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Hirano, F., R. B. M. Landewé, F. A. Van Gaalen, D. Van der Heijde, C. Gaujoux-Viala, and S. Ramiro. "OP0077 DETERMINANTS OF THE PHYSICIAN’S GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND INFLUENCE OF CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IN EARLY AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 52.2–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.843.
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Background:In RMDs, the physician’s global assessment (PhGA) is a major factor of treatment decision. It is not well-known which disease manifestations contribute to PhGA in early axSpA and if contextual factors have an impact.Objectives:To investigate determinants of PhGA and the influence of contextual factors on this relationship in patients with early axSpA.Methods:Five-year data from DESIR, a cohort of early axSpA, were analysed. Clinical data were collected every 6 months up to 2 years and annually thereafter. The primary analysis included all patients, and the subgroup analysis patients with follow-up MRI at 2 and/or 5 years. PhGA over 5 years was the outcome of interest. Univariable generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to investigate relationships between potential determinants and PhGA. Longitudinal relationships were investigated in autoregressive models. Effect modification by contextual factors (educational level, gender and age) was tested and, if significant, models were stratified. Univariable analyses were chosen to better assess the contributory explanatory effects of each of the determinants in each of the strata.Results:A total of 708 patients were included, mean age 33.7 (SD 8.6) years, 46% male, 41% lower educated. The subgroup consisted of 220 patients with similar characteristics. Higher BASDAI questions 1-6, SJC28, TJC53, Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES), CRP and BASMI were associated with a higher PhGA (Table 1). Gender and age were effect modifiers of SJC28; the effect was largest in the younger male stratum (β [95% CI]; 1.07 [0.71, 1.43]), and smallest in the older female stratum (0.13 [0.04, 0.22]) (Figure 1). Autoregressive GEE models revealed the same determinants of PhGA and the same pattern of effect modification by gender and age.Table 1.Factors associated with PhGA over time in gender/age-stratified groups in univariable analysisFemale/Older(n=200)Female/Younger(n=181)Male/Older(n=154)Male/Younger(n=173)Coefficient (95% CI)BASDAI Q1 (fatigue, 0-10)0.39 (0.34, 0.44)0.39 (0.34, 0.44)0.41 (0.35, 0.46)0.46 (0.41, 0.51)BASDAI Q2 (back pain, 0-10)0.49 (0.45, 0.54)0.53 (0.49, 0.57)0.48 (0.43, 0.53)0.58 (0.54, 0.63)BASDAI Q3 (peripheral joint pain, 0-10)0.31 (0.27, 0.36)0.36 (0.31, 0.41)0.32 (0.27, 0.37)0.43 (0.37, 0.48)BASDAI Q4 (enthesitis, 0-10)0.37 (0.33, 0.41)0.42 (0.37, 0.46)0.36 (0.31, 0.41)0.52 (0.47, 0.56)BASDAI Q5 (severity of morning stiffness, 0-10)0.42 (0.37, 0.46)0.45 (0.40, 0.49)0.44 (0.40, 0.49)0.58 (0.54, 0.63)BASDAI Q6 (duration of morning stiffness, 0-10)0.30 (0.25, 0.35)0.35 (0.30, 0.39)0.36 (0.31, 0.41)0.50 (0.45, 0.56)BASMI linear (0-10)0.61 (0.45, 0.78)0.67 (0.48, 0.86)0.49 (0.30, 0.68)0.95 (0.75, 1.15)SJC28 (0-28)0.13 (0.04, 0.22)0.52 (0.31, 0.73)0.58 (0.40, 0.76)1.07 (0.71, 1.43)TJC53 (0-159) ¶0.05 (0.04, 0.06)0.13 (0.11, 0.16)0.13 (0.11, 0.16)0.15 (0.13, 0.18)MASES (0-39)0.10 (0.08, 0.12)0.15 (0.12, 0.17)0.18 (0.14, 0.23)0.30 (0.25, 0.35)CRP (mg/L)0.02 (0.01, 0.04)0.03 (0.01, 0.05)0.06 (0.04, 0.07)0.04 (0.03, 0.05)Any EAM (presence vs absence)-0.13 (-0.49, 0.23)-0.20 (-0.58, 0.19)-0.26 (-0.68, 0.17)-0.28 (-0.69, 0.14)SPARCC-spine (0-414) §0.06 (-0.11, 0.22)0.05 (-0.11, 0.20)0.02 (-0.03, 0.06)0.05 (-0.04, 0.14)SPARCC-SIJ (0-72) §-0.02 (-0.13, 0.09)0.01 (-0.08, 0.10)0.05 (-0.01, 0.11)0.01 (-0.04, 0.06)¶ Each joint graded 0-3§ Coefficients were estimated in the subgroupConclusion:Patient’s subjective symptoms, peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, higher CRP and impaired spinal mobility contribute to explain PhGA in patients with early axSpA irrespective of gender and age. But physicians consider the presence of swollen joints as more important in males than in females.Disclosure of Interests:Fumio Hirano Paid instructor for: Ono pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma Inc, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Robert B.M. Landewé Consultant of: AbbVie; AstraZeneca; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly & Co.; Galapagos NV; Novartis; Pfizer; UCB Pharma, Floris A. van Gaalen: None declared, Désirée van der Heijde Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cyxone, Daiichi, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB Pharma; Director of Imaging Rheumatology BV, Cecile Gaujoux-Viala: None declared, Sofia Ramiro Grant/research support from: MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Speakers bureau: Lilly, MSD, Novartis
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Debnath, Sumon, Gulshan Ara Latifa, Mohajira Begum, and Md Abu Obaida. "Evaluation of nutritional values of smoke cured riverine and marine hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha; Hamilton, 1882)." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 46, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v46i2.39051.
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Present study was conducted to evaluate nutritional values of smoked hilsa fish (Tenualosa ilisha; Hamilton, 1882) in relation to its raw condition. Smoking is one of the processes of fish preservation from ancient period of our country. The nutrients values of the hilsa from two different regions were significantly (p < 0.05) varied. The nutritional values were different before and after processing of hilsa. Riverine hilsa contains relatively more moisture (56.45 ± 0.51%) and protein (15.98 ± 0.50%) than marine hilsa. Fat (16.18 ± 0.45%) and salt (1.92 ± 0.18%) contents are higher in marine hilsa; whereas ash (8.34 ± 0.35%) content was higher in riverine hilsa. Minerals like iron (4.72 ± 0.08 mg/100 g) and calcium (481.77 ± 6.20 mg/100g) remain in large amount on marine hilsa but phosphorus (115.73 ± 4.36 mg/100 g) content remain high level in riverine hilsa. In addition, the protein (raw condition, 19.54 ± 0.47%, riverine; 17.12 ± 0.42%, marine and smoked condition, 29.64 ± 0.41%, riverine; 28.51 ± 0.51%, marine) and fat (raw condition, 16.41 ± 0.46%, riverine; 20.07 ± 0.39%, marine and smoked condition, 20.71 ± 0.47%, riverine; 23.31 ± 0.47%, marine) content were higher in abdominal region of riverine and marine hilsa both raw and smoked condition than head region (protein in raw condition, 11.21 ± 0.51%, riverine; 10.51 ± 0.53%, marine and smoked condition, 17.14 ± 0.42%, riverine; 15.69 ± 0.4%, marine; fat in raw condition, 9.04 ± 0.45%, riverine; 11.21 ± 0.51%, marine and smoked condition, 12.32 ± 0.44%, riverine; 14.56 ± 0.47%, marine) and caudal region (protein in raw condition17.21 ± 0.52%, riverine; 15.22 ± 0.66%, marine and smoked condition, 27.68 ± 0.44%, riverine; 26.73 ± 0.46%, marine; fat in raw condition, 14.05 ± 0.5%, riverine; 17.28 ± 0.47%, marine and smoked condition, 17.35 ± 0.43%, riverine; 19.18 ± 0.51%, marine).
Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(2): 177-184, 2018
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Min, Chan-Yang, Jung-Woo Lee, Bong-Cheol Kwon, Mi-Jung Kwon, Ji-Hee Kim, Joo-Hee Kim, Woo-Jin Bang, and Hyo-Geun Choi. "Physical Activity Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Osteoporosis: A Longitudinal Study." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030491.
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The purpose of our study was to examine the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures (fxs) according to the level of physical activity (PA) among osteoporosis using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) customized database. From NHIS data from 2009 to 2017, osteoporosis was selected as requested. PA was classified into ‘high PA’ (n = 58,620), ‘moderate PA’ (n = 58,620), and ‘low PA’ (n = 58,620) and were matched in a 1:1:1 ratio by gender, age, income within the household unit, and region of residence. A stratified Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for each type of fx comparing PA groups. The ‘low PA’ group was the reference group. For vertebral fx, the adjusted HR (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) was 0.27 (0.26–0.28) for the ‘high PA’ group and 0.43 (0.42–0.44) for the ‘moderate PA’ group. For hip fx, the adjusted HR (95% CIs) was 0.37 (0.34–0.40) for the ‘high PA’ group and 0.51 (0.47–0.55) for the ‘moderate PA’ group. For distal radius fx, the adjusted HR (95% CIs) was 0.32 (0.30–0.33) for the ‘high PA’ group and 0.46 (0.45–0.48) for the ‘moderate PA’ group. The results of this study suggest that a higher intensity of PA is associated with a lower risk of osteoporotic fxs, including vertebral fx, hip fx, and distal radius fx.
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Bianchi, Paola, Elisa Fermo, Fulvio Mozzi, Maurizio Marconi, and Alberto Zanella. "Presence of JAK2 V617F Mutation in Peripheral Blood of Blood Donors with Upper-Limit Hematocrit and Platelet Values." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2533.2533.
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Abstract The somatic mutation V617F of JAK2 gene has been identified as a pathogenic factor in typical chronic myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs), in particular polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Recently, two studies showed the presence of this mutation also in 37/3935 subjects with non haematological diseases (Xu et al, 2006) and 5/52 healthy donors (Sidon et al, 2006), suggesting that V617F mutation may occur in the absence of MPD phenotype and that probably is not sufficient per se to induce MPDs. The aim of this study was to search for the presence of JAK2 V617F mutation in healthy blood donors with confirmed upper-limit Hct and/or Plts values. Actually, previous studies indicated that some subjects with upper-limit Hct levels have early stages of polycythemia vera (Zanella et al, 1987). We studied 177 consecutive repeat blood donors (92 M, 85 F; median age 45 years, range 19–66) displaying Hct and/or Plts values higher than the 75° percentile of the normal reference distribution (Hct > 0.47 for M and > 0.42 for F; Plts > 300×109/L), confirmed on at least two different occasions in the last 12 months. All subjects had been accepted for blood donation on the basis of negative clinical history and normal results on both physical examination and routine laboratory testing. 83 of them (55 M and 28 F) had upper-limit Hct levels (median 0.48, range 0.47-0.51 for M; 0.43, range 0.42-0.47 for F); 85 had Plts > 300×109/L (median 338×109/L, range 300–454), and 9 donors had both upper-limit Hct and Plts. DNA was extracted from whole blood; all samples were analyzed by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) according to Baxter et al (2005), and by fluorescent allele specific PCR (McClure et al, 2006) on ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer. Ten subjects were found to be positive for V617F mutation by fluorescent PCR, showing a positive signal when compared to a positive control corresponding to 2% of V617F mutated allele. Six of them showed a positive band also on agarose gel when analyzed with allele specific PCR. The presence of mutation was confirmed by enzymatic digestion with BsaXI. Hematological data of mutated subject are reported in the table. No statistically significant differences of hematological parameters were present between V617F positive and negative subjects. In conclusion, the presence of a V617F positive clone (albeit in a small amount), was found in 4% (3 F and 1 M) donors with upper-limit Hct and in 6% (2 F, 4 M) donors with Plts > 300×109/L. The follow up of these subjects will ascertain whether V617F mutation is a prelude to a myeloproliferative disease. Sex Age (years) Hb (g/dl) Hct Plts (×109/L) WBC (x109/L) Upper-limit Hct 1 F 66 15.1 0.45 202 4.85 2 F 51 14.4 0.43 235 6.40 3 F 64 15.7 0.45 198 7.75 4 M 58 15.9 0.48 220 7.30 Plts > 300×109/L 5 F 53 13.7 0.40 360 6.97 6 F 63 13.5 0.40 301 9.2 7 M 47 15.2 0.45 334 8.64 8 M 47 13.8 0.41 316 6.35 9 M 19 15.2 0.44 321 8 10 M 37 16.1 0.45 379 7.9
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Valencia, Oscar, Oscar Araneda, Marcela Cárcamo, Felipe Carpes, and Rodrigo Guzmán-Venegas. "Relationship between lower limb anthropometry and temporo-spatial parameters in gait of young adults (Relación entre la antropometría de miembro inferior y los parámetros temporo-espaciales en la marcha de adultos jóvenes)." Retos, no. 33 (October 9, 2017): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.58136.
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Temporo-spatial parameters (TSP) are commonly used to characterize human gait. These help to differentiate population groups in different conditions of gait, but can be influenced by lower limb anthropometry. Different strategies are assumed to normalize TSP and permit comparison among people. However, it is not clear how dimensions of the different lower limb segments influence gait TSP. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between gait TSP and length of the thigh, leg and foot in young adults. The body segments lengths were adjusted for individual height and correlated with gait TSP. We found a correlation between foot length and step width (r = 0.44). When data were adjusted for gender, step time, stride time, cadence and gait speed correlated with foot length in men (r = 0.51, 0.49, -0.49 and -0.43, respectively). Among women, these same TSP correlated only with thigh length (r = 0.43, 0.46, -0.47 and -0.37, respectively). Step and stride length correlated with leg (r = 0.46 and 0.48) and thigh length (r = 0.44 and 0.44) only in men. In conclusion, anthropometric parameters influence TSP differentially for men and women. These data should be considered when studying population groups including people from both genders.Resumen. Los parámetros temporo-espaciales (PTE) son comúnmente usados para caracterizar la marcha humana. Estos ayudan a diferenciar grupos de poblaciones en diferentes condiciones de marcha, pero pueden ser influenciados por la antropometría de miembro inferior. Diferentes estrategias asumen la normalización de PTE y permiten comparar entre personas. Sin embargo, no está claro como las dimensiones de los diferentes segmentos de miembro inferior influyen los PTE en la marcha. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la relación entre los PTE de la marcha y la longitud del muslo, pierna y pie en adultos jóvenes. Las longitudes de los segmentos corporales fueron ajustadas por la altura de cada persona y correlacionadas con los PTE de la marcha. Se encontró una correlación entre la longitud del pie y el ancho del paso (r= 0.44). Cuando los datos fueron ajustados por género, el tiempo del paso, tiempo de la zancada, cadencia y velocidad de la marcha correlacionaron con la longitud del pie en hombres (r = 0.51, 0.49, -0.49 and -0.43, respectivamente). Entre las mujeres, estos mismos PTE solo correlacionaron con la longitud del muslo (r = 0.43, 0.46, -0.47 and -0.37, respectivamente). La longitud del paso y la zancada correlacionaron con la longitud de la pierna (r = 0.46 and 0.48) y el muslo (r = 0.44 and 0.44) solo en hombres. En conclusión, los parámetros antropométricos influyen de forma diferente los PTE para hombre y mujeres. Estos datos podrían ser considerados cuando se estudian grupos de poblaciones incluyendo personas de ambos géneros.
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Gil, Lidia, Anna Czyz, Krzysztof Sawinski, Maria Kozlowska-Skrzypczak, Mieczyslaw Komarnicki, Stefan Grajek, Maciej Lesiak, et al. "Bone Marrow Stem Cells Infusion in Treatment of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1682.1682.
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Abstract Experimental and clinical data show that bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) can contribute to myocardial regeneration after ischemic injury. We present results of intracoronary infusion of autologous BMSCs in treatment of patients (pts) with acute myocardial infarction (MI). 36 pts with first, anterior wall MI, successfully treated with percutaneous coronary angioplasty were enrolled into the study. 24 pts, aged 50.1±9.05 yrs received intracoronary BMSC infusion 4 to 7 days after MI. Control group consisted of 12 pts, aged 51.6±8.7 yrs. In BMSC group BM in total volume 80 (50–150) ml was collected from iliac crest to buffered saline with heparine. After isolation and 18–24 hrs cultivation BMSCs were resuspended in autologous plasma in final volume 12.25±2.05 ml. The mean number of MNC, CD34+, CD133+/CD45+ and CD133+/CD45− cells were respectively: 0.41±0.18x10e9, 3.89±1.45x10e6, 0.96±0.6x10e6, 0.15±0.1x10e6. Transplanted material was divided into 3–5 portion and injected directly to infarcted area (Strauer method). Left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography (contactility index, CI), Tc-99 MIBI SPECT (perfusion index, PI) at rest (R) and with dipiridamol (D) and radionuclide ventriculography (ejection fraction, EF) at baseline and after 3, 6, 12 months (mo). CI and PI were assessed in left ventricle and infarct related artery (IRA) area. Control coronary angiography was performed after 6 mo. No adverse effects of BM aspiration in early MI were observed. One pts revealed chills and fever and 1 acute pulmonary oedema after cell infusion. Control angiography revealed restenosis in 3 pts from BMSC and 2 from control group. Results of cardiac test are presented in table. Conclusions: Intracoronary autologous BMNCs transplantation is safe and feasible. Improvement of left ventricular function was observed in BMSC group, mainly concerning perfusion. No accelerated atherosclerosis was seen after intracoronary BMSC administration. Results of cardiac tests BMSC group Control group p CI/CI-IRA 7 day 1.62±0.19/2.3±0.36 1.6±0.24/2.21±0.41 ns CI/CI-IRA 3 mo 1.55±0.2/2.12±0.4 1.65±0.3/2.34±0.64 ns CI/CI-IRA 6 mo 1.5±0.2/2.16±0.37 1.7±0.29/2.46±0.51 0.02 CI/CI-IRA 12 mo 1.55±0.2/2.24±0.44 1.72±0.33/2.48±0.51 ns Pi/PI-IRA-R 10 day 2.45±0.63/2.96±0.88 2.45±0.53/3.04±0.74 ns PI/PI-IRA-R 3 mo 2.25±0.37/2.79±0.61 2.36±0.44/2.88±0.61 ns PI/PI-IRA-R 6 mo 2.19±0.43/2.68±0.67 2.43±0.32/3.02±0.45 0.07 PI/PI-IRA-R 12 mo 2.11±0.33/2.63±0.46 2.36±0.31/2.98±0.46 ns PI/PI-IRA-D 10 day 2.45±0.63/2.96±0.88 2.45±0.53/3.04±0.74 ns PI/PI-IRA-D 3 mo 2.3±0.42/2.87±0.67 2.43±0.4/2.93±0.44 ns PI/PI-IRA-D 6 mo 2.2±0.44/2.58±0.83 2.48±0.43/3.12±0.48 0.06 PI/PI-IRA-D 12 mo 2.16±0.43/2.59±0.6 2.57±0.44/3.35±0.42 0.009 EF 4 day 45.0±7.9 41.6±6.6 ns EF 6 mo 48.2±9.2 42.1±11.4 0.07 EF 12 mo 48.5±4.9 38.9±7.7 0.002
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Su-angka, N., A. Khositseth, S. Vilaiyuk, K. Tangnararatchakit, and W. Prangwatanagul. "Carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus." Lupus 26, no. 9 (February 22, 2017): 989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203317692434.
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Objectives The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid arterial stiffness index (CASI) act as the surrogate markers of atherosclerosis. We aim to assess CIMT and CASI in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Patients ≤ 20 years old fulfilling diagnostic criteria for SLE were enrolled. Patients with active smoking, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, arterial thrombosis, family history of hypercholesterolemia, chronic liver disease, or other chronic severe diseases were excluded. The patients were categorized into four groups: active SLE, age- and sex-matched control (control A), inactive SLE, and age- and sex-matched control (control I), according to the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). All subjects underwent ultrasound of carotid arteries to evaluate CIMT and CASI. Results One hundred and two SLE patients (26 active and 76 inactive) and one hundred and three healthy controls (26 control A and 77 control I) were enrolled. The median CIMT in all groups were not significantly different (0.43, 0.41–0.44; 0.43, 0.41–0.44; 0.42, 0.41–0.43; and 0.42, 0.41–0.43 mm, respectively).The CASI in active SLE (13.5, 11.4–17.3) was significantly higher than in control A (8.2, 7.2–9.2) ( p < 0.0001), whereas CASI in inactive SLE (12.7, 10.9–15.7) was significantly higher than in control I (8.9, 7.6–9.8). However, the CASI in active and inactive SLE was not significantly different. Conclusions The higher CASI in active and inactive pediatric SLE, implying functional change of carotid arteries, may be early evidence of increased atherosclerosis in pediatric SLE. This functional dysfunction has been found both in inactive and active SLE.
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Minick, J. A., M. E. Dikeman, E. J. Pollak, and D. E. Wilson. "Heritability and correlation estimates of Warner-Bratzler shear force and carcass traits from Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, and Simmental-sired cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-060.
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Heritabilities and correlations of Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), marbling score (MS), hot carcass weight (HCW),12–13th rib-fat (FAT), and ribeye area (REA) were calculated from 3360 Angus-, Charolais-, Hereford-, and Simmental-sired cattle in the C attleman’s Beef Board Carcass Merit Project. The heritabilities (± SE) for WBSF, MS, HCW, FAT, and REA were 0.34 ± 0.25, 0.43 ± 0.28, 0.73 ± 0.35, 0.16 ± 0.19, and 0.56 ± 0.31 in Angus; 0.43 ± 0.22, 0.30 ± 0.18, 0.21 ± 0.16, 0.35 ± 0.20, and 0.23 ± 0.16 in Charolais; 0.12 ± 0.11, 0.55 ± 0.22, 0.20 ± 0.14, 0.25 ± 0.15 and 0.34 ± 0.17 in Hereford; and 0.16 ± 0.14, 0.44 ± 0.20, 0.45 ± 0.20, 0.23 ± 0.16, and 0.30 ± 0.18 in Simmental. The genetic correlations, averaged across analysis type, for WBSF-MS, WBSF-HCW, WBSF-FAT, WBSF-REA, MS-HCW, MS-FAT, MS-REA, HCW-FAT, HCW-REA, and FAT-REA were -0.17, 0.32, -0.23, 0.30, 0.10, -0.17, 0.39, -0.15, 0.68, and -0.86 in Angus; -0.42, 0.77, 0.52, -0.05, -0.44, -0.22, -0.19, 0.66, -0.05, and -0.24 in Charolais; -0.43, -0.04, -0.33, 0.09, 0.08, 0.79, -0.14, -0.26, 0.50, and -0.38 in Hereford; and 0.55, 0.08, 0.62, -0.08, 0.30, 0.61, -0.14, 0.06, 0.65, and -0.48 in Simmental. Key words: Beef cattle, genetic parameters, carcass quality, tenderness
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Byun, Seong-Eun, Oog-Jin Shon, Jae-Ang Sim, Yong-Bum Joo, Ji-Wan Kim, Young-Gon Na, and Wonchul Choi. "Application of Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Improved the Interrater Reliability of the AO/OTA Classification Decision in a Patellar Fracture." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 3256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10153256.
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We investigated whether interrater reliabilities of the AO/OTA classification of patellar fracture change with the imaging modalities applied, including plain radiography and two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) computed tomography (CT). Seven orthopedic specialists and four orthopedic residents completed a survey of 50 patellar fractures to classify the fractures according to the AO/OTA classification for patellar fractures. Initially, the survey was conducted using plain radiography only, then with 2-D CT introduced three weeks later and 3-D CT introduced six weeks later. Fleiss’ Kappa coefficients were calculated to determine interrater reliability. The overall interrater reliability of the AO/OTA classifications was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.38–0.42) with plain radiography only and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.41–0.45) with the addition of 2-D CT. With the addition of 3-D CT, the reliability was significantly improved to 0.54 (95% CI, 0.52–0.56). In specialists, interrater reliability of the classifications was moderate with all three imaging modalities. With the use of 3-D CT, interrater reliability of the classification was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.50–0.56), which was significantly higher than that with the use of 2-D CT (κ = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.42–0.48). In residents, interrater reliability of the classification was 0.30 (95% CI, 0.24–0.36) with plain radiography. The reliability improved to 0.49 (95% CI, 0.43–0.56) with the addition of 2-D CT, which was significantly higher than that with plain radiography only. The use of 3-D CT imaging improved interrater reliability of the classification. Therefore, surgeons, especially residents, may benefit from using 3-D CT imaging for classifying and planning the treatment of patellar fractures.
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Niu, Emily, Matthew D. Milewski, Craig J. Finlayson, Zachary S. Stinson, Elaine Joughin, Jeffrey J. Nepple, Gregory A. Schmale, and Jennifer J. Beck. "Reliability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Interpretation of Lateral Discoid Meniscus: A Multicenter Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 5_suppl2 (May 1, 2022): 2325967121S0048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00488.
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Background: Lateral discoid meniscus (LDM) often present with complex morphology that can be challenging to assess and treat arthroscopically. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used for diagnosis and surgical planning, however it is not known whether surgeons are reliable and consistent in their interpretation of MRI findings. Hypothesis/Purpose: We hypothesize that surgeons experienced in treating LDM are able to reliably interpret discoid pathology using MRI, with the exception of evaluating dynamic factors (i.e. instability). Methods: Forty five discoid meniscus MRI selected from a pool of surgical discoid meniscus cases were included in this review. Five reviewers (experienced pediatric sports medicine surgeons) who were not involved in the MRI selection process performed independent review of each MRI to determine discoid meniscus classification. More than 4 weeks later, a second reading was performed by 3 of the 5 reviewers. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the primary (width, presence of instability or tear) and secondary (location of instability or tear, tear type) rating factors was assessed using the Fleiss κ coefficient, designed for multiple readers with nominal variables (reliability: fair, 0.21–0.40; moderate, 0.41–0.60; substantial, 0.61–0.80; excellent, 0.81–1.00). Reliability is reported as κ (95% CI). Results: Interobserver reliability of assessment of meniscal width was substantial 0.67 (0.58-0.76), and intraobserver was moderate 0.52 (0.35-0.69). Assessment of presence of peripheral instability had moderate interobserver reliability 0.54 (0.45-0.63) and substantial intraobserver 0.61 (0.44-0.78). Presence of tear had fair interobserver reliability 0.39 (0.29–0.48) and substantial intraobserver 0.68 (0.51-0.85). When identifying location of instability or tear, interobserver reliability was moderate while intraobserver agreement was substantial for assessment of anterior instability (0.47 (0.37-0.56) and 0.68 (0.51-0.85), respectively); posterior instability (0.56 (0.47-0.65) and 0.62 (0.45-0.79), respectively); and posterior tear (0.41 (0.32-0.50) and 0.69 (0.52-0.86), respectively). The exception was identifying anterior tear, with fair interobserver reliability 0.33 (0.23-0.42) and moderate intraobserver 0.56 (0.39-0.73); Interobserver reliability was fair for tear type 0.34 (0.28-0.41) and intraobserver reliability moderate 0.55 (0.43-0.67). Conclusion: Orthopaedic surgeons experienced in the treatment of LDM vary from each other in their classification using MRI, especially with regard to assessment of meniscus tears. MRI evaluation may be helpful to diagnose discoid by width and identify presence of instability, two major factors in the decision to proceed with surgery. However, definitive treatment should be guided by a comprehensive arthroscopic evaluation.
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Bando, Hiroshi. "Current Perspectives for Oral Hypoglycemic Agents with Clinical Evidence of Larger Studies." Diabetes Research – Open Journal 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): e1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/droj-7-e016.
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Current reports for oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) are described. As to the association of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and bullous pemphigoid (BP), odds ratio (OR) was vildagliptin 5.08, linagliptin 2.87, sitagliptin 1.29 (not significant). Regarding the comparative study between SGLT2i and DPP-4i, SGLT2i group showed lower hazard ratio (HR) as MACE 0.76, myocardial infarction 0.82, cardiovascular death 0.60, heart failure 0.43, all-cause mortality 0.60. Semaglutide showed reduced OR for cardiovascular death than exenatide 0.47, dulaglutide 0.46, albiglutide 0.45, lixisenatide 0.43. SGLT2i showed reduction risk of HR for MACE 0.90, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF)/cardiovascular death 0.78, renal outcomes 0.62.
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Reis, Andrea Plotzki, Rodrigo Fagundes da Costa, Fabyano Fonseca e. Silva, Fernando Flores Cardoso, and Matthew L. Spangler. "61 The impact of selective phenotyping and genotyping over generations in beef cattle." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.068.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate selective phenotyping to maintain adequate prediction accuracy. A simulation was conducted, with 10 replicates, using QMSim to mimic the structure and size of a Braford population. A population with 50 generations, 500 animals per generation, was created with phenotyping and genotyping beginning in generation 11. The scenarios investigated were: 1) Randomly phenotype and genotype 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of individuals each generation and; 2) Randomly phenotype and genotype 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of individuals in every-other generation. Estimated breeding values (EBV) were obtained using single-step GBLUP and accuracy was determined as the correlation between true BV from simulation and those estimated from the blupf90 family of programs. For scenarios where phenotyping and genotyping occurred every generation, EBV accuracies in generation 11 and 50 ranged from 0.32 to 0.32, 0.42 to 0.43, 0.49 to 0.51, 0.53 to 0.56 and 0.57 to 0.59 when 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of animals were chosen, respectively. The highest accuracies were 0.40 and 0.50 in generation 38 for scenarios 10 and 25%; 0.56, 0.61 and 0.64 in generation 40 for scenarios 50, 75 and 100%, respectively. When animals were selected every-other generation, EBV accuracy in generation 11 and 50 ranged from 0.24 to 0.26, 0.36 to 0.36, 0.43 to 0.42, 0.48 to 0.44 and 0.53 to 0.48 for 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of selected animals, respectively. The highest accuracies were in generation 23 for scenario 10% (0.31), in generation 37 for scenarios 25 (0.43), 50 (0.50) and 75% (0.55) and in generation 39 for 100% (0.59). Although increasing the density of phenotyped and genotyped animals increased prediction accuracy, some gains were marginal. These differences in accuracy must be contemplated in an economic framework to determine the cost-benefit of additional information.
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Zhang, Yi, and Xianjin Yang. "Prognostic Significance of Pretreatment Apolipoprotein A-I as a Noninvasive Biomarker in Cancer Survivors: A Meta-Analysis." Disease Markers 2018 (October 30, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1034037.
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Background. Numerous studies have reported the prognostic significance of serum apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in various cancers, but the results have been inconsistent. The current meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between ApoA-I level and prognosis in human malignancies. Methods. A literature search was performed using the electronic platforms of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases to obtain eligible articles published up to May 20, 2018. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the prognostic values of the ApoA-I level in cancers using STATA 12.0 software. Results. A total of 14 studies involving 9295 patients were included. The results indicated that low ApoA-I level was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.44–0.61). Significant relationships between the ApoA-I level and OS were specifically detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC, HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54–0.73), colorectal cancer (CRC, HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.19–0.76), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.27–0.65). The subgroup analyses for OS also further confirmed the prognostic significance of the ApoA-I level in cancers. Moreover, lower Apo A-I was associated with unfavorable cancer-specific survival (CSS, HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.19–0.76) in cancers, and low ApoA-I level was clearly associated with inferior total time to recurrence (TTR, HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.29–0.58) in HCC, poorer locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.42–0.74 for LRFS; HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.41–0.89 for DMFS) in NPC, and shorter disease-free survival (DFS, HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.84) in cancers. Conclusions. Low ApoA-I level might be an unfavorable prognostic factor in multiple malignancies, and serum ApoA-I could serve as a noninvasive marker to predict cancer prognosis.
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Lewis, Aaron, Rebecca A. Nelson, and Lily L. Lai. "Resection of primary tumor in patients who present with stage IV colon cancer may result in improved survival." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2015): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.726.
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726 Background: Resection of the primary cancer in patients with metastatic disease has been shown to result in improved survival in cancers such as renal cell carcinoma. Currently, the impact primary tumor resection has on survival in stage IV colon cancer patients is unknown. Methods: The SEER dataset was queried for patients who presented with histologically confirmed, stage IV colon cancer from 1998-2011. We excluded patients with rectal cancer, multiple primary tumors, age <18 or >90 years, diagnosis upon autopsy/death record, mortality within 30 days of diagnosis, or resection of other tumor sites (regional or distant). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess demographic and clinical factors predictive of disease specific and overall survival. To limit group differences, a 1:1 matched analysis was also performed on patients who underwent primary resection compared to patients who did not. Results: A total of 28,068 stage IV colon cancer patients were evaluated, of which 70.3% underwent resection. Among the variables studied, multivariate models showed that patients who underwent primary tumor resection were at lower risk of disease-specific and overall mortality, with hazard ratios (HR) of 0.44 (0.43-0.46) and 0.45 (0.43-0.47), respectively. In the matched analysis (n=5,410 in each group), patients who underwent resection of the primary tumor remained at decreased risk of disease-specific and overall mortality, HR 0.48 (0.45-0.52) and 0.49 (0.46-0.53), respectively. The median survival and 3-year survival after matching was 17 and 9 months and 23% and 6% in the resection and nonresection groups, respectively, p<0.0001. Conclusions: The majority (70.3%) of patients in the United States with stage IV colon cancer undergo resection of primary tumors. Analyses of SEER data suggests that resection of the primary tumor may result in improved DSS and OS in patients with stage IV colon cancer. A prospective, randomized trial is warranted to confirm a survival benefit.
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Miglioli, Teresa Cristina, Vania Matos Fonseca, Saint Clair Gomes Junior, Katia Silveira da Silva, Pedro Israel Cabral de Lira, and Malaquias Batista Filho. "Factors associated with the nutritional status of children less than 5 years of age." Revista de Saúde Pública 49 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005441.
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OBJECTIVE To analyze if the nutritional status of children aged less than five years is related to the biological conditions of their mothers, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and access to health services and social programs.METHODS This cross-sectional population-based study analyzed 664 mothers and 790 children using canonical correlation analysis. Dependent variables were characteristics of the children (weight/age, height/age, BMI/age, hemoglobin, and retinol serum levels). Independent variables were those related to the mothers’ nutritional status (BMI, hemoglobin, and retinol serum levels), age, environmental and socioeconomic factors and access to health service and social programs. A < 0.05 significance level was adopted to select the interpreted canonical functions (CF) and ± 0.40 as canonical load value of the analyzed variables.RESULTS Three canonical functions were selected, concentrating 89.9% of the variability of the relationship among the groups. In the first canonical function, weight/age (-0.73) and height/age (-0.99) of the children were directly related to the mother’s height (-0.82), prenatal appointments (-0.43), geographical area of the residence (-0.41), and household incomeper capita (-0.42). Inverse relationship between the variables related to the children and people/room (0.44) showed that the larger the number of people/room, the poorer their nutritional status. Rural residents were found to have the worse nutritional conditions. In the second canonical function, the BMI of the mother (-0.48) was related to BMI/age and retinol of the children, indicating that as women gained weight so did their children. Underweight women tended to have children with vitamin A deficiency. In the third canonical function, hemoglobin (-0.72) and retinol serum levels (-0.40) of the children were directly related to the mother’s hemoglobin levels (-0.43).CONCLUSIONS Mothers and children were associated concerning anemia, vitamin A deficiency and anthropometric markers. Living in rural areas is a determining factor for the families health status.
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Peixoto, Clayton, Carolina Gomes Carrilho, Tatiana Teixeira de Siqueira Bilemjian Ribeiro, Lucy Maria da Silva, Emerson Andrade Gonçalves, Luísa Fernandes, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Adriana Cardoso, and André Barciela Veras. "Relationship between sexual hormones, quality of life and postmenopausal sexual function." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 41, no. 2 (June 2019): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0057.
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Abstract Objective To assess the relationship between sexual hormones, sexual function and quality of life in postmenopausal women. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 36 postmenopausal women between the ages of 45 and 65 in follow-up at a climacteric outpatient clinic. Mood, quality of life, sexual function and hormonal profile were assessed. Results With regard to sexual hormones and sexual function, a relationship was found between orgasm and luteinizing hormone (r=0.37), orgasm and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (r=0.39), SHBG and less pain (r=0.44), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and desire (r=-0.45), as well as between prolactin and lubrication (r=0.33). Sexual hormones and quality of life were related as follows: progesterone and limitations due to physical aspects (r=0.35), SHBG and social aspects (r=0.35), cortisol and pain (r=0.46), DHEA and social aspects (r=-0.40). Finally, the following relationships were found between sexual function and quality of life: sexual desire and vitality, social aspects, state of general health and mental health (r=0.46, r=0.51, r=0.35, and r=0.38, respectively). Arousal, orgasm and satisfaction with sexual life showed a relationship with less physical pain (r=0.40, r=0.42, and r=0.43, respectively). Satisfaction with sexual life was correlated with vitality (r=0.33). Conclusion Different correlations than expected were found in this study regarding the effect of some hormones on sexual function and some aspects of the quality of life of postmenopausal women.
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King, Kristen L., Syed Ali Husain, Zhezhen Jin, Corey Brennan, and Sumit Mohan. "Trends in Disparities in Preemptive Kidney Transplantation in the United States." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 1500–1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.03140319.
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Background and objectivesLong wait times for deceased donor kidneys and low rates of preemptive wait-listing have limited preemptive transplantation in the United States. We aimed to assess trends in preemptive deceased donor transplantation with the introduction of the new Kidney Allocation System (KAS) in 2014 and identify whether key disparities in preemptive transplantation have changed.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe identified adult deceased donor kidney transplant recipients in the United States from 2000 to 2018 using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Preemptive transplantation was defined as no dialysis before transplant. Associations between recipient, donor, transplant, and policy era characteristics and preemptive transplantation were calculated using logistic regression. To test for modification by KAS policy era, an interaction term between policy era and each characteristic of interest was introduced in bivariate and adjusted models.ResultsThe proportion of preemptive transplants increased after implementation of KAS from 9.0% to 9.8%, with 1.10 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06 to 1.14) times higher odds of preemptive transplantation post-KAS compared with pre-KAS. Preemptive recipients were more likely to be white, older, female, more educated, hold private insurance, and have ESKD cause other than diabetes or hypertension. Policy era significantly modified the association between preemptive transplantation and race, age, insurance status, and Human Leukocyte Antigen zero-mismatch (interaction P<0.05). Medicare patients had a significantly lower odds of preemptive transplantation relative to private insurance holders (pre-KAS adjusted OR, [aOR] 0.26; [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.27], to 0.20 [95% CI, 0.18 to 0.22] post-KAS). Black and Hispanic patients experienced a similar phenomenon (aOR 0.48 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.51] to 0.41 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.45] and 0.43 [95% CI, 0.40 to 0.47] to 0.40 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.46] respectively) compared with white patients.ConclusionsAlthough the proportion of deceased donor kidney transplants performed preemptively increased slightly after KAS, disparities in preemptive kidney transplantation persisted after the 2014 KAS policy changes and were exacerbated for racial minorities and Medicare patients.
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Han, Ling, Joseph Goulet, Melissa Skanderson, Doug Redd, Cynthia Brandt, and Qing Zeng. "Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches and Opioid Prescriptions Among Older Veterans With Chronic Pain." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3375.
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Abstract Complementary and integrative health (CIH) approaches are recommended in national guidelines as viable options for managing chronic pain and de-prescribing opioids. We followed 1,993,455 Veterans with musculoskeletal disorders for two years who were not using opioids at study entry. CIH exposure was ascertained from primary care visits for acupuncture, massage and chiropractic care via natural language processing and structured data. Opioid prescriptions during the 2-year follow-up were abstracted from Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic pharmacy records. Propensity score (PS) was used to match CIH recipients with non-recipients with most comparable baseline characteristics. Overall, 140,902 (7.1%) Veterans received CIH, with a prevalence of 2.7% for Veterans aged ≥ 65y, comparing to 6.3% and 10.5% for those aged 50-64y and ≤ 49y, respectively. Among the 1:1 PS-matched sub-cohort (136,148 pairs), Cox proportional hazard model revealed that time to fill first opioid prescriptions was significantly longer for CIH recipients (mean: 587 days) than non-recipients (mean: 491 days), with adjusted Hazard Ratio of 0.48 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.45-0.51) for Veterans ≥ 65y, 0.44 (95% CI: (95% CI: 0.43-0.45) for 50-64y and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.46-0.48) for age ≤ 49y group (p value for interaction, 0.003). Sensitivity analyses among full cohort or modeling total supply of first opioid prescriptions derived consistent results. These findings suggest potential benefit of CIH use in delaying and reducing opioids prescriptions for patients with chronic pain and may have implication for older Veterans ≥ 65y who have been found less likely to seek CIH therapies than their younger counterparts.
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Inchai, Puchong, Wen-Chen Tsai, Li-Ting Chiu, and Pei-Tseng Kung. "Inequality in the Utilization of Breast Cancer Screening between Women with and without Disabilities in Taiwan: A Propensity-Score-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 5280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095280.
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Because of the difficulties in accessing medical care, the likelihood of receiving breast cancer screening may be low for women with disabilities. We aimed to investigate differences in the utilization of breast cancer screening among women with and without disabilities. Participants included women with and without disabilities from 2004 to 2010, and it was observed whether the participants had received a breast cancer screening during 2011 and 2012. Propensity-score matching was employed to match disabled women with non-disabled women (1:1). Data sources included the National Health Insurance Research Database, the Cancer Screening Database, and the Disability Registration File. Conditional logistic regression was performed to examine the odds ratios (ORs) that both groups would undergo breast cancer screening. The proportion of women with disabilities who received breast cancer screening was 18.33%, which was significantly lower than that of women without disabilities (25.52%) (p < 0.001). Women with dementia had the lowest probability of receiving a mammography examination (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.28–0.43), followed by those with multiple disabilities (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.40–0.47) and intellectual disabilities (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.41–0.50). In conclusion, compared to women without disabilities, those with disabilities were less likely to undergo breast cancer screening.
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Inchai, Puchong, Wen-Chen Tsai, Li-Ting Chiu, and Pei-Tseng Kung. "Inequality in the Utilization of Breast Cancer Screening between Women with and without Disabilities in Taiwan: A Propensity-Score-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 5280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095280.
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Because of the difficulties in accessing medical care, the likelihood of receiving breast cancer screening may be low for women with disabilities. We aimed to investigate differences in the utilization of breast cancer screening among women with and without disabilities. Participants included women with and without disabilities from 2004 to 2010, and it was observed whether the participants had received a breast cancer screening during 2011 and 2012. Propensity-score matching was employed to match disabled women with non-disabled women (1:1). Data sources included the National Health Insurance Research Database, the Cancer Screening Database, and the Disability Registration File. Conditional logistic regression was performed to examine the odds ratios (ORs) that both groups would undergo breast cancer screening. The proportion of women with disabilities who received breast cancer screening was 18.33%, which was significantly lower than that of women without disabilities (25.52%) (p < 0.001). Women with dementia had the lowest probability of receiving a mammography examination (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.28–0.43), followed by those with multiple disabilities (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.40–0.47) and intellectual disabilities (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.41–0.50). In conclusion, compared to women without disabilities, those with disabilities were less likely to undergo breast cancer screening.
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Watkinson, Ruth Elizabeth, Richard Williams, Stephanie Gillibrand, Caroline Sanders, and Matt Sutton. "Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake and comparison to seasonal influenza vaccine uptake in Greater Manchester, UK: A cohort study." PLOS Medicine 19, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): e1003932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003932.
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Background COVID-19 vaccine uptake is lower amongst most minority ethnic groups compared to the White British group in England, despite higher COVID-19 mortality rates. Here, we add to existing evidence by estimating inequalities for 16 minority ethnic groups, examining ethnic inequalities within population subgroups, and comparing the magnitudes of ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake to those for routine seasonal influenza vaccine uptake. Methods and findings We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Greater Manchester Care Record, which contains de-identified electronic health record data for the population of Greater Manchester, England. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate ethnic inequalities in time to COVID-19 vaccination amongst people eligible for vaccination on health or age (50+ years) criteria between 1 December 2020 and 18 April 2021 (138 days of follow-up). We included vaccination with any approved COVID-19 vaccine, and analysed first-dose vaccination only. We compared inequalities between COVID-19 and influenza vaccine uptake adjusting by age group and clinical risk, and used subgroup analysis to identify populations where inequalities were widest. The majority of individuals (871,231; 79.24%) were White British. The largest minority ethnic groups were Pakistani (50,268; 4.75%), ‘other White background’ (43,195; 3.93%), ‘other ethnic group’ (34,568; 3.14%), and Black African (18,802; 1.71%). In total, 83.64% (919,636/1,099,503) of eligible individuals received a COVID-19 vaccine. Uptake was lower compared to the White British group for 15 of 16 minority ethnic groups, with particularly wide inequalities amongst the groups ‘other Black background’ (hazard ratio [HR] 0.42, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.44), Black African (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.44), Arab (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.48), and Black Caribbean (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.45). In total, 55.71% (419,314/752,715) of eligible individuals took up influenza vaccination. Compared to the White British group, inequalities in influenza vaccine uptake were widest amongst the groups ‘White and Black Caribbean’ (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.68) and ‘White and Black African’ (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.72). In contrast, uptake was slightly higher than the White British group amongst the groups ‘other ethnic group’ (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.12) and Bangladeshi (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.11). Overall, ethnic inequalities in vaccine uptake were wider for COVID-19 than influenza vaccination for 15 of 16 minority ethnic groups. COVID-19 vaccine uptake inequalities also existed amongst individuals who previously took up influenza vaccination. Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake were concentrated amongst older and extremely clinically vulnerable adults, and the most income-deprived. A limitation of this study is the focus on uptake of the first dose of COVID-19 vaccination, rather than full COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusions Ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine uptake exceeded those for influenza vaccine uptake, existed amongst those recently vaccinated against influenza, and were widest amongst those with greatest COVID-19 risk. This suggests the COVID-19 vaccination programme has created additional and different inequalities beyond pre-existing health inequalities. We suggest that further research and policy action is needed to understand and remove barriers to vaccine uptake, and to build trust and confidence amongst minority ethnic communities.
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Cetin, Karynsa, Jeffrey Wasser, Sally Wettten, and Ivy Altomare. "Rate of Bleeding-Related Episodes (BREs) in Adult Patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenic Pupura (ITP): A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study of Administrative Medical Claims Data in the United States (US)." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.202.202.
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Abstract Background: ITP is a rare disorder characterized by low platelet counts and an increased tendency to bleed. The goal of ITP therapy is to treat or prevent bleeding. In ITP therapy trials, ethical considerations require that any patient determined to be at imminent risk of bleeding is treated with any therapy necessary to reduce this risk (“rescue therapy”). Therefore, BREs reported in this setting may not reflect true bleeding rates. Understanding the frequency of both actual bleeding events and/or use of rescue therapy in routine clinical practice could provide additional insights on the real-world burden of this disease. Methods: Based on administrative medical claims from the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters and Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits Databases in the US, we identified adults diagnosed with primary ITP between 01/01/2008 and 12/31/2012. BREs were defined as ≥1 actual bleeding event (of any severity) and/or rescue therapy use (platelet transfusion, intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIg], anti-D, or IV steroids). The rate of BREs (per person per year) was calculated for the ITP cohort overall and by ITP phase (newly diagnosed: 0 to <3 months; persistent: 3-12 months; and chronic: >12 months) and splenectomy status. Patients were followed from ITP diagnosis until death, disenrollment from the health plan, or 06/30/2013, whichever came first. Results: Of approximately 67 million adults in the database, we identified 6,651 adults with primary ITP followed for 13,046 person-years (mean age: 52.4 years; 59% female). During follow-up, 3,768 patients (57%) experienced at least one BRE, translating into a rate of 1.08 BREs per person per year (95% CI: 1.06-1.10). Of the total 14,115 BREs, 41% contained bleeding events only; 58% contained rescue therapy only, and 2% contained both. The most common bleeding types were: gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematuria, epistaxis, and ecchymoses. Intracranial hemorrhage was reported in 74 patients (1.1%). Newly diagnosed and splenectomized patients had higher BRE rates (Table). Conclusions: We provide current real-world estimates of BRE rates in adults with primary ITP. In our study, the majority of ITP patients experienced at least one BRE, and over half of all BREs were defined by rescue therapy use alone. This demonstrates the importance of examining both bleeding and rescue therapy use to fully assess disease burden and ultimately help determine the relative success of different ITP therapies. Abstract 202. Table 1 BREs with bleeding only BREs with rescue therapy use only BREs with both bleeding and rescue therapy All BREs Count Rate per person per year (95% CI) Count Rate per person per year (95% CI) Count Rate per person per year (95% CI) Count Rate per person per year (95% CI) Newly diagnosed ITP 2,059 1.29 (1.24-1.35) 2,063 1.30 (1.24-1.35) 126 0.08 (0.07-0.09) 4,248 2.67 (2.59-2.75) Persistent ITP 1,678 0.40 (0.38-0.42) 2,805 0.66 (0.64-0.69) 79 0.02 (0.01-0.02) 4,562 1.08 (1.05-1.11) Chronic ITP 1,984 0.27 (0.26-0.29) 3,272 0.45 (0.44-0.47) 49 0.01 (0.01-0.01) 5,305 0.73 (0.71-0.75) Splenectomized 347 0.42 (0.37-0.46) 618 0.74 (0.69-0.80) 5 0.01 (0.00-0.01) 970 1.17 (1.09-1.24) Non-splenectomized 5,374 0.44 (0.43-0.45) 7,522 0.62 (0.60-0.63) 249 0.02 (0.02-0.02) 13,145 1.08 (1.06-1.09) Overall 5,721 0.44 (0.43-0.45) 8,140 0.62 (0.61-0.64) 254 0.02 (0.02-0.02) 14,115 1.08 (1.06-1.10) Disclosures Cetin: Amgen: Employment. Wasser:Amgen: Consultancy. Wettten:Amgen: Employment. Altomare:Amgen: Consultancy.
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Dennis, Brittany B., Pavel S. Roshanov, Monica Bawor, Wala ElSheikh, Sue Garton, Jane DeJesus, Sumathy Rangarajan, et al. "Re-Examination of Classic Risk Factors for Suicidal Behavior in the Psychiatric Population." Crisis 36, no. 4 (July 2015): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000342.
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Abstract. Background: For decades we have understood the risk factors for suicide in the general population but have fallen short in understanding what distinguishes the risk for suicide among patients with serious psychiatric conditions. Aims: This prompted us to investigate risk factors for suicidal behavior among psychiatric inpatients. Method: We reviewed all psychiatric hospital admissions (2008–2011) to a centralized psychiatric hospital in Ontario, Canada. Using multivariable logistic regression we evaluated the association between potential risk factors and lifetime history of suicidal behavior, and constructed a model and clinical risk score to predict a history of this behavior. Results: The final risk prediction model for suicidal behavior among psychiatric patients (n = 2,597) included age (in three categories: 60–69 [OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.73–0.76], 70–79 [OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.44–0.46], 80+ [OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.30–.31]), substance use disorder (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.27–1.32), mood disorder (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.47–1.52), personality disorder (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 2.25–2.36), psychiatric disorders due to general medical condition (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.50–0.55), and schizophrenia (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.41–0.43). The risk score constructed from the risk prediction model ranges from −9 (lowest risk, 0% predicted probability of suicidal behavior) to +5 (highest risk, 97% predicted probability). Conclusion: Risk estimation may help guide intensive screening and treatment efforts of psychiatric patients with high risk of suicidal behavior.
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Xu, Binghe, Min Yan, Fei Ma, Xichun Hu, Jifeng Feng, Quchang Ouyang, Zhongsheng Tong, et al. "Abstract GS3-02: Updated overall survival (OS) results from the phase 3 PHOEBE trial of pyrotinib versus lapatinib in combination with capecitabine in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): GS3–02—GS3–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-gs3-02.
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Abstract Background: Pyrotinib (an irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting EGFR, HER2 and HER4) plus capecitabine significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with that for lapatinib plus capecitabine in women with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer after treatment with trastuzumab and taxanes in the interim analysis of the PHOEBE trial (NCT03080805; Xu et al. Lancet Oncology, 2021). In this report, we present an updated analysis of the overall survival data from this trial. Methods: This PHOEBE trial enrolled patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer who had received prior trastuzumab and taxanes and up to two prior lines of chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either oral pyrotinib 400 mg or lapatinib 1250 mg once daily, combined with oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m² twice daily on days 1-14 of each 21-day cycle. Stratification factors were hormone receptor status (estrogen receptor [ER]- and/or progesterone receptor [PR]-positive vs. ER- and PR-negative) and previous lines of chemotherapy for metastatic disease (≤1 vs 2). The primary endpoint was PFS assessed by masked independent central review. Data cutoff for the updated overall survival analysis was March 31, 2021. Results: Between July 31, 2017 and October 30, 2018, 267 eligible patients were enrolled and randomized to either pyrotinib plus capecitabine (pyrotinib group) or lapatinib plus capecitabine (lapatinib group). 134 patients in pyrotinib group and 132 in lapatinib group started the assigned treatment. At data cutoff, the median follow-up duration was 33.2 months (95% CI 31.4-34.2) in the pyrotinib group and 31.8 months (95% CI 31.2-34.1) in the lapatinib group. 78 (58.2%) patients in the pyrotinib group and 98 (74.2%) patients in the lapatinib group received post-discontinuation therapy, with trastuzumab (60 [44.8%] in the pyrotinib group and 65 [49.2%] in the lapatinib group) being the most common. As of data cutoff date, 54 (40.3%) of 134 patients randomly assigned to the pyrotinib group and 69 (52.3%) of the 132 patients randomly assigned to lapatinib group had died. Median OS was not reached (95% CI 34.0-not reached) in the pyrotinib group and 26.9 months (22.4-not reached) in the lapatinib group (HR 0.69 [95% CI 0.48-0.98]; P=0.019). Kaplan-Meier estimated OS at 24 months was 66.6% (95% CI 57.7-74.0) and 58.8% (95% CI 49.7-66.7), respectively. 99 (73.9%) patients in the pyrotinib group and 121 (91.7%) in the lapatinib group had disease progression or had died. Pyrotinib plus capecitabine significantly improved PFS assessed by investigator compared with that for lapatinib plus capecitabine (12.5 months [95% CI 9.8-13.8] vs 5.6 months [95% CI 5.5-7.0]; HR 0.48 [95% CI 0.37-0.63]; P<0.0001). The benefits of pyrotinib plus capecitabine were observed in most clinically relevant subgroups for the updated analysis of both OS and PFS (Table 1). Conclusion: With extended follow-up, pyrotinib plus capecitabine demonstrated statistically significant OS improvement compared with lapatinib plus capecitabine in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer after trastuzumab and chemotherapy. This updated analysis of overall survival in the PHOEBE trial reaffirmed pyrotinib plus capecitabine as an established treatment option in this patient population. Table 1.Subgroup analysis of OS and PFS per investigator.HR for OSHR for PFSAll Patients0.69 (0.48-0.98)0.48 (0.37-0.63)Trastuzumab therapy for metastatic disease<3 months0.67 (0.33-1.35)0.34 (0.17-0.69)3-6 months0.78 (0.34-1.76)0.66 (0.32-1.34)≥3 months0.79 (0.37-1.66)0.44 (0.26-0.75)Trastuzumab resistanceNo0.60 (0.39-0.91)0.44 (0.32-0.61)Yes0.94 (0.48-1.85)0.58 (0.35-0.98)HER2 amplification by FISH0.76 (0.39-1.51)0.57 (0.35-0.92)Pathological gradingII0.65 (0.33-1.28)0.51 (0.31-0.85)III0.82 (0.41-1.65)0.51 (0.31-0.83)Unknown0.70 (0.41-1.21)0.45 (0.29-0.70)Visceral lesionsVisceral0.59 (0.40-0.88)0.45 (0.33-0.62)Non-visceral1.28 (0.55-2.95)0.57 (0.31-1.04)ECOG performance status00.72 (0.40-1.29)0.42 (0.26-0.66)10.67 (0.43-1.04)0.50 (0.36-0.71)Estrogen and progesterone receptor statusPositive0.74 (0.44-1.25)0.58 (0.39-0.86)Negative0.64 (0.39-1.04)0.41 (0.28-0.60)Previous lines of chemotherapy for metastatic disease00.72 (0.38-1.35)0.47 (0.30-0.74)10.73 (0.44-1.22)0.49 (0.32-0.73)20.56 (0.24-1.32)0.56 (0.28-1.08)Data are median (95% CI). HRs are from unstratified analyses. Citation Format: Binghe Xu, Min Yan, Fei Ma, Xichun Hu, Jifeng Feng, Quchang Ouyang, Zhongsheng Tong, Huiping Li, Qingyuan Zhang, Tao Sun, Xian Wang, Yongmei Yin, Ying Cheng, Wei Li, Xiaoyu Zhu, Chunxia Chen, Jianjun Zou. Updated overall survival (OS) results from the phase 3 PHOEBE trial of pyrotinib versus lapatinib in combination with capecitabine in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS3-02.
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Silber, E., EW Radue, F. Barkhof, R. Gottschalk, Y. Zhang, L. Cappiello, P. von Rosenstiel, and L. Kappos. "SUSTAINED LOW RATE BRAIN VOLUME LOSS IN LONG TERM FINGOLIMOD TREATMENT." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 86, no. 11 (October 14, 2015): e4.19-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.115.
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ObjectivesTo evaluate long-term Brain Volume Loss (BVL) in patients who received fingolimod 0.5 mg or placebo in the FREEDOMS or FREEDOMS-2, and LONGTERMS studies. Methodspooled-analysis of patients who completed FREEDOMS and FREEDOMS-2 core studies and received at least one fingolimod-dose in LONGTERMS. We calculated the percent brain volume change (PBVC) and the mean annualized rate of brain atrophy (ARBA) at different time points using SIENA (Structural Image Evaluation using Normalization of Atrophy). Results up-to month (M)72 are presented for continuous-fingolimod 0.5 mg patient group and for placebo-fingolimod patient groupResults2355 patients (fingolimod 0.5 mg: 783, placebo-fingolimod: 773). Median exposure to fingolimod was 915(271–1689); 18.8% of patients had fingolimod-exposure for =2160 days (6 years). At M6,12,24,36, and 48, mean PBVC was –0.22 vs. –0.36; –0.44 vs. –0.63; –0.83 vs. –1.28; –1.22 vs. –1.73 and –1.61 vs. –2.16 for fingolimod 0.5 mg vs. placebo-fingolimod. Mean ARBA was –0.43 vs. –0.70; –0.45 vs. –0.64; –0.43 vs. –0.67; –0.41 vs. –0.59 and –0.43 vs. –0.58. Similar pattern observed at M60 and 72 (smaller patient numbers) for PBVC (–1.49 vs. – 2.41 and –1.58 vs. –2.99) and ARBA (–0.31 vs. –0.51 and –0.27 vs. –0.52). Long–term treatment with fingolimod 0.5mg is attended by sustained low rates of BVL upto–6 years. Patients switching from placebo to fingolimod did not catch-up regarding BVL.
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Manouchehrinia, Ali, Helga Westerlind, Elaine Kingwell, Feng Zhu, Robert Carruthers, Ryan Ramanujam, Maria Ban, et al. "Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score: Disability ranked by age." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 23, no. 14 (February 3, 2017): 1938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458517690618.
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Background: The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) is obtained by normalising the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score for disease duration and has been a valuable tool in cross-sectional studies. Objective: To assess whether use of age rather than the inherently ambiguous disease duration was a feasible approach. Method: We pooled disability data from three population-based cohorts and developed an Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity (ARMSS) score by ranking EDSS scores based on the patient’s age at the time of assessment. We established the power to detect a difference between groups afforded by the ARMSS score and assessed its relative consistency over time. Results: The study population included 26058 patients from Sweden ( n = 11846), Canada ( n = 6179) and the United Kingdom ( n = 8033). There was a moderate correlation between EDSS and disease duration ( r = 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45–0.47) and between EDSS and age ( r = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.43–0.45). The ARMSS scores showed comparable power to detect disability differences between groups to the updated and original MSSS. Conclusion: Since age is typically unbiased and readily obtained, and the ARMSS and MSSS were comparable, the ARMSS may provide a more versatile tool and could minimise study biases and loss of statistical power caused by inaccurate or missing onset dates.
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Mondoni, Michele, Giovanni Sotgiu, Martina Bonifazi, Simone Dore, Elena Maria Parazzini, Paolo Carlucci, Stefano Gasparini, and Stefano Centanni. "Transbronchial needle aspiration in peripheral pulmonary lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis." European Respiratory Journal 48, no. 1 (May 12, 2016): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00051-2016.
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Fluoroscopy-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) has long been used in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), although its diagnostic performance varies considerably.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the accuracy of TBNA in the diagnosis of PPLs, comparing its diagnostic yield with transbronchial biopsy (TBB) and assessing the main predictors of a successful aspirate.In 18 studies, the overall TBNA yield was 0.53 (95% CI 0.44–0.61). TBNA showed a higher accuracy when directly compared to TBB (0.60 (95% CI 0.49–0.71) versus 0.45 (95% CI 0.37–0.54)). The subgroup analyses documented a higher TBNA yield when the computed tomography (CT) bronchus sign was present (0.70 (95% CI 0.63–0.77) versus 0.51 (95% CI 0.38–0.64)), when rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) was performed (0.62 (95% CI 0.43–0.79) versus 0.51 (95% CI 0.42–0.60)), in the case of malignant lesions (0.55 (95% CI 0.44–0.66) versus 0.17 (95% CI 0.11–0.24)) and for lesions >3 cm (0.81 (95% CI 0.73–0.87) versus 0.55 (95% CI 0.47–0.63)).Conventional TBNA is a useful sampling technique for the diagnosis of PPL, with a higher diagnostic yield than TBB. The presence of CT bronchus sign, an underlying malignant process, lesion size >3 cm and ROSE employment are predictors of a higher yield.
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Nayak, Suryasnata, Shashirekha Govind, Amit Jena, Priyanka Samal, Naresh Kumar Sahoo, and Shakti Rath. "Evaluation of Oral Hygiene Status, Salivary Fluoride Concentration and Microbial Level in Thalassemic and Hemophilic Patients." Siriraj Medical Journal 74, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33192/smj.2022.38.
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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate oral hygiene status, salivary fluoride concentration, and Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus levels in saliva of thalassemic, hemophilic and individuals without any other systemic disorders.Materials and Methods: A total 162 individuals (44 healthy individuals, 86 thalassemic and 32 hemophilic patients) were selected, and randomly (n=30 in each group), the patients were allocated to Group A: individuals without any systemic condition, Group B: thalassemic patients, and Group C: hemophilic patients. Detailed case history, DMFT/DMFS, and OHI-S index were recorded. An aliquot of 5 ml of saliva was collected from each patient to determine the salivary fluoride concentration and predominant microbial colony in saliva. The data were analyzed by chi-square test of independence and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test.Results: The mean debris and calculus index among groups A, B, and C was 0.55 ± 0.43, 0.61 ± 0.46, 0.46 ± 0.47 and 0.33 ± 0.48, 0.18 ± 0.34, and 0.15 ± 0.34, respectively. The DMFT score for group A was high (1.93 ± 1.86, 1.67 ± 1.92) compared to groups B (0.40 ± 0.77, 0.67 ± 1.37) and C (0.47 ± 0.68, 0.30 ± 0.54). The fluoride concentrations among three groups (A, B, and C) were 0.06 ± 0.07, 0.12 ± 0.13, and 0.12 ± 0.13 ppm respectively. The number of colony-forming units was highest in the healthy individual>hemophilic>thalassemic and presence of predominant microorganisms showed insignificant association among the groups (p=0.323).Conclusion: Compared to healthy individuals, thalassemic and hemophilic patients had better oral hygiene.
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Koh, Min Jung, Mwanasha H. Merrill, Min Ji Koh, Robert Stuver, Carolyn D. Alonso, Francine M. Foss, Angel M. Mayor, et al. "Comparative outcomes for mature T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas in people with and without HIV and to AIDS-defining lymphomas." Blood Advances 6, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 1420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006208.
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Abstract There are no studies comparing the prognosis for mature T-cell lymphoma (TCL) in people with HIV (PWH) to people without HIV (PWoH) and to AIDS-defining B-cell lymphomas (A-BCLs) in the modern antiretroviral therapy era. North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design and Comprehensive Oncology Measures for Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma Treatment are cohorts that enroll patients diagnosed with HIV and TCL, respectively. In our study, 52, 64, 101, 500, and 246 PWH with histologic confirmation of TCL, primary central nervous system lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), respectively, and 450 TCLs without HIV were eligible for analysis. At the time of TCL diagnosis, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) was the most common TCL subtype within PWH. Although PWH with TCL diagnosed between 1996 and 2009 experienced a low 5-year survival probability at 0.23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13, 0.41), we observed a marked improvement in their survival when diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 (0.69; 95% CI: 0.48, 1; P = .04) in contrast to TCLs among PWoH (0.45; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.51; P = .53). Similarly, PWH with ALCLs diagnosed between 1996 and 2009 were associated with a conspicuously inferior 5-year survival probability (0.17; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.42) and consistently lagged behind A-BCL subtypes such as Burkitt’s (0.43; 95% CI:0.33, 0.57; P = .09) and DLBCL (0.17; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.46; P = .11) and behind HL (0.57; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.65; P < .0001). Despite a small number, those diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 experienced a remarkable improvement in survival (0.67; 95% CI: 0.3, 1) in comparison with PWoH (0.76; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.87; P = .58). Thus, our analysis confirms improved overall survival for aggressive B- and T-cell malignancies among PWH in the last decade.
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Suri, Anisha, Jessie VanSwearingen, Mark Redfern, Ervin Sejdic, and Andrea Rosso. "Association Between Dual-Task Gait and Cognitive Function in Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.617.
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Abstract Community mobility involves walking with physical and cognitive challenges. In older adults (N=116; results here from initial analyses: N=29, Age=75±5 years, 51% females), we assessed gait speed and smoothness (harmonic-ratio) while walking on even and uneven surfaces, with or without an alternate alphabeting dual-task (ABC). ANOVA assessed surface and dual-task effects; Pearson correlations compared gait with global cognition and executive function composite z-scores. The four conditions (even, uneven, even-ABC and uneven-ABC) affected speed(m/s) (0.97±0.14 vs 0.90±0.15 vs 0.83±0.17 vs 0.79±0.16). Smoothness (2.19±0.48 vs 1.89±0.38 vs 1.92±0.53 vs 1.7±0.43) was affected by only surface (controlled for speed). Greater speed was associated with better global cognition(ρ=0.47 to 0.49, p<0.05) for all conditions and with better executive function for even-ABC(ρ=0.39, p=0.04) and uneven-ABC(ρ=0.40, p=0.03). Executive function was associated with smoothness during even(ρp=-0.42, p=0.03) and uneven(ρp=-0.39, p=0.04) walking. Type of walking challenge differentially affects gait quality and associations with cognitive function.
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Cui, Yong, Wanqing Wen, Tao Zheng, Honglan Li, Yu-Tang Gao, Hui Cai, Mingrong You, et al. "Use of Antihypertensive Medications and Survival Rates for Breast, Colorectal, Lung, or Stomach Cancer." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 8 (May 7, 2019): 1512–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz106.
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Abstract Using time-dependent Cox regression models, we examined associations of common antihypertensive medications with overall cancer survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS), with comprehensive adjustment for potential confounding factors. Participants were from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study (1996–2000) and Shanghai Men’s Health Study (2002–2006) in Shanghai, China. Included were 2,891 incident breast, colorectal, lung, and stomach cancer cases. Medication use was extracted from electronic medical records. With a median 3.4-year follow-up after diagnosis (interquartile range, 1.0–6.3), we found better outcomes among users of angiotensin II receptor blockers with colorectal cancer (OS: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44, 0.86; DSS: adjusted HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.87) and stomach cancer (OS: adjusted HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.94; DSS: adjusted HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.98) and among users of β-adrenergic receptor blockers with colorectal cancer (OS: adjusted HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.72; DSS: adjusted HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.73). Better survival was also found for calcium channel blockers (DSS: adjusted HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.97) and diuretics (OS: adjusted HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.96; DSS: adjusted HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.85) with stomach cancer. Our findings suggest angiotensin II receptor blockers, β-adrenergic receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers might be associated with improved survival outcomes of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Wang, Bo-Yun, Zi-Hao Zhu, You-Kang Gao, Qing-Dong Zeng, Yang Liu, Jun Du, Tao Wang, and Hua-Qing Yu. "Plasmon induced transparency effect based on graphene nanoribbon waveguide side-coupled with rectangle cavities system." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 2 (2022): 024201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211397.
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In order to reduce the size of the device and realize the ultrafast response time and dynamic tunableness, the single-band and dual-band plasmon induced transparency (PIT) effect are investigated based on graphene nanoribbon waveguide side-coupled rectangle cavity. The slow light properties of the model are analyzed numerically and theoretically by coupled mode theory and finite difference time domain method. With controlling the chemical potential of the graphene rectangle cavity, the tunability of the resonant wavelength and the transmission peak can be achieved simultaneously in single-band and dual-band PIT model. As the chemical potential of graphene increases, the resonant wavelength of each transmission window of PIT effect decreases gradually and presents the blue shift. In addition, through dynamically tuning the resonant wavelength of the graphene rectangle cavity, when the chemical potential of the graphene rectangle cavity increases from 0.41 to 0.44 eV, the group index of single PIT system is controlled to be between 79.2 and 28.3, and the tunable bandwidth is 477 nm. Moreover, the group index of dual PIT system is controlled to be between 143.2 and 108.6 when the chemical potentials of graphene rectangle cavities 1, 2, and 3 are 0.39–0.42 eV, 0.40–0.43 eV, and 0.41–0.44 eV, respectively. The size of the entire PIT structure is <0.5 μm<sup>2</sup>. The research results here in this work are of reference significance in designing and fabricating the optical sensors, optical filters, slow light and light storage devices with ultrafast, ultracompact and dynamic tunableness.
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Hur, Yoon-Mi, Hana Yu, Hee-Jeong Jin, and Siwoo Lee. "Heritability of Cold and Heat Patterns: A Twin Study." Twin Research and Human Genetics 21, no. 3 (April 12, 2018): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2018.17.
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In traditional East Asian medicine, cold–heat patterns have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from various diseases. The present study aimed to estimate the heritability of cold–heat patterns. Trained interviewers administered a cold–heat pattern questionnaire to 1,753 twins (mean age = 19.1 ± 3.1 years) recruited throughout South Korea. Correlations for the cold pattern (CP) were 0.42 (95% CI [0.28, 0.54]) for monozygotic (MZ) males, 0.16 (95% CI [-0.08, 0.39]) for dizygotic (DZ) males, 0.40 (95% CI [0.30, 0.49]) for MZ females, 0.30 (95% CI [0.12, 0.45]) for DZ females, and 0.07 (95% CI [-0.11, 0.25]) for opposite-sex DZ twins. The corresponding twin correlations for the heat pattern (HP) were 0.38 (95% CI [0.24, 0.51]), -0.22 (95% CI [-0.43, 0.02]), 0.34 (95% CI [0.24, 0.43]), 0.21 (95% CI [0.03, 0.37]), and 0.08 (95% CI [-0.10, 0.26]), respectively. These patterns of twin correlations suggested significant genetic effects on the HP and the CP. Model-fitting analysis revealed that heritability estimates in both sexes were 40% (95% CI [38, 42]) for the CP and 33% (95% CI [25, 42]) for the HP, with the remaining variances attributable to unique environmental variances. These estimates did not vary significantly with age during adolescence and young adulthood.
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Schwartz, C. L., W. L. Hobbie, S. Truesdell, L. C. Constine, and E. B. Clark. "Corrected QT interval prolongation in anthracycline-treated survivors of childhood cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 11, no. 10 (October 1993): 1906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1993.11.10.1906.
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PURPOSE Comprehensive cardiac evaluations are currently recommended for all anthracycline-treated patients to detect subclinical cardiac failure. A screening test is needed that would easily and inexpensively identify patients who are at risk for late cardiac decompensation. METHODS We routinely reviewed the ECG and echocardiogram (ECHO) results of 52 of 56 anthracycline-treated long-term survivors of childhood cancer who had received > or = 100 mg/m2 of ANTH (ANTH = 1 mg/m2 of doxorubicin), and who were not in clinical heart failure. Exercise testing was performed in eight patients with a corrected QT interval (QTc) of > or = 0.43. RESULTS Zero of 15 patients (without chest radiation) who received less than 300 mg/m2 of ANTH versus six of 22 who received > or = 300 mg/m2 of ANTH had a QTc > or = 0.43 (P = .03). Three of 15 patients (with chest radiation) who received less than 300 mg/m2 of ANTH versus 12 of 22 who received > or = 300 mg/m2 of ANTH had a QTc > or = 0.43 (P = .03). For all patients (including those with chest radiotherapy), zero of 19 who received less than 300 mg/m2 of ANTH versus eight of 33 who received > or = 300 mg/m2 of ANTH had a QTc of > or = 0.45 (P = .025). Three of 19 who received less than 300 mg/m2 of ANTH versus 19 of 33 who received > or = 300 mg/m2 of ANTH had a QTc of > or = 0.43 (P = .003). One patient had decreased fractional shortening (FS) and QTc prolongation. Cardiac decompensation (with a FS of 24%) occurred with propranolol in a patient with previously normal FS but prolonged QTc. With exercise, the QTc became further prolonged in all four patients with a QTc of 0.44 to 0.46 and in two of four patients with a QTc of 0.43. CONCLUSION Prolongation of the QTc, a measure of myocardial repolarization, may reflect injury to myocardial cells. QTc prolongation may be predictive of an increased risk of late cardiac decompensation. If the utility of the QTc measure is confirmed, screening for evidence of myocardial damage can be easily and inexpensively performed by oncologists and primary caretakers.
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Morley, Rachael L., Matthew J. Edmondson, Ceri Rowlands, Jane M. Blazeby, and Robert J. Hinchliffe. "Registration and publication of emergency and elective randomised controlled trials in surgery: a cohort study from trial registries." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (July 2018): e021700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021700.
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ObjectivesEmergency surgical practice constitutes 50% of the workload for surgeons, but there is a lack of high quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in emergency surgery. This study aims to establish the differences between the registration, completion and publication of emergency and elective surgical trials.DesignThe clinicaltrials.gov and ISRCTN.com trials registry databases were searched for RCTs between 12 July 2010 and 12 July 2012 using the keyword ‘surgery’. Publications were systematically searched for in Pubmed, MEDLINE and EMBASE.ParticipantsResults with no surgical interventions were excluded. The remaining results were manually categorised into ‘emergency’ or ‘elective’ and ‘surgical’ or ‘adjunct’ by two reviewers.Primary outcome measuresNumber of RCTs registered in emergency versus elective surgery.Secondary outcome measuresNumber of RCTs published in emergency versus elective surgery; reasons why trials remain unpublished; funding, sponsorship and impact of published articles; number of adjunct trials registered in emergency and elective surgery.Results2700 randomised trials were registered. 1173 trials were on a surgical population and of these, 414 trials were studying surgery. Only 9.4% (39/414) of surgical trials were in emergency surgery. The proportion of trials successfully published did not significantly differ between emergency and elective surgery (0.46 vs 0.52; mean difference (MD) −0.06, 95% CI −0.24 to 0.12). Unpublished emergency surgical trials were statistically equally likely to be terminated early compared with elective trials (0.33 vs 0.16; MD −0.18, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.41). Low accrual accounted for a similar majority in both groups (0.43 vs 0.46; MD −0.04, 95% CI −0.48 to 0.41). Unpublished trials in both groups were statistically equally likely to still be planning publication (0.52 vs 0.71; MD −0.18, 95% CI −0.43 to 0.07).ConclusionFewer RCTs are registered in emergency than elective surgery. Once trials are registered both groups are equally likely to be published.
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Adamu, Z., M. B. Ardo, and Y. H. Aliyara. "Nutrient composition of pastoralist's raw milk of different breeds of cattle in Adamawa and Taraba states, Northeastern Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i2.130.
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This study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of raw milk produced in pastoral settlements. Six hundred pastoralists' raw milk samples were collected from 20 local governments in Adamawa and Taraba states, Nigeria. Milk samples were collected from White Fulani (WF), Red Bororo (RB) and Sokoto Gudali (SG) breeds of cattle and were analyzed for protein, fat, ash and moisture contents. The protein content ranged between 3.62±0.38% -3.95±0.11% in WF, 3.29±0.8% - 3.94±0.10% in RB and 3.31±0.27%- 3.95±0.09% in SG in Adamawa and Taraba states. The fat content ranged between 3.55±0.47% - 3.99±0.03% in WF, 3.98±0.04% - 3.98±0.06% in RB and 3.32±0.20% - 3.45±0.27% in SG. The ash content recorded was between 0.40±0.06% -0.41±0.04% in WF, 0.40±0.06% - 0.43±0.07% in RB and0.39±0.06% - 0.41±0.08% in SG, and the moisture content in Adamawa and Taraba states were between 83.52±2.07% - 84.00±0.57% in WF, 82.28±1.05% - 83.73±0.63% in RB and 82.90±1.48% - 83.56±1.35%in SG. The study from the two states revealed protein value between 3.29± 0.8% - 3.95±0.11%, fat content range of3.32±0.20% - 3.99±0.03%, ash content of between 0.39± 0.06% - 0.43±0.07% and moisture content that ranged between 82.28± 1.05% - 84.00±0.57%. Constituents of milkfrom Taraba state were higher in values than those from Adamawa sate. The statistical analysis of the results at95% confidence level showed significant difference among breeds and states. In comparison, the three breeds that resided in Adamawa state had least values, which could be attributed to herd management practices. This study showed that all the three pastoralists' breeds indicated desirable components in their milk Cross breeding with higher breeds and provision of quality feed and water may lead to better yield in all the breeds in this study.
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Queen, Umudi E. "Nutritive Values of the Leaves of Crescentia Cujete (Ugbuba)." International Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v11n2p106.
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Mineral and proximate analysis of Crescentia Cujete (Ugbugba) leaves were examined using the methods recommended by Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC). The leaves contained 51.00+1.05% moisture, 2.30+0.2% ash, crude protein 51.00+0.43%, crude lipid 1.90+0.08%, crude fibre 4.00+0.12%, carbohydrates 40.40+0.02%. The minerals ranges from mg/g dry weight K(30.02 + 0.03), Na (12.10+0.32), Ca (60.00+0.01). Mg (361.42+0.01), P(14.19 +0.42), Mn (6.32 + 1.01), Fe (2.43+0.01), Cu (13.04+0.10), Zn (1.20+0.43), Na/K (0.40) and Ca/P (2.14), K, Mg, Ca and Fe were found in significant concentrations. The findings showed that Crescentia Cujete leaves are source of nutrients for edible purpose, a good Na/K ratio for lowering blood pressure.
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Wei, Shan, Brynn Levy, Nataly Hoffman, Claudia Cujar, Reunet Rodney-Sandy, Ronald Wapner, Mary D'Alton, and Zev Williams. "A rapid and simple bead-bashing-based method for genomic DNA extraction from mammalian tissue." BioTechniques 68, no. 5 (May 2020): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2019-0172.
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Conventional genomic DNA (gDNA) extraction methods can take hours to complete, may require fume hoods and represent the most time-consuming step in many gDNA-based molecular assays. We systematically optimized a bead bashing-based (BBB) approach for rapid gDNA extraction without the need for a fume hood. Human tissue specimens (n = 34) subjected to the 12-min BBB method yielded 0.40 ± 0.17 (mean ± SD) μg of gDNA per milligram of tissue, sufficient for many downstream applications, and 3- and 6-min extensions resulted in an additional 0.43 ± 0.23 μg and 0.48 ± 0.43 μg per milligram of tissue, respectively. The BBB method provides a simple and rapid method for gDNA extraction from mammalian tissue that is applicable to time-sensitive clinical applications.
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Putra, W. P. B., P. P. Agung, and S. Said. "Non-genetic factor and genetic parameter analysis for growth traits in Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 43, no. 2 (May 24, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.43.2.94-106.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate non-genetic factors and genetic parameters of the growth traits in Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle. The growth traits were consisted of birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), average daily gain of pre-weaning (ADG1) and post-weaning (ADG2). Data from 143 heads of SO cattle (year 2011 to 2016) which raised at PT KAR were used in this study. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) analysis was performed to evaluate non-genetic effect including sex, year of birth, generation and season. Therefore, to evaluate genetic parameters, the heritability (h2) and genetic correlation (rg ) were performed using Paternal Halfshib Correlation method. The results showed that sex of calf had no significant effect (P>0.05) on BW, WW and YW, but year of birth had significant effect on those traits. The factor of season had significant effect on WW. The estimation of h2 values of growth traits were included high category (h2>0.30) and accurate (h2>SE) on BW (0.66±0.42), WW (0.65±0.44), YW (0.67±0.42), ADG1 (0.68±0.45) and ADG2 (0.70±0.43). The estimation of rg values were included high category (rg>0.50) and accurate (rg>SE) on BW-WW (0.87±0.63); BW-YW (0.95±0.87); ADG1-WW (0.99±0.34); WW-YW (0.98±0.48) and ADG1-YW (0.95±0.51). It was concluded that trait of WW could be used as selection criteria to increase YW trait in SO cattle.
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Earnest, P., S. Kupper, M. Thompson, Guo, and S. Church. "Complementary Effects of Multivitamin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Indices of Cardiovascular Health in Individuals with Elevated Homocysteine." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000093.
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Homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and triglycerides (TG) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While multivitamins (MVit) may reduce HCY and hsCRP, omega-3 fatty acids (N3) reduce TG; yet, they are seldom studied simultaneously. We randomly assigned 100 participants with baseline HCY (> 8.0 umol/L) to the daily ingestion of: (1) placebo, (2) MVit (VitC: 200 mg; VitE: 400 IU; VitB6: 25 mg; Folic Acid: 400 ug; VitB12: 400 ug) + placebo, (3) N3 (2 g N3, 760 mg EPA, 440 mg DHA)+placebo, or (4) MVit + N3 for 12 weeks. At follow-up, we observed significant reductions in HCY (umol/L) for the MVit (- 1.43, 95 %CI, - 2.39, - 0.47) and MVit + N3 groups (- 1.01, 95 %CI, - 1.98, - 0.04) groups, both being significant (p < 0.05) vs. placebo (- 0.57, 95 %CI, - 1.49, 0.35) and N3 (1.11, 95 % CI, 0.07, 2.17). hsCRP (nmol/L) was significantly reduced in the MVit (- 6.00, 95 %CI, - 1.04, - 0.15) and MVit + N3 (- 0.98, 95 %CI, - 1.51, - 0.46) groups, but not vs. placebo (- 0.15, 95 %CI, - 0.74, 0.43) or N3 (- 0.53, 95 %CI, - 1.18, 0.12). Lastly, we observed significant reductions in TG for the N3 (- 0.41, 95 %CI, - 0.69, - 0.13) and MVit + N3 (- 0.71, 95 %CI, - 0.93, - 0.46) groups, both significant vs. placebo (- 0.10, 95 %CI, - 0.36, 0.17) and MVit groups (0.15, 95 %CI, - 12, 0.42). The co-ingestion of MVit + N3 provides synergistic affects on HCY, hsCRP, and plasma TG.
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Al-Shaar, Laila, Claire H. Pernar, Andrea K. Chomistek, Eric B. Rimm, Jennifer Rood, Meir J. Stampfer, A. Heather Eliassen, Junaidah B. Barnett, and Walter C. Willett. "Reproducibility, Validity, and Relative Validity of Self-Report Methods for Assessing Physical Activity in Epidemiologic Studies: Findings From the Women’s Lifestyle Validation Study." American Journal of Epidemiology 191, no. 4 (January 5, 2022): 696–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab294.
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Abstract Among 683 participants in the Women’s Lifestyle Validation Study (2010–2012), we evaluated the performance of a self-administered physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) and Web-based 24-hour recalls (Activities Completed Over Time in 24 Hours (ACT24)) using multiple comparison methods. Two PAQs, 4 ACT24s, two 7-day accelerometer measurements, 1 doubly labeled water (DLW) physical activity level (PAL) measure (repeated; n = 90), and 4 resting pulse rate measurements were collected over 15 months. The deattenuated correlation between the PAQ and DLW PAL was 0.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33, 0.49) for total physical activity (PA) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.31, 0.48) for moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). These correlations were similar when using accelerometry as the comparison method. Single and averaged ACT24 measurements had lower correlations with DLW and accelerometry as comparison methods. The PAQ showed inverse correlations with DLW body fat percentage and resting pulse rate. Using the method of triads, the estimated correlation of the PAQ with true total PA was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.62) and that with true MVPA was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.69). For averaged ACT24, the estimated correlations were 0.50 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.59) for total PA and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.58) for MVPA, and for averaged accelerometry, these estimated correlations were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.81) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.71), respectively. The PAQ provided reasonable validity for total PA and MVPA.
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Nguyen Trong, Hung, The Dung Nguyen, and Martin Kappas. "Land Cover and Forest Type Classification by Values of Vegetation Indices and Forest Structure of Tropical Lowland Forests in Central Vietnam." International Journal of Forestry Research 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8896310.
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This paper aims to (i) optimize the application of multiple bands of satellite images for land cover classification by using random forest algorithms and (ii) assess correlations and regression of vegetation indices of a better-performed land cover classification image with vertical and horizontal structures of tropical lowland forests in Central Vietnam. In this study, we used Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 to classify seven land cover classes of which three forest types were substratified as undisturbed, low disturbed, and disturbed forests where forest inventory of 90 plots, as ground-truth, was randomly sampled to measure forest tree parameters. A total of 3226 training points were sampled on seven land cover types. The performance of Landsat-8 showed out-of-bag error of 31.6%, overall accuracy of 68%, kappa of 67.5%, while Sentinel-2 showed out-of-bag error of 14.3% and overall accuracy of 85.7% and kappa of 83%. Ten vegetation indices of the better-performed image were extracted to find out (i) the correlation and regression of horizontal and vertical structures of trees and (ii) assess the variation values between ground-truthing plots and training sample plots in three forest types. The result of the t test on vegetation indices showed that six out of ten vegetation indices were significant at p<0.05. Seven vegetation indices had a correlation with the horizontal structure, but four vegetation indices, namely, Enhanced Vegetation Index, Perpendicular Vegetation Index, Difference Vegetation Index, and Transformed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, had better correlations r = 0.66, 0.65, 0.65, 0.63 and regression results were of R2 = 0.44, 0.43, 0.43, and 0.40, respectively. The correlations of tree height were r = 0.46, 0.43, 0.43, and 0.49 and its regressions were of R2 = 0.21, 0.19, 0.18, and 0.24, respectively. The results show the possibility of using random forest algorithm with Sentinel-2 in forest type classification in line with vegetation indices application.
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Rieu, Max, Eric Revue, Rémi Bonete, and Sébastien Nunez. "Relationships between plasma thyrotropin receptor antibodies and lipid or lipoprotein parameters in Graves' disease." European Journal of Endocrinology 135, no. 1 (July 1996): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350077.
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Rieu M, Revue E, Bonete R, Nunez S. Relationships between plasma thyrotropin receptor antibodies and lipid or lipoprotein parameters in Graves' disease. Eur J Endocrinol 1996:135:77–81. ISSN 0804–4643 Functional thyrotropin receptors (TSH-R) have recently been detected in fat cells but not in liver cells from rat, and it seems that in infant adipocytes stimulatory TSH-R antibodies (TSH-R-ab) act through this receptor pathway, resulting in increased triglyceride catabolism. We investigated the relationships between plasma TSH-R-ab and free thyroxine (FT4) levels and plasma lipid or lipoprotein values in 49 untreated adult women with Graves' disease, all positive for these antibodies. A simple positive correlation (p < 0.01) was found between TSH-R-ab levels and FT4 values (r = 0.40). Simple positive correlations (p < 0.001) were found between triglyceride levels and FT4 (r = 0.51) or TSH-R-ab (r = 0.52) values. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that both FT4 and TSH-R-ab are strong (p < 0.005) predictors of triglyceride (FT4: partial r = 0.40; TSH: partial r = 0.39). Simple negative correlations (p < 0.05, at least) were found between FT4 levels and total cholesterol (TC) (r = −0.45), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C (r = -0.46), apoprotein (apo)-B (r = −0.31) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C (r = −0.55) values. Among these lipid parameters, only HDL-C levels (r = −0.31, p < 0.05) correlated to TSH-R-ab values. However, multiple regression analysis revealed that while FT4 is a strong predictor (p < 0.005) of TC (partial r = −0.42), LDL-C (partial r = −0.43) or HDL-C (partial r = 0.47), TSH-R-ab are not. Thus, the apparent positive relationship between TSH-R-ab and HDL-C results from the positive correlation between TSH-R-ab and FT4. In conclusion, this study suggests that stimulating TSH-R-ab are involved in triglyceride metabolism. In contrast to thyroid hormones, these antibodies seem not to be related to cholesterol metabolism. Max Rieu, Hôpital Saint Michel, 33 rue Olivier de Serres, 75015 Paris, France
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Tan, Y. K., H. Li, J. C. Allen Jr, and J. Thumboo. "AB1133 BACK TO THE BASICS: UNDERSTANDING THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF RHEUMATOID FACTOR AND ANTI-CYCLIC CITRULLINATED PEPTIDE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS FROM A MUSCULOSKELETAL ULTRASOUND PERSPECTIVE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1856–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.171.
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Background:Anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor (RF), especially at high levels have been implicated as poor prognostic factors in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). With musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) being increasingly used for RA joint assessment, it is important to revisit the prognostic potential of these antibodies from an US perspective.Objectives:To study the prognostic value of RF and anti-CCP for poor disease outcomes, by investigating possible associations with US detected joint inflammation and erosion.Methods:In this cross sectional study, US power Doppler (PD) and grey scale (GS) joint inflammation were graded semi-quantitatively (0-3), while bone erosion was scored as either Yes=1 or No=0 at each joint recess. Patients disease activity was classified as either DAS28 <3.2 or DAS28 ≥3.2. Correlations of US variables with antibodies levels were quantified using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Simple linear regression was used to characterize relationships between variables and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine statistically optimal cut-off values for identifying patients subgroups with US erosion scores >25th, >50th and >75th percentiles.Results:1080 joints and 1800 joint recesses from bilateral elbows, wrists, ankles and small joints of the hands and feet were scanned in 30 adult RA patients (76.7% Chinese and 93.3% female). Their baseline mean (SD) DAS28, disease duration, RF and anti-CCP levels were 3.58 (1.20), 70.3 (61.2) months, 142.1(179.0) IU/ml and 135.4(105.3) U/ml, respectively. Table 1 summarizes correlation coefficients of antibody levels with US variables. Among patients with DAS28 <3.2, there were no significant correlations between antibody levels with US variables. Among patients with DAS28 ≥3.2, anti-CCP levels correlated significantly (r=0.46, P=0.048) and were predictive (coefficient (95%CI), 0.028 (0.002, 0.053); R2=0.21; P=0.048) of US erosion scores. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) for anti-CCP levels (table 2) as predictive of patients with US erosion score >7 (75th percentile) was 0.72 (0.26, 0.97). For the anti-CCP level cutpoint of ≥95.2, specificity=53.8%, sensitivity=83.3%, accuracy=63.2%, Negative Predictive Value=87.5% and Positive Predictive Value=45.5%.Table 1.Correlation of RF and anti-CCP levels with ultrasound variablesDAS28<3.2UltrasoundvariablesCorrelationwith RFCorrelationwith anti-CCPCorrelationcoefficient(95% CI)P-valueCorrelationcoefficient(95% CI)P-valueErosion-0.18 (-0.71, 0.47)0.593-0.295 (-0.76, 0.37)0.379PD0.38 (-0.29, 0.80)0.249-0.287 (-0.76, 0.38)0.392GS0.381(-0.28, 0.80)0.247-0.245 (-0.74, 0.42)0.467DAS28≥3.2UltrasoundvariablesCorrelationwith RFCorrelationwith anti-CCPCorrelationcoefficient(95% CI)P-valueCorrelationcoefficient(95% CI)P-valueErosion-0.03 (-0.48, 0.43)0.9080.46 (0.01, 0.76)0.048*PD-0.26 (-0.64, 0.23)0.291-0.34 (-0.69, 0.14)0.157GS-0.01 (-0.46, 0.45)0.9750.03 (-0.44, 0.47)0.921Statistically significant: * p<0.05TABLE 2.ROC analysis of the performance of anti-CCP using various ultrasound erosion score criteriaUltrasound erosion score criterionArea under the ROC Curve (AUC) (95%CI)> 2.25 (25thpercentile)0.57 (0.26, 0.87)> 4.5 (median or 50thpercentile)0.68 (0.40, 0.95)> 7 (75thpercentile)0.72 (0.26, 0.97)11Corresponding Threshold=95.2, Specificity=53.8%, Sensitivity=83.3%, Accuracy=63.2%, NegativePredictive Value=87.5%, Positive Predictive Value=45.5%.Conclusion:The prognostic significance of anti-CCP and RF appears to differ in RA. Specifically, among patients with at least moderate disease activity (DAS28 ≥3.2), anti-CCP - but not RF - is associated with joint damage, being moderately correlated with US detected erosions.References: Nil:Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Alrashed, F., H. Alasfour, and M. Shehab. "P568 Impact of Biologics and Small Molecules for Inflammatory Bowel Disease on COVID-19 Related Hospitalization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): i511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.694.
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Abstract Background The use of biological therapies and small molecules have been a concern for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to assess the association between risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization and these agents. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies from December 2019 to September 2021 was performed to identify studies that reported COVID-19 related hospitalization in IBD patients receiving biological therapies or tofacitinib. The risk ratio (RR) was calculated to compare the relative risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization in patients receiving these medications to those who were not, at the time of the study. Results 18 studies were included. The relative risk of hospitalization was significantly lower in patients with IBD and COVID-19 who were receiving biologic therapy with RR of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.42–0.52, p < 0.00001). The RR was lower in patients receiving anti-TNFs compared to those who did not [RR= 0.48 (95% CI: 0.41–0.55, p < 0.00001)]. Similar finding was observed in patients taking ustekinumab [RR= 0.55 (95% CI: 0.43–0.72, p < 0.00001)]. Combination therapy of anti-TNF and an immunomodulator did not lower the risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization [RR= 0.98 (95% CI: 0.82–1.18, p =0.84]. The use of vedolizumab [RR= 1.13 (95% CI: 0.75–1.73, p =0.56] and tofacitinib [RR= 0.81 (95% CI: 0.49–1.33, p =0.40] was not associated with lower risk of COVID-19 related hospitalization. Conclusion Regarding COVID-19 related hospitalization in IBD, anti-TNFs and ustekinumab were associated with decreased risk of hospitalization. In addition, vedolizumab and tofacitinib were not associated with COVID-19 related hospitalization.
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Yasa, I. Wayan, I D G Jaya Negara, and Ni Kadek Asri R W. "MODEL EKSPERIMENTAL LIMPASAN PERMUKAAN PADA PERKERASAN PAVING BLOCK DENGAN PENAMBAHAN RUMPUT ANTAR PAVING." PADURAKSA: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Universitas Warmadewa 9, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/pd.9.1.1677.87-101.
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Pemanfaat perkerasan semakin meningkat sebagai dampak dari berkembangnya perkotaan. Perkerasan permukaan lahan sangat berpengaruh pada meningkatnya limpasan permukaan. Limpasan permukaan yang terjadi akan mengakibatkan terjadinya banjir dan genangan jika sistem drainasenya tidak baik. Penggunaan perkerasan yang mampu mengurangi limpasan sangat diperluka, untuk mengurangi terjadinya banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh permukaan lahan terhadap nilai koefisien limpasan permukaan (C). Material permukaan yang digunakan yaitu berupa paving block dengan penambahan rumput antar paving block. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat rainfall simulator. Penelitian ini menggunakan paving block berbentuk bata ukuran 20 x 10 x 8 cm dengan variasi pola pemasangan susun bata dan anyaman tikar yang dikombinasikan dengan rumput gajah mini dengan perbandingan campuran 75% : 25%. Pengukuran yang dilakukan yaitu pengukuran intensitas hujan, volume limpasan, dan koefisien limpasan permukaan (C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan rumput gajah mini memberikan pengaruh terhadap nilai koefisien limpasan permukaan. Pada paving block tanpa penambahn rumput gajah mini memiliki nilai koefisien yang lebih besar. Koefisien limpasan yang dihasilkan diantaranya : tanah nilai koefisien limpasannya yaitu berkisar 0.39 - 0.44, paving block susun bata koefisien limpasannya berkisar 0.42 - 0.46 , paving block anyam tikar berkisar 0.41- 0.45, paving block pola susun bata dengan penambahan rumput gajah mini koefisien limpasan berkisar 0.40 - 0.45, dan paving block pola anyaman tikar dengan penambahan rumput gajah mini koefisien limpasan berkisar 0.36 - 0.41.
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SODAMADE, A. "ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT POTENTIAL, MINERAL CONTENT AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF Thaumatococcus daniellii LEAF PROTEIN CONCENTRATES." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 22, no. 22 (December 20, 2014): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v22.n22.2014.64_revista2014.pdf.
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Freshly harvested Thaumatococcos daniellii, was plucked and processed for its vegetable leaf protein concentrates with a view to evaluate its proximate constituents, amino acid content and mineral composition. Proximate analysis was determined using standard analytical technique. The nutrient composition of the protein concentrates revealed; the moisture content (9.94±0.01), crude fat (6.69±0.23), crude fibre (13.06 ±_0.17), crude protein (52.07 ± 0.20), ash (15.10 ± 0.13) and Carbohydrate (1.12±0.43). The mineral content of the sample indicated that Ca, Mg, K, and Na are the most abundant minerals with the following values Na;70.6±0.42,Ca;19. 70±0.28, K; 90.3±0.42, Mg; 103.9±0. 76, other minerals that were presentin the sample in trace concentration are Fe(2.00 ± 0.46), Zn (2.90± 1.06), Mn (2.50± 0.12), Cu (0.2± 0.58), Pb (0.1± 0.44), while selenium were not detected in the sample indicating that the leaf concentrate is fit for dietary consumption. The amino acid profile reveals favourable nutritional balance with the presence of essential and nonessential amino acids except that tryptophan which was believed to be predominant in animal protein was not detected.
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Vier, Carine M., Steve S. Dritz, Fangzhou Wu, Mike D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Márcio A. D. Gonçalves, Uislei A. D. Orlando, and Jason C. Woodworth. "Effects of standardized total tract digestible phosphorus on growth performance of 11- to 23-kg pigs fed diets with or without phytase1,2." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 10 (August 2, 2019): 4032–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz255.
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Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD P) requirement for 11- to 23-kg nursery pigs fed diets with or without phytase. A total of 1,080 and 2,140 pigs (PIC 359 × Camborough, Hendersonville, TN; initially 11.4 ± 0.29 and 11.1 ± 0.24 kg) were used in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively. There were 23 to 27 pigs per pen with 6 and 12 replicate pens per treatment in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively. After weaning, pigs were fed a common pelleted diet with 0.45% STTD P for 7 d, and a common phase 2 meal diet with 0.40% STTD P for 14 d in Exp. 1 and 18 d in Exp. 2. Pens of pigs were then allotted to dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with body weight (BW) as the blocking factor. In Exp. 1, dietary treatments consisted of 0.26%, 0.30%, 0.33%, 0.38%, 0.43%, 0.48%, and 0.53% STTD P. Treatments were achieved with the inclusion of monocalcium phosphate at the expense of corn. In Exp. 2, diets contained 1,000 phytase units (FYT; Ronozyme Hiphos 2500, DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ) with assumed release value 0.132% STTD P, and treatments consisted of 0.30%, 0.33%, 0.38%, 0.43%, 0.48%, 0.53%, and 0.58% STTD P. These STTD P concentrations included the expected phytase release of 0.132% STTD P. In both experiments, a similar 1.17:1 Ca:P ratio was maintained across treatments. Statistical models included linear model (LM), quadratic polynomial (QP), broken-line linear (BLL), and broken-line quadratic (BLQ). In Exp. 1, increasing STTD P increased (linear, P < 0.001) ADG, ADFI, G:F, final BW, and grams of STTD P intake per day and per kilogram of gain. There was also a marginal quadratic response for G:F (P < 0.066). In Exp. 2, ADG and G:F increased quadratically (P < 0.05), whereas ADFI increased linearly (P = 0.060) with increasing STTD P. The BLL and QP model provided similar fit to G:F in Exp. 1, estimating the requirement for maximum G:F at 0.34% and 0.42%, respectively. The BLL was the best fitting model for ADG and G:F in Exp. 2, estimating the breakpoint at 0.40% and 0.37% STTD P, respectively. The BLL and BLQ models estimated the breakpoint for ADG as a function of STTD P intake in grams per day at 2.92 and 3.02 g/d, respectively. These data provide empirical evidence that for 11- to 23-kg pigs, the NRC (2012) accurately estimates the STTD P requirement on a g/d basis. As a percentage of the diet, the STTD P requirement for diets without or with 1,000 FYT added phytase ranged from 0.34% to 0.42%.
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Ebarb, Sara, Richard Faris, Junmei Zhao, Sabrina Williams, and Kathryn Price. "153 Impacts of two energy sources (modified soy oil and medium chain triglycerides) on growth performance and health of nursery pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.161.
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Abstract This study evaluated the effects of a modified soy oil (MSO) in diets with or without medium chain triglycerides from palm kernel oil (MCT). The study utilized 1,840 pigs (~19 d of age; 5.4 ± 0.2 kg), 10 pens/treatment, and ~22 pigs/pen. Two barns were blocked separately by pen location and randomly allocated to treatments. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 4 factorial utilizing diets containing one of four levels of MSO (0, 0.15, 0.25, or 0.40%) and two levels of MCT [without vs with (0.50% d 0 to 7; 0.25% d 7 to 41)]. Pen weights were obtained on d 0, 7, 23, and 41 post-weaning, mortalities and removals were tracked, and growth performance parameters were calculated. Constructed contrasts were: linear and quadratic main effects of MSO, main effect of MCT, and all possible interactions. Overall (d 0 to 41), there was a quadratic interaction (P < 0.01) between MSO and MCT for G:F (without MCT: 0.78, 0.78, 0.79, 0.76; with MCT: 0.78, 0.77, 0.78, 0.78 kg/kg). For growth performance parameters, no other interactions were significant (P > 0.10). Addition of MSO linearly increased (P < 0.01) d 41 BW (19.8, 20.3, 20.5, 20.8 kg), ADG (0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37 kg/d), and ADFI (0.43, 0.46, 0.45, 0.48 kg/d). Including MCT in diets reduced (P < 0.05) d 41 BW (20.6, 20.1 kg), ADG (0.36, 0.35 kg/d), and ADFI (0.46, 0.45 kg/d). Probability of resulting in mortality and removals was linearly reduced (P < 0.01; 13.0, 8.2, 9.5, 6.6%) as MSO increased in the diet. A tendency for a linear interaction (P < 0.10) for probability of receiving injectable antibiotics was observed. The addition of MSO improved growth performance and health parameters, while MCT reduced the growth performance and did not impact health parameters of nursery pigs.
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Hu, L., D. Gao, Y. MA, Y. Wang, X. Ji, and F. Huang. "POS1481-HPR SEXUAL EXPERIENCE IN MALE PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: RESULTS FROM A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF 113 PATIENTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1025.1–1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1470.
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Background:The expression and experience of sexuality is a key part of an individual self-identity1, so it is essential for both healthy individuals and patients. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may be susceptible to sexual issues due to disease activity, dysfunction and comorbid emotional problems. However, sexuality, especially sexual experience, are rarely paid attention in patients with AS.Objectives:Our study aims to assess sexual experience in male patients with AS, and analyze the factors affecting sexual experience.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 113 patients with AS and 46 healthy people were investigated, matched according to age and body mass index. The Sexual Experience Questionnaire is used to assess male sexual experience. Linear regression analysis is used to explore the contributions of clinical variables to worse sexual experience.Results:There is a significant difference in the total sexual experience score between AS patients and healthy controls (41.92±8.83 vs 46.98±8.10, P=0.0013). Also, patients with AS have a worse score in all dimensions of sexual experience, including erectile function, individual satisfaction and couple satisfaction, comparing to healthy people. In the regression model after controlling for the effects of age, disease duration and body mass index, disease activity (BASDAI), function (BASFI), mobility (BASMI, chest expansion and finger-floor distance), health index (ASAS HI), sleep quality (PSQI) and psychological status (HADS, HADS-A and HADS-D) are significant determinants of sexual experience, including erectile function (except for chest expansion), individual satisfaction (except for BASMI) and couple satisfaction (except for BASMI). See Table 1 for details.Table 1.Multivariable regression analysis of association between sexual experience and clinical outcomesIndependentSexual experience total scoreErectile functionIndividual satisfactionCouple satisfactionβ (95%CI)Pβ (95%CI)Pβ (95%CI)Pβ (95%CI)PPain total-0.09 (-0.25, 0.07)0.28-0.27 (-0.58, 0.03)0.073-0.51 (-0.91, -0.100.014-0.15 (-0.32, 0.02)0.077BASDAI1.35 (-2.24, -0.45)0.003-0.42 (-0.75, -0.09)0.014-0.72 (-1.16, -0.28)0.001-0.21 (-0.40, -0.02)0.028BASFI-1.80 (-2.59, -1.01)<0.001-0.62 (-0.91, -0.32)<0.001-0.89 (-1.28, -0.50)<0.001-0.30 (-0.47, -0.13)0.001BASMI-1.04 (-2.01, -0.07)0.036-0.47 (-0.82, -0.12)0.008-0.48 (-0.96, 0.001)0.051-0.09 (-0.29, 0.12)0.413Chest expansion1.60 (0.24, 2.96)0.0210.50 (-0.004, 0.99)0.0520.74 (0.07, 1.42)0.0320.36 (0.08, 0.64)0.011Finger-floor distance-0.20 (-0.33, -0.07)0.003-0.07 (-0.11, -0.02)0.009-0.10 (-0.17, -0.03)0.003-0.04 (-0.06, -0.01)0.011ASAS HI-1.27 (-1.64, -0.91)<0.001-0.42 (-0.55, -0.28)<0.001-0.62 (-0.80, -0.43)<0.001-0.24 (-0.32, -0.16)<0.001PSQI-0.60 (-1.11, -0.09)0.021-0.19 (-0.38, -0.004)0.045-0.28 (-0.54, -0.03)0.03-0.13 (-0.23, -0.02)0.019HADS-0.53 (-0.76, -0.29)<0.001-0.18 (-0.27, -0.09)<0.001-0.24 (-0.36, -0.13)<0.001-0.10 (-0.15, -0.05)<0.001HADS-A-0.86 (-1.30, -0.42)<0.001-0.28 (-0.44, -0.12)0.001-0.42 (-0.63, -0.20)<0.001-0.17 (-0.26, -0.07)<0.001HADS-D-0.99 (-1.45, -0.53)<0.001-0.35 (-0.52, -0.19)<0.001-0.44 (-0.67, -0.21)<0.001-0.20 (-0.29, -0.10)<0.001Conclusion:Worse sexual experience is associated with increased disease activity, decreased function, poor mobility, decreased health index, poor sleep quality and psychological status. Therefore, special attention to worse sexual experience in patients with AS is essential to assess disease-related suffering and develop new patient management strategies.References:[1]Hill J, Bird H, Thorpe R. Effects of rheumatoid arthritis on sexual activity and relationships. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2003. 42(2):280-6.Disclosure of Interests:None declared