Relevant bibliographies by topics / ʾEloha (The Hebrew word)

Academic literature on the topic 'ʾEloha (The Hebrew word)'

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Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "ʾEloha (The Hebrew word)"

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Kuperman, Aaron Wolfe. "Hebrew Word Processing." Judaica Librarianship 3, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1987): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/3/1987/915.

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Ryzhik, Michael. "The Lexical Impact of Hebrew in the Judeo-Italian of Medieval and Renaissance Siddur Translations." Journal of Jewish Languages 8, no. 1-2 (November 27, 2020): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10003.

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Abstract General traits of the Hebrew components of Judeo-Italian Siddur translations are analyzed. The most interesting cases are those where the same Hebrew component is used differently in different contexts: (1) the same Hebrew word remains untranslated in the title and is translated by the Romance lexical unit in the text of the prayer (שבת/sabbeto; כהן/sacerdote); (2) the same Hebrew word in the divine (mystic) sense remains untranslated, while in the secular sense it is translated as the Italian word (צבאות/osti); (3) one Hebrew component lexical unit translates another Hebrew word (אִשִּׁים > קרבנות ;נשך > רבית ;חולק < טענה); (4) one form of the Hebrew word is translated by another form of the same word (עולמות > עולמים). The two latter categories are especially instructive in studying the Hebrew component of spoken and written Judeo-Italian.
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Schwarzwald, Ora (Rodrigue). "Word Foreignness in Modern Hebrew." Hebrew Studies 39, no. 1 (1998): 115–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hbr.1998.0000.

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Lavidor, Michal, and Carol Whitney. "Word length effects in Hebrew." Cognitive Brain Research 24, no. 1 (June 2005): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.002.

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Goldberg, Yoav, and Michael Elhadad. "Word Segmentation, Unknown-word Resolution, and Morphological Agreement in a Hebrew Parsing System." Computational Linguistics 39, no. 1 (March 2013): 121–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00137.

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We present a constituency parsing system for Modern Hebrew. The system is based on the PCFG-LA parsing method of Petrov et al. 2006 , which is extended in various ways in order to accommodate the specificities of Hebrew as a morphologically rich language with a small treebank. We show that parsing performance can be enhanced by utilizing a language resource external to the treebank, specifically, a lexicon-based morphological analyzer. We present a computational model of interfacing the external lexicon and a treebank-based parser, also in the common case where the lexicon and the treebank follow different annotation schemes. We show that Hebrew word-segmentation and constituency-parsing can be performed jointly using CKY lattice parsing. Performing the tasks jointly is effective, and substantially outperforms a pipeline-based model. We suggest modeling grammatical agreement in a constituency-based parser as a filter mechanism that is orthogonal to the grammar, and present a concrete implementation of the method. Although the constituency parser does not make many agreement mistakes to begin with, the filter mechanism is effective in fixing the agreement mistakes that the parser does make. These contributions extend outside of the scope of Hebrew processing, and are of general applicability to the NLP community. Hebrew is a specific case of a morphologically rich language, and ideas presented in this work are useful also for processing other languages, including English. The lattice-based parsing methodology is useful in any case where the input is uncertain. Extending the lexical coverage of a treebank-derived parser using an external lexicon is relevant for any language with a small treebank.
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Norman, Tal, Tamar Degani, and Orna Peleg. "Transfer of L1 visual word recognition strategies during early stages of L2 learning: Evidence from Hebrew learners whose first language is either Semitic or Indo-European." Second Language Research 32, no. 1 (October 11, 2015): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658315608913.

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The present study examined visual word recognition processes in Hebrew (a Semitic language) among beginning learners whose first language (L1) was either Semitic (Arabic) or Indo-European (e.g. English). To examine if learners, like native Hebrew speakers, exhibit morphological sensitivity to root and word-pattern morphemes, learners made an off-line graded lexical decision task on unfamiliar letter strings. Critically, these letter strings were manipulated to include or exclude familiar Hebrew morphemes. The results demonstrate differential morphological sensitivity as a function of participants’ language background. In particular, Indo-European-L1 learners exhibited increased sensitivity to word-pattern familiarity, with little effect of root familiarity. In contrast, Semitic-L1 learners exhibited non-additive sensitivity to both morphemes. Specifically, letter strings with a familiar root and a familiar word-pattern were the most likely to be judged as real words by this L1-Semitic group, whereas strings with a familiar root in the absence of a familiar word-pattern were the most likely to lead to a non-word decision. These findings show that both groups of learners activate their morphological knowledge in Hebrew in order to process unfamiliar Hebrew words. Critically, the findings further demonstrate transfer of L1 word recognition processes during the initial stages of second language (L2) learning.
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Fuller, David J. "Word Order in Biblical Hebrew Poetry." Journal of Biblical Text Research 44 (April 30, 2019): 216–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.28977/jbtr.2019.4.44.216.

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Ingraham, Loring J., Frances Chard, Marcia Wood, and Allan F. Mirsky. "An Hebrew Language Version of the Stroop Test." Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 1 (August 1988): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.1.187.

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We present normative data from a Hebrew language version of the Stroop color-word test. In this sample of college-educated Israeli young adults, 18 women and 28 men with a mean age of 28.4 yr. completed a Hebrew language Stroop test. When compared with 1978 English language norms of Golden, Hebrew speakers were slower on color-word reading and color naming, similar on naming the color of incongruently colored names of colors, and showed less interference. Slowed color-word reading and color-naming may reflect the two-syllable length of the Hebrew names for one-syllable length English language colors; reduced interference may reflect the exclusion of vowels in much Hebrew printing and subjects' ability to provide competing, nonconflicting words while naming the color of words in which the hue and the lexical content do not match.
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DEGANI, TAMAR, ANAT PRIOR, and WALAA HAJAJRA. "Cross-language semantic influences in different script bilinguals." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21, no. 4 (July 24, 2017): 782–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728917000311.

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The current study examined automatic activation and semantic influences from the non-target language of different-script bilinguals during visual word processing. Thirty-four Arabic–Hebrew bilinguals and 34 native Hebrew controls performed a semantic relatedness task on visually presented Hebrew word pairs. In one type of critical trials, cognate primes between Arabic and Hebrew preceded related Hebrew target words. In a second type, false-cognate primes preceded Hebrew targets related to the Arabic meaning (but not the Hebrew meaning) of the false-cognate. Although Hebrew orthography is a fully reliable cue of language membership, facilitation on cognate trials and interference on false-cognate trials were observed for Arabic–Hebrew bilinguals. The activation of the non-target language was sufficient to influence participants’ semantic decisions in the target language, demonstrating simultaneous activation of both languages even for different-script bilinguals in a single language context. To discuss the findings we refine existing models of bilingual processing to accommodate different-script bilinguals.
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Muchnik, Malka. "Changes in word order in two Hebrew translations of an Ibsen play." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2003): 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.15.2.05muc.

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This study examines differences in word order between two translations of Ibsen’s play An enemy of the people into Hebrew. Both versions were translated by Rivka Meshulach, with approximately 25 years between them. In the first version word order conforms to the norms of Classical Hebrew. In the second version, however, the translator changed word order so that the language would be closer to contemporary spoken Hebrew. This is illustrated through examples related to various syntactic constituents, including subject–predicate, predicate complements, parentheme and address forms. The reasoning behind this tendency focuses on the change in the norms of written language. As opposed to the normative restrictions which were widely accepted in written Hebrew just a generation ago, the current trend is for features of contemporary spoken language to be used in literature and theater.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ʾEloha (The Hebrew word)"

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Goldfajn, Tal. "Word order and time in Biblical Hebrew narrative /." Oxford : Clarendon press, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37649978s.

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Boyd, Steven William. "The Use of ZAMAM and MEZIMMAH in Proverbs." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.

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Unruh, Jeffrey R. ""Rule" and "subdue" in Genesis 1:26-28 and its implications for today." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.

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Chen, Patrick Ta-Chi Yoon. "Rhetorical function of rûaḥ in Ezekiel 37:9-10." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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Simpson, Benjamin I. "Pesher in the New Testament." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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Maloney, Leslie Don Bellinger W. H. "A word fitly spoken poetic artistry in the first four acrostics of the Hebrew psalter /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/3002.

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Musgrave, David. "The word shalom in the book of Isaiah." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.

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Fowler, Robert Lee. "A theological word study of the root p̲q̲d̲." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.

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Lunn, Nicholas P. Heimerdinger Jean-Marc. "Word-order variation in biblical Hebrew poetry : differentiating pragmatic poetics /." Carlisle : Paternoster press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410779456.

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Wessner, Mark Daren. "Character evaluation in biblical Hebrew narrative toward a literary and theological understanding of the 'asher-verb formula /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02242010-152046/.

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Books on the topic "ʾEloha (The Hebrew word)"

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Groner, Judyth Saypol. My first Hebrew word book. Minneapolis: Kar-Ben Pub., 2005.

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Clark, Gordon R. The word Hesed in the Hebrew Bible. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1993.

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Clark, Gordon R. The word 'hesed' in the Hebrew Bible. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1993.

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Lowin, Joseph. Hebrew talk: 101 Hebrew roots and the stories they tell. Oakland, Calif: EKS Pub., 2004.

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Goldfajn, Tal. Word order and time in Biblical Hebrew narrative. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.

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Aphek, Edna. Word systems in modern Hebrew: Implications and applications. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1988.

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Revell, E. J. Nesiga (retraction of word stress) in Tiberian Hebrew. Madrid: Instituto de Filología, C.S.I.C., Departamento de Filología Bíblica y de Oriente Antiguo, 1987.

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Blitz, Shmuel. My Hebrew picture dictionary: The alef-bet word book. Brooklyn, N.Y: Mesorah Publications, 2001.

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Pesin, Eliyahu, Yehudah Pesin, Sh. Y. Ḥ. ben Y. Y. Ḳanevsḳi, and Aharon Yehoshuʻa Pesin. Ḥamishah ḥumshe Torah: ʻim beʼur Kol etin sheba-Torah. Yerushalayim: Hotsaʼat Mosad ha-Rav Ḳuḳ, 2017.

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Bolozky, Shmuel. Measuring productivity in word formation: The case of Israeli Hebrew. Leiden: Brill, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "ʾEloha (The Hebrew word)"

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Doron, Edit. "Word Order in Hebrew." In Research in Afroasiatic Grammar, 41–56. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.202.03dor.

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Noegel, Scott B. "“Word Play” in Qoheleth." In Perspectives on Hebrew Scriptures IV, edited by Ehud Ben Zvi, 111–38. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463216238-012.

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Ornan, Uzzi. "Machinery for Hebrew Word Formation." In Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 75–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9052-7_4.

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Schwarzwald, Ora. "8. Opacity in Hebrew word morphology." In Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic, Root-Based, Morphology, 147–63. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lald.28.08sch.

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HaCohen-Kerner, Yaakov, and Izek Greenfield. "Basic Word Completion and Prediction for Hebrew." In String Processing and Information Retrieval, 237–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34109-0_25.

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Linville, James R. "LETTING THE “BI-WORD” “RULE” IN JOEL 2:17." In Perspectives on Hebrew Scriptures II, 13–24. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463212834-004.

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Shimron, Joseph. "Word Decomposition in Hebrew as a Semitic Language." In Reading Complex Words, 93–111. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3720-2_5.

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Hawker, Nancy. "Arabic borrowing of the Hebrew word menahēl ‘manager’." In Arabic in Contact, 332–47. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sal.6.17haw.

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Berman, Ruth A. "Word class distinctiveness versus polycategoriality in Modern Hebrew." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 343–77. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.182.12ber.

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Ben-David, Avivit, and Outi Bat-El. "Paths and stages in acquisition of the phonological word in Hebrew." In Acquisition and Development of Hebrew, 39–68. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tilar.19.02ben.

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Conference papers on the topic "ʾEloha (The Hebrew word)"

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Dinur, Elad, Dmitry Davidov, and Ari Rappoport. "Unsupervised concept discovery in Hebrew using simple unsupervised word prefix segmentation for Hebrew and Arabic." In the EACL 2009 Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1621774.1621782.

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Liebeskind, Chaya, and Giedre Valunaite Oleskeviciene. "Corpus Processing of Multi-Word Discourse Markers for Advanced Learners." In InSITE 2023: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5125.

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Aim/Purpose. The most crucial aspects of teaching a foreign language to more advanced learners are building an awareness of discourse modes, how to regulate discourse, and the pragmatic properties of discourse components. However, in different languages, the connections and structure of discourse are ensured by different linguistic means which makes matters complicated for the learner. Background. By uncovering regularities in a foreign language and comparing them with patterns in one’s own tongue, the corpus research method offers the student unique opportunities to acquire linguistic knowledge about discourse markers. This paper reports on an investigation of the functions of multi-word discourse markers. Methodology. In our research, we combine the alignment model of the phrase-based statistical machine translation and manual treatment of the data in order to examine English multi-word discourse markers and their equivalents in Lithuanian and Hebrew translations by researching their changes in translation. After establishing the full list of multi-word discourse markers in our generated parallel corpus, we research how the multi-word discourse markers are treated in translation. Contribution. Creating a parallel research corpus to identify multi-word expressions used as discourse markers, analyzing how they are translated into Lithuanian and Hebrew, and attempting to determine why the translators made the choices add value to corpus-driven research and how to manage discourse. Findings. Our research proves that there is a possible context-based influence guiding the translation to choose a particle or other lexical item integration in Lithuanian or Hebrew translated discourse markers to express the rhetorical domain which could be related to the so-called phenomenon of “over-specification.” Recommendations for Practitioners. The comparative examination of discourse markers provides language instructors and translators with more specific information about the roles of discourse markers. Recommendations for Researchers. Understanding the multifunctionality of discourse markers provides new avenues for discourse marker application in translation research. Impact on Society. The current study may be a useful method to strengthen students’ language awareness and analytic skills and is particularly important for students specializing in English philology or translation. Beyond the empirical research, an extensive parallel data resource has been created to be openly used. Future Research. It should be noted that the observed phenomenon of “over-specification” could be analyzed further in future research.
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Shakir MAHMOOD, Safiya. "The Referential Structure and Order of Sentence ‎Parts Comparative Study between the Arabic Language and ‎Hebrew Language." In VII. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress7-6.

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The Clause structure represents an essential element upon which grammarians relied in their dealings with texts, whether in the Arabic or Hebrew languages. The term Clause structure is also one of the main terms in the grammatical analysis of both Arabic and Hebrew languages. This study discusses the Clause structure and the arrangement of sentence parts in the Arabic and Hebrew languages to determine the attributes of the predicate relationship, in addition to reviewing the elements of The clause structure in Arabic and Hebrew, in terms of word order and verb movements, the tense system, the predicate negation, and the accusative case. In addition to the complementary role played by both the Subject and the predicate in monitoring the predicative relationship in the various rhetorical texts. The study also discusses the predicate system in terms of the meaning of predicative relations, their forms and transformations in both the nominal structure and the actual structure of the sentence
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"Emoji Identification and Prediction in Hebrew Political Corpus." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4346.

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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, Volume 16] Aim/Purpose: Any system that aims to address the task of modeling social media communication need to deal with the usage of emojis. Efficient prediction of the most likely emoji given the text of a message may help to improve different NLP tasks. Background: We explore two tasks: emoji identification and emoji prediction. While emoji prediction is a classification task of predicting the emojis that appear in a given text message, emoji identification is the complementary preceding task of determining if a given text message includes emojies. Methodology: We adopt a supervised Machine Learning (ML) approach. We compare two text representation approaches, i.e., n-grams and character n-grams and analyze the contribution of additional metadata features to the classification. Contribution: The task of emoji identification is novel. We extend the definition of the emoji prediction task by allowing to use not only the textual content but also meta-data analysis. Findings: Metadata improve the classification accuracy in the task of emoji identification. In the task of emoji prediction it is better to apply feature selection. Recommendations for Practitioners: In many of the cases the classifier decision seems fitter to the comment con-tent than the emoji that was chosen by the commentator. The classifier may be useful for emoji suggestion. Recommendations for Researchers: Explore character-based representations rather than word-based representations in the case of morphologically rich languages. Impact on Society: Improve the modeling of social media communication. Future Research: We plan to address the multi-label setting of the emoji prediction task and to investigate the deep learning approach for both of our classification tasks.
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Nissan, Ephraim. "Semitic-language names formed by semantic motivation from ‘less’, and their transcultural fortune: Whig leaders at Balliol as Dryden’s “sons of Belial”, and Swahili Mbilikimo for ‘Pygmy’." In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/19.

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The biblical compositional pattern “sons of no X” for “X–less ones” has been somewhat (just a bit) productive in Modern Hebrew, but as the Old Testament has been so influential across cultures since the Septuagint became available in the Hellenistic world, one comes across novel uses to which “son of Belial” has been put, such as in Dryden’s political allegory in Absalom and Achitophel, even as the etymology of Belial was not transparent to ones who did not know Hebrew and its word /bli/ ‘without’. Moreover, Arabic /bala/ ‘without’ also occurs in wordformation, and as the influence of Arabic along the eastern coast of Africa resulted in the Swahili language, the Swahili name for the Pigmies was formed as such an Arabic compound.
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Keinan, Ron, Dan Bouhnik, and Efraim A Margalit. "Emotional Analysis in Hebrew Texts: Enhancing Machine Learning with Psychological Feature Lexicons [Abstract]." In InSITE 2024: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/5279.

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Aim/Purpose. This paper addresses the challenge of emotional analysis in Hebrew texts, specifically focusing on enhancing machine learning techniques with psychological feature lexicons to improve classification accuracy in identifying depression. Background. Emotional analysis in Hebrew texts presents unique challenges due to the language's intricate morphology and rich derivation system. This paper seeks to leverage advanced machine learning methods augmented with carefully crafted psychological feature lexicons to address these challenges and improve the identification of depression from online discourse. Methodology. The study involves scraping and analyzing a dataset consisting of over 350K posts from 25K users on the "Camoni" health-related social network spanning 2010-2021. Various machine learning models, including SVM, Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Multi-Layer Perceptron, were employed alongside ensemble methods such as Bagging, Boosting, and Stacking. Features were selected using TF-IDF, incorporating both word and character n-grams (Aisopos et al., 2016; HaCohen-Kerner et al., 2018). Pre-processing steps, including punctuation removal, stop word elimination, and lemmatization, were applied, to handle the challenges in Hebrew as a reach morphological language (Amram et al., 2018; Tsarfaty et al., 2019). Then hyperparameter tuning was conducted to optimize model performance across different languages. Following this, the models were enriched with features extracted from sentiment lexicons conducted by professional psychologists. (Shapira et al., 2021). Contribution. This paper contributes to the field by demonstrating the efficacy of integrating psychological feature lexicons into machine-learning models for emotional analysis in Hebrew texts. Addressing the unique linguistic challenges, it advances the understanding of depression detection in online communities and informs the development of more effective preventive measures and treatments. Findings. Through experimentation, it was discovered that enriching the models with features from sentiment lexicons significantly improved classification accuracy. Among the sentiment lexicons tested, six were identified as particularly enchanting: Negative emojis, positive emojis, neutral emojis, Hostile words, Anxiety words, and No-Trust words. The coverage and the quality of a feature lexicon are and may contribute to the success of various tasks like opinion mining and sentiment analysis (Feldman, 2013; Liu, 2012; Yang et al., 2020). Recommendations for Practitioners. Practitioners in mental health and social work should prioritize enriching machine learning models with sentiment lexicons to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of depression detection in online discourse. By incorporating lexicons capturing emotional nuances, practitioners can improve the sensitivity of their screening processes. Recommendations for Researchers. Future research endeavors should focus on further refining machine learning models by enriching them with sentiment lexicons. Additionally, exploring the integration of sentiment lexicons into deep learning models could provide further insights into the classification of emotional content in textual data. Impact on Society. The findings have significant implications for the development of more accurate and efficient methods for detecting depression in online Hebrew discourse. By leveraging advanced machine learning techniques augmented with psychological feature lexicons, this research contributes to enhancing mental health interventions and promoting well-being in online communities. Future Research. Future research should not only continue exploring the integration of sentiment lexicons into machine learning models but also extend this investigation to deep learning architectures. Investigating the effectiveness of sentiment lexicons in enhancing the performance of deep learning models could advance our understanding of emotional analysis in textual data and improve depression detection algorithms.
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Jasim MOHAMMED, Ahmed, and Hussein Ismael KADHIM. "THE IMPACT OF THE JEWISH FAITH IN MODERN HEBREW POETRY "SHABBAT FOR EXAMPLE." In I V . I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O N G R E S S O F L A N G U A G E A N D L I T E R A T U R E. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/lan.con4-14.

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This study is an attempt to shed light on a central and important issue in the lives of any nation or society or group of people, and it is the issue of "faith". One of the most important foundations in the Jewish faith is the "Sabbath" or day of rest for the Jews, which they respect and sanctify from all the other six days of the week. This study discusses the different representations of Saturday in Hebrew poetry. This study examined different representations of the theme of Saturday in Hebrew poetry with special emphasis on the significance of these representations shaped their worldview of the Jews on the topic flowing. Saturday is a day of rest and weekly holy people of Israel, the first deadline dates prescribed in the Torah. When there was a regular basis every seven days, on the seventh day a week. Saturday is the start of Friday's end, a little before sunset - the time called "Saturday Night", and tip the next day, with nightfall - long known as "Saturday". Jewish Saturday is considered the most sacred date. Saturday observance is one of the central commandments in Judaism; According to Judaism, this is the first commandment given to man, on the day he removed and weighed against all the commandments of the Torah. Judaism Saturday symbolizes the creation of the world by God and the holiness constant since the world was created by God. Reasons for the mitzvot and customs specific biblical command to sit origin consecrate this day and strike him from work, God's act of creation after the completion of the six days of creation. Saturday is used only for rest and refraining from doing work, and has been caught during today's Bible Holiness, pleasure, study Torah and elation. Observance of the Saturday, according to Judaism, is a practical admission creation of the world, reinforces the belief and non-observance leads to weakening of the Jewish faith, as well as keeping the Saturday brings a person to the Creator and secrete more physical nuns. Israel was set Saturday to officially rest. Sanctity of "on Saturday" is based - according to tradition - the thinking that thought that the God who created the heavens and the earth in six days, and Ahri-cc, he rested on the seventh day his work which he worked it, and he ordered them to stop all this day according craft books mentioned several books of the Bible. At the beginning of this study will be discussed at the origin of the word "Sabbath" (Saturday) in the Hebrew language, and the meaning of the word "Sabbath" in the Bible, Then, will be discussed on the types Saturday among the Jews, except they have a regular Sabbath day three ten types of Saturdays, expressing the various events and occasions and have various rituals and special customs. Too, will be discussed on the customs and rituals that the Jews do them during the entry to his departure on Saturday. Even so, it is during this study for some changes in different terms to Saturday, which the Jews call them the Sabbath. These names were used most by the Hebrew writers in modern times in their songs and stories that written in honor of this day, and Hebrew poets wrote poetry on Saturday: Bialik wrote the song "Saturday queen", poet Amir Gilboa wrote the song "Cch Cmo Sani the up" and others. By analysis of these literary works can be seen that the authors of these works depict through which all customs and ceremonies on Saturday in detail from beginning to end, especially the poet Bialik's poem "Saturday queen". And the end of the study conclusions and sources will come
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8

Yoskovich, Avraham. "Meshamdutho and Meshumad le-Teavon: Motivation of Evil Doers in Syriac-Aramaic and Hebrew Terminological-Conceptual Traditions." In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.1-7.

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Language can mirror relationships throughout and between communities, while it enables connections and separation simultaneously. Jewish and Christian communities had a close but complicated relationship in the late antique-early Islamic period in Babylon (the fertile crescent). That relationship included similar dialects of Aramaic: Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and Christian Syriac Aramaic. My study describes changes and developments in the status of an apostate (Heb. Meshumad) in the Jewish literature of late antiquity, by examining terminological variations. In this presentation, I wish to present the Syriac developments and to compare the two, in order to better conceptualize the mutual process in one terminological and conceptual case. One such case is the defining of the apostate, not only by his apparent wrong doing, but also by seeking his motivation to act. According to that model, if an evil act originated from his desire or lewdness, he should be judged in a more containing manner than if it had originated by rage or theological purpose. This was phrased in Hebrew by the words Meshumad le-Teavon ‘apostate out of desire.’ The second word le-Teavon (for (his) desire), is a predicate added to the basic ancient term Meshumad, ‘apostate.’ This model and new phrasing are connected mainly with Rava, who was a prominent sage who lived in 4th century CE in Mehoza, close to Ctesiphon, the capitol of the Persian Sassanian dynasty. The Syriac word Shmad is well attested, and more so since the early testimonies of Syriac literature, in different forms, connected to the semantic field of curse, ban, and excommunication. Only in sources from the 5-6th centuries CE do we find a new form of that root Meshamdotho, which suggests ‘lewdness,’ ‘to be wanton.’ The new form changes the focus of the root from describing the wrongdoing and its social implication to describing the manner of doing, maybe even to the motive for his or her behavior. My presentation will raise the question of the connection between those almost parallel changes. Are they related to one another? In what way? What is similar and what are the differences? Can we explain the reason for raising a new paradigm in communal defining the apostates and wrong doers? I will examine some sources, Jewish and Christian, that relate to those terms and ideas.
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9

Anvari, Sam, and Paul Woods. "Localizing Graphical User Interfaces for Right-to-Left Languages: A Practical Study." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005102.

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Globalization technology has made localization a critical aspect of software development. Localizing graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for Right-to-Left (RTL) languages, such as Arabic and Hebrew, requires unique considerations and design approaches compared to Left-to-Right (LTR) languages. As the global market for RTL-speaking users continues to grow, organizations must focus on developing culturally and linguistically appropriate GUIs. In this study, we focused on the localization of the GUI for RTL languages. We aimed to identify the challenges associated with localizing UIs for RTL languages for organizations interested in this area. One of the main challenges we encountered during the project was the need for more standardization for RTL UI design in general. Although both Apple and Google offer style guides for Arabic language localization, we found that these guides needed to address the complexities of RTL design fully. The user experience design presented several issues that required us to make alternative decisions in the RTL design.Contrary to popular belief, changing the design from LTR to RTL is more complex than mirroring elements in the design. The physical reach of the user can be affected, and cultural values and design preferences should be an integral part of the design decision-making process. For example, hierarchy is conveyed differently in RTL languages than in LTR languages, requiring a unique approach to UI design. Our study also found that RTL languages (Arabic) have unique typographical considerations, such as text direction and word wrapping, which can significantly impact the user experience. To address these considerations, we had to make several modifications to the UI, including adjusting the placement of elements, adjusting the size and spacing of text, and incorporating appropriate text direction. Organizations must consider cultural values and design preferences in their design decision-making process when localizing GUIs for other languages.In conclusion, our study provides a practical overview of the challenges and considerations associated with localizing GUIs for RTL languages. We identified several key areas, including cultural values and design preferences, typographical considerations, and RTL-compliant GUI components, that organizations must consider when localizing their software for RTL languages. Our findings are valuable for organizations looking to expand their reach into RTL-speaking markets and provide a unique and culturally appropriate user experience for their customers. The global market's value for RTL-speaking users continues to grow, making it more important than ever for organizations to focus on developing culturally and linguistically appropriate GUIs.
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