Dissertations / Theses on the topic '040104 Climate Change Processes'
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Chin-Yee, Simon. "Defining climate policy in Africa : Kenya's climate change policy processes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defining-climate-policy-in-africa-kenyaas-climate-change-policy-processes(3b7440d0-7f08-4e87-b47d-ea4ad0a56d50).html.
Full textA'Bear, Andrew Donald. "Climate change, fungus-invertebrate interactions and ecosystem processes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58513/.
Full textAndré, Karin. "Climate change adaptation processes : Regional and sectoral stakeholder perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-90500.
Full textDenna avhandling analyserar hur klimatanpassningsprocesser inom privata och offentliga sektorer på regional till lokal nivå i Sverige initieras, utvecklas och genomförs. Avhandlingen ägnar särskild uppmärksamhet åt identifiering av vilka intressenter (”stakeholders”) som är involverade i att underlätta och genomföra anpassning, uppfattningar om anpassningsförmåga samt vilken roll interaktion mellan olika intressenter kan ha för att underlätta anpassning. En kombination av två analytiska perspektiv används som bygger på tidigare forskning om klimatanpassningsprocesser samt transdisciplinär kunskapsproduktion. Studien genomförs inom ramen för två övergripande fallstudier av anpassningsprocesser i en urban region samt den privata skogssektorn. Fallstudierna utgör grunden för insamlingen av det empiriska materialet som bygger på kvalitativa metoder. Den främsta metoden är fokusgruppsdiskussioner med lokala och regionala, privata och offentliga aktörer med intresse av, eller ansvar för klimatanpassning. Fokusgrupperna organiseras som en serie möten där olika deltagandetekniker tillämpas. Studien bygger också på en omfattande intressentkartläggning. I avhandlingen utvecklas och ges förslag på en stegvis metod för att identifiera intressenter för anpassningsprocesser som kan användas inom forskning och praktik. Studien analyserar också hur olika intressentgrupper upplever förmågan att hantera klimatförändringar. Ett antal möjliggörande och begränsande faktorer identifieras så som karaktären på de upplevda klimatriskerna, erfarenhet av klimatvariationer och extrema väderhändelser, samt ansvar- och beslutsstrukturer. Slutligen, analyseras om och i så fall hur interaktionen mellan lokala experter och forskare som deltar i intressantdialoger (”science-based stakeholder dialogues”) kan underlätta anpassning. Resultaten visar att det finns potential genom att deltagarna ges möjlighet att ställa frågor tillvarandra och dela med sig av sina olika kunskapsbaser och erfarenheter, samt utforska olika anpassningsalternativ. Däremot behövs vidare studier för att undersöka betydelsen av det institutionella sammanhanget samt hur olika verktyg (”anchoring devices”) kan bidra när det gäller att förankra och omsätta kunskap om klimatförändringar i olika beslutskontexter. Avslutningsvis visar denna studie på att det finns både likheter och skillnader i hur anpassningsprocesser kommer till uttryck bland de olika aktörsgrupperna inom fallstudierna, t.ex. när det gäller hur begreppet anpassning används, vilken typ av anpassning som identifieras, upplevda möjligheter för anpassning samt graden av komplexitet.
Hsu, Po-Han. "Communicating climate change in Internet discussion fora : processes and implications." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48710/.
Full textPardikes, Nicholas A. "Global Change and Trophic Interaction Diversity| Complex Local and Regional Processes." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10282934.
Full textThe structure and functioning of ecosystems across the globe are rapidly changing due to several components of global environmental change (GEC). My dissertation aims to illustrate how regional and local aspects of GEC impact diverse assemblages of species and species interactions. All organisms are embedded in complex networks of species interactions, and future efforts to predict and mitigate the impacts of GEC on ecological communities will be facilitated by such studies that incorporate a suite of species and species interactions. This study advances our understanding of how GEC will impact ecological communities by investigating two questions about GEC: 1) How will shifts in global climate cycles (e.g., El Nino Southern Oscillation), as a consequence of global warming, impact a diverse assemblage of butterflies that exist across a heterogeneous landscape? 2) What are the consequences of woody plant encroachment on complex, specialized interactions between plants, insect herbivores, and natural enemies (e.g., insect parasitoids)? Furthermore, I helped develop a tool to identify characteristics of ecological communities that are essential for promoting the diversity of trophic interactions. While the loss of species diversity is well recognized, interactions among species are vanishing at an astonishing rate, yet we know little about factors that determine the diversity of interactions within a community. Using data from a long-term butterfly monitoring dataset, I was able to demonstrate the utility of large-scale climate indices (e.g., ENSO) for modeling biotic/abiotic relationships for migratory butterfly species. Next, I used encroaching juniper woodlands in the Intermountain West to uncover that population age structure of dominant tress, such as juniper, can affect plant-insect dynamics and have implications for future control efforts in the expanding woodlands. Additionally, reductions of understory plant diversity, as a consequence of juniper expansion, resulted in significantly lower parasitism rates and parasitoid species diversity. Finally, simulated food webs revealed that species diversity and, to a lesser degree, consumer diet breadth, promote the diversity of trophic interactions. As ecosystems across the globe experience changes and the loss of species diversity continues, these findings offer insight into how GEC will impact species and species interactions.
Villemain, Stéphane. "Statistical modeling of daily streamflow processes in consideration of climate change." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19279.
Full textL'étude des impacts potentiels des changements du climat et de sa variabilité sur les ressources en eau demande de modéliser l'évolution future des débits de rivières. Les Modèles de Circulation Générale (GCMs) sont de récents outils qui fournissent une l'information fiable sur l'évolution future des variables atmosphériques. La présente étude a pour but de développer des modèles statistiques permettant de relier ces variables climatiques aux variables de débit. De tels outils permettraient d'obtenir de l'information sur l'évolution future des débits à partir des simulations GCM. Ces modèles sont fondés sur l'utilisation conjointe à l'échelle journalière de techniques de régression linéaires et de techniques stochastiques autorégressives. En particulier, le modèle combiné régression-autorégression avec une génération aléatoire lognormale de résidus donne des résultats satisfaisants. Ce modèle a été utilisé pour évaluer l'évolution future des conditions de débit en utilisant des scénarios de changement climatique CGCM1 (Modèle couplé climatique global du Centre Canadien de la modélisation et de l'analyse climatique, version 1) et HadCM3 (Modèle couplé du centre Hadley, version 3).
Cung, Annie. "Statistical modeling of extreme rainfall processes in consideration of climate change." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100788.
Full textThe objective of the present research is therefore to find the best method for estimating accurately extreme rainfalls for the current time period and future periods in the context of climate change. The analysis of extreme rainfall data from the province of Quebec (Canada) revealed that, according to L-moment ratio diagrams, the data may be well described by the Generalized-Extreme-Value (GEV) distribution. Results also showed that a simple scaling relationship between non-central moments (NCM) and duration can be established and that a scaling method based on NCMs and scaling exponents can be used to generate accurate estimates of extreme rainfalls at Dorval station (Quebec, Canada). Other results demonstrated that the method of NCMs can accurately estimate distribution parameters and can be used to construct accurate Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves.
Furthermore, a regional analysis was performed and homogenous regions of weather stations within Quebec were identified. A method for the estimation of missing data at ungauged sites based on regional NCMs was found to yield good estimates.
In addition, the potential impacts of climate change on extreme rainfalls were assessed. Changes in the distribution of annual maximum (AM) precipitations were evaluated using simulations from two Global Climate Models (GCMs) under the A2 greenhouse gas emission scenario: the Coupled Global Climate Model version 2 (CGCM2A2) of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, and the Hadley Centre's Model version 3 (HadCM3A2). Simulations from these two models were downscaled spatially using the Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM). A bias-correction method to adjust the downscaled AM daily precipitations for Dorval station was tested and results showed that after adjustments, the values fit the observed AM daily precipitations well. The analysis of future AM precipitations revealed that, after adjustments, AM precipitations downscaled from CGCM2A2 increase from current to future periods, while AM precipitations downscaled from HadCM3A2 show a mild decrease from current to future periods, for daily and sub-daily scales.
Liu, Liguang. "Understanding China’s Climate Change Mitigation Policy Development: Structures, Processes and Outcomes." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/429.
Full textCapell, René. "Modelling dominant runoff processes using tracers and landscape organisation in larger catchments." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186120.
Full textPathack, Beenay M. R. "Modulation of South African summer rainfall by global climatic processes." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21735.
Full textAsdar, Sarah. "Climate change impact on ecosystems of Prince Edward Islands: role of oceanic mesoscale processes." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30330.
Full textLee, Min Young. "Statistical modeling of extreme rainfall processes in the context of climate change." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114421.
Full textLa fréquence des tempêtes extrêmes est un facteur critique dans la conception et gestion d'un grand nombre de projets de ressources en eau. Dans la pratique courante, l'estimation des pluies extrêmes est réalisée en se basant sur l'analyse de fréquence statistique des données de précipitations maximales. L'objectif de cette analyse de la fréquence est donc d'estimer le montant maximal de précipitations qui tombent à un moment donné pendant une durée déterminée, ainsi que la période de retour. Les résultats de l'analyse de la fréquence des précipitations sont souvent résumés par les relations Intensité-Durée-Fréquence (IDF) pour un site donné. Toutefois, les méthodes traditionnelles dans le développement des relations IDF ont deux limites majeures. Tout d'abord, ces méthodes n'ont pas été en mesure de tenir compte des caratéristiques des précipitations extrêmes sur des différentes échelles de temps. Deuxièmement, ces méthodes traditionnelles ne tiennent pas compte des impacts potentiels de la variabilité climatique et du changement climatique. Par conséquent, l'objectif principal de cette présente étude est de proposer une méthode d'estimation des précipitations extrêmes améliorée qui pourrait surmonter ces limitations. La méthode proposée a été basée sur l'échelle d'invariance de distribution GEV et la procédure de réduction d'échelle statistique pour construire des relations IDF dans le contexte du changement climatique. La méthode des moments non-centraux a été utilisée pour l'estimation des trois paramètres de la GEV. Les résultats obtenus par une application numérique des données de Précipitations Maximales Annuelles (PMA) à partir d'un réseau de 14 stations pluviométriques en Corée de Sud ont démontré la faisabilité et la précision de la méthode proposée. La série de PMA observée a particulièrement affiché une propriété d'échelle simple. En outre, les liens entre les variables climatiques globaux donnés par les deux Modèles Climatiques Globaux (MCGs) (un en provenance d'Environnement Canada et l'autre du Centre Hadley du Royaume-Uni) et les caractéristiques des précipitations locaux extrêmes ont été établis avec succès pour prédire les changements qui résultent des relations IDF selon des différents scénarios climatiques - A2, A1B, et B2. Il a été constaté que des relations IDF pour les périodes futures (les années 2020, 2050, et 2080) ont démontré des tendances qui augmentent ou diminuent dépendemment des MCG utilisés et du scénario climatique à l'étude.
Dowrick, David John. "Laboratory studies of biogeochemical processes in wetlands subject to simulated climate change." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262748.
Full textBennett, Kelly. "Evolutionary processes generating African biodiversity : a case study on Aedes mosquitoes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/evolutionary-processes-generating-african-biodiversity-a-case-study-on-aedes-mosquitoes(155ae971-cb53-45fc-81f4-50a4db4fe46c).html.
Full textMic, Dumitrita Suzana. "Producing Collaborations Through Community-Level Processes of Climate Change and Water Management Planning." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2170.
Full textBarella, Ortiz Anais. "Analysis and modelling of soil moisture and evaporation processes, implications for climate change." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066115/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of evaporation and soil moisture, t wo main parameters of the hydrological cycle, and thus the climate system. First, potential evaporation (ET P ) is analysed. It is an important input to hydrological and agronomic models, key to describe the interactions between the surface e and the atmosphere, and the basis of most of the estimations of actual evapora tion. Physically-based and empirical methods to estimate ET P are evaluated, at a global scale, under current climate conditions and in a changing climate. The former methods correspond to those implemented in land surface models (LSM) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (F AO) reference evapotranspiration equation. The assumptions made in FAO's method underest imate ET P if compared to LSM methods. They also result in a lower sensitive ty of ET P to climate change. In addition, empirical equations are not able to reproduce the impact of climate change on ET P if compared to that from LSM methods. Soil moisture is the second aim of this thesis. It is treated t hrough the analysis of brightness temperatures (TB). These are a measure of the radiation emitted by the surface , and thus an optimum parameter to use in remote sensing techniques for soi l moisture retrieval. Measured TB from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission are compared, over the Iberian Peninsula, to two sets of TB modelled estimates from two LSM. There is a good agreement in the temporal evolution between them. However, discrepancy es are found regarding the spatial structures, which become more evident during fall and winter and are mainly explained by differences in the annual cycle of measured and modelled TB
Howell, Rachel Angharad. "Promoting lower-carbon lifestyles : the role of personal values, climate change communications and carbon allowances in processes of change." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9509.
Full textJacob, Ruth E. "PROCESSES RELATED TO HYDRODYNAMIC AND MINERAL TRAPPING FOR THE PURPOSE OF CARBON STORAGE IN DEEP SALINE AQUIFERS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1450735566.
Full textAsdar, Sarah. "Climate change impact on ecosystems of Prince Edward Islands : role of oceanic mesoscale processes." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0037/document.
Full textThe subantarctic Prince Edward Islands lie in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, between the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and the Polar Front (PF). These fronts positions were found to be highly variable at interannual and monthly time scales and revealed a significant long-term southward trend in the region. The intense mesoscale activity, observed upstream the islands at the South West Indian Ridge, also showed an interannual and intra-annual variability as well a decrease in eddy kinetic energy over 24 years. At a more local scale, we highlighted that the archipelago’s environment was impacted by the mesoscale features produced upstream.Tides appeared to be another important driver of variability of the circulation in between the two islands.An idealised model configuration was designed for the Prince Edward Islands region to study the mesoscale eddy properties and the physical mechanisms of their formation at the ridge. The Eddy Available Potential Energy revealed a maximum of energy around 800 m depth, confirming the deep reaching characteristic of the eddy originated in the region and suggested the presence of a local energy source at this depth. This eddies activity was shown to be the result of a combination of barotropic and baroclinic instabilities occurring at the ridge.Finally, we investigated on the potential consequences of a southward shift of the SAF in the region of the islands.Because the model was idealised, it allowed us to simulate an SAF southward shift by shifting the initial and boundary conditions. The main result was the clear decrease of mesoscale activity in the region which could potentially impact the ecosystems of the Prince Edward Islands
Centoni, Federico. "Global scale modelling of ozone deposition processes and interaction between surface ozone and climate change." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25454.
Full textHank, Tobias Benedikt. "A Biophysically Based Coupled Model Approach For the Assessment of Canopy Processes Under Climate Change Conditions." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-87254.
Full textDi, Bella Contreras José Manuel. "Climate change adaptation, business model innovation and socio-economic assemblages : a relational analysis of adaptive processes." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/climate-change-adaptation-business-model-innovation-and-socioeconomic-assemblages(e8a5ad5a-600d-485a-bf69-e76f4ee171e6).html.
Full textPasanen, Mortensen Marianne. "Anthropogenic impact on predator guilds and ecosystem processes : Apex predator extinctions, land use and climate change." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Zoologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100720.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Morgan, William Thomas. "Pollution aerosol across Northern Europe : assessing properties, processes and effects on regional climate." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pollution-aerosol-across-northern-europe-assessing-properties-processes-and-effects-on-regional-climate(8c347b7e-baa9-4430-af93-911ad77eef7d).html.
Full textAckerfors, Linnea, and Amanda Hederén. "Climate Transition in Municipalities : Identifying ways to assess transition processes through indicators." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-128107.
Full textKlimatförändringar har ansetts vara en av de viktigaste utmaningarna i vår tid. För att förhindra att vidare skador av klimatförändringarna kom nationer som deltog i COP21 överens om att minska sina växthusgaser tillräckligt mycket för att förhindra farliga temperaturförhöjningar och att anpassa sina samhällen till resilienta enheter. Kommuner anses vara viktiga aktörer i denna omställning då de har makt att påverka förändringar på en lokal nivå. Dock saknas metoder för att bedöma hur omställning utförs då omställning är ett nytt angreppssätt kombinerat med en brist på genomförda omställningar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska användningen av indikatorer som metod för att bedöma omställningsprocesser. Genom att använda en triangulering av metoder som delats upp i två faser fokuserar studien på två svenska kommuner som har fastställts som känsliga inför klimatförändringarna men även att ha förmågan att hantera dem. Den första fasen består av en litteraturstudie som skapade en vetenskaplig grund som berörde en global och nationell nivå. Den andra fasen bestod av en dokumentsanalys och intervjuer för att utforska omställningsprocesser på en lokal nivå. Studien visar på att det finns flera barriärer och drivkrafter för omställning som konkurrerande intressen, ekonomiska faktorer, politisk styrning, kunskaps byggande- och medvetenhet och långsiktighet men även att det fanns verktyg som var viktiga för kommunal omställning som nätverk genom samarbeten på olika nivåer och planer/mål. Slutligen visar även studien på att användningen av indikatorer som metod för att bedömma omställning skulle kunna vara möjligt men att begränsningar finns då metoden dels är kontextberoende men även att det är svårt att göra jämförelser då ingen fullförd omställning har skett.
Herrault, Joel. "Refuge from Climate Change? : The Principle of Non-Refoulement under the ICCPR and the ECHR in the Context of Climate Change." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-438698.
Full textLloyd, Andrea Heath 1967. "Patterns and Processes of Treeline Forest Response to Late Holocene Climate Change in the Sierra Nevada, California." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565561.
Full textSteentjes, Katharine. "Speak up for change? : understanding the social costs and benefits of confronting environmental disregard." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15678.
Full textDeus, Ernesto José Rodrigues Cardoso. "Distribution and natural establishment of Eucalyptus globulus in the Iberian Peninsula: insights into processes affecting plant establishment." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21193.
Full textEucalypt plantations expanded across many countries and became subject to controversy, particularly about their ecological impacts and invasive potential. The same is true in the Iberian Peninsula (Iberia) regarding Eucalyptus globulus Labill. This thesis is composed by six studies (chapters) tackling poorly explored aspects in these domains, with the following objectives: a) to evaluate potential future dynamics of E. globulus plantations in Iberia according to different climate change scenarios and possible conflicts with high biodiversity areas (Chapter 1); b) to explore the influence of different factors on the natural establishment of E. globulus (Chapters 2-5); c) to perform a review of the literature investigating the natural establishment of eucalypt species (Chapter 6). In Iberia, under both climatic scenarios, the suitable range of E. globulus plantations is expected to shrink and conflicts with high biodiversity areas may aggravate (Chapter 1). A countrywide survey in Portugal to estimate E. globulus recruitment, using Google Street View, showed that recruitment is mostly influenced by climatic variables (annual precipitation and thermal amplitude) and that Google Street View is a cost-efficient alternative to car surveys (Chapter 2). Field surveys in E. globulus plantations in Central Portugal showed abundant recruitment along plantation edges, influenced by local factors such as soil cover and tree age. Wildlings, mostly adult, are spread up to 76 meters from plantations (Chapter 3). A sowing experiment using E. globulus seeds showed that germination and survival was enhanced after harrowing (Chapter 4). A seed predation experiment revealed that E. globulus seeds are highly attractive but they have escaped in many locations (Chapter 5). The literature review retrieved 37 studies, addressing 61 eucalypt species in seven countries. Key factors influencing eucalypt recruitment include fire, propagule pressure and disturbances (Chapter 6)
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Ndebele, Nontokozo. "South African asset manager perceptions on the integration of climate change risks into equity investment decision-making processes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20120.
Full textQuiroga, Allison. "Carbon Flux and Weathering Processes in Icelandic Glacial-Fed Rivers." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2568.
Full textAjao, Saidat Aderonke. "Decision-making processes of African leaders on climate change : a case study of the succession to the Kyoto-Protocol." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7358/.
Full textSarpong, Eunice Adwoa. "Gender and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Agriculture: Lessons from Farming Communities in Ejisu Municipality, Ghana." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-93720.
Full textMarshall, Jill. "Lithologic, Climatic, and Biotic vs. Abiotic Controls on Erosion and Landscape Evolution." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19291.
Full textTurner, Jennifer 1979. "Investigating the effects of climate change and sea level rise on the coastal processes of the Beaufort Sea, Yukon Territory." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81448.
Full textHaider, Syed Kumail. "Oxygen carrier and reactor development for chemical looping processes and enhanced CO2 recovery." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10014.
Full textShi, Jie. "Integrated modelling of hydrological and hydrodynamic processes, dynamic bacteria decay with climate change and intensive farming in riverine and estuarine water." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/98617/.
Full textCusack, Michael. "Physical and chemical processes affecting atmospheric aerosols in the Western Mediterranean regional background." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129553.
Full textA detailed study of the physical and chemical processes and sources affecting atmospheric aerosols in Montseny in the Western Mediterranean regional background is presented in this work, a region relatively understudied in Europe in this field. Atmospheric aerosols in the context of air pollution is currently an area of study of great interest owing to the health implications of exposure to airborne contaminants and the effects of aerosols on global climate change. A long-term time series of data (2002-2010) of PM2.5 (particulate matter of diameter less than 2.5 µm) and chemical composition is analysed with the aim to identify the trends and fluctuations in concentrations, and the possible causes for such fluctuations are described. Trend analysis of PM2.5 shows a decreasing trend with statistical significance for levels of PM across Europe. This decreasing trend is attributed to the efficacy of pollution abatement strategies, as many components associated with anthropogenic activities undergo a gradual decrease such as sulphate, organic carbon and trace metals. Furthermore, large scale meteorology such as the North Atlantic Oscillation is also identified as an influencing process affecting PM concentrations across Europe. In certain countries the economic recession of recent years has appeared to further compound these decreasing trends in ambient pollutant levels. The emission sources of both PM1 (particulate matter of diameter less than 1 µm) and sub-micrometre particles are identified and the daily and seasonal variations in the emission sources are described. These sources include secondary sulphate, secondary organic aerosol, fuel oil combustion, traffic and biomass burning, industrial and nitrate. New particle formation and growth is identified as an important source of ultrafine particles (particles of diameter less than 100 nm). Many of these sources undergo a distinct daily and weekly variation and seasonal variation associated with anthropogenic activities and meteorology across the region, with elevated concentrations during the warmer months as a result of enhanced photochemistry, elevated concentrations of crustal material associated with soil resuspension and increased Saharan dust intrusions, elevated levels of sulphate and shipping emissions as a result of pronounced sea breezes, and enhanced biogenic emissions. Intense episodes of pollution are described during the colder months as a result of anticyclonic conditions causing air mass stagnation and the accumulation of pollutants across the region. These episodes are especially characterised by elevated concentrations of nitrate. Local meteorology, specifically the action of mountain and sea breezes, are identified as controlling agents for the transport of polluted air masses from urbanised areas to rural areas, and govern the daily variability of atmospheric aerosols. During the colder months, new particle formation is observed to occur in the absence of a polluted atmosphere, provided solar radiation and the necessary gaseous precursors (sulphuric acid, semi-volatile organic vapours) are available. However, during warmer months, new particle formation is observed to be much more frequent owing to the intensified solar radiation and increased concentrations of gaseous precursors from biogenic emissions, even in polluted atmospheres. This scenario has not been described in many publications for non-urban environments. Furthermore, the possibility of particle evaporation is described, suggesting that gas-to-particle transformations (homogenous nucleation) are reversible, and this process is significantly underreported in literature. Evaporation appears to be favoured under warm temperatures, high solar radiation, low relative humidity and atmospheric dilution.
Setegn, Shimelis Gebriye. "Modelling Hydrological and Hydrodynamic Processes in Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12024.
Full textQC 20100720
Gilbert, Genevieve. "Adaptive capacity, adaptation strategies and migration in the Canadian Prairies during the Dirty Thirties: Lessons for drought-migration processes under future climate change." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28162.
Full textBerauer, Bernd Josef [Verfasser], and Anke [Akademischer Betreuer] Jentsch. "Processes altering species richness, primary production and leaf nutritive quality across European grasslands exposed to climate change / Bernd Josef Berauer ; Betreuer: Anke Jentsch." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:703-epub-5781-3.
Full textNettley, Amy Jessica. "Visualising change in the Tamar Valley : participatory processes for generating 3D visual tools to communicate sea-level rise." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15030.
Full textWasserfall, Michiel Nicolaas. "Rain events based hillslope hydrological processes at the Langgewens Experimental Farm, Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80045.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Hillslope hydrology represents a complex system with several interacting processes influencing the movement of water through the landscape. The Western Cape area of South Africa is expected to be impacted on by a change in climate and the importance of water management that will increase in the future. Climate, especially precipitation, is the driving factor behind the hydrological system and there are currently no predictions as to what the impact will be on the hydrological conditions. The main objective of the study is to understand the hydrological responses along a hillslope and secondly to determine the effect of climate change on the hydrology by using hydrological models. The studied system is situated on the Langgewens Experimental Farm, north of Malmesbury in the Swartland region of the Western Cape. Six sites in a range of vegetation, land use and expected soil types along a toposequence were investigated. All sites are rain fed areas with natural vegetation, seasonal or long-term shrubs. Through monitoring different components of the hydrological cycle, including rainfall, overland flow, infiltration, soil water content, base flow and water table depth at the different sites, the movement of water through the landscape can be defined. Hillslope hydrological processes at different positions on the hillslope were investigated. The baseline data obtained during this process was used in hydrological modelling for the different positions on the hillslope to determine the accuracy of model predictions. Expected future climatic conditions were emulated in this model to determine the possible effect of a change in climate on the hydrological system. The research confirmed the complex interaction between different processes within the hydrological system. At each point along the toposequence different components of the hydrological cycle contributed on a different scale to the hydrological system. Soil properties were the most significant factor influencing water movement through the landscape, directly impacting infiltration, overland flow, lateral water flow and deep percolation. This resulted in water table fluctuations through the seasons as the contribution of different components towards the hydrological cycle changed. By comparing soil water content measurements through the season with modelled water content levels, accurate hydrological models were created for different measuring points in the landscape. By using forecasted climate data of two different weather generators, accurate estimations of expected soil water content were possible. This indicated that droughts will occur on a regular basis in the future. This research made it possible to understand water movement through the landscape at hillslope level and contributed towards future water management plans by estimating future soil water content levels based on current predictions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Heuwelhang hidrologie omskryf die proses van water beweging deur die landskap en dit word deur verskeie prosesse beinvloed. Onder huidige toestande word verwag dat die Weskaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika warmer en droëer sal word in die toekoms as gevolg van klimaatsverandering. Dit sal die noodsaaklikheid van effektiewe waterbestuur verhoog in die toekoms. Klimaat, en in besonder reënval, is die dryfkrag agter die hidrologiese sisteem en huidiglik is daar geen aanduiding van wat die effek van klimaatsverandering op die hidrologiese sisteem gaan wees nie. Die eerste doel van die studie is om die heuwelhang se hidrologiese sisteem te ontleed en tweedens om die impak van klimaatsverandering op die hidrologiese sisteem te bepaal deur gebruik te maak van hidrologiese modelle. Die studie area is geleë op die Langgewens Proefplaas, noord van Malmesbury in die Swartland distrik van die Weskaap. Ses verskillende posisies is op die heuwelhang geselekteer op grond van posisie in die landskap, plantegroei, landgebruik en verwagte grondvorms. Al die studiepunte ontvang slegs water deur reën en die landgebruik wissel ten opsigte van natuurlike plantegroei, en eenjarige- of meerjarige gewasse wat gevestig is. Deur verskillende komponente van die hidrologiese sisteem te monitor, insluitend reënval, oppervlak afloop, infiltrasie, grond water inhoud, laterale water vloei en die diepte van die watertafel, kan die beweging van water deur die landskap gedefinieër word. Die data wat versamel is gedurende die proses word gebruik om die akkuraatheid van die hidrologiese modelle se resultate te bepaal. Tesame met vooruitgeskatte klimaatdata kan die modelle gebruik word om die impak van klimaatsverandering op grondwater toestande vas te stel. Die navorsing toon die komplekse interaksie tussen verskillende prosesse in die hidrologiese sisteem. By elke punt in die landskap dra verskillende komponente op verskillende skale by tot die hidrologiese sisteem. Grondeienskappe het die meeste invloed op die verskillende komponente van die hidrologiese sisteem en beïnvloed die infiltrasie, oppervlak afloop, laterale water vloei en diep dreinering. Soos die verskillende komponente se bydrae tot die hidrologiese sisteem verander, vind daar fluktuasies in die diepte van die water tafel plaas. Deur die vergelyking van gemete grondwaterinhoud teen hidrologiese model voorspelde grondwaterinhoude, is akkurate hidrologiese modelle opgestel vir verskillende punte in die landskap. Deur gebruik te maak van twee moontlike verwagte klimaat toestande, is gevind dat droogtes op ‘n roetine basis in die toekoms sal voorkom. Die navorsing maak dit moontlik om die beweging van water deur die landskap te verstaan en dra by tot die opstelling van toekomstige waterbestuur planne. Dit word moontlik gemaak deur die vooruitskatting van grondwater inhoude gebasseer op verwagte klimaatsveranderinge en huidige grondwater toestande.
Water Research Commission
Siriwardana, Chandawimal H. "CHARACTERIZATION OF PALEOCLIMATE AND MARINE PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH HOLOCENE SEDIMENTATION ON THE CHUKCHI MARGIN, ARCTIC OCEAN." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1406718279.
Full textOliveira, Diamantino Figueiredo Rodrigues de. "O risco de inundação urbana nas frentes de água de deltas e estuários em cenários de alterações climáticas. A frente ribeirinha de Lisboa." Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6118.
Full textThe present climate changes constitute one of the main threats to delta and estuary cities. The rise of the mean sea level and the increase of the intensity and frequency of the precipitation extremes are presently raising the flood risk of these territories, jeopardizing their maintenance and future development. The present work focuses on how these climate change processes can raise the risk of the urban drainage flooding events at the cities waterfronts. The relevance of the problem is reinforced by the present incapacity of the urban drainage systems to follow the needed adaptation, forcing the delta and estuary cities to rethink the management of their storm water outflow. Under this view, the main drainage adaptation strategies and measures are analysed, namely in urban planning and design, and on the benefits of the integration of natural processes. To contextualize the addressed problem, the possible drainage flood impacts over the Lisbon riverfront are analysed. The influence of the climate change processes over the current drainage system and the flood risk of this area are shown, demonstrating the need for integration of the drainage problem in the future urban planning.
Zaragoza, Martín Francisco Javier. "Development and fluid dynamic evaluation of novel circulating fluidised bed elements for low-temperature adsorption based carbon capture processes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25482.
Full textDriscoll, Jessica Margit. "Impacts of Climate Change in Snowmelt-Dominated Alpine Catchments: Development and Assessment of Comparative Methods to Quantify the Role of Dynamic Storage and Subsurface Hydrologic Processes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560860.
Full textMenke, Valerie [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmiedl. "Impacts of short-term climate change and anthropogenic activity on marine ecosystem variability and biogeochemical processes in the Gulf of Taranto (central Mediterranean Sea) / Valerie Menke ; Betreuer: Gerhard Schmiedl." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156462053/34.
Full textGrimm-Seyfarth, Annegret [Verfasser], Florian [Akademischer Betreuer] Jeltsch, and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Henle. "Effects of climate change on a reptile community in arid Australia : exploring mechanisms and processes in a hot, dry, and mysterious ecosystem / Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth ; Florian Jeltsch, Klaus Henle." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1218403748/34.
Full textBaca, Kira J. "Environmental Impacts on the Development and Dune Activity of Oxbow Lake along the Southwest Coast of Lake Michigan at Saugatuck, Michigan USA." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365161018.
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