Journal articles on the topic '專業工作'
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甘, 炳光. "「去權」與「充權」： 社工專業本質的反思." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 48, no. 01n02 (January 2014): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246214000072.
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本文主要提出專業其實蘊藏着「去權」的本質。 很多人以為社工是一個令服務對象充權的專業，但是，若社工忽略了專業的「去權」本質，社工會不一定發揮充權的功能，反而也會產生去權的結果。 因此，本文旨在探討這個去權本質對社工專業的影響。 當社工邁向專業化的時候，我們更需留意這個問題。 本文建議若社工專業要實踐充權的目標和功能，社工要多反思及警醒專業的去權本質，更需要清楚界定社工專業的特性，找出社會工作專業與其他專業不同的地方。
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梁, 建雄. "從寫工到寫功：論專業文書工作對社工的重要性." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 54, no. 01n02 (January 2020): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246220000108.
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作為一個以「執行」與「實踐」為主的專業，社會工作主要是以不同的介入手段，促成人或事情的改變；而為了保障我們的工作合符專業規範與水平，並且向服務資助方說明我們工作的專業性與價值，完善與具質素的文書紀錄、例如方案書、個案紀錄和計劃報告等，對社工都有重要的價值。或者因為文書工作的數量一直在增加，近年社工界興起的反管理主義討論中，文書工作就被認定為管理主義的標誌。而作為一位資深公務員社工，本文作者以日常工作經驗和反思，說明了文書工作對社工的確切重要性，並且提出改進相關能力的意見，以供同業參考。
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關, 志健, 惠敏 劉, and 彥霖 李. "中觀介入：與商界攜手促進職場共融." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 54, no. 01n02 (January 2020): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246220000078.
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單靠社工一己之力，我們往往不足以促進服務使用者的福祉，所以跨專業合作已成大勢所趨。雖然商界在現今社會扮演重要角色，社工和商界的合作卻不多。本文基於「中觀介入」的概念，探討如何有效與商界合作，令社會達致職場共融。透過整理社工實務經驗，我們提出與商界合作，必須懂得「雙贏」之道。而洽商合作時，社工要運用溝通策略，靈活變通；透過我們專業的表現，贏取商界信任。社工在「中觀」層面加強與商界聯繫，再配合「微觀」和「宏觀」的介入，可幫助企業邁向傷健共融的目標，最終令殘疾人士受惠。
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甘, 炳光. "社會工作的「社會」涵義：重拾社會工作中的社會本質." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 44, no. 01 (January 2010): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246210000045.
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本文旨在檢視爲何社會工作被稱爲社會工作，以及甚麽是社會工作中的「社會」涵義。回顧社會工作的發展，社會工作實務愈來愈走向個人輔導及治療模式的發展，而漸漸忘記了或忽略了關注社會改變、社會改革及社會公義的目標。本文嘗試討論若社會工作只強調個人轉變及個人治療，是否應該還被稱爲社會工作？社會工作理應也強調其「社會」本質及目標。社會工作專業應該重拾「社會」目標，重新理解及關注社會工作的真正「社會」涵義。本文首先討論社會工作邁向個人導向與治療化的趨勢及其原因，然後提出將社工專業回歸「社會」本質的重要，更列出社工所要包含的六點「社會」涵義或元素。最後建議在社工專業實踐、社工專業發展及社工教育中如何推動重新認識社會工作的「社會」本質及實踐其社會目標。 This article examines why social work is called by its name and what the "social" of social work is. The review of the development of social work has found that social work practice has put more emphasis on individual treatment and clinical therapies, and has increasingly neglected the aim of advancing social change, social reform and social justice. This article aims to discuss if social work only focuses on individual change and treatment, should it be still called by this name? Social work should also focus on its social goals. The social work profession needs to revive its social goals and identify the meaning of its social nature. This article begins with discussing the trend of therapeutisation of social work and the reasons behind, then examines the importance of realigning the profession with its social nature and identifies the six social dimensions of social work. It suggests how to promote the understanding of the social of social work and the achievement of its social goals with regard to the aspects of social work practice, the development of the social work profession and social work education.
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謝, 澤憲. "用社會工作精神突破社會工作教育的困境—廣東商學院社會工作系教改案例." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 40, no. 01n02 (January 2006): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924620600009x.
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YUNG, Dicken. "Leadership in Recreation for Special Populations in the 21st Century." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 3, no. 2 (December 1, 1997): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.31193.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract in Chinese only.現今社會對傷殘人士的觀點及態度都與廿多年前有很大的改變。本文章試探討特殊康樂在社會上的角色及其領導工作的必備條件，讓我們能更有效率地推行特殊康樂活動。而作者從過往累積的經驗，與讀者分享其要領：計有個人興趣及承諾、認同供求能力、創新意念、服務工作質素、建議、善用體康專業及義務工作者、有效的工作小組、及對政治的機智。
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甘, 炳光. "社區工作: 意義重塑與展望." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 45, no. 01n02 (January 2011): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246211000052.
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社區工作是社會工作的三大介入方法之一，但是，近代社會工作的發展愈來愈走向治療化的趨勢，逐漸遺忘了或忽略了社區工作在社會工作實踐的重要性。西方學者己提出社會工作專業不可以只著重個人、家庭及小組工作的發展，更不應只熱衷於輔導及治療模式的運用，而要重拾社區工作的意義。本文嘗試討論爲何社會工作需要包含社區工作方法，重塑社區工作在社會工作實務的意義； 包括：(一) 彰顯社會工作的 「社會」 本質和涵義； (二) 社區被視爲服務對象； (三) 加上宏觀角度及介入手法； (四) 善用和發動社區資源； (五) 展現社會工作的倡導角色； (六) 發揮社會工作去促進社會改變的功能； 及(七) 抗衡專業化帶來的負面影響。本文亦會檢視社會轉變所帶來的挑戰，展望社區工作需要發展的方向。 Community work is one of the three basic social work intervention methods. However, recent developments in social work emphasize clinical practices and increasingly neglect the importance of community work practice. Western scholars have already pointed out that the focus of the social work profession on developing interventions and practices for individuals, families, and social groups as well as counseling and therapeutic models needs to be complemented by reclaiming an emphasis on community work. This article examines why social work should include community work and discusses the following meanings of community work in social work: (1) making clear the social of social work; (2) community regarded as a target group; (3) inclusion of macro perspective and practice; (4) the effective use of community resources; (5) unfolding the advocacy role of community work; (6) fulfilling the function of promoting social change; and (7) counteracting the negative effects of professionalization. This article also discusses the challenges brought about by social changes to social work and suggests the future directions for community work.
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林, 昭寰, 達裕 游, 志強 朱, and 傳孫 梁. "香港社會工作論壇: 網上社區工作的經驗與反思." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 45, no. 01n02 (January 2011): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246211000064.
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楊, 家正, 嘉儀 曾, 少玲 梁, and 國溪 陳. "提升個案記錄技巧，優化服務質素." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 50, no. 01n02 (January 2016): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246216000073.
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Kang (康庭瑜), Tingyu. "Diasporic Sociality Online: A Rising ict-dependent Networking Culture and Its Work-life Boundaries (傳播科技與工作/生活界線：離散專業工作者的脈絡)." Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 11, no. 2 (September 22, 2017): 230–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-01102004.
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This research examines the role of icts (Information and Communication Technologies) in blurring work-leisure boundaries among a recent wave of Chinese migrants in Britain, identifying a rising mode of ict-mediated diasporic sociality. In particular, it examines an emerging ict-sustained after-work culture that extends their labor process into the leisure setting. Based on in-depth interviews and participant observation, the findings demonstrate how the limited human and social capital Chinese migrants possess encourages them to seek help for work and building client relationships within co-ethnic social ties through leisure events in non-working hours. This type of after-hours labor is discursively constructed as leisure and is characterized by its ict-savvy sociality. 本文指出一種由傳播科技中介的新興離散社群社交形式，分析傳播科技如何在新一代的中國移民中模糊他們工作與休閒的界線。透過訪談與參與觀察，本文的研究發現指出中國專業工作者由於其移民的經驗而有較為受限的人力資本和社會資本，這使得他們傾向利用非勞動工時在同族裔的專業工作者之中尋求社會資本。這些下班後的離散社交實踐具有幾種特點，包括：將勞動包裝為休閒並延伸至消費主義式的場景中、傳播科技在這些社交實踐之中的象徵性功能、以及扁平化的資訊傳播結構。 (This article is in English).
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鄭, 佩芬. "虛擬科技在培育高齡友善素養之同理能力上的應用構想." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 54, no. 01n02 (January 2020): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924622000008x.
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依據社會暨人口發展趨勢，未來社會除了人口結構偏移外，世代差距以及多元化趨勢都將不斷增大，使得可能肩負提供高齡友善服務的年輕世代難以同理高齡長者的需求與困境，既無法換位思考，自然也缺乏具體投入高齡服務的綜融素養。素養導向的學習以學生為本且強調問題的解決，並重視對於情境的理解。本論文從經驗學習的脈絡出發，旨在嘗試藉由虛擬科技以培育高齡友善服務人才的同理能力，培育的人才對象不只社會工作，更可涵括照護服務，甚至擴大及於住宅設計、交通運輸等等所有食衣住行面向，凡與高齡友善環境創建關聯者皆然，甚且期待能促使不同專業背景的高齡服務人才得以藉此形成跨域合作的可能。模型構思的想像與框視主要涵括以下三大軸線：1.專業素養培育，主要為專業領域的價值/態度、知識及技術；2.虛擬科技融滲，包括虛擬科技運用以及資訊共創，並能反思科技運用服務倫理議題等；3.高齡服務層次，包括透過科技運用促使經驗高齡者生活情境，以及實驗服務歷程等。
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CHIN, Ming Kai. "Connection of the New Education Reform and the 2002 Physical Education Immersion Program (Jiangsu - China) of The Hong Kong Institute of Education: Reflections and Suggestions." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2003): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.91284.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.Primary and secondary physical education teachers play an important role in the education reform, which emphasizes on the holistic development and life-long learning. The 2002 Physical Education Immersion Program (Jiangsu-China), organized by The Hong Kong Institute of Education, provided an opportunity for physical education students to improve their teaching and sports skills through interaction with staff and students from Inland China. This paper describes the objectives, contents, and assessments of the outcomes of the program. By examining and comparing the current curriculum structures and teaching strategies in physical education between Hong Kong and Inland China through this experience, the author looks forward to the change of the future of physical education in Hong Kong with reflections and suggestions. The aim of these changes is to improve the physical education curriculum and teaching strategies in order to better meet the needs of the current education reform that is occurring in Hong Kong, Inland China and world-wide.中、小學體育敎師在全面實施素質敎育，培養具有創新精神和實踐能力的新型人材中扮演著重要的角色。高等師範院校體育敎育專業則是培養和訓練這支跨世紀新型體育師資隊伍的搖籃。如何在體育敎育專業的敎學大綱和課程設置中體現實踐的重要性，創造機會讓學生走出課堂，通過觀摩、交流和實踐的手段來提高其敎學能力，是關係到能否培養出適應未來挑戰的中小學體育師資的關鍵。本文介紹了香港敎育學院體育及運動科學系舉辦的首次體育沉浸課程(Immersion Program)(中國-江蘇)2002交流活動，並就該課程的目標、內容、效果進行了分析，及在對香港中、小學體育敎學的現狀與內地的體育敎學進行了比較後，作者探討了香港體育敎育專業敎學改革的方向，並提出了一些可行的建議，以供香港體育工作者參考。
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葉, 錦成. "能耐爲本的精神病暴力理解與介入." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 38, no. 01n02 (January 2004): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924620400004x.
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一般來說，有精神病暴力紀錄的案主往往是令社會工作人員和專業人士最感頭痛的一群。工作人員往往覺得他們無法溝通、瞭解和建立關係，最後只能以控制、禁錮和強迫服藥作爲介入手法。其實在能耐取向的介入手法下，不少的研究都指出，精神分裂的症狀，如幻像、幻聽、妄想都是可以理解的，而暴力行爲也是可以預知的，並與妄想病人經驗支持系統有關。作者更以一實例顯示如何幫助案主建立互信和溝通讓他們發展所長、重返社會。 Clients with psychosis and record of violence has long been a challenge for social work interventions. Workers tend to insert social control by involuntary hospitalization and medical treatment. Based on a strengths perspective and by means of a case illustration, this paper shows that clients' delusion and hallucination are meaningful. Violent behaviours and outbreaks are predictable and related with stress in clients' psychosocial environments. Once their capabilities and strengths are properly developed, they can recover and enjoy a normal life as other persons in the society.
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葉珍玲, 葉珍玲, and 許添明 Chen-Lin Yeh. "偏鄉學校變革之挑戰教育優先區─成功專案推動歷程研究." 彰化師大教育學報 35, no. 35 (December 2020): 001–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/181983092020120035001.
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<p>本研究以參與「教育優先區─成功專案」之四個區19所國中小為研究對象，透過文件分析及質性訪談，分析成功專案籌備及實施第一年期間（2014至2015年）在四個區的運作情況。研究旨在探討專案學校如何推動成功專案、剖析成功專案在多大程度上促進改變，及阻礙改變產生的因素。研究發現區計畫書的經費配置取決於規劃者對基本學力的重視程度，區計畫書規劃策略深受學校行政教學分工及教育優先區計畫執行經驗之影響。成功專案在區層級所產生的改變為促進區內學校的交流與對話，在學校層級觀察到的改變則是調整補救教學實施和促進弱勢家長參與策略。缺乏行政權、共同討論時間和整合經驗，及人員流動是啟動與維持區變革之挑戰。本研究提出四項建議：（1）以提升學生基本學力為國中小整合主軸，發展行政人員課程領導能力；（2）引進結構化的補救教學模式，搭配與現場教學工作銜接的培訓課程，提升教師分析學生學習成效及差異化教學知能；（3）建立區內及校內行政人員與教師對話討論機制；（4）提供討論的鷹架與專業伴隨，以提升專案的綜效。</p> <p> </p><p>Since 1996, Taiwan has been implementing the Educational Priority Areas (EPA) Program to reduce the achievement gaps between students in different regions. However, according to the results from PISA, TIMSS, PILRS and the Basic Competence Test, the achievement gap has widened between urban and rural students over time. The Taiwanese Ministry of Education piloted the ""Success Program"" from 2014 to 2017, an experimental program in order to reform the EPA Program. This study sought to investigate the implementation of the Success Program. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 school principals, division heads and teachers recruited from participating schools and utilized content analysis to analyze challenges, difficulties and compromises during the first two years of implementation. The purpose was to explore the extent to which the Success Program promoted educational change, the advantages and limitations of zone-based intervention, as well as the factors hindering educational change. Suggestions are provided for improving area-based intervention. Results: The results indicate that the Success Program facilitated inter-school cooperation among elementary teachers at the zone level. Besides, the adjustment of remedial teaching and parental involvement strategies were observed at the school level. However, no change was found at the classroom level. In addition, there was a goal displacement at the school level. In terms of zone integration, lacking of administrative power, short of discussion time, insufficient collaboration skills as well as high teacher turnover rate were main challenges of initiating and sustaining educational change. Policy recommendations: (1) Cultivating instructional leaders and concentrating the focus of zone integration on basic competences. (2) Providing instructional guidance and introducing school-based workshops to strengthen instructional practices. (3) Establishing the discussion mechanism between the administrative team and teachers. (4) Providing scaffolding and expert consultations to support collaborative discussions.</p> <p> </p>
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秦, 炳傑, 沃聰 陳, and 之灝 鄭. "香港推展復和公義的探討." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 41, no. 01n02 (January 2007): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924620700006x.
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The most conspicuous change in Hong Kong juvenile justice in recent decades is to divert the offenders from the courts by relaxing the use of the Police Superintendent Discretion Scheme. Nevertheless, the fundamentals of the traditional criminal justice system remain unchanged. Hong Kong has not yet incorporated restorative justice into the criminal justice system. The article discusses restorative justice and explores the feasibility of its adoption in Hong Kong. The authors argue that restorative justice can benefit Hong Kong and professionals can adopt it in our everyday work before formal restorative justice is supported. 香港青少年司法在近數十年最顯著的改變是加强了警司警誡令的運用，讓更多違法青少年得到分流處理，不需要一一予以刑事審理。然而，傳統的刑事司法系統的基礎卻沒有根本改變。香港刑事司法制度現時還未正式引進復和公義。文章探討復和公義和其應用在香港的可行性。作者認爲復和公義的引進能使香港社會得益。在未獲政府正式支持前，專業人士仍然能在他們日常工作中善用復和公義來發揮它的作用。
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CHEUNG, SANDRA OI-NGOR. "ENHANCING STUDENTS' LEARNING IN SOCIAL WORK FIELD PRACTICUM." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 49, no. 01n02 (January 2015): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246215000042.
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Social work education comprises an indispensable part ߝ the field practicum, as revealed in the curricula of social work degree programmes all over the world. Here the question is about the positivist curriculum design and fieldwork assessment, which reduces human understanding to matters of technicality. There is a growing discussion about the reflective paradigm – practice wisdom – in human professions, which may be deemed to be more desirable for accommodating the nature of social work practice. A four-dimension framework is developed for the epistemological understanding of practice wisdom, in order to guide research on unravelling how practice teachers exercise pedagogical practice wisdom in advancing students' learning. The findings reveal student factor that might hinder or facilitate practice teachers in bringing pedagogical practice wisdom to their teaching. Implications for those concerned with the enhancement of students' learning in social work field practicum, particularly social work educators, are discussed. 實習是全球社會工作訓練的核心一環，實証主義為本的課程設計及實習評估被受質疑。近年，另一個知識樣式 —— 實務智慧，於人本專業被廣泛討論。它較能兼容社會工作實務特性。作者建立一個四維知識概念架構，展示對實務智慧的理解，並研究實習導師如何使用教學實務智慧，從而為學生帶來良好學習。本文討論一些可促進或阻礙實習導師使用教學實務智慧的學生因素，目的是促進學生在實務上的學習。
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武, 婉嫻. "Book Review: "社會工作跨境專業督導 — 山東經驗", 馬麗莊、吳麗端、區潔蓮." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 48, no. 01n02 (January 2014): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246214000096.
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HSIAO, Hung En. "醫療的人性關懷——對生命的敬畏." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.51436.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.“醫乃仁術”為中國歷來醫學之理念，“仁心仁術”更是當今醫療化之社會的期望﹔只是“仁心仁術”不能僅為一份善意，必要表顯於實際行動的對待，而醫療實踐的關鍵即在於生理、病理客觀呈現之“疾病”(disease) 的查察與個體 (individual) 或作為一位格實在之個人 (person) 主觀感受之病痛 (illness) 觀照此二面相 (dimension) 的綜合，而醫師的診斷或診療也就在此一綜合上的成就。另一方面，在當今醫療社會化的處境下， 整個社會對醫學的倚賴已不僅是個人之病症的解除，而且及於價值判斷的化約為醫師專業的診斷，某些一般人所面對的棘手問題（尤其是心理、精神方面的問題）都歸到了醫學的專業判斷上！這更是加重了醫學專業明辨的社會責任與對公共利益的觀護之承擔。由之，我們不難感受到，我們需要的是一個敬畏生命、熱愛生命、具人性關懷的醫學與社會醫療， 而不僅是一個醫療化的社會！我們希望面對的醫者是一個活生生、有熱度的人，而不僅是一名技術高起的專業工匠罷了！Practicing in deeds is historically one of the basic ideas of Chinese medicine. Benevolence entertained at heart and practiced in deeds is even more at present the expectance of today’s socialized medical treatment system. Yet, benevolence entertained at heart and practiced in deeds can not merely be a good will, it has to present itself on the treatment of practical acts. The key point of medical practice exists in the synthesis of viewing the two dimensions of examining the objectively presenting physiological and pathological diseases and interpreting the subjectively perceiving illnesses of an individual patient – a person, that is. The diagnosis and treatment by a doctor are also based on the achievement by this synthesis. Furthermore, in the situations of socialized medical treatment today, the dependence on medicine of the whole society is not only to relieve symptoms of a disease, but also to reach the judgment of values that is reduced to the diagnosis of medical professionals. Some of the thorny problems that people will face, especially the psychological and psychiatric ones, belong to the judgments of medical professionals. The burden of social responsibility is added to the medical professions when one thinks carefully and clearly about public interests. Hence, it is not difficult for us to feel that what we need is the medicine and medical treatments of a society which is life-revering, life-loving and people-caring, not a solely medically-treated society. We hope the doctor we visit is a caring and amiable medical professional, not merely a professional technician with exceptional skills.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 45 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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LIU, Sun Lam. "Reflection of the Development of Physical Education Subject in Hong Kong and the Way Forward." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2000): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.61245.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.In the past Physical Education (PE) was considered as a "non-professional subject" that any one could teach. However, in the late 80's it became a subject that can only be taught by "professional" PE teachers. That is, only teachers who had received training in PE can teach PE. Further changes came when PE became a HKCEE subject in the 1990s. The whole process has gone through a long and winding journey. Today, PE is still not being considered as an important subject in many Hong Kong schools. However, if all the PE teachers can work closely together and persist in providing quality teaching, PE would have a brilliant future in Hong Kong.過去，體育曾經是一科任何老師均可任敎的「閒科」，直至八十年代後期開始發展成為本港最早規定任敎老師必須曾經接受認可體育專業訓練的科目，並且更於九十年代發展成為中學會考的科目，這一切都不是一蹴而就的易事。雖然目前仍然有很多學校不甚重視體育，令到不少本來充滿敎學熱誠的老師感到心灰意冷。但事實上體育敎師對學生的影響力卻仍然是非常深遠和重大的，因此體育敎師必須團結自重，繼續在各自的工作崗位上發熱和發光。只要大家不退縮、不放棄、堅持在惡劣的環境下去做好份內的工作，相信本港的體育仍然是充滿希望和生機的。
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SPARROW, Robert, and Joshua HATHERLEY. "人工智能醫學應用的前景與風險." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 17, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.171678.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.人工智能（ＡＩ）將如何促進人類的醫療保健？如果我們擔心人工智能介入醫療的風險，我們又應該關注什麽呢？本文試圖概述此類問題，並對人工智能介入醫療的風險與希望作一個初步評價。人工智能作為一種研究工具和診斷工具具有巨大的潛力，特別是在基因組學和公共衛生領域中。人工智能在醫療中的廣泛使用可能還會對醫療系統的組織方式和商業實踐產生深刻的影響，而這些影響的方式與程度還沒有被充分認識到。在人工智能醫學的熱情擁護者看來，應用人工智能可以幫助醫生集中精力在對他們和病人而言真正重要的問題上。然而，本文將論證這些樂觀的判斷是基於對現代醫療環境下機構和經濟運行規則的一些不合情理的假設之上。本文將聚焦於如下一 些重要議題：大資料中的隱私、監管和偏見，過分信任機器的風險，透明度問題，醫療專業人士的“去技能化”問題，人工智能重塑醫療保健的方式，以及人工智能對醫療保健中權力分配的影響。其中有兩個關鍵的問題尤其值得哲學家和生命倫理學家的進一步關注。第一，當醫生不僅需要處理人而且需要處理資料的時候，醫療實踐會呈現出什麽樣的形態？第二，在醫療決策權衡中，我們應該给予來自機器的意見以多大的權重？What does Artificial Intelligence (AI) have to contribute to health care? And what should we be looking out for if we are worried about its risks? In this paper we offer a survey, and initial evaluation, of hopes and fears about the applications of artificial intelligence in medicine. AI clearly has enormous potential as a research tool, in genomics and public health especially, as well as a diagnostic aid. It’s also highly likely to impact on the organisational and business practices of healthcare systems in ways that are perhaps under-appreciated. Enthusiasts for AI have held out the prospect that it will free physicians up to spend more time attending to what really matters to them and their patients. We will argue that this claim depends upon implausible assumptions about the institutional and economic imperatives operating in contemporary healthcare settings. We will also highlight important concerns about privacy, surveillance, and bias in big data, as well as the risks of over trust in machines, the challenges of transparency, the deskilling of healthcare practitioners, the way AI reframes healthcare, and the implications of AI for the distribution of power in healthcare institutions. We will suggest that two questions, in particular, are deserving of further attention from philosophers and bioethicists. What does care look like when one is dealing with data as much as people? And, what weight should we give to the advice of machines in our own deliberations about medical decisions?DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 119 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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LI, John S. C. "SET for Quality in Sport: See - Experience - Transcend." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 5, no. 1 (June 1, 1999): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.51219.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Quality is a word used very often at work and in delivering services to clients. However, judgement on quality is very subjective and judgement can only be made when one sees it or experiences it. It is not uncommon that there are many views from different people on quality of the same service or product. As a sport service agent, we want to evaluate our service achievement to ensure our quality. Quality measurement is a means to meet this purpose. This measurement is not just measured by the number of participants, the number of medals achieved, or whether a break-even account statement is attended. It is also important to conform to the standards, requirements, regulations, policies, procedures, and goals that are set for the services. The feedback from the participants and impact of the services to the society are also elemental to quality service. In sport, quality improvement begins with hardware - facilities, equipment, apparel - which people can easily SEE the difference. In the second stage, the software - professional coaches, administrators, quality programs and outstanding performance let people EXPERIENCE a change. The ultimate development and the beauty of sport, however, are the shared sporting spirit which TRANSCEND the essence of human being. This paper will focus on how SET is applied in current sport development in Hong Kong and to elevate the quality of sport into the year 2000 and beyond.個人對服務質素的要求因人而異，對服務的滿意程度亦須使用者親身看過或切身體驗後才可作出主觀評論。體育專業人員的工作目標是爲公衆人仕及運動員提供優質體育活動。用以評訂體育工作的成效，普遍以參加人數、獎牌數目、及賬目收支平衡作爲評審準則。客觀的評核應以共同爲體育設訂的理想、標準、要求、規則、政策、程序及目標爲指標。體育質數的提昇有一定的進程，通常體育發展多由爲人看到的硬件項目開始，如改善運動設施、器材、政策等。繼而開展軟件項目，如聘請優質數的教練及體育行政人員，提供多元化活動及後勤服務，務使參加者能親身體驗優質體育活動。體育發展的最終目標是希望能夠將體育精神超越體育，使參加者能應用體育的經驗及精神於日常生活及工作裡。本文探索香港在「觀看」到「體驗」至「超越」的體育發展進程，逐步邁向優質體育的理想。
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WANG, Jianyu, Wenhao LIU, Wei BIAN, and Jiangong TAN. "Perceived Motivators and Constraints among Regular Players of Pick-Up Basketball Games." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.161895.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The purpose of this study was to examine perceived motivators and constraints among regular players of pick-up basketball games. Sixty-five basketball players were invited to participate in the study. The instrument assessing participants’ perceived motivators and constraints of participating in pick-up basketball games was adapted from the works on leisure motivators and constraints. Results indicated that the primary motivators for the players playing pick-up basketball games were having fun (77.9%), improving physical fitness (55.9%), becoming fit (52.9%), and improving basketball skills (41.2%). The major constraints the players perceived were lack of leisure time (55.9%), lack of basketball courts (45.6%), hard to find friends to play with (17.6%), and too much work (16.2%). The findings of the study may imply that in order to promote physical activity policy-makers should help create better physical environments such as the access to the basketball courts. Additionally, physical education professionals must help young people develop motor skills to enjoy the activity. 本文旨在揭示經常參加籃球運動群體的動機與障礙。六十五位經常參加籃球運動的人士應邀參加本研究。結果顯示經常參加籃球運動主要的動機包括有興趣(77。9%) 、提高體能(55。9%) 、改進健康 (52。1%) 、提高籃球技術 (41。2%) 。主要障礙包括缺少休閒時間(55。9%) 、缺乏場地 (45。6%) ，難以找到朋友一起參與 (17。6%) 、太多工作 (16。2%) 。本研究結果表明為了更好促進大眾體育鍛煉﹐決策者須考慮改善體育鍛煉的環境，同時體育專業人士應幫助青少年發展運動技能。
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ZHAI, Xiaomei. "知情同意的若干問題." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.41424.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.作為一種法律學說，知情同意在西方社會已經存在多年，並且得到長足的發展。這一學說來源於《紐倫堡法典》。知情同意不僅僅是“法律文件”，也不是醫患“共同決策"，它是具有豐當倫理內涵的一個概念，是一個人實際理解並且真正在沒有他人控制下有意地批准和同意專業人員做某事。中國具有其獨特的文化傳統背景和經濟發展水平，西方國家基於自主的和權利的理論、信念以及方法在中國基於義務的和強調集體的傳統文化中尚缺乏一定的根基。中國文化傳統上的倫理決策是基於義務而不是基於權�的。這種根深蒂岡的傳統所肯定的是社會或者整體的利益，容易忽視的是個人應享有的權利。在中國文化傳統中，家庭和社區具有很強的凝聚力，家庭或社區協助和支持下的知情同意往往建立在更加充分的理解、思考基礎之上。這種知情同意獲得的方式很有價值：更加精緻，更加體現了尊重人的倫理學原則。但是需要注意的是，這種協助不能完全超越自我決定性。另外，社區的“允許”並不等同於個人的“同意”，而且社區的允許也不應該取代個人的同意。另外，目前在中國，臨床藥理試驗，倫理審查委員會（IRBs）制度化，合理的補償與不正當的引誘的區別，基因研究中的知情同意問題以及利益衝突等很多現實問題都需要引起倫理學的關注，並進行大量的研究工作。In Western societies, the idea of informed consent as a legal account has long been there and developed significantly. This idea originated from the "uremberg Code". In fact, informed consent is neither a mere "legal document" nor a "common decision" made by the physician and the patient. It is a concept rich in moral content. It is about how an individual perceives and intentionally (without being controlled by others) agrees and allows professionals to carry out certain actions on him/her.China has a unique traditional cultural background and economic development level. Due to the emphasis on responsibility and collectiveness in Chinese cultural traditions, introducing the Western theory, beliefs, and practice based upon individual autonomy and rights to Chinese society does not have solid foundation. According to Chinese cultural traditions, people consider responsibility instead of rights during making ethical decisions. These deeply-rooted traditions assure the interests of the whole and tend to neglect the rights of the individual. Chinese families and communities have a very strong sense of cohesiveness. With the assistance and support of the family or community, the thinking and understanding of informed consent can be established on a more adequate and solid foundation. This kind of way to get informed consent is very valuable: it is more accurate and can also fulfills the ethical principle of respect. However, the assistance of the family or community should not override individual's autonomy in making decisions. Moreover, community "permission" is not equal to individual "consent". Indeed, it should not replace individual "consent".Contemporary China faces many practical problems, such as clinical medicine testing, establishing Institutional Review Broads (IRBs), differences between reasonable compensation and improper reward, conflict of interests in genetic research as well as the practice of informed consent. They demand ethical attention and a large amount of careful research.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 13 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.