Journal articles: 'Β-reach'

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Wang, Zhi Meng, Hong Wei Xie, Cai Ling Liu, and Yu Chun Zhai. "The Effect of Li₂O Content on the Electrochemical Performance of β (β′′)-Al₂O₃." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.371.

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The β (β′′)-Al2O3powder is prepared by solid phase reaction method, which is sintered inside the powder in MoSi2electric resistance furnace at 1600°C after isostatic pressing. The experimental result shows that the addition of Li2O can greatly decrease the resistivity of β (β′′)-Al2O3electrolyte and when the mass fraction of Li2O is 0.8~0.9%, the resistivity of β (β′′)-Al2O3electrolyte can reach 4~5(Ω•cm)-1.

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Filtser, Arnold, and Omrit Filtser. "Condorcet Relaxation In Spatial Voting." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 6 (May 18, 2021): 5407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i6.16681.

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Consider a set of voters V, represented by a multiset in a metric space (X,d). The voters have to reach a decision - a point in X. A choice p∈ X is called a β-plurality point for V, if for any other choice q∈ X it holds that |{v∈ V ∣ β⋅ d(p,v)≤ d(q,v)}| ≥|V|/2 . In other words, at least half of the voters ``prefer'' over q, when an extra factor of β is taken in favor of p. For β=1, this is equivalent to Condorcet winner, which rarely exists. The concept of β-plurality was suggested by Aronov, de Berg, Gudmundsson, and Horton [SoCG 2020] as a relaxation of the Condorcet criterion. Denote by β*(X,d) the value sup{ β ∣ every finite multiset V in X admits a β-plurality point}}. The parameter β* determines the amount of relaxation required in order to reach a stable decision. Aronov et al. showed that for the Euclidean plane β*(ℝ2,\|⋅\|2)=√3/2 , and more generally, for d-dimensional Euclidean space, 1/√d ≤ β*(ℝd,\|⋅\|2)≤√3/2 . In this paper, we show that 0.557≤ β*(ℝd,\|⋅\|2) for any dimension d (notice that 1/√d

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Rigolin, S. "Physics reach of β-beams and ν-factories: the problem of degeneracies." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 155, no. 1 (May 2006): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.006.

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Chiang, Hsiu-Hsi, Po-Fu Lee, Yun-Tsung Chen, Chi-Fang Lin, Shu Xu, Yi-Tien Lin, Yu-Ting Lin, et al. "Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility Are Associated with Body Fat Distribution and Obesity Risk Using Bioelectrical Impedance in Taiwanese Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 8858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148858.

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In terms of public health, obesity and overweight have become major concerns worldwide. Nevertheless, regarding body composition, it is important to have a more precise understanding of the fat-to-muscle ratio. Hence, this study aimed to adopt bioelectrical impedance measurements to test body fat percentage (BF%) and to determine the associations between health-related physical fitness and both body fat (BF) distribution and BF obesity risk in Taiwanese adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study and reviewed data derived from Taiwan’s Scientific Physical Fitness Survey. From the database, responses from 17,970 participants aged 23–64 years were collected in this study. Each participant completed a series of health-related physical fitness measurements, including cardiorespiratory fitness (3 min of a progressive knee-up and step (3MPKS) test), muscular fitness (hand-grip strength), and flexibility (sit-and-reach test). The BF% of each participant was assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. BF% was negatively associated with low performance on the 3MPKS (β = 11.314, p < 0.0001 for men; β = 12.308, p < 0.0001 for women), hand-grip strength (β = 2.071, p < 0.0001 for men; β = 0.859, p < 0.0001 for women), and sit-and-reach (β = 0.337, p = 0.008 for women) tests but was positively associated with sit-and-reach (β = −0.394, p = 0.004 for men). A risk of BF obesity for low performance of 3MPKS (odds ratio (OR) = 26.554, p < 0.0001 for men; OR = 25.808, p < 0.0001 for women), hand-grip strength (OR = 1.682, p < 0.0001 for men; OR = 1.234, p < 0.0001 for women), and sit-and-reach (OR = 1.142, p = 0.007 for women) tests was observed. These results suggest that low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and flexibility are associated with an increased risk of BF obesity.

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Larwood, John, and Paul Kalas. "A stellar fly-by simulation giving β Pic's disc asymmetries." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 202 (2004): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900218238.

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We have numerically investigated the dynamics of how a close stellar fly-by encounter of a symmetrical circumstellar planetesimal disc can give rise to the many kinds of asymmetries and substructures attributed to the dusty disc of β Pic. We find three recognizable groupings of test particles that can be related to the morphology of the β Pic disc. These are: highly eccentric and inclined orbit particles that reach apocentre in the southwest, moderately eccentric and inclined orbit particles that reach apocentre in the northeast, and a relatively unperturbed region inside ∽200 AU radius.

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Chen, Jie, De Fang Dai, Xiu Ling Gu, and Lin Yuan. "Screening and Identification of β-Glucosidase Producing Strain of Fusarium Oxysporum." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.402.

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Five strains, which can produce β-glucosidase, were screened out from 96 strains isolated from linseed from different regions in China. Based on morphological features and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis, the five strains were all determined as Fusarium oxysporum. The strain named as S15 produces the highest β-glucosidase, which activity reach at 13.58 U/mL.

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Saillour-Glénisson, Florence, Karine Nouette-Gaulain, Vianney Jouhet, Louis-Rachid Salmi, and Aurélie Petit-Monéger. "Comparing Graphical Formats for Feedback of Clinical Practice Data." Methods of Information in Medicine 56, no. 01 (2017): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me15-01-0163.

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Summary Objectives: Although graphical formats used to feedback clinical practice data may have an important impact, the most effective formats remain unknown. Using prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting by anesthesiologists as an application, the objective of this study was to assess which graphical formats for feedback of clinical practice data are the most incentive to change practice. Methods: We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study among anesthesiologists randomized in two groups between March andJune 2014. Each anesthesiologist assessed 15 graphical formats displaying an indicator of either prescription conformity or prescription effectiveness. Graphical formats varied by: type of graph (bar charts, linear sliders, or pictographs), presence or not of a target to reach, presence or not of a contrast between a hypothetical physician and his/her team, direction of the difference between the physician and his/her team, and restitution or not of the quality indicator evolution over the previous six months. The primary outcome was a numerical scale score expressing the anesthesiologists’ motivation to change his/her practice (ranging from 1 to 10 points). A linear mixed model was fitted to explain variation in motivation. Results: Sixty-six anesthesiologists assessed the conformity indicator and 67 assessed the effectiveness indicator. Factors associated with an increased motivation to change practice were: (i) presence of a clearly defined target to reach (conformity: β = 0.24 points, p = 0.0046; effectiveness: β = 1.11 points, p < 0.0001); (ii) contrast between the physician and his/her team (conformity: β = 0.38 points, p < 0.0001; effectiveness: β = 0.33 points, p = 0.0021); (iii) better results for the team than for the physician (conformity: β = 0.65 points, p < 0.0001; effectiveness β = 1.16 points, p < 0.0001). For the effectiveness indicator, anesthesiologists were more motivated to change practice with bar charts (β = 0.24 points, p = 0.0447) and pictographs (β = 0.45 points, p = 0.0001) than with linear sliders. Conclusions: Graphs associated with a defined target to reach should be preferred to deliver feedback, especially bar graphs or pictographs for indicators which are more complex to represent such as effectiveness indicators. Anesthesiologists are also more motivated to change practice when graphs report contrasted data between the physician and his/her team and a lower conformity or effectiveness for the physician than for his/her team.

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Yang, Jin Song, Rui Yang, and Hai Sheng Tan. "Research on the Inclusion Complex of Astaxanthin." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2777.

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Taking β-cyclotextrin and gelatin as wall materials, study of inclusion was processed on astaxanthin. It was shown in the study that β-cyclotextrin and gelatin at the ratio of 4 to 1 was found to be the best wall material for inclusion complex. The optimal conditions of inclusion were established by the RSM experiment: when the amount of wall material was 0.4 g/g yeast, temperature 40°C, time 1.2 h, the inclusion rate could reach 81.03%. The characterization of the inclusion complex was confirmed by different temperatures and light, the result shows that the inclusion complex could improve the stability of astaxanthin. The inclusion complex was stored in dark at 4°C for 60 days, the residual rate of astaxathin could reach 95% and more stable than that before inclusion by 35%.

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HOU, Q. R., B. F. GU, Y. B. CHEN, and Y. J. HE. "PHONON-DRAG EFFECT OF ULTRA-THIN FeSi2 AND MnSi1.7/FeSi2 FILMS." Modern Physics Letters B 25, no. 22 (August 30, 2011): 1829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984911027078.

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Phonon-drag effect usually occurs in single crystals at very low temperatures (10–200 K). Strong phonon-drag effect is observed in ultra-thin β- FeSi 2 films at around room temperature. The Seebeck coefficient of a 23 nm-thick β- FeSi 2 film can reach -1.375 mV/K at 343 K. However, the thermoelectric power factor of the film is still small, only 0.42×10-3 W/m-K2, due to its large electrical resistivity. When a 27 nm-thick MnSi 1.7 film with low electrical resistivity is grown on it, the thermoelectric power factor of the MnSi 1.7 film can reach 1.5×10-3 W/m-K2 at around room temperature. This value is larger than that of bulk MnSi 1.7 material in the same temperature range.

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Yuan, Xiao Jing, Bai Lin Zha, and Han Gong Wang. "Dielectric and Infrared Properties of Plasma Sprayed Nano β-SiC/ Al₂O₃ Agglomerate Composite Absorbing Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1901.

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In this paper, the nano-β-SiC/Al2O3 composite absorbing coatings produced by plasma spraying technology were reported. Where, β-SiC phase dissipates in the boundary of Al2O3 grains. Then, the relationship between microstructure and dielectric properties was built. Some results are shown as follows: with increasing of flatten ratio of particle and pores, the microwave reflectivity coefficient of composite absorbing coatings decreases and ranges to low frequency. And, there exists a threshold value, about 30wt% of nano β-SiC, the microwave reflectivity coefficient of composite absorbing coatings can reach to -8 dB. The infrared properties of β-SiC/ Al2O3composite absorbing coatings with experiment is about 0.6~0.8, respectively.

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Kovačević, Milena, Rastislava Krasnik, Aleksandra Mikov, Darko Mikić, Jelena Zvekić-Svorcan, Dragana Vukliš, Dajana Dedić Novaković, and Marina Đelić. "Factors Affecting Balance Performance in Adolescents." Children 11, no. 4 (April 5, 2024): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11040436.

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(1) Background: The influence of different factors on balance in adolescence is assessed by conducting functional balance tests that examine its different components. (2) Materials and methods: The study sample comprised 110 healthy adolescents of both sexes, aged 12−18 years. Single Leg Stance with Eyes Open (SLS-EO) and Eyes Closed (SLS-EC) tests were conducted to evaluate static balance, whereas the Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Lateral Reach Test (LRT) were performed to establish functional stability limits. The influence of sex, age, demographic factors, anthropometric characteristics, participation in sports activities, and trunk extensor muscle endurance (Biering–Sorensen test) on balance performance was determined through correlational and univariate linear regression analyses. (3) Results: Older age (Beta[β] = 0.247; 95% CI [0.75, 5.20]; p < 0.01) and better trunk extensor muscle endurance (β = 0.224; 95% CI [0.015, 0.13]; p < 0.05) were significant predictors of the SLS-EO results, while younger age (β = −0.219; 95% CI [−1.32, −0.11]; p < 0.05) and higher muscle percentage (β = 0.237; 95% CI [0.06, 0.48]; p < 0.05) emerged as significant predictors of LRT performance, and greater bone mass was a significant predictor of FRT results (β = 0.444; 95% CI [3.62, 8.17]; p < 0.01). However, none of the independent variables was a statistically significant predictor of the SLS-EC results. (4) Conclusions: The current study found that age, trunk extensor muscle endurance, muscle percentage, and bone mass are significant predictors of different balance components, suggesting that balance is task-specific.

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Mattar, Ehab H., Hussein A. Almehdar, Vladimir N. Uversky, and Elrashdy M. Redwan. "Virucidal activity of human α- and β-defensins against hepatitis C virus genotype 4." Molecular BioSystems 12, no. 9 (2016): 2785–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6mb00283h.

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We revealed that human α- and β-defensins have strong anti-HCV activity in experiments on cellular protection, neutralization, and treatment at low concentrations, whereas synthetic linear avian defensins could reach similar anti-HCV potential only at noticeably higher concentrations.

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Liu, Hangyu, Qingqing Mei, Shaopeng Li, Youdi Yang, YanYan Wang, Huizhen Liu, LiRong Zheng, Pengfei An, Jing Zhang, and Buxing Han. "Selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes over Pt nanoparticles promoted by the cooperation of steric and electronic effects." Chemical Communications 54, no. 8 (2018): 908–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc08942b.

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The selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to unsaturated alcohols can reach high selectivity and activity at room temperature using Pt nanoparticles immobilized on a non-porous Al₂O₃ support stabilized by aspartic acid.

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Croft, Brittany D., Patricia A. Aronson, and Thomas G. Bowman. "Effects of Instrument Assisted Soft-Tissue Mobilization on Dynamic Balance in Those with Chronic Ankle Instability." Trauma Care 2, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/traumacare2020016.

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Our objective was to examine the effectiveness of IASTM application to the FL on dynamic balance in individuals with CAI. Fifteen individuals (seven females, eight males, age = 26.07 ± 9.18 years, mass = 87.33 ± 24.07 kg, height = 178.83 ± 12.83 cm) with CAI, as determined by the Ankle Instability Instrument (AII) volunteered to participate. Participants completed two counterbalanced sessions (experimental and control), and we recorded measurements at two time points (pre- and post-). The application of IASTM to the FL muscle was carried out using Técnica Gavilán® instruments for 90 s during the intervention, and participants sat for 2 min during the control session. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Y-balance test (YBT). The interaction between session and time for anterior reach was significant (F1,14 = 5.26, p = 0.04, η2 = 0.27). Post-hoc tests revealed farther reach distances at post-test (71.02 ± 9.45 cm) compared to pre-test (66.57 ± 10.87 cm) when IASTM was applied (p = 0.02, Mean Difference = 4.45 cm, CI95 = 0.71–8.19 cm, Cohen’s d = 0.44). The interaction between session and time was not significant for posteromedial (F1,14 = 0.25, p = 0.62, η2 = 0.02, 1 − β = 0.08) or posterolateral reaches (F1,14 = 1.17, p = 0.30, η2 = 0.08, 1 − β = 0.17). The application of IASTM to the FL improved anterior reach of the YBT, but not posterolateral or posteromedial reaches in individuals with CAI. However, the 4.45 cm increase in anterior reach could have clinical implications for improved function.

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Chen, Xiaojuan, Ning Li, Runliang Zhu, Shuai Li, Chunmo Yu, Wei Xia, Song Xu, and Xin Chen. "Temperature-Program Assisted Synthesis of Novel Z-Scheme CuBi2O4/β-Bi2O3 Composite with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance." Nanomaterials 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2018): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8080579.

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Novel Z-Scheme CuBi2O4/β-Bi2O3 composite photocatalysts with different mass ratios and calcination temperatures were firstly synthesized by the hydrothermal method following a temperature-programmed process. The morphology, crystal structure, and light absorption properties of the as-prepared samples were systematically characterized, and the composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity toward diclofenac sodium (DS) degradation compared with CuBi2O4 and β-Bi2O3 under visible light irradiation. The optimal photocatalytic efficiency of the composite, achieved at the mass ratio of CuBi2O4 and β-Bi2O3 of 1:2.25 and the calcination temperature of 600 °C is 92.17%. After the seventh recycling of the composite, the degradation of DS can still reach 82.95%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of CuBi2O4/β-Bi2O3 is closely related to OH•, h+ and O2•−, and the photocatalytic mechanism of CuBi2O4/β-Bi2O3 can be explained by the Z-Scheme theory.

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Li, Hong Yi, Yao Hui Zhang, Yong Chen, Wei Qing Han, and Lian Jun Wang. "Preparation and Characterization of the Novel Ti/PbO₂ Electrodes by Electrodeposition and Anodization." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 1273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.1273.

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The novel Ti/PbO2 electrodes have been prepared by electrodeposition and anodization. The electrodes were characterized by SEM, XRD and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The SEM and XRD analysis reveal that Sn in the Pb-Sn alloy changes the β-PbO2/α-PbO2 ratio and the structure of the PbO2 layer. Sn content in Pb-Sn alloy is beneficial for the formation of β-PbO2. LSV analysis shows that the novel Ti/PbO2 electrodes have high oxygen evolution potential, which can reach 1.75V.

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Wei, Ning, Jinze Pei, Liye Jiang, and Guangshan Xuan. "Preparation and property evaluation of vitamin A cyclodextrin inclusion complex." ITM Web of Conferences 45 (2022): 01061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224501061.

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Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is widely used in drug encapsulation and cosolvent of insoluble drugs, modified HP-β-CD derivatives may to make pH sensitive by introducing functional groups. In this study, HP-β-CD derivative was prepared by oxidation cross-linking method with urea as the crosslinker agent. HP-β-CD derivatives and vitamin A (VA) inclusion complex were characterized using FT-IR, DSC, XRD and SEM. The solubilization effect, encapsulation efficiency (EE, %), loading content (LC, %) and in vitro release behavior of cyclodextrin derivatives on VA also investigated at different pH. The experimental results show that urea linked HP-β-CD can significantly increase the solubility of VA up to 32 times then pure water, the EE of the VA inclusion complex reach 66.88±4.56%, and the LC was 15.38±1.12%, The 24h in vitro cumulative release reaches 95.91%(pH=4.5) and 66.68%(pH=7.0) when the ratio of urea to HP-β-CD was 3:1. The HP-β-CD derivatives can increase the solubility of VA and the drug release has pH sensitivity.

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Jores, Tobias, Jannis Lawatscheck, Viktor Beke, Mirita Franz-Wachtel, Kaori Yunoki, Julia C. Fitzgerald, Boris Macek, et al. "Cytosolic Hsp70 and Hsp40 chaperones enable the biogenesis of mitochondrial β-barrel proteins." Journal of Cell Biology 217, no. 9 (June 21, 2018): 3091–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201712029.

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Mitochondrial β-barrel proteins are encoded in the nucleus, translated by cytosolic ribosomes, and then imported into the organelle. Recently, a detailed understanding of the intramitochondrial import pathway of β-barrel proteins was obtained. In contrast, it is still completely unclear how newly synthesized β-barrel proteins reach the mitochondrial surface in an import-competent conformation. In this study, we show that cytosolic Hsp70 chaperones and their Hsp40 cochaperones Ydj1 and Sis1 interact with newly synthesized β-barrel proteins. These interactions are highly relevant for proper biogenesis, as inhibiting the activity of the cytosolic Hsp70, preventing its docking to the mitochondrial receptor Tom70, or depleting both Ydj1 and Sis1 resulted in a significant reduction in the import of such substrates into mitochondria. Further experiments demonstrate that the interactions between β-barrel proteins and Hsp70 chaperones and their importance are conserved also in mammalian cells. Collectively, this study outlines a novel mechanism in the early events of the biogenesis of mitochondrial outer membrane β-barrel proteins.

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Quader, A., Y. Guo, and J. R. Stedinger. "Analytical estimation of effective discharge for small southern Ontario streams." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 12 (December 2008): 1414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-088.

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The effective discharge (Qe) of a channel reach may be analytically determined by fitting the flow–duration relationship with a distribution model and representing the bed-material transport with a power function. Analysis of streamflow data from small southern Ontario streams showed that the commonly used lognormal distribution does not provide a good fit to many streamflow records. A mixed exponential distribution model is proposed and a formula for computing the resulting Qe is derived. The results from this new Qe formula were compared with those obtained using other analytical distribution functions and those from empirical sediment transport effectiveness curves. These comparisons indicate that the new analytical solution provides on average the most accurate estimates of Qe when the exponent β of the power function describing sediment transport at the channel reach is not more than 2; when β > 2, a gamma distribution provides the most accurate estimates followed closely by the mixed exponential distribution.

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Guo, Hong, Wenshuai Si, Juan Li, Guofang Yang, Tianjun Tang, Zhongfu Wang, Jie Tang, and Jianbo Zhang. "An Unexpected FeCl3/C-Catalyzed β-Stereoselective Glycosylation in the Presence of the C(2)-Benzyl Group." Synthesis 51, no. 15 (April 26, 2019): 2984–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611801.

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An efficient and completely β-stereoselective glycosylation that did not rely on neighboring group participation is described using 2–20 mol% FeCl3/C as the catalyst and benzylated propargyl glycosides as the donors to reach yields up to 96% under mild condition. With an octatomic-ring intermediate at the α-face of FeCl3/C with alkyne of propargyl glycosides, a panel of aglycones comprising aliphatic, alicyclic, unsaturated alcohols, halogenated alcohols, and phenols with different substitution were examined successfully for the exclusive β-stereoselective glycosylation reaction.

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Tang, Shanshan, Mingfeng Zhang, Samuel Zeng, Yaxun Huang, Melissa Qin, Ubaydah Nasri, Pere Santamaria, Arthur D. Riggs, Liang Jin, and Defu Zeng. "Reversal of autoimmunity by mixed chimerism enables reactivation of β cells and transdifferentiation of α cells in diabetic NOD mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 49 (November 23, 2020): 31219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012389117.

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of β cells, so cure of firmly established T1D requires both reversal of autoimmunity and restoration of β cells. It is known that β cell regeneration in nonautoimmune diabetic mice can come from differentiation of progenitors and/or transdifferentiation of α cells. However, the source of β cell regeneration in autoimmune nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice remains unclear. Here, we show that, after reversal of autoimmunity by induction of haploidentical mixed chimerism, administration of gastrin plus epidermal growth factor augments β cell regeneration and normalizes blood glucose in the firmly established diabetic NOD mice. Using transgenic NOD mice with inducible lineage-tracing markers for insulin-producing β cells, Sox9+ductal progenitors, Nestin+mesenchymal stem cells, and glucagon-producing α cells, we have found that both reactivation of dysfunctional low-level insulin expression (insulinlo) β cells and neogenesis contribute to the regeneration, with the latter predominantly coming from transdifferentiation of α cells. These results indicate that, after reversal of autoimmunity, reactivation of β cells and transdifferentiation of α cells can provide sufficient new functional β cells to reach euglycemia in firmly established T1D.

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Ježek, Petr, Blanka Holendová, Martin Jabůrek, Jan Tauber, Andrea Dlasková, and Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá. "The Pancreatic β-Cell: The Perfect Redox System." Antioxidants 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020197.

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Pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion, which responds to various secretagogues and hormonal regulations, is reviewed here, emphasizing the fundamental redox signaling by NADPH oxidase 4- (NOX4-) mediated H2O2 production for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). There is a logical summation that integrates both metabolic plus redox homeostasis because the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) can only be closed when both ATP and H2O2 are elevated. Otherwise ATP would block KATP, while H2O2 would activate any of the redox-sensitive nonspecific calcium channels (NSCCs), such as TRPM2. Notably, a 100%-closed KATP ensemble is insufficient to reach the −50 mV threshold plasma membrane depolarization required for the activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Open synergic NSCCs or Cl− channels have to act simultaneously to reach this threshold. The resulting intermittent cytosolic Ca2+-increases lead to the pulsatile exocytosis of insulin granule vesicles (IGVs). The incretin (e.g., GLP-1) amplification of GSIS stems from receptor signaling leading to activating the phosphorylation of TRPM channels and effects on other channels to intensify integral Ca2+-influx (fortified by endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+). ATP plus H2O2 are also required for branched-chain ketoacids (BCKAs); and partly for fatty acids (FAs) to secrete insulin, while BCKA or FA β-oxidation provide redox signaling from mitochondria, which proceeds by H2O2 diffusion or hypothetical SH relay via peroxiredoxin “redox kiss” to target proteins.

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Liu, Zhi Chao, Yao Li, and Jun Jie Yang. "Effect of the Solid-Solution Treatment on the Die-Casting Structures and Properties of Commercial RE-AZ91D Mg Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.13.

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Effect of the solid-solution treatment on the structures and properties of the die-casting AZ91D alloy with mixed rare-earth elements was explored.The results show that the the tensile strength and the elongation ratio δ have been improved by solid-solution treatment.The higher the treatment temperature was,the better the improvement were.With the increase of the temperature,the content of β phase was lower when those of M-RE compound and the refinement α phase were higher.The tensile strength can reach 304.74Mpa and the elongation ratio can reach 11% after the solid-solution treatment of 370°C×16h.

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Zhang, Yun, Guang Fu Yin, Yue Hua Wang, Wei Zhong Yang, and Yun Qing Kang. "Degradation of Surface Modified β-TCP/PLLA Porous Scaffold In Vitro." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.931.

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Degradation of surface modified β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and poly L lactic acid (PLLA) composite scaffolds were investigated in vitro. Bending and compressive strengths were tested by electromechanical universal material testing machine. Molecular weight changes of lactic acid during degradation were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Phase composition of the surface after soaking was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared ray (FTIR). The surface and cross section of scaffold samples after degradation were observed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM).The results show that degradation speed can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of β-TCP to PLLA in the composite. PLLA can compound more closely with surface modified β-TCP than with non-modified one. The final compressive strength and bending strength of the scaffolds reach 7.11MPa and 2.20MPa respectively, which satisfies the need for bone tissue engineering scaffolds in clinic applications.

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Wang, Tao, Hong Zhen Guo, Ze Kun Yao, Zhang Long Zhao, Shu Hong Fu, and Yong Zhang. "Microstructural Evolutions of a High Temperature Titanium Alloy Processed by Thermal Mechanical Treatments." Materials Science Forum 747-748 (February 2013): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.747-748.860.

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TG6 alloy is a new titanium alloy which has been designed to reach the service temperature of 600°C. The microstructural evolutions of TG6 alloy under different thermal mechanical treatments were studied. It was found that lamellar microstructures with basketweave α lamella are obtained for TG6 alloy forged in β field. The evolution mechanism is transformed from dynamic recrystallization to dynamic recovery and the thickness of α lamella increases with increasing forging temperature. The aspect ratio of α lamella decreases firstly and then increases with increasing deformation degree. Grain boundary α lath appears when the deformation degree is less than 40%. The thermal mechanical treatments, including deformation in β field firstly and then deformation in α+β field result in the transformations of the microstructures drastically. The deformation degree in α+β field decides the final microstructure. The deformation degree of 20% in α+β field results in partial globular α phase.

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Zhong, Xing, Qiaozhulin Yuan, Qiang Wang, Caixia Hu, Kai Guo, Jinbo Ouyang, and Mingyang Chen. "Maleic Anhydride-β-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Removal of Uranium (VI) from Wastewater." Crystals 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121731.

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New maleic anhydride-β-cyclodextrin functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs@MAH-β-CD) were prepared through the simple chemical coprecipitation method. Macroscopic batch experiments were carried out to study its absorption behavior for uranium (VI) under different environmental conditions. Using the magnetic separation technique, it was possible to easily separate IONPs@MAH-β-CD from uranium-containing wastewater. The equilibrium for uranium (VI) adsorption was reached for 180 min. The results showed that the kinetics and isotherm of the adsorption process were consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, respectively, indicating that it was a chemisorption process. Compared with pure IONPs, the maximum adsorption quantity of maleic anhydride-β-cyclodextrin-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for uranium (VI) was significantly improved, which could reach 163.93 mg g−1. The recyclability of the IONPs@MAH-β-CD was investigated, and FTIR and XPS characterization were used to explore the possible mechanism of U(VI) adsorption.

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Davis, J. M., E. A. Murphy, A. S. Brown, M. D. Carmichael, A. Ghaffar, and E. P. Mayer. "Effects of moderate exercise and oat β-glucan on innate immune function and susceptibility to respiratory infection." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 286, no. 2 (February 2004): R366—R372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00304.2003.

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Both moderate exercise and the soluble oat fiber β-glucan can increase immune function and decrease risk of infection, but no information exists on their possible combined effects. This study tested the effects of moderate exercise and oat β-glucan on respiratory infection, macrophage antiviral resistance, and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. Mice were assigned to four groups: exercise and water, exercise and oat β-glucan, control water, or control oat β-glucan. Oat β-glucan was fed in the drinking water for 10 days before intranasal inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or euthanasia. Exercise consisted of treadmill running (1 h/day) for 6 days. Macrophage resistance to HSV-1 was increased with both exercise and oat β-glucan, whereas NK cell cytotoxicity was only increased with exercise. Exercise was also associated with a 45 and 38% decrease in morbidity and mortality, respectively. Mortality was also decreased with oat β-glucan, but this effect did not reach statistical significance. No additive effects of exercise and oat β-glucan were found. These data confirm a positive effect of both moderate exercise and oat β-glucan on immune function, but only moderate exercise was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of upper respiratory tract infection in this model.

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Chen, Jiangang, Yuan Zhou, Xinliang Pan, Xiaolong Li, Jiamin Long, Hui Zhang, and Jing Zhang. "Associations between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese University Staff." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 9031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239031.

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Purpose: This cross-sectional study examined the associations between health-related physical fitness (HPF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese university staff. Methods: A total of 340 university staff (109 women, mean age 43.1 ± 9.7 years) with overweight (n = 284) and obesity (n = 56) were included. The HPF indicators included skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), body fat percentage (BFP), grip strength (GS), sit-and-reach test (SRT), and vital capacity index (VCI). CVD risk factors were measured, including uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose (GLU). Results: BFP, SMI, and GS were positively associated with UA level (β = 0.239, β = 0.159, β = 0.139, p < 0.05). BFP was positively associated with TG and TG/HDL-C levels (β = 0.421, β = 0.259, p < 0.05). GS was positively associated with HDL-C level (β = 0.244, p < 0.05). SRT was negatively associated with GLU level (β = −0.130, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In overweight and obese university staff, body composition, muscle strength, and flexibility were associated with CVD risk factors. An HPF test may be a practical nonmedical method to assess CVD risk.

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Yadav, Sarjoo Prasad, Rakesh Kumar Yadav, and Dinesh Kumar Yadav. "On the Nörlund Method of Signal Processing Involving Coifman Wavelets." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3378.

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We consider on real line R a space of signals which are p-power (1 ≤ p ≤∞ ) Lebesgue integrable with weight w(x) = (1 - x)α (1 + x)β , ( α, β > -1) on [-1, 1] R. A subspace χabNvof Xabvis recognized by restricting the types of signals, so that the signals are represented by Jacobi Polynomials. Then by the derivability of Jacobi polynomials, we reach to the conclusion that the signals of the subspace XαβNv can be represented by the Coifman wavelets. The method involves the N rlund summation of Fourier-Jacobi expansions and the properties of Jacobi polynomials in [--1, 1] R

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Fu, Yan Yan, Song Xiao Hui, Wen Jun Ye, and Xu Jun Mi. "Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Tensile Property of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Fe Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.1003.

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The effect of solution and aging temperatures on microstructure and tensile property of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr-1Fe Alloy was investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength lowered, when the solution and aging temperature rose respectively. The alloy with different heat treatments showed better tensile strength totally, i.e. the minimum level of ultimate and yield strength passed 1280 MPa and 1245MPa. The highest ultimate tensile strength could reach 1445 MPa. After (α+β) solution and aging treatment, the microstructure consists of primary α phase and transformed β phase with fine secondary α phase precipitating to improve the tensile strength effectively.

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Thomas, Peter J. "A Lower Bound for the First Passage Time Density of the Suprathreshold Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process." Journal of Applied Probability 48, no. 2 (June 2011): 420–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1308662636.

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We prove that the first passage time density ρ(t) for an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process X(t) obeying dX = -β Xdt + σdW to reach a fixed threshold θ from a suprathreshold initial condition x0 > θ > 0 has a lower bound of the form ρ(t) > kexp[-pe6βt] for positive constants k and p for times t exceeding some positive value u. We obtain explicit expressions for k, p, and u in terms of β, σ, x0, and θ, and discuss the application of the results to the synchronization of periodically forced stochastic leaky integrate-and-fire model neurons.

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Tadjiev, Timur R., Sung Su Chun, Hong Mi Kim, Inn Kyu Kang, and Suk Young Kim. "Preparation and Characterization of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Nanofibers via Electrospinning." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.817.

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β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramic nanofibers via electrospinning route have been produced using β-TCP sol, which was prepared by the mixing of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and triethyl phosphate as Ca sand P precursors, respectively. The as-prepared sol was tightly caped and aged in a drying oven at 90 °C for 16 hrs. The aged sol was evaporated in opened containers at 35 °C to reach a proper value of viscosity (100 cPs). Viscous solution was prepared by the mixing of β-TCP sol and high-molecular weight PVP to obtain appropriate viscosity for electrospinning. The mixed solution of β-TCP and PVP with various ratios were vigorously mixed using hot plate/stirrer for 24 hrs and then electrospun. The as-electrospun β-TCP nanofibers were dried in a drying oven at 60°C for 12 hrs and then heat-treated at 500, 600, 700 and 800 °C at 1°C/min heating rate in air. Surface morphology and phase identification of as-spun and heat-treated β-TCP nanofibers were studied. The results have shown that ratio between PVP and β-TCP sol and heat-treatment conditions significantly affected the crystalline phase and morphology of β-TCP nanofibers.

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Haskell, Marjorie J. "The challenge to reach nutritional adequacy for vitamin A: β-carotene bioavailability and conversion—evidence in humans." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 96, no. 5 (October 10, 2012): 1193S—1203S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.034850.

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Schifferdecker, Ekkehard, Burkhard Manfras, Peter Kühnl, Gerhard Holzberger, and Bernhard O. Boehm. "HLA-DR3 and variations of the T cell receptor β gene in Graves' disease." Acta Endocrinologica 124, no. 6 (June 1991): 658–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1240658.

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Abstract. The association of Graves' disease with two allelic forms of the T cell receptor β-chain gene (Bgl II restriction fragments 9.2/10.0 kb) was analysed in Caucasians suffering from Graves' disease (N=54), randomly selected controls (N=68), and HLA-DR3 homozygous typing control subjects (N=12). While gene frequencies did not vary in the latter two groups, a significant reduction of 9.2 kb homozygosity was observed in patients with Graves' disease (11 vs 32%, x2=7.68, p<0.01, RR=0.26). The excess of the 9.2/10.0 kb heterozygosity in patients, which is restricted to the DR3-positive individuals, did not reach significance. The increase in heterozygosity of genomic T cell receptor β-chain polymorphisms may be attributed to the role the β-chain plays in autoantigen recognition in Graves' disease.

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DŽELALIJA, M., Ž. ANTUNOVIĆ, S. ABDULLIN, and F. CHARLES. "LOW LUMINOSITY SUSY SEARCHES AT LARGE tanβ IN CMS." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 07 (March 7, 2000): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300000451.

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We evaluate the maximal reach of the CMS detector for the discovery of squarks and gluinos at large tan β=35 in [Formula: see text] final states during the initial low luminosity phase of LHC. For an integrated luminosity of 1 fb-1 a signal should be observed if squarks and gluinos have masses not exceeding ≈1.3 TeV.

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Hung, Chang-Tsen, Po-Fu Lee, Chi-Fang Lin, Chien-Chang Ho, Hui-Ling Chen, Jenn-Woei Hsieh, I.-Tung Lin, Hsing-Chun Kuo, Yu-Ting Lin, and Yun-Tsung Chen. "Cross-Correlations between Scientific Physical Fitness, Body Mass Index Distribution, and Overweight/Obesity Risks among Adults in Taiwan." Medicina 58, no. 12 (November 27, 2022): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58121739.

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Health-related physical fitness reduces the risk of chronic disease, promotes quality of life, and has enormous economic benefits considering the global health care costs resulting from obesity. However, relatively limited information is available regarding the dose–response relationship between scientific physical fitness and obesity risk. This study aimed to determine the associations of scientific physical fitness with body mass index (BMI) distribution and overweight/obesity risk among adults aged 23–64 years in Taiwan. We conducted a cross-sectional study and reviewed data derived from the Scientific Physical Fitness Testing Program, Sports Administration, Ministry of Education, Taiwan. Responses from 16,939 participants from the database (7761 men and 9178 women, aged 23–64 years) were collected in this study. Each participant completed a series of scientific physical fitness measurements, including cardiorespiratory fitness (3 min progressive knee-up and step [3MPKS] test), muscular fitness (hand grip strength), and flexibility (sit-and-reach test). Anthropometric measurements included body height, weight, and BMI. The quartiles of scientific physical fitness results were identified as the dependent variable in the multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the associations of the scientific physical fitness measurements with BMI distribution and overweight/obesity risk, as well as the dose–response relationship. The 3MPKS test was significantly associated with BMI (quartile 1 (Q1): β = 1.900; quartile 2 (Q2): β = 1.594; quartile 3 (Q3): β = 1.079 for men, and Q1: β = 1.454; Q2: β = 0.882; Q3: β = 0.555 for women), overweight (Q1: odds ratio (OR) = 2.117; Q2: OR = 2.056; Q3: OR = 2.063 for men, and Q1: OR = 3.036; Q2: OR = 2.542; Q3: OR = 1.959 for women), and obesity (Q1: OR = 6.530; Q2: OR = 5.747; Q3: OR = 3.557 for men, and Q1: OR = 3.238; Q2: OR = 1.431 for women) risk compared with quartile 4 (Q4) as the reference group with a dose–response relationship. In addition, relative hand grip strength was significantly associated with BMI (Q2: β = −0.922; Q3: β = −1.865; Q4: β = −3.108 for men, and Q2: β = −1.309; Q3: β = −2.161; Q4: β = −2.759 for women), overweight (Q2: OR = 0.806; Q3: OR = 0.697; Q4: OR = 0.278 for men, and Q2: OR = 0.667; Q3: OR = 0.398; Q4: OR = 0.228 for women), and obesity (Q1: OR = 0.528; Q2: OR = 0.206; Q3: OR = 0.049 for men, and Q1: OR = 0.351; Q2: OR = 0.129; Q3: OR = 0.051 for women) risk compared with Q1 as the reference group with a dose–response relationship. Higher levels of performance of the 3MPKS and relative grip strength tests were associated with lower BMI and overweight/obesity risk in both sexes. However, the sit-and-reach test was only partially related to BMI and overweight/obesity risk in both sexes. Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness were effective predictors of BMI distribution and overweight/obesity risk in Taiwanese adults.

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Nau, Roland, Jana Seele, and Helmut Eiffert. "New Antibiotics for the Treatment of Nosocomial Central Nervous System Infections." Antibiotics 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2024): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13010058.

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Nosocomial central nervous system (CNS) infections with carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Gram-negative and vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria are an increasing therapeutic challenge. Here, we review pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and clinical experiences with new antibiotics administered intravenously for the treatment of CNS infections by multi-resistant bacteria. Cefiderocol, a new siderophore extended-spectrum cephalosporin, pharmacokinetically behaves similar to established cephalosporins and at high doses will probably be a valuable addition in our therapeutic armamentarium for CNS infections. The new glycopeptides dalbavancin, telavancin, and oritavancin are highly bound to plasma proteins. Although effective in animal models of meningitis, it is unlikely that they reach effective cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations after intravenous administration alone. The β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations have the principal problem that both compounds must achieve adequate CSF concentrations. In the commercially available combinations, the dose of the β-lactamase inhibitor tends to be too low to achieve adequate CSF concentrations. The oxazolidinone tedizolid has a broader spectrum but a less suitable pharmacokinetic profile than linezolid. The halogenated tetracycline eravacycline does not reach CSF concentrations sufficient to treat colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria with usual intravenous dosing. Generally, treatment of CNS infections should be intravenous, whenever possible, to avoid adverse effects of intraventricular therapy (IVT). An additional IVT can overcome the limited penetration of many new antibiotics into CSF. It should be considered for patients in which the CNS infection responds poorly to systemic antimicrobial therapy alone.

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Coughlin, Eric R., and C. J. Nixon. "Stars Crushed by Black Holes. II. A Physical Model of Adiabatic Compression and Shock Formation in Tidal Disruption Events." Astrophysical Journal 926, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3fb9.

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Abstract We develop a Newtonian model of a deep tidal disruption event (TDE), for which the pericenter distance of the star, r p, is well within the tidal radius of the black hole, r t, i.e., when β ≡ r t/r p ≫ 1. We find that shocks form for β ≳ 3, but they are weak (with Mach numbers ∼1) for all β, and that they reach the center of the star prior to the time of maximum adiabatic compression for β ≳ 10. The maximum density and temperature reached during the TDE follow much shallower relations with β than the previously predicted ρ max ∝ β 3 and T max ∝ β 2 scalings. Below β ≃ 10, this shallower dependence occurs because the pressure gradient is dynamically significant before the pressure is comparable to the ram pressure of the free-falling gas, while above β ≃ 10, we find that shocks prematurely halt the compression and yield the scalings ρ max ∝ β 1.62 and T max ∝ β 1.12 . We find excellent agreement between our results and high-resolution simulations. Our results demonstrate that, in the Newtonian limit, the compression experienced by the star is completely independent of the mass of the black hole. We discuss our results in the context of existing (affine) models, polytropic versus non-polytropic stars, and general relativistic effects, which become important when the pericenter of the star nears the direct capture radius, at β ∼ 12.5 (2.7) for a solar-like star disrupted by a 106 M ⊙ (107 M ⊙) supermassive black hole.

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Li, Tianbo, and Hans G. Folkesson. "RNA interference for α-ENaC inhibits rat lung fluid absorption in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 290, no. 4 (April 2006): L649—L660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00205.2005.

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We used siRNA against the α-ENaC (epithelial Na channel) subunit to investigate ENaC involvement in lung fluid absorption in rats by the impermeable tracer technique during baseline and after β-adrenoceptor stimulation by terbutaline. Terbutaline stimulation of lung fluid absorption increased fluid absorption by 165% in pSi-0-pretreated rat lungs (irrelevant siRNA-generating plasmid). Terbutaline failed to increase lung fluid absorption in rats given the specific α-ENaC siRNA-generating plasmid (pSi-4). pSi-4 pretreatment reduced baseline lung fluid absorption by ∼30%. α-ENaC was undetectable in pSi-4-pretreated lungs, regardless of condition but was normal in pSi-0-pretreated lungs. We carried out a dose-response analysis where rats were given 0–200 μg/kg body wt pSi-4, and α-ENaC mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed. To reach IC50for α-ENaC mRNA expression, 32 μg/kg body wt pSi-4 was needed, and to reach IC50for α-ENaC protein expression, 59 μg/kg body wt pSi-4 was needed. We tested for lung tissue specificity and found no changes in β-ENaC expression, at either mRNA or protein level, as well as no changes in α1-Na-K-ATPase protein expression. We isolated alveolar epithelial type II cells 24 h after in vivo pSi-4 pretreatment. In these cells, α-ENaC mRNA was undetectable, demonstrating that alveolar epithelial ENaC expression was attenuated after intratracheal α-ENaC siRNA-generating plasmid DNA instillation. We tested for organ specificity and found no changes in kidney α- and β-ENaC mRNA and protein expression. Thus we provide conclusive evidence that β-adrenoceptor stimulation of lung fluid absorption is critically ENaC dependent, whereas baseline lung fluid absorption seemed less ENaC dependent.

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Neffati, Aïcha, Didier Hennequin, Benoît Basset, Leïla Chekir-Ghedira, Kamel Ghedira, Daniel Barillier, and Jérôme Ledauphin. "Influence of Growth Phase and Geographic Origin on the Essential Oil Composition of Pituranthos chloranthus from Tunisia." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 11 (November 2009): 1934578X0900401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900401127.

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The chemical compositions of the essential oils of Pituranthos chloranthus harvested at the vegetative, flower budding, flowering and fruiting stages from three distinct geographical areas of Tunisia were investigated using GC-FID and GC–MS. One hundred and fifty compounds were identified in which α-pinene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, β-myrcene, β-phellandrene, p-cymene, 8-methyldecanal, exo-2-hydroxycineole acetate and carvacrol could reach more than 10% of the total amount. However, this composition varied with respect to both the geographical area and the season. A clear discrimination of samples could be achieved by submitting the results to PLS discriminant analysis. p-Cymenene was only detected at the floral budding stage (February), whereas high amounts of exo-2-hydroxycineole and exo-2-hydroxycineole acetate were specific for the flowering period (April). Carvacrol was showed to be characteristic mainly of the fruiting period (August), whereas the vegetative state (November) could be distinguished from the others by the presence of α- and β-pinene. Limonene, camphene, geraniol and β-damascenone were likely to be specific for the essential oils of this species collected from the different regions of Tunisia.

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ŽIBRAT, Nika, Mihaela SKRT, and Polona JAMNIK. "Uporaba β-galaktozidaze na področju živilstva in prehrane." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 110, no. 1 (October 5, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2017.110.1.1.

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β-galactosidase is an enzyme with hydrolytic and transgalactosylation activity. The origin of the enzyme dictates the balance between both activities. Industrially used β-galactosidases are obtained with recombinant production from filamentus funghi <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. and yeasts <em>Kluyveromyces</em> sp. Recently thermostabile β-galactosidases have been subject of many research. The enzyme can be industrially used in free or immobilized form. Immobilization often provides better stability, reusability and lower expenses. Application of β-galactosidase is most common in food processing and nutrition, it is also used in medicine and ecology. Hydrolytic activity of the enzyme has long been used for reducing lactose content in milk, while transgalactosylitic activity is used for synthesis of products such as galactooligosaccharides, lactosucrose and others. The latter have a great potential in food industry for obtaining products with reduced lactose content and increasing of nutritional value by adding dietetic fibers such as galactooligosaccharides. Despite the potential it is vital that reaction mechanisms become better understood and optimization is in place in order to reach the usability of this enzyme at industrial level.

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Grivickas, P., R. A. Austin, M. R. Armstrong, H. B. Radousky, and J. L. Belof. "Phase transitions in Zr at sub-nanosecond time scales." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 8 (February 28, 2022): 085902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080508.

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Solid-solid phase transitions are investigated in Zr thin films using shock compression induced by a short laser pulse (<1 ns). Shock wave profiles are measured at free surfaces for films of different thicknesses (a few micrometers) using chirped-pulse line velocimetry with 10 ps time resolution. Experiments are performed at pressures up to ∼50 GPa, which is sufficient to reach the ω and β phases under equilibrium conditions. The shock wave structures are analyzed using a general Lagrangian analysis method, which allows for the calculation of stress–strain paths and assessments of phase transition behavior. In agreement with recent short laser pulse experiments using ultra-fast x-ray diffraction, we do not find any clear evidence of the α–ω transition, though this would be expected from the phase diagram. Instead, we infer a direct transformation to a metastable β-phase at lower shock pressures (<20 GPa) and equilibrium β at higher pressures. Through the velocimetry analysis, we find α–β transformation onset times of less than ∼100 ps and completion times of less than ∼200 ps.

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Döbelin, Nicola, Laëtitia Galea, Urs Eggenberger, José M. F. Ferreira, and Marc Bohner. "Recrystallization of Amorphized α-TCP." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.219.

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Phase-pure α-TCP powder was milled using a high-energy planetary mill to obtain a partially X-ray amorphous material. Calcination at temperatures between 350 and 600 °C was employed to recrystallize the powder. The phase composition as a function of calcination time and temperature was determinedin-situusing high-temperature XRD equipment. It was found that the amorphous fraction recrystallized mainly to α-TCP, with only small amounts of β-TCP formed. At low temperatures (≤ 450 °C), a stable composition with approximately 85 wt-% α-TCP was found once 100% crystallinity was reached. The time required to reach full crystallinity depended on the calcination temperature. For temperatures > 450 °C a slow transformation to β-TCP was observed. The transformation rate depended on the calcination temperature and on the milling intensity. A moderately milled powder recrystallized to α-TCP, followed by a slow transformation to β-TCP at 600 °C, whereas an intensely milled powder also recrystallized to α-TCP, followed by a fast transformation to β-TCP at the same temperature.

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Wang, Wei Qi, Yu Lan Yang, Yong Qiang Zhang, Feng Li Li, Hui Li Yang, and Ping Hui Zhang. "The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength and High-Toughness Titanium Alloy BTi-6554 Bar." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.173.

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This paper is concert about the mechanical property of high strength and high toughness titanium alloy BTi-6554 (Ti-6Cr-5Mo-5V-4Al) bars. The results show that: in β-phase zone solid solution + aging treatment condition, the strength and fracture toughness of the alloy at room temperature can reach a higher level while inα+β)-phase solution + aging treatment condition, the plastic property is relatively high. Compared with Ti-1023 and VT22 alloy bars produced by the similar processing procedure, the alloy shows improved properties combined in strength and toughness. BTi-6554 is a new type of titanium alloy with high structural efficiency, and has a good prospect for commercial and application.

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Hao, Shi Ming, and Hui Fang Wang. "Effect of Nano-Al₂O₃ on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al₂O₃/Si₃N₄ Compound Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1846.

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The specimens of Al2O3/Si3N4 compound ceramics which contain 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, and 18% nano-Al2O3 additions respectively were obtained by pressureless sintering at 1650 in the nitrogen atmosphere. The bending strength and fracture toughness (KIC) were detected. The microstructure and phase composition of the specimens were analyzed by the means of SEM and X-ray. The results show that Al2O3/Si3N4 compound ceramics can be made only using pressureless sintering. With 9-12% nano-Al2O3addition, the specimens have the top mechanical properties. The bending strength reach 710.86MPa, KIC reach 8.61MPa•M1/2. These excellent properties come from many interwoven nitride distributed uniformly in the Al2O3/Si3N4 compound ceramics matrix, which composed of big and firmly plate-like β- Si3N4, hexagonal Sialon and sheet Si2N2O.

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Trovato, Alexa, Matthew C. Leinung, Jalaja Joseph, and Son Nguyen. "Achieving Physiologic 17-ẞ-Estradiol Levels in Transgender Females on Estradiol Transdermal Patches and Optimal Dosing." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A787—A788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1602.

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Abstract Purpose: Gender dysphoria is defined as a significant incongruence between an individual’s experienced gender and the gender assigned at birth, leading to persistent distress. Hormone therapy and gender affirmation surgery improve gender dysphoria by mitigating or completely removing undesirable primary/secondary sexual characteristics which would better align with one’s physical and psychological features. Maintaining cross-sex hormone levels in the physiologic range for the preferred gender is the basis of transgender hormonal therapy. For trans females (MTF), estradiol is most commonly administered orally, and studies have shown this route is often successful in achieving therapeutic hormone levels. However, there is wide individual variability in the dose response to oral estradiol, and approximately 25% of patients will not reach therapeutic goal on maximum oral estradiol. Furthermore, high dose oral estrogen has been associated with increased thrombotic risk, especially in older individuals. The efficacy or optimal dose of adding or switching to the transdermal route is not known. We investigated the efficacy of estradiol transdermal patches and the optimal dose to reach therapeutic goal. Methods: A chart review was conducted of all MTF patients who were treated with estradiol transdermal patches in our transgender clinic from 2006 through 2020. We looked at the success of achieving physiologic serum 17-β-estradiol levels (with and without antiandrogens spironolactone and finasteride) on various doses of estradiol transdermal patches. Target serum level for estradiol >100 pg/mL is recommended (but may be lower in certain clinical circumstances). Results: 371 MTF patients were identified, 41 received an estradiol transdermal patch. Of these 41 patients, 16 of them were placed on a transdermal patch due to failure to achieve target 17-β-estradiol levels on maximal oral therapy. We found that 9 of these 16 patients achieved goal estrogen levels, as well as one patient very near goal. Of the 7 who did not reach goal, only 2 were on patch doses >60 mcg/day. The majority who reached goal serum estradiol levels were taking a dose of 100 mcg/daily. When considering all MTF patients on the highest dose (100 mcg) of transdermal estrogen, 11 of 18 attained goal level, as well as one just under goal. Of the 41 MTF patients taking a transdermal patch, only 6 of them had serum estrogen levels lowered from being at goal on oral therapy. Thirteen patients had their estrogen levels improve to reach goal when placed on patch (4 as add-on therapy). Conclusions: Our study supports the findings that using an estradiol transdermal patch can help MTF patients achieve goal 17-β-estradiol levels. This delivery method can be useful for patients unable to reach goal on oral agents and for patients at higher thrombotic risk. The highest dose patch available is often needed to achieve therapeutic goal.

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Karim, H. S., M. W. Zainulabidden, and D. A. Sabir. "COMPARISON OF THE RESPONSIBILITY TO EXTRACT AND PURIFY β -GLUCAN OF SOME CEREAL GRAINS FOR SPECIFIC METHOD." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 5 (October 21, 2021): 1238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i5.1461.

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The current study prioritized certain popular local cereal species like Wheat, Oat, Rye and two local Barley varieties known as Aksad and Amal to extract their β- glucan using alchemical methods. The results of this study indicated that rye contained the lower percentage of β-glucans (0.756%) whereas, both types of barley Aksad and Amal contained highest amount (9.489%) and (7.395%) respectively. However, the results showed that the crude extracted of β- glucans from wheat, oat, rye, barley (Aksad) and barley (Amal) were 0.373,1.409, 0.26, 2.287 and 1.855 g/100g flour respectively which was reflected the efficiency of extraction process which ranged between 8.83 ± 0.01for wheat to 34.39 ± 0.02 for rye, the precipitating by ammonium sulfate were useful for purifying of oat and barley β- glucan which their purity increased to about 10- 15% to reach their purity to 84.88 for barley (Amal) to 95.18% for oat. All the bands of Ft-IR Spectra showed to take place absorbance at these regions by β- glucan are present in the all scanned studied samples with some differences in their areas and absorbance. A robust and sharp peak at 1304.37 cm-1 appeared only with the control sample while it is absent in the studied β-glucan. Results of HPLC illustrated that all purified cereal β- glucan appeared only one peak at the same Retention time RT of standard oat β- glucan which ranged between 17.429 to 17.453 min.

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Peng, Ying, Huan Wang, Jing Zhou, and Dongmei Li. "Clinical Efficacy of β-Sodium Aescinate Injection Combined with Rehabilitation for Preventing Post-Surgical Swelling and Relieving Pain in Pediatric Lower Extremity Fractures." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 18, no. 4 (July 1, 2024): 694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2404.

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Lower extremity fractures (LEFs) are a severe form of extremity trauma. β-sodium aescinate (β-SA), derived from dried fruits of Aesulus wilsonii, is commonly used in clinical practice to treat post-surgical swelling. In this study, we aim to investigate the preventive effects of β-SA injection on carrageenan-induced paw swelling in rats and its efficacy in 70 pediatric patients who received surgery for LEFs and rehabilitation plans. The rats were divided into three groups: a vehicle group received 2.5 mg/kg normal saline and two treatment groups received a tail vein injection of either 1 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg β-SA. Our results demonstrated that treatment with 2.5 mg/kg β-SA increased the time required for paw volume to reach peak value and markedly reduced inflammation factor levels compared to the group treated with normal saline or 1 mg/kg β-SA (P <0.05). In pediatric patients, after administration of β-SA with rehabilitation plans, the mean swelling score for affected limbs was 1.13 (±0.81), which was significantly lower than the score of 1.71 (±1.04) observed in those treated with mannitol injection and rehabilitation plans (P <0.05). A significant difference in therapeutic response between these two groups of patients (P = 0.023). Furthermore, pediatric patients receiving β-SA injection with rehabilitation plans exhibited lower FLACC scores and higher FMA scores compared to those receiving mannitol injection with rehabilitation plans (P <0.05). In conclusion, β-SA injection combined with rehabilitation plans could significantly prevent post-surgical swelling and alleviate pain in pediatric patients with LEFs.

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Ozorio, Luísa, Caroline Mellinger-Silva, Lourdes M. C. Cabral, Julien Jardin, Gaelle Boudry, and Didier Dupont. "The Influence of Peptidases in Intestinal Brush Border Membranes on the Absorption of Oligopeptides from Whey Protein Hydrolysate: An Ex Vivo Study Using an Ussing Chamber." Foods 9, no. 10 (October 7, 2020): 1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9101415.

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For many years, it was believed that only amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides could be absorbed and thus reach the bloodstream. Nowadays, the bioavailability of oligopeptides is also considered possible, leading to new research. This pilot study investigates the activity of brush border enzymes on undigested whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) and on simulated intestinal digested (ID) whey hydrolysate and the subsequent absorption of resultant peptides through the proximal jejunum of a 7-week old piglet setup in an Ussing chamber model. Amongst all samples taken, 884 oligopeptides were identified. The brush border peptidase activity was intense in the first 10 min of the experiment, producing several new peptides in the apical compartment. With respect to the ID substrate, 286 peptides were detected in the basolateral compartment after 120 min of enzyme activity, originating from β-lactoglobulin (60%) and β-casein (20%). Nevertheless, only 0.6 to 3.35% of any specific peptide could pass through the epithelial barrier and thus reach the basolateral compartment. This study demonstrates transepithelial jejunum absorption of whey oligopeptides in an ex vivo model. It also confirmed the proteolytic activity of brush border enzymes on these oligopeptides, giving birth to a myriad of new bioactive peptides available for absorption.

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Turner, Lindsey, and Frank J. Chaloupka. "Reach and Implementation of Physical Activity Breaks and Active Lessons in Elementary School Classrooms." Health Education & Behavior 44, no. 3 (September 8, 2016): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198116667714.

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The integration of physical activity into elementary school classrooms, through brief activity breaks (ABs) and lessons that incorporate movement into instruction as active lessons (ALs), are key parts of school physical activity programming and can improve children’s health and academic outcomes. With nationally representative survey data from 640 public elementary schools in the United States, we examined the use of these practices and the extent of implementation within classrooms. ALs were used in 71.7% of schools, and ABs were used in 75.6% of schools. In multivariate models, ALs were significantly less likely to be used in majority-Latino schools (adjusted odds ratio = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [0.25, 0.93], p < .05) than in predominantly White schools. ABs were significantly less likely to be used in lower socioeconomic schools (adjusted odds ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [0.34, 0.95], p < .05) than in higher socioeconomic schools. At schools where ABs were ever used, they were used by 45.6% of teachers, but fewer teachers used them at larger schools (β = −.08, p < .01) and at lower socioeconomic schools (β = −.09, p < .05). The reach of ALs and ABs is modest and classroom-level implementation is quite low. Additional dissemination and support is warranted to improve the reach and implementation of these strategies in elementary schools. Such efforts could improve the school-day experience in ways that benefit millions of young children.

Journal articles on the topic 'Β-reach'

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