance of small ruminants in ways that lead to production systems that are ‘clean, green and ethical’. This view arises from feedback from consumers, particularly in attractive export markets, and from a need to refocus on the needs of Australian producers, most of whom operate large, extensive enterprises. These people cannot use ‘high-tech’ systems but need low-cost, low-labour solutions to their problems. First, to control of the timing of reproductive events, they can use the socio-sexual inputs of the ‘male effect’ to induce synchronised ovulation in females that would otherwise be anovulatory (seasonal, lactational, prepubertal). Second, they can use nutritional stimuli for ‘focus feeding’, in which short periods of nutritional supplements are precisely timed and specifically designed for individual events in the reproductive process: gamete production, embryo survival, ‘fetal programming’ and colostrum production. Third, they can use simple behavioural observations to genetically select for temperament – this will maximize offspring survival, product quality and animal welfare. All of these approaches involve non-pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous control systems of the animals and complement the detailed information from ultrasound that is now becoming available.1 The use of such clean, green and ethical tools in the management of our animals can be cost-effective, increase productivity and, at the same time, greatly improve the image of meat and milk industries in society and the marketplace. This does not mean, however, that they will not benefit from the opportunities that evolve from breakthroughs in reproductive technology or gene research. On the contrary, if this ‘high-tech’ research is done within the context of the needs of a ‘clean, green and ethical’ industry, first class science can have very direct and immediate benefits to our livestock industries. (1)Martin GB, Milton JTB, Davidson RH, Banchero Hunzicker GE, Lindsay DR and Blache D. (2004). Natural methods of increasing reproductive efficiency in sheep and goats. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 82–83, 231–246.

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40

Ouédraogo, Arouna P. "Public Perceptions of Reproductive Biotechnologies: The Case of Farm Animal Breeding and Reproduction in France and the United Kingdom." Cloning and Stem Cells 6, no. 2 (June 2004): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/1536230041372292.

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41

Löscher, Andreas, Harald W. Krenn, Thomas Schwaha, and Michael Seiter. "The male reproductive system in whip spiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi)." Journal of Morphology 283, no. 5 (February 10, 2022): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21458.

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SEWELL, MARY A., and PATRICIA R. BERGQUIST. "Variability in the reproductive cycle ofStichopus mollis(Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 17, no. 1 (February 1990): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1990.9672081.

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LAUFER, H., A. SAGI, J. S. B. AHL, and E. HOMOLA. "Methyl farnesoate appears to be a crustacean reproductive hormone." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 22, no. 1-3 (December 1992): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1992.9672252.

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HIROKI, K., R. M. V. LEONEL, and S. G. B. C. LOPES. "Reproductive events ofNausitora fusticula(Jeffreys, 1860) (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Teredinidae)." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 26, no. 3 (December 1994): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1994.9672424.

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Xiang, Meng, Shuqiang Chen, Xudong Zhang, and Yuan Ma. "Placental diseases associated with assisted reproductive technology." Reproductive Biology 21, no. 2 (June 2021): 100505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100505.

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Reynolds, L. P., P. P. Borowicz, K. A. Vonnahme, M. L. Johnson, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, J. M. Wallace, J. S. Caton, and D. A. Redmer. "Animal models of placental angiogenesis." Placenta 26, no. 10 (November 2005): 689–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2004.11.010.

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Hashem, Nesrein M., and Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. "Perspective on the relationship between reproductive tract microbiota eubiosis and dysbiosis and reproductive function." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 34, no. 7 (March 15, 2022): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd21252.

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Abstract:

The role played by microbiota is attracting growing attention within the scientific and medical community, in both human and animal fields, in the last years. Most of the studies have been focused on the intestinal microbiome, whilst little attention has been paid to other systems, like the reproductive tract of both females and males. However, there is a growing body of information showing the interplay between reproductive tract dysbiosis, due to the action of pathogens and/or unhealthy lifestyle, and reproductive disease and disorders in many mammalian species. The present review aims to summarise current knowledge on the biodiversity of the microbiota of the reproductive tract, and the possible relationships between eubiosis or dysbiosis and reproductive health and function in both females and males.

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Zacchini, Federica, Silvestre Sampino, Adrian M. Stankiewicz, Thomas Haaf, and Grazyna E. Ptak. "Assessing the epigenetic risks of assisted reproductive technologies: a way forward." International Journal of Developmental Biology 63, no. 3-4-5 (2019): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.180402gp.

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Abstract:

Since the birth of the first baby conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF), assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been constantly evolving to accomodate needs of a growing number of infertile couples. Rapidly developing ART procedures are directly applied for human infertility treatment without prior long-term safety evaluation. Although the majority of ART babies are healthy at birth, a comprehensive assessment of the long-term risks associated with ART is still lacking. An increased risk of epigenetic errors has been associated with the use of ART, which may contribute to the onset of civilization disease later in adolescence/adulthood and/or in subsequent generations. Therefore, our investigations should not focus on (or be limited to) the occurrence of a few very rare imprinting disorders in ART children, which might be associated with parental age and/or the use of ART, but on the possibly increased disease susceptibilities later in life and their potential transmission to the subsequent generations. Retrospective studies do not offer exhaustive information on long-term consequences of ART. Animal models are useful tools to study long-term effects including transgenerational ones and the epigenetic risk of a given ART procedure, which could then be translated to the human context. The final goal is the establishment of common guidelines for assessing the epigenetic risk of ART in humans, which will contribute to two key objectives of the Horizon2020 programme, i.e. to improve our understanding of the causes and mechanisms underlying health and disease, and to improve our ability to monitor health and prevent/manage disease.

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Murray, J. M., G. J. Watson, A. Giangrande, M. G. Bentley, and P. Farrell. "Reproductive biology and population ecology of the marine fan wormSabella pavonina(Savigny) (Polychaeta: Sabellidae)." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 55, no. 3 (September 2011): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2011.555619.

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Lyons, Laura J., Ruth M. O’Riordan, Thomas F. Cross, and Sarah C. Culloty. "Reproductive biology of the shore crabCarcinus maenas(Decapoda, Portunidae): a macroscopic and histological view." Invertebrate Reproduction & Development 56, no. 2 (June 2012): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2011.582693.

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