Relevant bibliographies by topics / 040406 Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism

Academic literature on the topic '040406 Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "040406 Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism"

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Borradaile, G. J., F. Lagroix, T. D. Hamilton, and D. A. Trebilcock. "Ophiolite Tectonics, Rock Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism, Cyprus." Surveys in Geophysics 31, no. 3 (December 10, 2009): 285–359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-009-9090-2.

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Radhakrishnamurty, C., and K. V. Subbarao. "Palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism of the Deccan traps." Journal of Earth System Science 99, no. 4 (December 1990): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02840321.

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Wells, Ray E. "Methods of rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism — Techniques and instrumentation." Marine Geology 65, no. 1-2 (May 1985): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90053-2.

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Barton, C. E., and F. M. Peerdeman. "Palaeomagnetism, rock magnetism and evolution of the Great Barrier Reef." Exploration Geophysics 24, no. 2 (June 1993): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eg993311.

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Ort, M. H., M. Porreca, and J. W. Geissman. "The use of palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism to understand volcanic processes: introduction." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 396, no. 1 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp396.17.

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Satyanarayana, K. V. V., Baldev R. Arora, and A. S. Janardhan. "Rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism of the Oddanchatram anorthosite, Tamil Nadu, South India." Geophysical Journal International 155, no. 3 (December 2003): 1081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2003.02116.x.

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Sagnotti, Leonardo, and Aldo Winkler. "Rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism of greigite-bearing mudstones in the Italian peninsula." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 165, no. 1 (January 1999): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(98)00248-9.

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McEnroe, Suzanne A., and Laurie L. Brown. "Palaeomagnetism, rock magnetism and geochemistry of Jurassic dykes and correlative redbeds, Massachusetts, USA." Geophysical Journal International 143, no. 1 (October 2000): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00193.x.

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Florindo, Fabio, and Leonardo Sagnotti. "Palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism in the upper Pliocene Valle Ricca (Rome, Italy) section." Geophysical Journal International 123, no. 2 (November 1995): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1995.tb06858.x.

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Langereis, C. G., and M. J. Dekkers. "Palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism of the Tortonian-Messinian boundary stratotype at Falconara, Sicily." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 71, no. 1-2 (April 1992): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(92)90032-q.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "040406 Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism"

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Barron, Louise Lillias Margaret. "Effect of exchange and magnetostatic interactions on grain boundaries." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5023.

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Magnetic minerals are abundant within our Earth's crust and can retain, through one of a number of processes, a remanent magnetisation induced by the Earth's magnetic field. Analyses of palaeomagnetic samples have been used for the past fifty years to improve our understanding of many of the Earth's major processes. Recent studies utilising newly developed imaging techniques, namely holographic transmission electron microscopy, have for the first time allowed direct observations of the magnetic structure in palaeomagnetic samples on a nanoscale. It is commonly observed that igneous rocks contain closely packed magnetic lamellae with a non-magnetic matrix, a result of the chemical process of exsolution. However, the results of current micromagnetic models, generated to predict the magnetic structure within such samples, are not in agreement with these direct observations. The results do, however, show strong similarities to the direct observations. The discrepancies between the direct observations and micromagnetic models indicate a lack of understanding of the magnetic interactions within such samples. To examine this two distinct hypotheses have been tested. Firstly, the geometry of the system has been altered to examine the effect of this on the magnetic structure of the grains. Secondly, a multiphase model has been produced. This multiphase model allows the simulation of more complicated systems that include more than one magnetic material in direct contact. This multiphase model has allowed us to examine the effect of varying the exchange in these multiphase structures and its effect on the modelled magnetic structure. Further, this multiphase model has allowed us to examine theoretical systems involving combinations of magnetic materials commonly found in palaeomagnetic samples.
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Bhongsuwan, Tripob. "Research in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism of recent sediments and palaeozoic to tertiary rocks in Thailand /." Luleå, 2000. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2000/28/index.html.

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Muxworthy, Adrian R. "Stability of magnetic remanence in multidomain magnetite." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bc70e665-4c54-4ab5-98fa-d43ccecd07a1.

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If a rock is to retain a geologically meaningful magnetic record of its history, it is essential that it contains magnetic minerals which are capable of carrying stable magnetic remanence. Of the natural occurring magnetic minerals, magnetite is the most important because of its abundance and strong magnetic signature. The stability, i.e., the resistance to demagnetisation or reorientation, of magnetic remanence is related to grain size; in smaller grains the magnetic moments align to have single domain (SD) structures, in larger grains complex magnetic patterns are formed (multidomain (MD)). “Classical” domain theory predicts that SD remanence is stable, whilst MD remanence is not. However experimental evidence has shown that both SD and MD grains can have stable remanences. In this thesis the origin of stable MD remanence is examined. There are two opposing theories; one suggests that the stability is due to independent SD-like structures, the other postulates that the stability is due to metastable MD structure. A series of experiments were designed to examine the stability using a selection of characterised synthetic and natural samples. Low-stress hydrothermal recrystallised samples where grown for this study. For the first time, the stability of thermoremanence induced in hydrothermal crystals to cooling was examined. The results agree with previous observations for crushed and natural magnetites, and support kinematic models. The behaviour of SIRM and thermoremanences in MD magnetite to low-temperature cooling to below the crystallographic Verwey transition at 120-124 K (Tv) and the cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy isotropic point (Tk) at 130 K was investigated. On cooling through Tv, SIRM was observed to decrease and demagnetise, however thermoremanence was found to display a large increase in the magnetisation at Tv, which was partially re- versible on warming. The size of the anomaly is shown to be dependent on the temperature at which the thermoremanence is acquired, internal stress and grain size. The anomaly is attributed to the large increase in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy which occurs on cooling through Tv . It is postulated that low-temperature cycling demagnetisation is due to kinematic processes which occur on cooling between room temperature and Tk. Characterisation of low-temperature treated remanence and partially alternating field demagnetised remanence, suggest that the stable remanence is multidomain. Low-temperature cooling of remanence in single sub-micron crystals was simulated using micromagnetic models. The models predict the observed anomaly for thermoremanence on cooling through Tv, and also the relative behaviour of SIRM and thermoremanence. The single domain threshold was calculated for the low-temperature phase of magnetite, and was found to be 0.14 microns, compared to 0.07 microns at room temperature.
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Gregory, Laura C. "Active faulting and deformation of the Mongolian Altay Mountains." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4bbed5b2-4597-4faa-b08c-c182d148c152.

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In this thesis, I use multiple techniques to investigate the active faulting and deformation of the Altay Mountains, Western Mongolia. The Altay are an intracontinental transpressional mountain range, which are deforming in the far-field of the India-Asia collision. An anastomosing network of dextral faults strikes NNW-SSE, and accommodates NE-SW oriented shortening by rotating anticlockwise about vertical axes. I begin by characterising the Altay faults, and add to what is already known about their surface expression with new observations of active faulting and three previously undescribed ancient earthquake ruptures. I use 10Be cosmogenic dating and uranium-series dating on pedogenic carbonate to estimate the average Quaternary rate of slip for two of the major fault zones in the Altay. The slip rate on the Ölgiy fault is constrained to 0.3-2.1 mm/yr-1. Results from the Hovd fault are ambiguous, demonstrating the complications encountered with application of Quaternary dating techniques. I measure palaeomagnetic directions from Cretaceous to Pliocene-aged sediments in the eastern Altay to constrain the degree of anticlockwise rotation. Results from thermal demagnetisation of specimens indicate that the eastern Altay has not undergone significant rotation, in contrast with previous studies from the Siberian Altay that reveal almost 40 degrees of anticlockwise rotation. This suggests that the eastern-most Altay fault is too young to have experienced significant rotation, or is kinematically different from the Siberian Altay. I apply apatite fission track (AFT) dating and track length modeling to the central Altay. Results from AFT dating show rapid cooling in the late Cretaceous due to the distal assembly of Central Asia, suggesting that there was pre-existing topography at the start of the Late Cenozoic phase of deformation, the timing of which is constrained to have initiated at least 20 Myr ago. My work demonstrates that combining results from techniques that cover a variety of time scales quantifies the evolution of active faulting and deformation in the region.
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Bourne, Mark David. "Palaeomagnetic and geochemical characterisation of geomagnetic excursions in the Quaternary." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6315dfb6-052e-4c44-8bb1-7121cc485300.

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Geomagnetic excursions, brief deviations in geomagnetic field behaviour from that expected during 'normal' secular variation, remain some of the most enigmatic features of geomagnetic field behaviour. This thesis presents high-resolution records of geomagnetic excursions recorded at the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge in the Western North Atlantic. The highest resolution record yet of the Blake geomagnetic excursion (~125 ka) is measured in three cores from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1062 (ODP Leg 172). These cores have sufficiently high sedimentation rates (>10 cm ka-1) to allow detailed reconstruction of the field behaviour at these sites during the excursions. Previous reconstructions of geomagnetic field behaviour during excursions from marine cores have been limited by low-resolution age models. This thesis discusses a new approach, whereby measurements of excess 230Th (230Thxs) are used to constrain relative variations in sedimentation rate. Modifications are suggested to the methods previously used to calculate the concentration of 230Thxs and a new MATLAB® program is developed and described that allows rapid and flexible calculation of 230Thxs. Using this new approach, the duration (6.5±1.3 kyr) and age (129-122 ka) of the Blake excursion are accurately constrained. A palaeomagnetic study is also conducted on two ODP Sites, 1061 and 1062 on the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge to obtain a high-resolution record of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion (~41 ka). The Blake excursion is found to be of 'long' duration (6.5±1.3 kyr) whilst the Laschamp excursion is relatively short (<400 years) showing that excursions do not have a characteristic duration, linked to the conductivity of the inner core, but instead occupy a continuous range of durations. The records of both the Blake excursion and the Laschamp excursion from the Blake-Bahama Ridge sites also show rapid transitions to excursional geomagnetic pole positions (less than 500 years), much faster than often quoted for full geomagnetic reversals. Based on current estimates for reversal durations, this would imply that excursions and reversals are controlled by different processes.
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(9751070), Vaibhav R. Ostwal. "SPINTRONIC DEVICES FROM CONVENTIONAL AND EMERGING 2D MATERIALS FOR PROBABILISTIC COMPUTING." Thesis, 2020.

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Novel computational paradigms based on non-von Neumann architectures are being extensively explored for modern data-intensive applications and big-data problems. One direction in this context is to harness the intrinsic physics of spintronics devices for the implementation of nanoscale and low-power building blocks of such emerging computational systems. For example, a Probabilistic Spin Logic (PSL) that consists of networks of p-bits has been proposed for neuromorphic computing, Bayesian networks, and for solving optimization problems. In my work, I will discuss two types of device-components required for PSL: (i) p-bits mimicking binary stochastic neurons (BSN) and (ii) compound synapses for implementing weighted interconnects between p-bits. Furthermore, I will also show how the integration of recently discovered van der Waals ferromagnets in spintronics devices can reduce the current densities required by orders of magnitude, paving the way for future low-power spintronics devices.

First, a spin-device with input-output isolation and stable magnets capable of generating tunable random numbers, similar to a BSN, was demonstrated. In this device, spin-orbit torque pulses are used to initialize a nano-magnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) along its hard axis. After removal of each pulse, the nano-magnet can relax back to either of its two stable states, generating a stream of binary random numbers. By applying a small Oersted field using the input terminal of the device, the probability of obtaining 0 or 1 in binary random numbers (P) can be tuned electrically. Furthermore, our work shows that in the case when two stochastic devices are connected in series, “P” of the second device is a function of “P” of the first p-bit and the weight of the interconnection between them. Such control over correlated probabilities of stochastic devices using interconnecting weights is the working principle of PSL.

Next my work focused on compact and energy efficient implementations of p-bits and interconnecting weights using modified spin-devices. It was shown that unstable in-plane magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs), i.e. MTJs with a low energy barrier, naturally fluctuate between two states (parallel and anti-parallel) without any external excitation, in this way generating binary random numbers. Furthermore, spin-orbit torque of tantalum is used to control the time spent by the in-plane MTJ in either of its two states i.e. “P” of the device. In this device, the READ and WRITE paths are separated since the MTJ state is read by passing a current through the MTJ (READ path) while “P” is controlled by passing a current through the tantalum bar (WRITE path). Hence, a BSN/p-bit is implemented without energy-consuming hard axis initialization of the magnet and Oersted fields. Next, probabilistic switching of stable magnets was utilized to implement a novel compound synapse, which can be used for weighted interconnects between p-bits. In this experiment, an ensemble of nano-magnets was subjected to spin-orbit torque pulses such that each nano-magnet has a finite probability of switching. Hence, when a series of pulses are applied, the total magnetization of the ensemble gradually increases with the number of pulses

applied similar to the potentiation and depression curves of synapses. Furthermore, it was shown that a modified pulse scheme can improve the linearity of the synaptic behavior, which is desired for neuromorphic computing. By implementing both neuronal and synaptic devices using simple nano-magnets, we have shown that PSL can be realized using a modified Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) technology. Note that MRAM technology exists in many current foundries.

To further reduce the current densities required for spin-torque devices, we have fabricated heterostructures consisting of a 2-dimensional semiconducting ferromagnet (Cr2Ge2Te6) and a metal with spin-orbit coupling metal (tantalum). Because of properties such as clean interfaces, perfect crystalline nanomagnet structure and sustained magnetic moments down to the mono-layer limit and low current shunting, 2D ferromagnets require orders of magnitude lower current densities for spin-orbit torque switching than conventional metallic ferromagnets such as CoFeB.

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Books on the topic "040406 Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism"

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Geissman, John William, M. H. Ort, and M. Porreca. The use of palaeomagnetism and rock magnetism to understand volcanic processes. London: The Geological Society, 2015.

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I. Rockmagnetism, palaeomagnetism and environmental magnetism. Oxford, England: Pergamon, 1999.

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Collinson, D. Methods in Rock Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism: Techniques And Instrumentation. Springer, 2013.

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Collinson, D. Methods in Rock Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism: Techniques and Instrumentation. Springer, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "040406 Magnetism and Palaeomagnetism"

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Collinson, D. W. "The Magnetism of Ordinary Chondrites and SNC Meteorites: Possible Implications for Ancient Solar System Magnetic Fields." In Geomagnetism and Palaeomagnetism, 279–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0905-2_22.

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"Palaeomagnetism and Mineral Magnetism." In Looking into the Earth, 139–61. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511810305.011.

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STACEY, F. D. "The Measurement of Stress Effects in Rock Magnetism." In Methods in Palaeomagnetism, 589–92. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-2894-5.50094-x.

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CREER, K. M. "The Production of High Magnetic Fields for Experiments in Rock Magnetism." In Methods in Palaeomagnetism, 541–50. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-2894-5.50091-4.

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Lowrie, William. "7. The Earth’s magnetic field." In Geophysics: A Very Short Introduction, 106–26. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198792956.003.0007.

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The Earth is surrounded by a magnetic field, which originates inside its molten core, and which for centuries has helped travellers to navigate safely across uncharted regions. The magnetic field protects life on the Earth by acting as a shield against harmful radiation from space, especially from the Sun. ‘The Earth’s magnetic field’ explains that the magnetic field at the Earth’s surface is dominantly that of an inclined dipole. The Sun’s deforming effect on the magnetic field outside the Earth is described, as are the magnetic fields of other planets. The magnetism of rocks forms the basis of palaeomagnetism, which explains how plate tectonics displaced the continents and produced oceanic magnetic anomalies whenever the geomagnetic field reversed polarity.
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