Relevant bibliographies by topics / Β-crystallin

Academic literature on the topic 'Β-crystallin'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Β-crystallin"

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Belisle, E. H., S. W. Su, B. W. Lubit, and S. C. J. Fu. "Homology among β-crystallins: Monoclonal antibodies to β-heavy crystallin." Current Eye Research 6, no. 8 (January 1987): 951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713688709034866.

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Hejtmancik, J. F., P. T. Wingfield, and Y. V. Sergeev. "β-Crystallin association." Experimental Eye Research 79, no. 3 (September 2004): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2004.06.011.

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Song, In-Kang, Seungjin Na, Eunok Paek, and Kong-Joo Lee. "Cataract-Associated New Mutants S175G/H181Q of βΒ2-Crystallin and P24S/S31G of γD-Crystallin Are Involved in Protein Aggregation by Structural Changes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 6504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186504.

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β/γ-Crystallins, the main structural protein in human lenses, have highly stable structure for keeping the lens transparent. Their mutations have been linked to cataracts. In this study, we identified 10 new mutations of β/γ-crystallins in lens proteomic dataset of cataract patients using bioinformatics tools. Of these, two double mutants, S175G/H181Q of βΒ2-crystallin and P24S/S31G of γD-crystallin, were found mutations occurred in the largest loop linking the distant β-sheets in the Greek key motif. We selected these double mutants for identifying the properties of these mutations, employing biochemical assay, the identification of protein modifications with nanoUPLC-ESI-TOF tandem MS and examining their structural dynamics with hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). We found that both double mutations decrease protein stability and induce the aggregation of β/γ-crystallin, possibly causing cataracts. This finding suggests that both the double mutants can serve as biomarkers of cataracts.
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Feng, Jinhua, David L. Smith, and Jean B. Smith. "Human Lens β-Crystallin Solubility." Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, no. 16 (April 14, 2000): 11585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.16.11585.

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James, M., and C. Crabbe. "Partial sequence homologies between cytoskeletal proteins, c-myc, Rous sarcoma virus and adenovirus proteins, transducin, and β- and γ-crystallins." Bioscience Reports 5, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01117063.

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Computer based sequence comparisons indicate partial sequence homology between human c-myc, Rous sarcoma virus, adenovirus 7, and simian sarcoma virus proteins and the cytoskeletal proteins desmin, keratin and vimentin. In addition, sections of the oncogene proteins showed partial but significant homology to α and β subunits of transducin, γ-II and β-BP crystallins showed partial but significant homology to the cytoskeletal proteins keratin, vimentin, desmin, α and β-tubulin, and to adenovirus 7 and simian sarcoma virus transforming gene proteins. β-BP crystallin showed partial but significant homology to Rous sarcoma virus protein, and to α and y subunits of transducin. Both crystallins showed partial sequence homology to the GTP-binding protein elongation factor TU from Escherichia coli. These sequence homologies suggest a link between the mechanisms of normal lens cell differentiation, involving modifications to the cytoskeleton and subsequent changes to the pattern of protein synthesis, and mechanisms of neoplastic transformation. Furthermore the transducin-like region on β-crystallin may be important for its interaction with lens membranes and the maintenance of short-range order for lens transparency.
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Pan, F. M., W. C. Chang, S. F. Lu, A. L. Hsu, and S. H. Chiou. "Sequence Analysis of One Major Basic β-Crystallin (β-Bp) of Amphibian Lenses - Evolutionary Comparison and Phylogenetic Relatedness Between β-Crystallin and γ-Crystallin." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 217, no. 3 (December 1995): 940–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1995.2861.

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Leng, Xiao-Yao, Sha Wang, Ni-Qian Cao, Liang-Bo Qi, and Yong-Bin Yan. "The N-Terminal Extension of βB1-Crystallin Chaperones β-Crystallin Folding and Cooperates with αA-Crystallin." Biochemistry 53, no. 15 (April 8, 2014): 2464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi500146d.

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Leng, Xiao-Yao, Hai-Yun Li, Jing Wang, Liang-Bo Qi, Yi-Bo Xi, and Yong-Bin Yan. "Congenital microcornea-cataract syndrome-causing mutation X253R increases βB1-crystallin hydrophobicity to promote aggregate formation." Biochemical Journal 473, no. 14 (July 12, 2016): 2087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160247.

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The high solubility and lifelong stability of crystallins are crucial to the maintenance of lens transparency and optical properties. Numerous crystallin mutations have been linked to congenital cataract, which is one of the leading causes of newborn blindness. Besides cataract, several crystallin mutations have also been linked to syndromes such as congenital microcornea-cataract syndrome (CMCC). However, the molecular mechanism of CMCC caused by crystallin mutations remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of CMCC caused by the X253R mutation in βB1-crystallin. The exogenously expressed X253R proteins were prone to form p62-negative aggregates in HeLa cells, strongly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. The intracellular X253R aggregates could be successfully redissolved by lanosterol but not cholesterol. The extra 26 residues at the C-terminus of βB1-crystallin introduced by the X253R mutation had little impact on βB1-crystallin structure and stability, but increased βB1-crystallin hydrophobicity and decreased its solubility. Interestingly, the X253R mutant fully abolished the aggregatory propensity of βB1- and βA3/βB1-crystallins at high temperatures, suggesting that X253R was an aggregation-inhibition mutation of β-crystallin homomers and heteromers in dilute solutions. Our results suggest that an increase in hydrophobicity and a decrease in solubility might be responsible for cataractogenesis induced by the X253R mutation, while the cytotoxic effect of X253R aggregates might contribute to the defects in ocular development. Our results also highlight that, at least in some cases, the aggregatory propensity in dilute solutions could not fully mimic the behaviours of mutated proteins in the crowded cytoplasm of the cells.
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Wang, Sha, Xiao-Yao Leng, and Yong-Bin Yan. "The Benefits of Being β-Crystallin Heteromers: βB1-Crystallin Protects βA3-Crystallin against Aggregation during Co-refolding." Biochemistry 50, no. 48 (December 6, 2011): 10451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi201375p.

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Raman, Bakthisaran, Tadato Ban, Miyo Sakai, Saloni Y. Pasta, Tangirala Ramakrishna, Hironobu Naiki, Yuji Goto, and Ch Mohan Rao. "αB-crystallin, a small heat-shock protein, prevents the amyloid fibril growth of an amyloid β-peptide and β2-microglobulin." Biochemical Journal 392, no. 3 (December 6, 2005): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050339.

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αB-crystallin, a small heat-shock protein, exhibits molecular chaperone activity. We have studied the effect of αB-crystallin on the fibril growth of the Aβ (amyloid β)-peptides Aβ-(1–40) and Aβ-(1–42). αB-crystallin, but not BSA or hen egg-white lysozyme, prevented the fibril growth of Aβ-(1–40), as revealed by thioflavin T binding, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and CD spectroscopy. Comparison of the activity of some mutants and chimaeric α-crystallins in preventing Aβ-(1–40) fibril growth with their previously reported chaperone ability in preventing dithiothreitol-induced aggregation of insulin suggests that there might be both common and distinct sites of interaction on α-crystallin involved in the prevention of amorphous aggregation of insulin and fibril growth of Aβ-(1–40). αB-crystallin also prevents the spontaneous fibril formation (without externally added seeds) of Aβ-(1–42), as well as the fibril growth of Aβ-(1–40) when seeded with the Aβ-(1–42) fibril seed. Sedimentation velocity measurements show that αB-crystallin does not form a stable complex with Aβ-(1–40). The mechanism by which it prevents the fibril growth differs from the known mechanism by which it prevents the amorphous aggregation of proteins. αB-crystallin binds to the amyloid fibrils of Aβ-(1–40), indicating that the preferential interaction of the chaperone with the fibril nucleus, which inhibits nucleation-dependent polymerization of amyloid fibrils, is the mechanism that is predominantly involved. We found that αB-crystallin prevents the fibril growth of β2-microglobulin under acidic conditions. It also retards the depolymerization of β2-microglobulin fibrils, indicating that it can interact with the fibrils. Our study sheds light on the role of small heat-shock proteins in protein conformational diseases, particularly in Alzheimer's disease.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Β-crystallin"

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Zhu, Zhihui [Verfasser]. "Functional studies of β-arresting and αB-crystallin as interaction partners of PAR-1 and PAR-2 and their involvement in protective and proliferative signaling pathways in astrocytes / Zhihui Zhu." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/106009679X/34.

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Abdulrahman, Amal. "Poly (ethylene glycol)/ β - cyclodextrin crystalline inclusion complexes." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2016. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3200.

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The slightly water-soluble β-CD and its crystalline inclusion complexes with different molecular weights of poly( ethylene glycol), abbreviated as PEG, were prepared and characterized. The results show that the β -CD forms a crystalline inclusion complex with PEG (MW 600) and PEG (MW 1500) in the solid state. In the solution state, 2D NMR spectroscopy, shows that the PEG is present in the cavity of the P-CD. Coherent cross peaks were observed in both 2D NMR NOESY and ROESY showing correlation between the inner and outer protons of β -CD with the repeating unit of PEG. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the formation water soluble crystalline complexes between the β -CD with the amorphous PEG (MW 600) and PEG (MW 1500). Crystal formation was supported by wide angle X-Ray studies, W AXD. W AXD patterns for the β-CD/PEG crystalline complexes show new peaks indicative of formation of structures different from the crystalline β-CD.
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Muir, Matthew Stewart. "Proteomics of the ovine cataract." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/792.

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The lens of the eye needs to be completely transparent in order to allow all light entering the eye to reach the retina. This transparency is maintained by the highly ordered structure of the lens proteins the crystallins. Any disruption to the lens proteins can cause an opacity to develop which is known as cataract. During cortical cataract formation there is increased truncation of the lens crystallins. It is believed that overactivation of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, the calpains, is responsible for the increased proteolysis of the crystallins seen during cataractogenesis. Within the ovine lens there are three calpains, calpain 1, 2 and the lens specific calpain Lp82. The aim of this thesis was to determine the changes in the lens proteins during ageing and cataractogenesis, and to establish the role of the calpains in these processes. Calpain 1 and 2 were purified from ovine lung and Lp82 was purified from lamb lenses using chromatography. Activity and presence of the calpains was determined by using the BODIPY-FL casein assay, gel electrophoresis, Western blot and casein zymography. Changes in the lens proteins, specifically the crystallins, were visualised using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Lenses from fetal, 6 month old and 8 year old sheep were collected, as well as stage 0, 1, 3 and 6 cataractous ovine lenses. The proteins from the lenses were separated into the water soluble and urea soluble fractions and analysed by 2DE. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the masses and therefore modifications of the crystallins. Finally, the individual crystallins were separated using gel filtration chromatography and incubated with the purified calpains in the presence of calcium. The extent of the proteolysis was visualised using 2DE and truncation sites determined by mass spectrometry. Purification of the calpains resulted in samples that were specific for each calpain and could be used in further experiments. 2DE analysis showed that there were changes to the crystallins during maturation of the lens. The α-crystallins become increasingly phosphorylated as the lens ages and a small amount becomes truncated. The β-crystallins were also modified during ageing by truncation and deamidation. When crystallins from cataractous lenses were compared using 2DE there were changes to both the α- and β-crystallins. The α-crystallins were found to be extensively truncated at their C-terminal tail. Four of the seven β-crystallins, βB1, βB3, βB2 and βA3, showed increased truncation of their N-terminal extensions during cataract formation. All three calpains truncated αA and αB-crystallin at their C-terminal ends after incubation. Calpain 2 and Lp82 each produced unique αA-crystallin truncations. All three calpains truncated βB1 and βA3 and calpain 2 also truncated βB3. When the truncations from the calpain incubations were compared to those seen during cataract formation, many of the truncations were found to be similar. Both the unique truncations from calpain 2 and Lp82 were found in cataractous lenses, with the Lp82 more obvious in the 2DE. The β-crystallin truncations found after incubation with the calpains were similar to those found during cataractogenesis. In conclusion this study documents the changes to the ovine lens during maturation and cataractogenesis and indicates a role for the calpain family in the increased proteolysis observed in the ovine cataract.
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Chih-YungYang and 楊智詠. "Synthesis and properties of single-crystalline β-FeSi2 nanowires." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7z2fyj.

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碩士
國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系碩博士班
101
In this study, self-catalyzed β-FeSi2 nanowires were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition method where the fabrication of β-FeSi2 nanowires occurred on Si(100) substrates through the decomposition of the single-source precursor of anhydrous FeCl3 powders. We carefully varied temperatures, duration time and the flow rates of carrier gases to control and investigate the growth of the nanowires. we can find that β-FeSi2 nanowires grow at about 750 ℃~ 850 ℃ and they are longer and thinner with increasing temperature . The number of nanowires was found fewer at higher gas flow rate, and the flow is less than 50sccm may have different phases appear. It is found that the longer duration time makes longer nanowires. β-FeSi2 in the PL IR spectra test can be found that there is a peak at 1380nm, it can be used as a light-emitting diode applications.The magnetism of β-FeSi2 nanowires is interesting as the result of various dimensions with different futures. β-FeSi2 bulk is non-magnetic,thin film ferromagnetic only below 100K, and in the magnetic analysis , there are room temperature ferromagnetic properties at the β-FeSi2 nanowires. In the field emission measurements, β-FeSi2 were good field emission materials.
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MANG, MIN-CHONG, and 方銘崇. "reparation and confirmation of β-form cefazolin crystallize." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57432452327071605474.

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Wei-JieHuang and 黃韋傑. "Synthesis and properties of morphology-improved single crystalline FeSi and β-FeSi2 nanowires." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qn6j62.

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Tsai, Shao-Ling, and 蔡韶玲. "β-Diketone, Pyrazole and Isoxazole Derivatives with Polar Groups: Liquid Crystalline and Thermodynamic Properties." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66543881468988295014.

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碩士
國立中央大學
化學研究所
95
In this serie, we report the synthesis, characterization and mesomorphic properties of two series of new mesogenic derivatives based on pyrazole and isoxazole structures. All compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The phase behaviors of these mesogenic compounds were characterized and studied by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarization optical microscope. In serie one, a new type of mesogenic compounds derived from heterocyclic pyrazole and isoxazole (Iz-Cn) were prepared and studied. All compounds exhibited smectic phases depending on the carbon length attached. Replacing hydrogen atom of pyrazole by methyl group (Mpz-Cn), ethanol group (Epz-Cn) and pyridinal group (Ppz-Cn) were carried out and the mesomorphic behavior studied. In serie two, we designed and characterized a series of asymmetrical of organic molecules Hpz-Cn-OH derived from pyrazole with one side chains. These compounds exhibited smectic phases.
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Book chapters on the topic "Β-crystallin"

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Errington, L. H., D. J. Bower, and R. M. Clayton. "Identification and Characterization of a Chick αA2 Crystallin Genomic Clone and Preliminary Identification of a Chick β- Crystallin cDNA Clone." In Coordinated Regulation of Gene Expression, 371–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2245-0_32.

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Driessen, Huub. "β,γ-Crystallins." In Protein Structure — Function Relationship, 61–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0359-6_7.

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Shi, Guanyi. "Recent Studies on β-Crystalline Form of Isotactic Polypropylene." In Progress in Pacific Polymer Science 3, 259–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78759-1_22.

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Brahim, Nasséra Ben, Majda Rahal-Sekkal, Jean-Pierre Huvenne, and Gérard Vergoten. "mUBSFF calculations of the β-D-Fructopyranose in the crystalline state." In Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules: New Directions, 427–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4479-7_192.

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Mikami, Koichi. "Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Diastereomeric α- or β-CF3Liquid Crystalline Molecules." In ACS Symposium Series, 255–69. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0746.ch018.

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Chiellini, E., G. Galli, A. S. Angeloni, and M. Laus. "Synthesis and Chemical Modification of Chiral Liquid-Crystalline Poly(ester β-sulfide)s." In ACS Symposium Series, 79–92. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0435.ch006.

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Nordquist, P. E. R., H. Lessoff, R. J. Gorman, and M. L. Gipe. "Crystalline Defects in β-SiC as Revealed by a NaOH-KOH Eutectic Etch." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 119–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75048-9_23.

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Fuma, H., A. Miura, H. Tadano, S. Sugiyama, and M. Takigawa. "Fabrication of MOSFETs on β-SiC Single Crystalline Layers Grown on Si(100) Substrates." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 178–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75048-9_37.

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"Crystallins, α-, β-, γ-." In Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 447. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_3886.

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Jolivet, Jean-Pierre. "Nanomaterials: Specificities of Properties and Synthesis." In Metal Oxide Nanostructures Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190928117.003.0004.

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The concept of material concerns matter in solid state that is endowed with usable properties for practical applications. It is indeed in the solid state that matter exhibits the highest mechanical strength and chemical inertness, providing solidity and sustainability because the solid is based on an extended stiff crystalline framework. It is also in the solid state that many properties exist, including optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, providing great technological progress. A typical example is electronics which owes its enormous development to doped silicon. A material may therefore be defined as a useful solid. The properties of a solid depend directly on its chemical composition, crystalline and electronic structures, texture, as well as morphology and casting. This last point, which is often neglected, is illustrated by amorphous silica glass, which is used largely for its properties such as chemical inertness, mechanical strength, optical transparency, and low thermal and electrical conductivities. These various properties are highlighted through the many possibilities of casting and shaping: flat glass (optical transparency for glazing); hollow glass (chemical inertness and mechanical strength for bottling); short fibers (glass wool for heat insulation) and long fibers (optical fibers); massive pieces (insulators for electric power lines); and thin films (insulating layers for miniaturized electronics). Metal oxides exhibit a wide range of exploitable properties useful for innumerable applications. Silica, SiO2, as flat glass, has excellent optical properties, but other oxides such as LiNbO3 and KTiOPO4 exhibit interesting nonlinear optical properties, allowing changes in the wavelength of the transmitted light. Certain oxides are good electrical insulators (SiO2), but others are true elec­tronic conductors (VO2, NaxWO3), ionic conductors (β-alumina NaAl11O17, NaSiCON Na3Zr2PSi2O12, yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia Zr1–xYxO2–x/ 2), and also superconductors (cuprates such as YBa2Cu3O7–x and Bi4Sr3Ca3Cu4O16+x). Compounds such as BaTiO3, PbZr1–xTixO3, and PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 are ferroelectric solids used largely as miniaturized electronic components, whereas spinel ferrite γ-Fe2O3, barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19, and garnet Y3Fe5O12 are more or less coercive ferrimagnetic solids used in magnetic recording or as permanent magnets.
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Conference papers on the topic "Β-crystallin"

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Gabunia, D. L., T. Sh Badzagua, M. K. Tsomaya, D. T. Lezhava, D. N. Avlokhashvili, N. T. Maisuradze, and R. N. Dekanosidze. "The real structure of crushing products of crystalline β-rhombohedral boron." In Boron-rich solids. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40833.

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Waltermire, Scott W., Juekuan Yang, Deyu Li, and Terry T. Xu. "Thermal Conductivity of α-Tetragonal Boron Nanoribbons." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88347.

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Elemental boron has many interesting properties, such as high melting point, low density, high hardness, high Young’s modulus, good oxidation resistance, resulting from its complex crystalline structure from its electron-deficient nature. Boron forms complex crystalline structures according to the various arrangements of B12 icosahedra in the lattice, such as α (B12)- and β (B105)-rhombohedral and α (B50)- and β (B196)-tetragonal boron polymorphs, among others. Even though considerable materials research has been conducted over the past half century on boron and boron-based compounds, investigating their unique structures and corresponding properties, our understanding of this complex class of materials is still poor, compared to some other well-studied materials with much simpler structures such as silicon. Thermal transport studies through bulk boron have been performed mainly on β-rhombohedral and amorphous boron, because of the difficulty to grow high quality bulk α-rhombohedral boron samples [1–3]. Some efforts have been made to measure B12As2, B12P2, AlB12 samples that have an α-rhombohedral form [2,3]. There is almost no information available on α-tetragonal boron. However, Slack predicted the thermal conductivity of α-boron should be ∼200 W/m-K at room temperature, which is 1/2 that of copper. Large phonon mean free path has been predicted for α-boron (from ∼200 nm at room temperature to 6 nm at the Debye temperature), which could lead to interesting thermal transport properties for low dimensional boron structures.
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Abdul-kareem, Asma Abdulgader, Noura AlSanari, Amal Daifallah, Radwa Mohamed, Jolly Bhadra, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, and Noora Al-Thani. "Piezoelectric Nanogenerators based on Pvdf-Hfp/Zno Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites for Self-Powering Devices." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0054.

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Due to the rising global concern over energy catastrophe and environmental issues, attention has been diverted towards future energy. In recent times, rechargeable power and renewable energy sources have been considered as an attractive substitute for resolving the future environmental problems. Among them, mechanical energy is one of the most abundant energy sources, and easily transformable to other useful energy forms, such as electrical energy. For such purposes, piezoelectric materials with ability to convert the mechanical energy generated by various activities into electrical energy. In this research work, we have investigated the morphology, structure and piezoelectric performances of neat polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), PVDF-HFP/ZnO, PVDFHFP/ Mesoporous silica, PVDF-HFP 1% and PVDF-HFP 3% ZnO-Mesoporous silica nanofibers, fabricated by electrospinning. Both SEM and TEM images of ZnO nanoparticles shows formation of uniform flake of about 5nm diameter and Mesoporous silica shows uniform spherical morphology with average diameter of 5 μm. EDX plot justifies the presences of Zn, O and Si. An increase in the amount of crystalline β-phase of PVDF-HFP has been observed with the introduction of ZnO and mesoporous silica in the PVDF-HFP matrix are observed in FTIR spectra. All the XRD peaks observed in neat PVDF has the strongest intensity compared to rest of the other XRD peaks of polymer nanocomposite. The XRD spectra of all the nanocomposites have peaks at 17.8°, 18.6° correspond to α- crystalline phase, the peaks observed at 19°, 20.1° correspond to the γ- crystalline phase, and the peak at 20.6° corresponds to the β- crystalline phase. The flexible nanogenerator manipulated from the polymer nanocomposite with 1% ZnO-Mesoporous silica exhibits an output voltage as high as 2 V compared with the neat PVDF-HFP sample (~120 mV). These results indicate that the investigated nanocomposite is appropriate for fabricating various flexible and wearable self-powered electrical devices and systems.
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Lutz, Bert, Marjan Olthof, Hendrik J. Luinge, and John H. van der Maas. "Hydrogen bonding in crystalline sugars: a variable-temperature FTIR study on methyl β-D-galactopyranoside." In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy: Ninth International Conference, edited by John E. Bertie and Hal Wieser. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.166635.

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Sun, L., C. C. Berndt, R. S. Lima, A. Kucuk, and K. A. Khor. "Effects of Spraying Parameters on Phase Formation and Distribution in Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coatings." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0803.

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Abstract Calcined spray-dried hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)(OH)6; i.e., HA) powders were atmospherically plasma sprayed (APS) using various process parameters. The resulting phases within the coating surface and the interface between the coating and the substrate were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. This XRD revealed the presence of both amorphous (i.e., amorphous calcium phosphate: ACP) and crystalline phases. The crystalline phases included both HA and some impurity phases from the decomposition of HA, such as tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP and β-TCP), tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and calcium oxide (CaO). The crystallinity of HA decreased with increasing spray power and stand-off distance (SOD). The percentage of all impurity phases increased with the spray power. The percentage of both TCP and TTCP decreased with the SOD while the CaO percentage increased. In addition, the percentage of ACP and CaO were higher in the interface than at the surface of the coating while the percentage of TCP and TTCP exhibited the opposite effect.
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Armstrong, Nicholas, Peter A. Lynch, Sitarama R. Kada, Pavel Cizek, Justin A. Kimpton, and Ross A. Antoniou. "Bayesian Analysis of In-Situ High-Resolution X-Ray Diffraction Synchrotron Experiments of Ti-6Al-4V Specimens Undergoing Tensile Loading." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91230.

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Abstract Linking the accumulation of microstructural damage prior to crack initiation to the lifing of aero-engines components would help to better predict the time that a component spends in this crack initiation stage. We present the results and analysis of in-situ high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments of a Ti-6Al-4V specimen that experienced tensile loading using medium energy synchrotron X-rays (≤ 21 keV) carried out at the Australian Synchrotron. The XRD analysis characterised XRD line-broadening due to the build-up of dislocations and the formation of crystallites in α- and β-Ti-6Al-4V specimens. Using Bayesian XRD analysis methods, the density, spatial arrangement of dislocations, and crystallite size information for α- and β-phases of the Ti-6Al-4V was extracted from the XRD line-profiles, as a function of applied load. The XRD analysis was then compared and validated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the specimen before and after the loading. Comparison of the TEM and XRD analysis reveals broad agreement in terms of the microstructural damage of Ti-6Al-4V specimens.
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Liu, Junfang, Guoqing Zhou, Xiaoming He, Jun Xu, and Liejia Qian. "Fabrication of crystalline β-BaB 2 O 4 thin films for nonlinear optical applications by liquid phase epitaxy." In Photonics Asia 2004, edited by Gang Yu, Chuangtian Chen, and Changhee Lee. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.573465.

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Ryzhykov, Vladimir D., Leonid P. Gal'chinetskii, Konstantin A. Katrunov, Olga V. Zelenskaya, Elena K. Lysetskaya, Nikolay G. Starzhynskiy, Vyacheslav V. Chernikov, S. Kostioukevitch, and Boris V. Grin'ov. "Small-crystalline detector of high-energy x-ray radiation and β-radiation on the basis of ZnSe(Te)." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Ralph B. James, Larry A. Franks, Arnold Burger, Edwin M. Westbrook, and Roger D. Durst. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.450505.

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Guo, Liping, Jun Xie, Kai Sun, Zheng Yang, Shuoxue Jin, Guoliang Peng, and Yami Fang. "Neutron Diffraction and SEM Study on CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(ZnO-BaO-Na2O) Glass-Ceramics Prepared Under Different Cooling Conditions." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30275.

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Neutron diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were employed to study complex two-phase coexistence structure and surface morphology of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(ZnO-BaO-Na2O) glass ceramics prepared under different cooling conditions. With the rapid cooling temperature decreasing from above 850°C to 750°C and 300°C, the length of the needle-like precipitated β-wollastonite crystal decreased from 30 μm to 15 μm and 5 μm, respectively. Meanwhile, the transgranular fracture appeared and the grain boundary became indistinct in the sample rapidly cooled to 750°C, and the microcracks appeared in the samples rapidly cooled to 300°C and below. These phenomena contribute to the decrease of bending strength for the rapid cooling. Neutron diffraction revealed that the unit cell of precipitated β-wollastonite crystal elongated along its three axes and its volume increased at different cooling conditions. With the decrease of the cooling temperature, the elongation of axes and increase of volume were enhanced, implying that the tensile stress of the β-wollastonite crystal increased. At the same time, intensity of the crystal diffraction peaks increased and atomic temperature factors decreased, which revealed that defects inside a smaller size of crystal granular were less than that in larger one. Amorphous peaks at low diffraction angle did not changed with cooling temperature, showing that the middle-range-order inside residual glass phases were almost the same for all cooling conditions, while intensity of amorphous peaks at high diffraction angle increased notably for samples rapidly cooled to below 850°C, showing that rapid cooling may result in severe short-range-order in residual glass phase, which induced tensile stress of crystalline phase from around amorphous phase and therefore lead to occurrence of transgranular fracture and microcracks. This study suggests that rapid cooling to below 850°C should be avoided in order to obtain preferable mechanical properties for CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(ZnO-BaO-Na2O) glass ceramics.
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Li, Longqiu, Shufeng Wang, Andrey Ovcharenko, and Wuyi Wang. "Molecular Dynamics Study of Nano-Tribological Properties of Silicon Nitride Films." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34857.

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Silicon nitride films were attracting extensive research interest in the past few decades as hard disk protective coating, especially the beta-silicon nitride (β-Si3N4) films and amorphous silicon nitride (SiNx) films, which have high hardness, chemical durability and low friction coefficient properties against wear, corrosion and reducing the friction resistance, respectively. Considerable efforts have been made in studying silicon nitride. However, it’s difficult to determine its nano-tribological properties experimentally since the results were affected by a lot of contact and environment conditions. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method is employed in this work. A rigid diamond sphere modeled as a spherical tip are sliding over a layered silicon nitride film substrate, respectively, to investigate the tribological properties of silicon nitride films. The effect of the relative sliding velocity and sliding direction, the normal force and the thickness of crystalline silicon nitride films on the friction coefficient of silicon nitride films were investigated.
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