Academic literature on the topic 'Система key words investments'

The transition of the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan to market principles after gaining independence created the need for radical reforms in the tax system, as in other areas. That is why the national leader Heydar Aliyev set tasks for the tax authorities to improve the tax system, stimulate the development of entrepreneurship, and create a favorable investment climate in the country. The economic reforms founded by Heydar Aliyev and successfully continued today by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev have led to significant qualitative changes in the Azerbaijani economy. Attracting large investments in the country's economy, macroeconomic stability, creating a legal framework that promotes the business sector, and several other factors have created conditions for developing the tax system. Key words: налоговая система, экономика, НДС, бюджет, переходная экономика

Introduction. The article considers the state and prospects of development of transport and logistics systems in the region, which will help to accelerate cargo delivery, increase the competitiveness of transportation, improve the investment climate of the transport industry in the region, as well as expand the activities of companies providing comprehensive logistics services. The purpose of this article is a study of experience of using mechanisms of state regulation of development of regional structural transformations in agribusiness. Results. The basic principles of functioning of the transport and logistics system of the region, which integrate the transport industry into the transport and logistics systems of the country by ensuring their effective interaction, are highlighted; satisfy the needs of consumers of transport and logistics services by harmonizing their interests with the interests of all participants in the logistics process. The functions of the transport and logistics system that influence the efficiency of its activity at the regional level are revealed. Conclusions. The functioning of an advanced transport and logistics system, provided with adequate transport infrastructure in all regions of the country, will contribute to the development of many sectors of the economy and will serve as the basis for economic development of the country. In order to effectively develop the transport and logistics system of the regions, it is advisable to intensify the following areas: state regulation of logistics processes, including their legal support; creation and operation of transport infrastructure by type of activity; stimulating the development of logistics projects by region. The formation of high-quality transport and logistics systems in the region provides a full range of transport services, including multimodal transportation, the development of logistics schemes for freight, insurance, transportation security. Development of transport and logistics systems in the region can be ensured by updating the logistics base of transport; increased informatization; quality improvement and development of transport and logistics infrastructure of the region; expansion of the internal market of transport and logistics services; improving the efficiency of transportation; improvement of customs tariff and investment policy; the interaction of all participants in the supply chain; development and implementation of joint programs for the development of transport and logistics systems in the region. Key words: transport and logistics system; transport industry; region; logistic approach; transport; integration.

Промышленность региона играет ключевую роль в его устойчивом развитии, служит основой экономического роста России в целом. Объективная система оценивания региона базируется на ряде произвольных показателей, поскольку отсутствует унифицированная методология оценивания развития промышленности региона. В связи с непрерывным процессом модернизации регионов страны возникает необходимость в пересмотре и дополнении критериев оценивания потенциала промышленного производства на примере Ульяновской области. Анализ существующих параметров развития промышленности региона, представленных в трудах российских исследователей, позволил автору выделить три ключевые группы индикаторов, характеризующие инновационно-инвестиционную активность региона (объем инвестиций, объем затрат на НИОКР, объем инновационных товаров и услуг, доля инвестиций в ВРП, доля затрат на НИОКР в ВРП, показатель эффективности деятельности в области инноваций); внешнюю торговлю (внешнеторговый оборот, объем экспорта и импорта, величина чистого экспорта, доля импортных и экспортных товаров, индекс внешнеторгового оборота); эффективность производства (индекс промышленного производства, энергоемкость ВРП, показатели основных фондов: коэффициенты износа, обновления и ликвидации основных фондов; производительность труда в промышленном производстве). Показано, что современные модели социально-экономического развития регионов должны ориентироваться на повышение показателей по всем трем группам, поскольку индикаторы являются взаимосвязанными и позволяют получить комплексную оценку развития промышленного производства. Произведенный анализ на примере Ульяновской области показывает, что ключевыми направлениями развития промышленности региона являются: повышение эффективности внедрения инноваций, обновление основных производственных фондов, стимулирование экспорта наукоемкой промышленной продукции. The industry of the region plays a key role in its sustainable development, serves as the basis for the economic growth of Russia as a whole. The objective system of assessing the region is based on a number of arbitrary indicators, since there is no unified methodology for assessing the development of the region's industry. Due to the continuous process of modernization of the country's regions, there is a need to revise and supplement the criteria for assessing the potential of industrial production on the example of the Ulyanovsk region. The analysis of the existing parameters of the development of the region's industry, presented in the works of Russian researchers, allowed the author to identify three key groups of indicators that characterize the innovation and investment activity of the region (the volume of investments, the volume of R & D costs, the volume of innovative goods and services, the share of investments in GRP, the share of R & D costs in GRP, the indicator of the effectiveness of activities in the field of innovations); foreign trade (foreign trade turnover, the volume of exports and imports, the value of net exports, the share of imported and exported goods, the index of foreign trade turnover); production efficiency (industrial production index, GRP energy intensity, indicators of fixed assets: depreciation, renewal and liquidation of fixed assets; labor productivity in industrial production). It is shown that modern models of socio-economic development of regions should focus on increasing indicators for all three groups, since the indicators are interrelated and allow for a comprehensive assessment of the development of industrial production. The analysis performed on the example of the Ulyanovsk region shows that the key areas of industrial development in the region are: improving the efficiency of innovation, updating fixed production assets, stimulating the export of high-tech industrial products.

In this article, the author A.S.Guluzade analyzes the current situation, the conditions created to ensure the development of the non-oil sector, as well as the role and importance of national and foreign investments in the development of the non-oil sector. Key words: non-oil sector, investments, enterprises, agriculture, tourism, light and heavy industry, mining and processing industry, modern technologies

The paper offers practical recommendations for improving the mechanisms of public-private partnership in the form of a concession. Within the scope of this study, a concession is viewed as a relationship framework in which to attain socially significant goals, the government or a municipal unit transfers to the concessionaire (natural or legal entity) the right to perform on a contractual basis some of its functions to possess, use, and under specific conditions, to dispose of public or municipal property. These relationships are valid during the concession agreement period. Guarantees to private investors in the area of PPP and infrastructure concessions have been adapted according to the current Ukrainian legislation. The concessionaire’s business guarantees include: prospects for ownership rights acquisition for property outside highway lanes; a possibility of resolving disputes in the International Arbitration Court, a possibility to launch a project company for specific project realization (a special purpose vehicle, SPV. It is argued that providing guarantees for concessionaire investment returns is paramount. The above guarantees should cover a restraint on concessionaire’s property and assets forced alienation; the principle of non-interference in the concessionaire’s business; guarantees of reimbursement by the grantor of all investments made by the concessionaire (in case of contract termination due to the grantor’s fault); envisaged norm according to which the fare is fixed at an investment-based rate that ensures compensation of the concessionaire’s expenses. The implementation of concession relationships pattern in the transport infrastructure of Ukraine has contributed to outlining the key prospects for its development and enhancement, in particular through compliance with the following principles: application of legislation in force at the time of concluding a concession agreement; imposing a legislative ban on changes related to running concession business; guarantees of concessionaire’s loss coverage caused by government authorities’ decisions that breach the concessionaires’ rights.

The modern classification of the objects of area of economic significance and their importance in our life were examined. It was discovered the principles and the main approaches in the investigation of the land use. Also it was suggested to distinguish types and forms into the system of classified categories of the land use. Key words: land use; principles; classified categories; types and forms of the land use.

Introduction. As the foreign experience of many countries of the world shows, a fairly common practice in determination of the road works cost is the use of works cost evaluation method with the help of designed and constructed objects on the roads. Actually, for the preliminary evaluation of the road works cost on the early stages of design in Ukraine the method of evaluation of objects-analogues by using a comparative approach becomes more common. The comparative approach is one of the main scientific methods, which by comparison determines common and different characteristics, parameters in the process of objects studying, etc.Problem Statement. The research of the construction industry problems, in particular the determination of construction and designing works cost became the main topic of works of many scientists, in particular Berkuta A. V., Khaikin G. M., Kolesnikov O. V. and others. In general, the scientists raised questions of the construction works cost at different stages of project development, because the obtaining of such information gives an opportunity to perform economic evaluation of new projects and determine the effectiveness of the design solutions. The need for rapid cost information obtaining at the initial stages of project development is also particularly important, as this information serves as a benchmark for cost projections for the implementation of new objects. These factors are a prerequisite for the need to create a database of objects-analogues.Scientific justification of any process has a great importance in selection of the most effective ways for its realization. Economic science is facing new targets and objectives, the solution of which contributes to its development. An important task in this case is to implement and maintain the achievements of scientific and technological progress of the investment process. When developing a new investment project of new construction or reconstruction of a motor road a significant load falls on the pre- Збірник наукових праць «ДОРОГИ І МОСТИ» www.dorogimosti.org.uaISSN 2524-0994. Dorogi i mosti, 2021. Issue 23ЕКОНОМІКА. МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ19investment stage, which lays the foundation for the future facility and the success of its implementation. The pre-investment stage includes the development and approval of project documentation, which contains a feasibility study (drawings, explanation reports) and other needed documents. This stage is extremely important, because the development of the project is an important component in the overall implementation of the object and connects science with the construction process. The efficiency of future investments, the estimated cost of construction of the investment object and the terms of its implementation depend on the quality of the technological justification and the level of design solutions.The information and analytical system on the designed and constructed objects-analogues allows the customer to perform a preliminary evaluation of the road works cost at the early stages of designing. It is the study of the basic parameters and conditions that are essential prior to the beginning of the construction and that precede the implementation of construction solutions and identify a system of key indicators (economical, structural, technical) to compare the built object with the object, which is under construction. Indicators and criteria defined for the comparison of road objects, which are designed with the completed objects, make it possible to receive extended information and analyze it in the environment of the information and analytical system, which is based on the method of analog determination of the cost of road objects.Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyze the information and analytical system for constructed and designed objects - analogues on public roads for prompt obtaining the information on technical, structural, economic indicators for preliminary evaluation by the customer of works cost within the documentation at early stages of designing.Materials and methods. The necessity of considering this topic is based on the application of one of the priority approaches to the cost evaluation - comparative, which determines the cost of the evaluated object by taking into account availability or lack of certain characteristics by this object in comparison with similar objects. The implementation of such comparative approach is possible when the needed information is available on the indicators of objects-analogous that are compared with the designed object. The comparative approach of evaluation involves carrying out a wide range of procedures with the validation of features (elements) of the comparison of the evaluated object and the objects-analogues; determination of quantitative dependencies of the parameters used for evaluation, adjustment of values of the investigated indicators and determination of summary results. During comparative evaluation of the objects a very important aspect is the validation of values (parameters) by which the comparison of road works objects is carried out.Results. Determination and analysis of the main criteria that affect the cost of construction and data collection on designed and constructed facilities on public roads, design documentation of which is agreed and approved in the prescribed manner, became the basis for creating of information and analytical system. Information and analytical system use makes it possible to determine the preliminary road works cost at the pre-investment stage of the project. This information shows the investor an approximate amount of investment required for road works on public roads and transport facilities on them.Conclusions. The method of comparative approach is one of the possible in the process of formation of the road works market cost as by both the customer and the contractor. The basis of the information and analytical system is the method of analog comparison based on a comparative approach. The comparative approach is applied by the analysis and comparison of technical and economic indicators of objects-analogues (identical or similar objects of construction), and therefore its application allows to receive real road works market cost. The use of this method is effective for determination of value of the object at the early stages of development of investment projects (feasibility study developed on the basis of initial data for linear objects of engineering and transport infrastructure, which require detailed rationale of relevant decisions and determination of options and feasibility of the object construction).Keywords:information and analytical system, road works, object - analogue

This paper studies what determines investment in R&D at major automobile companies of Japan and Germany as of from 2001 to 2015. For that purpose, accounting records and OECD and WWID databases were used. Based on regression models of panel data with random effects and fixed effects, some factors considerably influencing upon investment in R&D were found out. Such factors include: the total assets, amount of exports, market share, return on total assets, total revenue, profits and the income share of the wealthiest residents. Key words: factors of investment in R&D, automobile industry, Japan, Germany. JEL Classification: G39

Foreign investors who come to the country receive credit default swaps which are an insurance against the possibility of failing to fulfill the obligations of the host country. The purpose of using this financial instrument is to provide protection against possible default situations. The higher the value of the credit default swap premium, it means that the risk of default is relatively high whereas the lower risk means that the default risk is relatively low. The purpose of this study is to analyze with ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model) Method Turkey's credit default swap premium for January 2005-September 2017 period and the long run and short run relationship between foreign direct investment and portfolio investments in Turkey. According to the results of the study, there is no long run and short run relationship between credit default swaps and foreign direct investments in Turkey; The presence of a long run and short run relationship with portfolio investments has been identified. Key words: Credit Default Swap, Foreign Direct Investments, Portfolio Investments, Time Series Analysis, ARDL Method

The theoretical and practical basis of successful tourism business organization in West region of Ukraine are regarded. The problematic moments of the development of investment-innovative activity in tourism are listed. The guide ways of imperfection of investment-innovative activity in tourism are outlined. Key words: investment-innovative provision in tourism, tourism service market, investments in tourism, innovative sorts of tourism.

У кваліфікаційній роботі висвітлено такі аспекти. 1 Теоретико-методичні засади управління інвестиційною діяльністю підприємства. 2 Аналіз інвестиційного клімату України та дослідження діяльності ТОВ «Гілея». 3 Удосконалення управління інвестиційною діяльністю ТОВ «Гілея». У кваліфікаційній роботі сформовано рекомендації з удосконалення системи управління інвестиційною діяльністю ТОВ «Гілея», а саме: -рекомендації щодо формування стратегії нвестиційної діяльності для ТОВ «Гілея»; -рекомендації щодо прийняття управлінських рішень при здійсненні інвестиційної діяльності у ТОВ «Гілея»; -рекомендації щодо розширення бізнесу за рахунок диверсифікації послуг у ТОВ «Гілея».

Governments in Africa have made huge ICT investments which have been intended to improve the governance process hence their uptake of e-government. One of the benefits derived from all this has been the open data initiative through which some countries in Africa have empowered citizens to better inform themselves and others through access, harnessing and reusing government held data. Another of the benefits has been enhanced open government which has an array of access to information platforms. While indications are that open data can lead to improvements among lives in the Continent arising from availability and access to healthcare data, this chapter advances that a critical element of open data which is often overlooked and little regarded most times, is records management. Arising from the fundamental role of records management in open data, the Republic of Ireland through the Programmable City Working Paper 3 avers that open data must among others be seen as a component part of records management (Lauriault, 2014). The chapter argues that the key elements of open data notably: availability of data, in other words information content in the form of data must be available on platforms which are easily accessible and easy to manipulate for purposes of use and reuse; transparency of the open data process; information security; information privacy, and finally trust which could lead to acceptance, reuse of data and also emerging encouragement among citizens that data is worth accessing, using and reusing, are all made possible by good public sector records management. Records management, this chapter shows, is a clear means through which effective open data especially in healthcare may be achieved. While the chapter draws out lessons which Botswana could learn from and makes recommendations for workable open data in the country's public health sector, these are nonetheless applicable to many African countries and others in the developing world.

Governments in Africa have made huge ICT investments which have been intended to improve the governance process hence their uptake of e-government. One of the benefits derived from all this has been the open data initiative through which some countries in Africa have empowered citizens to better inform themselves and others through access, harnessing and reusing government held data. Another of the benefits has been enhanced open government which has an array of access to information platforms. While indications are that open data can lead to improvements among lives in the Continent arising from availability and access to healthcare data, this chapter advances that a critical element of open data which is often overlooked and little regarded most times, is records management. Arising from the fundamental role of records management in open data, the Republic of Ireland through the Programmable City Working Paper 3 avers that open data must among others be seen as a component part of records management (Lauriault, 2014). The chapter argues that the key elements of open data notably: availability of data, in other words information content in the form of data must be available on platforms which are easily accessible and easy to manipulate for purposes of use and reuse; transparency of the open data process; information security; information privacy, and finally trust which could lead to acceptance, reuse of data and also emerging encouragement among citizens that data is worth accessing, using and reusing, are all made possible by good public sector records management. Records management, this chapter shows, is a clear means through which effective open data especially in healthcare may be achieved. While the chapter draws out lessons which Botswana could learn from and makes recommendations for workable open data in the country's public health sector, these are nonetheless applicable to many African countries and others in the developing world.