Journal articles: '040104 Climate Change Processes'

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Jenkins, G. "Climate processes and change." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 79, no. 20 (1998): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98eo00176.

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Martins, Rafael D’Almeida, and Leila da Costa Ferreira. "Governing climate change:." Sustainability in Debate 2, no. 2 (December 21, 2011): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v2n2.2011.5819.

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This paper examines the climate change vulnerability of the Northern Coast of the State ofSão Paulo (Litoral Norte Paulista), Brazil. Based on a literature review and a case-studyencompassing the analysis of policy documents, secondary data and semi-structuredinterviews with policymakers and civil society representatives, it aims to provide a usefulway to examine the multiple and overlapping processes of environmental, social-economicand climatic change in this region. By analyzing its vulnerability, the paper argues that thedegree to which these cities are vulnerable to climate change is largely determined by thebroader historic and socio-economic contextual factors. The finding indicates that the social,economic and cultural changes brought by the last four decades of intense process ofurbanization, tourism exploitation and increasingly economic activities have deepened socialand environmental problems, increasing the vulnerability of particular groups and theregion as a whole to climate variability and change. The cross-scale nature of the problemsand the cross-level interactions of these processes pose significant challenges for thegovernance structures and institutions on the region that fail to address the root causes ofvulnerability, highlighting the municipalities’ insufficiency to address the consequences ofa changing environment and climate.

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Naudinot, Nicolas, and Robert L. Kelly. "Climate change and archaeology." Quaternary International 428 (January 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.02.026.

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Pitman, A. J., and R. J. Stouffer. "Abrupt change in climate and climate models." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 4 (July 19, 2006): 1745–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-1745-2006.

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Abstract. First, we review the evidence that abrupt climate changes have occurred in the past and then demonstrate that climate models have developing capacity to simulate many of these changes. In particular, the processes by which changes in the ocean circulation drive abrupt changes appear to be captured by climate models to a degree that is encouraging. The evidence that past changes in the ocean have driven abrupt change in terrestrial systems is also convincing, but these processes are only just beginning to be included in climate models. Second, we explore the likelihood that climate models can capture those abrupt changes in climate that may occur in the future due to the enhanced greenhouse effect. We note that existing evidence indicates that a major collapse of the thermohaline circulate seems unlikely in the 21st century, although very recent evidence suggests that a weakening may already be underway. We have confidence that current climate models can capture a weakening, but a collapse of the thermohaline circulation in the 21st century is not projected by climate models. Worrying evidence of instability in terrestrial carbon, from observations and modelling studies, is beginning to accumulate. Current climate models used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the 4th Assessment Report do not include these terrestrial carbon processes. We therefore can not make statements with any confidence regarding these changes. At present, the scale of the terrestrial carbon feedback is believed to be small enough that it does not significantly affect projections of warming during the first half of the 21st century. However, the uncertainties in how biological systems will respond to warming are sufficiently large to undermine confidence in this belief and point us to areas requiring significant additional work.

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Pitman, A. J., and R. J. Stouffer. "Abrupt change in climate and climate models." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 6 (November 28, 2006): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-903-2006.

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Abstract. First, we review the evidence that abrupt climate changes have occurred in the past and then demonstrate that climate models have developing capacity to simulate many of these changes. In particular, the processes by which changes in the ocean circulation drive abrupt changes appear to be captured by climate models to a degree that is encouraging. The evidence that past changes in the ocean have driven abrupt change in terrestrial systems is also convincing, but these processes are only just beginning to be included in climate models. Second, we explore the likelihood that climate models can capture those abrupt changes in climate that may occur in the future due to the enhanced greenhouse effect. We note that existing evidence indicates that a major collapse of the thermohaline circulation seems unlikely in the 21st century, although very recent evidence suggests that a weakening may already be underway. We have confidence that current climate models can capture a weakening, but a collapse in the 21st century of the thermohaline circulation is not projected by climate models. Worrying evidence of instability in terrestrial carbon, from observations and modelling studies, is beginning to accumulate. Current climate models used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for the 4th Assessment Report do not include these terrestrial carbon processes. We therefore can not make statements with any confidence regarding these changes. At present, the scale of the terrestrial carbon feedback is believed to be small enough that it does not significantly affect projections of warming during the first half of the 21st century. However, the uncertainties in how biological systems will respond to warming are sufficiently large to undermine confidence in this belief and point us to areas requiring significant additional work.

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Overland, James. "Potential Arctic Change Through Climate Amplification Processes." Oceanography 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.70.

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Blum, Winfried. "Soils and Climate Change." Journal of Soils and Sediments 5, no. 2 (June 2005): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/jss2005.02.006.

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Finn, Matt. "Visualising climate change." Geography 106, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2021.1987644.

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Mrozewski, Tomasz. "Climate change data." Bulletin - Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives (ACMLA), no. 162 (July 26, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/acmla.n162.1528.

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Kininmonth, William. "Climate Change — A Natural Hazard." Energy & Environment 14, no. 2-3 (May 2003): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830503765184600.

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The impacts of weather and climate extremes (floods, storms, drought, etc) have historically set back development and will continue to do so into the future, especially in developing countries. It is essential to understand how future climate change will be manifest as weather and climate extremes in order to implement policies of sustainable development. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that natural processes have caused the climate to change and it is unlikely that human influences will dominate the natural processes. Any suggestion that implementation of the Kyoto Protocol will avoid future infrastructure damage, environmental degradation and loss of life from weather and climate extremes is a grand delusion.

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Afzal, Samrana, and Shaheen Akhtar. "MAINSTREAMING CLIMATE CHANGE IN POLICY PROCESSES OF PAKISTAN." ISSRA Papers 13 (December 31, 2021): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.54690/issrap.v13ixiii.89.

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Pakistan is highly exposed to increasing threats of climate crisis. Despite growing climatic pressures nationwide, the climate coping mechanisms of the country are extremely weak. This study analyses the process of climate change mainstreaming into Pakistan’s national policy processes by deploying the Action on Climate Today (ACT) Framework consisting three pillars: the entry points, enabling environment and political economy drivers. This is blended with the theoretical assumptions of New-Institutionalism that helps in examining key institutional and policy responses to climate change at all governmental levels of Pakistan. It argues that the mainstreaming of climate change into Pakistan’s national, provincial, and sectoral socio-economic development policies, planning and implementation processes will enhance the country’s resilience against growing climatic challenges. There is meager literature on mainstreaming climate change on Pakistan and this study attempts to fill this gap. The study maps vulnerabilities, challenges and options of mainstreaming climate in planning and policy making of the country. It concludes that despite setting national and international goals regarding climate resilience, there remains an extensive gap between legislative aims and implementation of national policies in Pakistan that needs to be addressed.

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Dujardin, Sébastien. "Planning with Climate Change? A Poststructuralist Approach to Climate Change Adaptation." Annals of the American Association of Geographers 110, no. 4 (October 22, 2019): 1059–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2019.1664888.

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Giancaterini, Francesco, Alain Hecq, and Claudio Morana. "Is Climate Change Time-Reversible?" Econometrics 10, no. 4 (December 7, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics10040036.

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This paper proposes strategies to detect time reversibility in stationary stochastic processes by using the properties of mixed causal and noncausal models. It shows that they can also be used for non-stationary processes when the trend component is computed with the Hodrick–Prescott filter rendering a time-reversible closed-form solution. This paper also links the concept of an environmental tipping point to the statistical property of time irreversibility and assesses fourteen climate indicators. We find evidence of time irreversibility in greenhouse gas emissions, global temperature, global sea levels, sea ice area, and some natural oscillation indices. While not conclusive, our findings urge the implementation of correction policies to avoid the worst consequences of climate change and not miss the opportunity window, which might still be available, despite closing quickly.

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van Eck, Christel W., Bob C. Mulder, and Sander van der Linden. "Climate Change Risk Perceptions of Audiences in the Climate Change Blogosphere." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 27, 2020): 7990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197990.

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The Climate Change Risk Perception Model (CCRPM, Van der Linden, 2015) has been used to characterize public risk perceptions; however, little is known about the model’s explanatory power in other (online) contexts. In this study, we extend the model and investigate the risk perceptions of a unique audience: The polarized climate change blogosphere. In total, our model explained 84% of the variance in risk perceptions by integrating socio-demographic characteristics, cognitive factors, experiential processes, socio-cultural influences, and an additional dimension: Trust in scientists and blogs. Although trust and the scientific consensus are useful additions to the model, affect remains the most important predictor of climate change risk perceptions. Surprisingly, the relative importance of social norms and value orientations is minimal. Implications for risk and science communication are discussed.

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Denman, KL. "Climate change, ocean processes and ocean iron fertilization." Marine Ecology Progress Series 364 (July 29, 2008): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07542.

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BUSTOS, EDUARDO SANDOVAL, and SEBASTIÁN DIAZ VICUÑA. "DECISION MAKING AND ADAPTATION PROCESSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 4 (December 2016): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asocex0004v1942016.

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Abstract Climate change imposes certain challenges not only to ecosystems but to societies as well. The change in environmental conditions makes necessary to review the decision-making process related to adaptation to climate change. This review should consider future risks or current conditions of vulnerability through existing mechanisms in organizations or societies. From this analysis onwards, processes must be developed allowing, either to prepare the way to face expected future impacts or to decrease the current vulnerability regarding climate by creating more resilient systems. In this context, the role of the academy, as a knowledge source, results fundamentally. Nevertheless, this highlight the need to review and improve the communication processes from academy towards different interests groups by means of the co-production and strengthening of links among different society components.

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Williams, Paul D. "Modelling climate change: the role of unresolved processes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1837 (October 24, 2005): 2931–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1676.

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Our understanding of the climate system has been revolutionized recently, by the development of sophisticated computer models. The predictions of such models are used to formulate international protocols, intended to mitigate the severity of global warming and its impacts. Yet, these models are not perfect representations of reality, because they remove from explicit consideration many physical processes which are known to be key aspects of the climate system, but which are too small or fast to be modelled. The purpose of this paper is to give a personal perspective of the current state of knowledge regarding the problem of unresolved scales in climate models. A recent novel solution to the problem is discussed, in which it is proposed, somewhat counter-intuitively, that the performance of models may be improved by adding random noise to represent the unresolved processes.

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Kalafatis, Scott E., Jasmine Neosh, Julie C. Libarkin, Kyle Powys Whyte, and Chris Caldwell. "Experiential Learning Processes Informing Climate Change Decision Support." Weather, Climate, and Society 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0002.1.

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Abstract Climate scientists are increasingly called upon to collaborate with policy makers to develop climate science–informed policy decisions. However, there are concerns that existing professional and cultural boundaries will remain persistent barriers to fulfilling the potential promise of these collaborations. The perception that scientists will be learning by doing while pursuing these efforts does little to assuage these concerns because more research is needed into how scientists actually learn to collaborate more effectively. Using interviews with 18 individuals identified by their peers as particularly successful participants in collaborations between Native American Tribes and climate science organizations, this paper offers suggested practices and examines learning processes underlying the development of these suggestions. The development of the list of suggested practices highlights the extent to which having the right attitude, taking the right actions, and cultivating the right processes are intertwined factors associated with success in these collaborations. Analysis of the learning processes underlying interviewees’ suggestions for suggested practices offered five sources of information that frequently led interviewees to reflect on their experiences and gain new knowledge from them. Despite these common trends, each interviewee described a reflection system that they had cultivated to continually monitor and enhance their work in collaborations that was personalized and distinctive from those the other interviewees used. Increased attention to these tailored reflection systems offers a path forward for understanding how experiential learning can most effectively enhance climate change decision support.

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Reimer, Inken, and Barbara Saerbeck. "Policy entrepreneurs in national climate change policy processes." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 35, no. 8 (October 30, 2017): 1456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417734208.

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The multi-level and multi-actor character of the international climate governance regime, as well as the imminent need for action to combat climate change, stimulates the introduction of new and innovative cross-sectoral policy proposals by policy entrepreneurs. To date, academic literature has extensively studied and discussed the importance of policy entrepreneurs for agenda-setting. The role of policy entrepreneurs in providing continuous support for a new climate policy resulting in its implementation, has on the other hand, so far received only little attention. Taking the Norwegian Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation commitment as an exemplary case, this paper explores the potential of entrepreneurial engagement throughout a country’s climate policy-making process. It aims to demonstrate the importance of policy entrepreneurs beyond agenda-setting, namely for the policy formulation phase in which responsibilities for the implementation are designated to governmental bodies. We refer to this step as institutional anchoring. Following an explorative approach, this paper shows that different types of actors – non-governmental organisations and governmental actors – act as policy entrepreneurs. It demonstrates the roles and importance of policy entrepreneurs for not only gaining, but also maintaining attention on a new policy by means of coalition building and framing.

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LANCASTER, PROFESSOR N. "RESPONSE OF AEOLIAN PROCESSES TO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 21, no. 7 (July 1996): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199607)21:7<587::aid-esp658>3.0.co;2-a.

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Thomas, D. S. G., and A. K. Singhvi. "Desert evolution: processes, climate and change. An introduction." Journal of Arid Environments 25, no. 1 (July 1993): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1993.1037.

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Rakonczai, János, J. Li, Ferenc Kovács, and A.-D. Gong. "Climate change and changing landscape." Journal of Environmental Geography 1, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2008): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jengeo-2008-43854.

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The effects of globalisation are becoming obvious not only in the world economy but in natural processes as well. Increase of deterioration of natural conditions result in more and more decrease of land and water resources. Some experts even suggest that the changing climate of the next several decades can result in the transformation of the natural landscape. Human activities, global and regional changes of climate and land use destroy the ecological environment, which also make the service function of the local ecosystem damaged constantly. We can improve ecological security of an area through regional land use pattern opti-mizing. The physical geographical consequences of aridification might be described through the decrease of ground water level, the change of the biomass quantity and quality. Their spatial and temporal variation may reflect the intensity and strength of degradation. Remote sensing is one of the best tools to follow these processes, applying different databases. Spatial analysis of the gained information may help us to delineate the areas potentially endangered by even a minor climate change.

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Gregory, S. "Holocene book reviews : Climate change 1995: The science of climate change." Holocene 7, no. 1 (March 1997): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968369700700115.

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Bushesha, Magreth S. "Climate Change-Induced Migration:." Journal of Science and Sustainable Development 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jssd.v7i1.2.

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This paper examines processes that make migration possible among climate change affected communities in Shinyanga Rural District of Shinyanga region, Tanzania. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to gather data. Whereas qualitative data was analyzed thematically, numerical data was analyzed descriptively. Findings show that short term migration, plays an important role in soliciting resources necessary for permanent migration. Further, climate change-induced migration in the study area involves the realization that the eco-system is no longer livelihood supportive. The migration process also involves identification of opportunities in destination prior to moving out from the original home. Finally, migrants need to solicit resources to cater for en route costs and for investing in destination. The study concludes that climate change impacts ignite the desire to migrate. However, for migration to happen there are multiple facets that need to be addressed. The study recommends improved access to information about opportunities available elsewhere for people in climate change affected areas.

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Barcellos, Afonso Lopes, Renata Da Silva Pereira Saccol, Nathalia Leal Carvalho, and Luana Filippin Rosa. "A simple reflection on climate change." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 23 (June 1, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117034387.

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In order to discuss climate change and our role, this literature review was developed. The term climate change, climate change or climate change refers to global-scale climate change or Earth's regional climates over time. These variations refer to changes in temperature, precipitation, cloudiness and other climatic phenomena in relation to historical averages. Such variations can alter climatic characteristics in a way to change their didactic classification. These changes can be caused by processes internal to the Earth-atmosphere system, by external forces, or by the result of human activity. Therefore, it is understood that climate change can be either an effect of natural processes or arising from human action and so one should keep in mind what kind of climate change is being referred to.

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Patricola, C. M., and K. H. Cook. "Mid-twenty-first century climate change in the Central United States. Part II: Climate change processes." Climate Dynamics 40, no. 3-4 (May 24, 2012): 569–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1379-z.

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Roe, Gerard H. "What do glaciers tell us about climate variability and climate change?" Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 203 (2011): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905640.

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AbstractGlaciers respond to long-term climate changes and also to the year-to-year fluctuations inherent in a constant climate. Differentiating between these factors is critical for the correct interpretation of past glacier fluctuations and for the correct attribution of current changes. Previous work has established that century-scale, kilometre-scale fluctuations can occur in a constant climate. This study asks two further questions of practical significance: how likely is an excursion of a given magnitude in a given amount of time, and how large a trend in length is statistically significant? A linear model permits analytical answers wherein the dependencies on glacier geometry and climate setting can be clearly understood. The expressions are validated with a flowline glacier model. The likelihood of glacier excursions is well characterized by extreme-value statistics, although probabilities are acutely sensitive to some poorly known glacier properties. Conventional statistical tests can be used for establishing the significance of an observed glacier trend. However, it is important to determine the independent information in the observations which can be effectively estimated from the glacier geometry. Finally, the retreat of glaciers around Mount Baker, Washington State, USA, is consistent with, but not independent proof of, the regional climate warming that is established from the instrumental record.

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Hessen, Dag O., and Vigdis Vandvik. "Buffering Climate Change with Nature." Weather, Climate, and Society 14, no. 2 (April 2022): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-21-0059.1.

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Abstract It is increasingly evident that climate sustainability depends not only on societal actions and responses, but also on ecosystem functioning and responses. The capacity of global ecosystems to provide services such as sequestering carbon and regulating hydrology is being strongly reduced both by climate change itself and by unprecedented rates of ecosystem degradation. These services rely on functional aspects of ecosystems that are causally linked—the same ecosystem components that efficiently sequester and store carbon also regulate hydrology by sequestering and storing water. This means that climate change adaptation and mitigation must involve not only preparing for a future with temperature and precipitation anomalies, but also actively minimizing climate hazards and risks by conserving and managing ecosystems and their fundamental supporting and regulating ecosystem services. We summarize general climate–nature feedback processes relating to carbon and water cycling on a broad global scale before focusing on Norway to exemplify the crucial role of ecosystem regulatory services for both carbon sequestration and hydrological processes and the common neglect of this ecosystem–climate link in policy and landscape management. We argue that a key instrument for both climate change mitigation and adaptation policy is to take advantage of the climate buffering and regulative abilities of a well-functioning natural ecosystem. This will enable shared benefits to nature, climate, and human well-being. To meet the global climate and nature crises, we must capitalize on the importance of nature for buffering climate change effects, combat short-term perspectives and the discounting of future costs, and maintain or even strengthen whole-ecosystem functioning at the landscape level. Significance Statement Natural ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, and heaths are key for the cycling and storage of water and carbon. Preserving these systems is essential for climate mitigation and adaptation and will also secure biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. Systematic failure to recognize the links between nature and human well-being underlies the current trend of accelerating loss of nature and thereby nature’s ability to buffer climate changes and their impacts. Society needs a new perspective on spatial planning that values nature as a sink and store of carbon and a regulator of hydrological processes, as well as for its biodiversity. We need policies that fully encompass the role of nature in preventing climate-induced disasters, along with many other benefits for human well-being.

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Williams, Jeremy. "The colour of climate change: making the racial injustice of climate change visible." Geography 106, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00167487.2021.1970928.

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Carré, Matthieu, and Rachid Cheddadi. "Seasonality in long-term climate change." Quaternaire, no. 28/2 (May 29, 2017): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.8018.

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Crowley, Thomas J. "Climate change on tectonic time scales." Tectonophysics 222, no. 3-4 (July 1993): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(93)90355-n.

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Eisenhauer, David C. "Pathways to Climate Change Adaptation: Making Climate Change Action Political." Geography Compass 10, no. 5 (May 2016): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12263.

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Parapatits, Zsolt. "Interactions Between Climate Change, World Economics, and Climate Policy." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 14, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2017-0003.

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Abstract Climate change is a major current issue which affects natural, economic and social processes equally. Despite the widespread acclaim of the issue we still encounter economic and political solution models that are climate-sceptic and often contradict each other. As a result, national climate policies and social opinions constantly change in an active interaction with each other. Thus, this current study, based on the latest international literature, reviews and analyses the world economic tendencies, related social and political responses along which different official (national) standpoints are formed. Therefore, the interpretations of related scientific research results are often different, which can easily lead to unsuccessful problem solution.

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Heffernan, Claire. "The climate change–infectious disease nexus: is it time for climate change syndemics?" Animal Health Research Reviews 14, no. 2 (October 23, 2013): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252313000133.

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AbstractConceptualizing climate as a distinct variable limits our understanding of the synergies and interactions between climate change and the range of abiotic and biotic factors, which influence animal health. Frameworks such as eco-epidemiology and the epi-systems approach, while more holistic, view climate and climate change as one of many discreet drivers of disease. Here, I argue for a new paradigmatic framework: climate-change syndemics. Climate-change syndemics begins from the assumption that climate change is one of many potential influences on infectious disease processes, but crucially is unlikely to act independently or in isolation; and as such, it is the inter-relationship between factors that take primacy in explorations of infectious disease and climate change. Equally importantly, as climate change will impact a wide range of diseases, the frame of analysis is at the collective rather than individual level (for both human and animal infectious disease) across populations.

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Dwyer, Catherine, and Helen Hasan. "Emergent Solutions for Global Climate Change." International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT 2, no. 2 (April 2012): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsodit.2012040102.

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In the emerging field of Green IT/IS, 2% is often quoted as the percentage of environmentally harmful emissions attributed to the IT industry. The term ‘Green IT’ is now part of the vocabulary, recognizing the problem of IT as a polluter and the responsibility of IT professionals. There is a counter argument that in IT, IS people have the potential to positively influence the global environmental future – in other words, develop Green IS to reduce the other 98%. Given the urgent need for progress on Climate Change, the authors argue that it is the duty of IS academics, researchers, and practitioners to reorient IS and develop new IS practices that optimize processes in support of sustainable outcomes. This argument is supported by the ability of IS to transform business processes. This paper describes Climate Change as an example of a ‘wicked problem,’ and argues that IS research has often demonstrated that imposed, top down solutions are ineffective for highly complex problems. In contrast, bottom up, emergent solutions have more promise for creating real change.

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Notz, Dirk. "A short history of climate change." EPJ Web of Conferences 246 (2020): 00002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024600002.

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The flux of energy through the climate system determines the living conditions of our planet. In this contribution, I outline the main processes regulating this flux of energy, how these processes have changed throughout Earth history, and how today they are changing by human activities, in particular by activities related to energy production. The changes in the climate state of our planet, which have been ongoing ever since the formation of the Earth some 5 billion years ago, have shaped the world we live in today. Yet, today’s climate change is special in two overarching ways. First, it is the first time that a major climate change is globally affecting a civilisation that is perfectly adapted to thousands of years of stable climate conditions. Second, today’s climate change is occurring at a rate much faster than preceding natural climate changes. In combination, these two factors make today’s climate change a unique challenge to humankind, with direct consequences of future energy production as outlined in the other contributions to this volume.

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Volokitin, M. P. "CHANGES IN SOIL FORMATION PROCESSES UNDER GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE." EurasianUnionScientists 2, no. 67 (2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2019.2.67.348.

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Tsantopoulos, Georgios, and Evangelia Karasmanaki. "Energy Transition and Climate Change in Decision-Making Processes." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 13404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313404.

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Brevik, Eric C. "Soils and Climate Change: Gas Fluxes and Soil Processes." Soil Horizons 53, no. 4 (2012): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh12-04-0012.

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Chinsinga, Blessings, and Michael Chasukwa. "Narratives, climate change and agricultural policy processes in Malawi." Africa Review 10, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2018.1485253.

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Morata, Nathalie, Emma Michaud, Marie-Aude Poullaouec, Jérémy Devesa, Manon Le Goff, Rudolph Corvaisier, and Paul E. Renaud. "Climate change and diminishing seasonality in Arctic benthic processes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2181 (August 31, 2020): 20190369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0369.

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The iconic picture of Arctic marine ecosystems shows an intense pulse of biological productivity around the spring bloom that is sustained while fresh organic matter (OM) is available, after which ecosystem activity declines to basal levels in autumn and winter. We investigated seasonality in benthic biogeochemical cycling at three stations in a high Arctic fjord that has recently lost much of its seasonal ice-cover. Unlike observations from other Arctic locations, we find little seasonality in sediment community respiration and bioturbation rates, although different sediment reworking modes varied through the year. Nutrient fluxes did vary, suggesting that, although OM was processed at similar rates, seasonality in its quality led to spring/summer peaks in inorganic nitrogen and silicate fluxes. These patterns correspond to published information on seasonality in vertical flux at the stations. Largely ice-free Kongsfjorden has a considerable detrital pool in soft sediments which sustain benthic communities over the year. Sources of this include macroalgae and terrestrial runoff. Climate change leading to less ice cover, higher light availability and expanded benthic habitat may lead to more detrital carbon in the system, dampening the quantitative importance of seasonal pulses of phytodetritus to seafloor communities in some areas of the Arctic. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.

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Peters, Emily B., Kirk R. Wythers, Shuxia Zhang, John B. Bradford, and Peter B. Reich. "Potential climate change impacts on temperate forest ecosystem processes." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 10 (October 2013): 939–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0013.

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Large changes in atmospheric CO2, temperature, and precipitation are predicted by 2100, yet the long-term consequences for carbon (C), water, and nitrogen (N) cycling in forests are poorly understood. We applied the PnET-CN ecosystem model to compare the long-term effects of changing climate and atmospheric CO2 on productivity, evapotranspiration, runoff, and net nitrogen mineralization in current Great Lakes forest types. We used two statistically downscaled climate projections, PCM B1 (warmer and wetter) and GFDL A1FI (hotter and drier), to represent two potential future climate and atmospheric CO2 scenarios. To separate the effects of climate and CO2, we ran PnET-CN including and excluding the CO2 routine. Our results suggest that, with rising CO2 and without changes in forest type, average regional productivity could increase from 67% to 142%, changes in evapotranspiration could range from –3% to +6%, runoff could increase from 2% to 22%, and net N mineralization could increase 10% to 12%. Ecosystem responses varied geographically and by forest type. Increased productivity was almost entirely driven by CO2 fertilization effects, rather than by temperature or precipitation (model runs holding CO2 constant showed stable or declining productivity). The relative importance of edaphic and climatic spatial drivers of productivity varied over time, suggesting that productivity in Great Lakes forests may switch from being temperature- to water-limited by the end of the century.

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Naess, Lars Otto, Emily Polack, and Blessings Chinsinga. "Bridging Research and Policy Processes for Climate Change Adaptation." IDS Bulletin 42, no. 3 (May 2011): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2011.00227.x.

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Asharaf, Shakeel, and Bodo Ahrens. "Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Processes in Climate Change Scenarios." Journal of Climate 28, no. 13 (July 1, 2015): 5414–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00233.1.

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Abstract Indian summer monsoon rainfall was examined in two different greenhouse gas emission scenarios: the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES; B1) and a similar greenhouse gas scenario, the new representative concentration pathways (RCPs; RCP4.5). The rainfall change in the climate model projections through remotely induced changes in precipitation processes and through changes in precipitation efficiency processes was discussed. To that end, two model setups were applied: 1) the regional climate model (RCM) Consortium for Small-Scale Modelling in Climate Mode (COSMO-CLM), nested in the global climate model (GCM) ECHAM5/Max Planck Institute ocean model (ECHAM5/MPIOM), applying the greenhouse gas scenario B1; and 2) the RCM nested in a newer version of the GCM, ECHAM6/MPIOM, incorporating the RCP4.5 scenario. Both GCM simulations showed a slight increase in precipitation over central India toward the end of the twenty-first century. This slight increase was the result of two largely compensating changes: increase of remotely induced precipitation and decrease of precipitation efficiency. The RCM with the scenario RCP4.5 followed this trend, but with smaller changes. However, the RCM with B1 showed a decreasing trend in precipitation because of a slightly larger absolute change of the reduced precipitation efficiency compared to the change caused by the remote processes. Changes of these processes in the scenario simulations were larger than the natural variability, as simulated in an unperturbed preindustrial greenhouse gas control (CTL) climate simulation. Results indicated that the projection of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall is still a key challenge for both the GCM and the RCM.

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Lettenmaier, D. "Geophysics news 1990: Hydrologic processes in global climate change." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 72, no. 10 (1991): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90eo00095.

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Fünfgeld, Hartmut. "Institutional Tipping Points in Organizational Climate Change Adaptation Processes." Journal of Extreme Events 04, no. 01 (March 2017): 1750002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737617500026.

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Despite increasing awareness of the urgency to respond to climate change through adaptation, progress with climate change adaptation differs considerably across social contexts, even within seemingly uniform institutional environments. Only a part of these differences in engaging in adaptation can be explained by differentiated exposure or sensitivity to climate change hazards. Institutions, and institutional change, play important roles in enabling or constraining adaptation at the social group scale. This paper borrows the concept of tipping points from the natural sciences (Lenton et al. 2008; Lenton 2013) and applies it to social processes of climate change adaptation by focusing on processes of institutional change towards and beyond ‘institutional’ tipping points. Different stages of institutional change, where social groups switch from one dominant attractor regime to another, are discussed and illustrated. Empirical research conducted in two organizations in the local government and primary health care sector in Australia are used as examples for how institutional adaptation occurs and how institutional tipping points can be identified. Reflecting on these examples, the paper reviews the conceptual value-add of the institutional tipping points concept, while also discussing its epistemological and methodological limitations.

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Nistor, Mărgărit-Mircea. "Groundwater vulnerability in Europe under climate change." Quaternary International 547 (May 2020): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2019.04.012.

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Olson, Carolyn. "The Soil Record of Quaternary Climate Change." Quaternary International 162-163 (March 2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.11.010.

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Smith, M. W., and D. W. Riseborough. "Permafrost monitoring and detection of climate change." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 7, no. 4 (October 1996): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1530(199610)7:4<301::aid-ppp231>3.0.co;2-r.

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Bowler, Ian R., and Martin L. Parry. "Climate Change and World Agriculture." Geographical Journal 157, no. 3 (November 1991): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/635512.

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Journal articles on the topic '040104 Climate Change Processes'

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