Dissertations / Theses on the topic '-µ analyse in situ'
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Faranda, Carmela Federica. "Behavior of halogens (Cl, Br, I) in alkali-rich felsic magmas at crustal depth : an experimental approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1066.
Full textThe behavior of halogens (F, Cl, Br and I) in magmatic systems is far from being clearly understood. The scientific community has only a fragmentary understanding of the processes that influence the behaviour of these elements during magma storage and ascent to the surface. Recent studies of heavy halogens (Br and I) behaviour have focused mainly on subduction-related magmas, in the context of the geochemical cycle of the halogens from subduction to the atmosphere. Previous studies of halogens solubility (at brine saturation) have shown that felsic, highly-polymerized calc-alkaline melts have lower halogens (except F) solubility than felsic alkali-rich melts. In addition, alkali-rich melts can produce large volume eruptions (e.g., East Africa Rift System), leading to potential massive release of halogens into the atmosphere. Emissions of halogens to the atmosphere are therefore likely to be underestimated, due to the lack of detailed understanding of the behavior of halogens (and in particular bromine and iodine) during magmatic degassing. In this work, we have addressed this gap by experimentally constraining fluid/melt halogen partitioning in felsic alkali-rich systems, with a focus on Br and I, and by a preliminary study of halogens abundances in natural mafic to felsic alkali-rich glasses from different geodynamic contexts. We performed HP-HT experiments (800°-1100 °C; 10 -200 MPa; NNO-0.6 -NNO+3.4) using four melt compositions, with variable SiO2 contents and [(Na₂O+K₂O)/Al₂O₃] molar ratios (natural phonolite, comendite and pantellerite and a synthetic analogue of phonolitic composition). Our results show that melt composition has a strong effect on the partitioning of halogens between fluid and melt. Dhalogens (with Dhalogens = halogen concentration in the fluid phase / halogen concentration in the silicate melt) increases with SiO₂ content and decreases with melt alkalinity, in agreement with the solubility data. We have carried out a systematic investigation of the influence of temperature and pressure on the fluid-melt partitioning of halogens and the results show that temperature has a more pronounced effect on partitioning than pressure. The effect of the redox conditions on halogens fluid/melt partitioning was also explored and the results indicate that DI decreases with decreasing fO₂, whereas DBr and DCl show the opposite effect. We present the first determination of heavy halogens (Br and I) abundances in felsic alkali-rich glasses, with concentrations in the order of ~10 ppm of Br and up to ~1 ppm of I in alkali-rich rhyolites. Iodine concentrations for these melts are at least an order of magnitude higher than concentrations determined by bulk rock analysis of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks in previous studies, highlighting the need for further quantification of heavy halogens in magmas to better assess their atmospheric emission and impact
Schreyer, Anna-Chi. "Charakterisierung des µ-Slides zur Analyse von Chemotaxis." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-175309.
Full textFrölich, Nadine [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Lohse. "Analyse der µ-Opiatrezeptoraktivierung und Signaltransduktion in lebenden Zellen mittels FRET-Mikroskopie / Nadine Frölich. Betreuer: Martin Lohse." Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022790870/34.
Full textSchreyer, Anna-Chi [Verfasser], and Olivier [Akademischer Betreuer] Gires. "Charakterisierung des µ-Slides zur Analyse von Chemotaxis : ein Vergleich zur Boyden-Kammer / Anna-Chi Schreyer. Betreuer: Olivier Gires." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060632497/34.
Full textMainz, Roland [Verfasser]. "In-situ Analyse und Wachstum photovoltaischer Absorber mit Bandlückengradienten / Roland Mainz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023499304/34.
Full textElias, Victory. "An approach based on the µ-vibration concept contributes to the characterization and objective analysis of physiological fluids." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0044.
Full textIn a world of continuous technological evolution, micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) sensors are becoming increasingly prominent in various fields such as biomedicine, the aerospace industry,and information and communication technologies. At the heart of this revolution, cantilever microbeams provide exceptional sensitivity, allowing the detection of minute physical variations. This thesis is dedicated to the design of a new cantilever microbeam sensor architecture aimed at optimizing their sensitivity and expanding their practical applications. The work undertaken focused on developing a theoretical model and experimental validation of a cantilever structure immersed in an incompressible Newtonian fluid, characterized by precise dimensions and an innovative design. The numerical part of the study allowed for testing the sensitivity of the proposed architecture against external loads, while the practical experiments involved the meticulous fabrication and assembly of the sensor components, including the integration of piezoelectric materials. Innovation does not stop here; the future envisions the incorporation of biochemical coatings for specific detection and the use of microfluidic techniques for real-time analysis, thereby marking a significant step forward in MEMS research and development. The quest for increased sensitivity in cantilever MEMS sensors has led us to the design and creation of an optimized structure, explored through this thesis work. The successful integration of the exponential architecture into the cantilever microbeam and the application of cutting-edge techniques in fabrication and numerical testing represent significant advancements in MEMS research. The results obtained open exciting prospects for the improvement and application of these sensors in complex environments. Future work, including the applicationof biochemical coatings and the development of microfluidic chambers, promises to further extend the scope of application and effectiveness of these sensitive devices. In summary, this thesis contributes to the advancement of science and technology in MEMS sensors, proposing innovative solutions for current and future challenges in fields requiring precise detection and increased sensitivity. It thus lays the groundwork for future developments that will undoubtedly benefit many scientific disciplines and industrial applications
Karlin, Sacha. "Analyse chimique et mécanique, "ex-situ" et "in-situ", de fibres et composites céramiques (CMC). Apport de la microscopie Raman." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20211.
Full textKarlin, Sacha. "Analyse chimique et mécanique, ex-situ & in-situ, de fibres et composites céramiques (CMC) : apport de la microscopie Raman /." Châtillon : ONERA, Office national d'études et de recherches aérospatiales, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36173734s.
Full textMaré, Thierry. "Analyse experimentale et simulation des caracteristiques energetiques d'une baie vitree in situ." Rennes, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAR0007.
Full textPaillasson, Sylvain Alain. "Analyse in situ de l'organisation des acides nucléiques dans la cellule vivante." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE19001.
Full textSandlöbes, Stefanie. "Untersuchungen zum Einsatz berührungsloser In-situ-Messmethoden für die Analyse metallurgischer Gase." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998580260/04.
Full textSanches, Leonardo. "Résonance sol des hélicoptères : modélisation dynamique, analyse paramétrique de la robustesse et validation expérimentale." Toulouse, ISAE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ESAE0014.
Full textErasmi, Stefan. "Analyse spektroradiometrischer In-situ-Messungen als Datenquelle für die teilflächenspezifische Zustandsbeschreibung von Winterweizenbeständen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965263541.
Full textBolzer, Andreas. "Analyse der Chromosomenverteilung in menschlichen Fibroblasten mittels 3D-Vielfarben Fluoreszenz in situ Hybridisierung." Diss., lmu, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-6155.
Full textRaffin, Patrick. "EPVOM de GaAs : Analyse in-situ de la phase gazeuse par spectrométrie Raman." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10070.
Full textDubreuil, Lorène. "Mesure In-situ par moyens optiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN018/document.
Full textIntegrating inspection procedures in the machining process contributes to process optimization. The use of in-situ measurement allows a betterreactivity for corrective actions. However, to be highly efficient, Machining and Inspection Process Planning must reach a high level of integration. It is hereessential to focus on the compromise measurement time vs precision: the time dedicated to inspection must be limited, but not to the detriment ofmeasurement quality. A measurement process for in-situ machining defect detection is proposed based on a stereo-DIC
Sandlöbes, Stefanie [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zum Einsatz berührungsloser in-situ Messmethoden für die Analyse metallurgischer Gase / Stefanie Sandlöbes." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161301860/34.
Full textDumas, Raphaël. "Analyse biomécanique de la correction des scolioses par la technique du modelage in situ." Paris, ENSAM, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENAMA018.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to analyse the surgical correction of scolioticdeformity through several biomechanical tools : a pre and post operative three-dirnensionalreconstruction of the spine and a finite element model. A specific device was developed and enabled the three-dimensionai reconstruction of twenty scoliotic patients. The three-dimensional relative orientations of the reconstructed vertebrae were validated. Thisgeometrical modelling allowed to analyse the spinal déformations and the effects of the surgery. This analysis was performed at the segmentai level and at the ± torsionai , level of the scoliotic curves. The correction mechanisms during the surgery were analysed through the simulation of two clinicalcases (one kyphotic and one scoliotic patients). A global personalized model was thus usedincluding the elasto-plastic behaviour of the implants and the complex boundary conditions (severalbendings of a rod correspond to successive load and unload). The prédictive results were foundcoherent compared to the post operative three-dimensionai reconstructions. These means of analysis could yield future clinical tools for diagnosis and surgical planning
Philippe, Xavier. "Modélisation et micro-analyse in-situ des processus de corrosion localisée des aciers inoxydables." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS036.
Full textGhiassi, Hossein. "Détermination de l'état de contrainte in situ par analyse de la microfissuration des roches." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597909b.
Full textMoter, Annette [Verfasser]. "In-situ-Verfahren zum molekularbiologischen Erregernachweis und zur Analyse medizinisch relevanter Biofilme / Annette Moter." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025240308/34.
Full textPerez, Toralla Karla. "Microfluidic systems for in situ molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077121.
Full textTha analysis of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from blood of cancer patients appears today as a non invasive procedure to monitor metastatic disease. As they represent a marker of therapeutic response, CTCs may provide clinicians with valuable prognostic information. Due to their extreme rarity (typically one per billion blood cells) the selective capture and characterization of CTCs remains challenging. The framework of this project is to develop a fully integrated microfluidic platform for high throughput sorting and molecular analysis of CTCs from raw biological samples. The complex design and multidimensional structures of our system required to produce new flexible master molds for the microfabrication of thermoplastic polymers, achieving high resolution and replication fidelity with low surface roughness. A key issue has been to control the surface properties of the hydrophobic channels, made with Cyclo Olefin Copolymer (COC), to prevent the non specific adsorption of biomolecules. To detect genetic and chromosomal alterations in cancer cells, we implement the Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) technique inside the COC chip and optimized the different steps of the protocol to make them compatible with the microfluidic format and the use of magnetic microparticles. We validated the feasibility of the entire FISH protocol for HER-2 gene amplification using different cell lines and relevant clinical samples, showing similar results as compared to the conventional protocol on glass slides. Future work will be focused on performing FISH analysis directly on captured CTCs inside our cell sorting microfluidic platform ant to combine it with novel diagnosis tools
Allmacher, Clarissa. "Analyse der Expression von Matrix-Metalloproteinasen im Mammakarzinom mittels nicht-radioaktiver In-situ-Hybridisierung (NISH) /." München, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253664.
Full textWiens, Oliver. "Entwicklung eines in situ LIBS-Messverfahrens für eine quantitative Analyse prozessrelevanter Komponenten in flüssiger Schlacke /." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014903825&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textFéron, Olivier. "CVD/CVI du pyrocarbone : analyse in situ de la phase gazeuse ; études cinétique et structurale." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10540.
Full textJung, Gerhard [Verfasser], and Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Walch. "Bildgebende Massenspektrometrie zur in-situ Proteom-Analyse des Adenokarzinoms des gastroösophagealen Übergangs Typ I (Barrettkarzinom)." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/112347723X/34.
Full textCau, Michèle. "Analyses optiques in situ lors de la synthèse de nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets par vaporisation laser." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112318.
Full textNguyên, Vân. "Analyse moléculaire de la morphogenèse tectale chez le medaka (Oryzias latipes." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10108.
Full textDurbec, Jean-Pierre. "Traitement statistique des données en océanologie biologique : modèles adaptés à l' "in situ" et à l'expérimentation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22012.
Full textBOYER, PIERRE-ALAIN. "Analyse experimentale du controle de l'expression de neuropeptides dans les neurones du systeme limbique. Etude par hybridation in situ et immunohistochimie ; analyse comportementale." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066513.
Full textSchöneich, Michael. "In situ Charakterisierung der Phasenbildung — Konzept und Anwendung der Analyse von Festkörper-Gas-Reaktionen durch Gesamtdruckmessungen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-108124.
Full textHuber, Katharina [Verfasser], and Horst [Akademischer Betreuer] Zitzelsberger. "Bildgebende Massenspektrometrie zur pharmakokinetischen in situ Analyse von Kinaseinhibitoren in Tumorgeweben / Katharina Huber ; Betreuer: Horst Zitzelsberger." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1167160444/34.
Full textBelmahdi, Imène. "L'expérience Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) : Analyse in situ de molécules organiques dans le sol martien." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC039.
Full textThe purpose of SAM experiment on board Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover is to detect OM through the usage of EGA/GC-MS techniques. To improve the detection of OM, SAM experiment incorporates a wet chemistry laboratory, a pyrolysis experiment and adsorbent traps. The utilization of these analytical tools raises new issues about the understanding of analytical instrument and the interpretation of the results obtained. It is within this framework that this thesis comes in. Initially, we have defined the impact of polymer adsorbents i.e. Tenax® contain on SAM trap during analysis. We also have determined the effect of conditioning duration, of derivatization reagents and of perchlorates on Tenax®. We have shown that the derivatization agent MTBSTFA intensify Tenax® degradation, that adding DMF to MTBSTFA reduce the impact of MTBSTFA on Tenax® and that perchlorates by-products accentuate the propagation of Tenax® degradation. Then, we get interested about the influence of nontronite and perchlorates in the pyrolysis of organic compounds from various chemical classes that may be present on Mars like alanine, phthalic acid and phenanthrene. We have noticed that the nontronite by its acidity (Lewis et Brönsted acid sites) catalyse some reactions involving OM: the organic matter adsorbed on the nontronite is mostly converted into CO2 during pyrolysis and the decarboxylation and the chlorination of OM is catalysed by the clay
Cassanelli, Sylvie. "Analyse in situ de l'hétérogénéité d'expression des récepteurs de la progesterone dans les cellules tumorales mammaires." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10118.
Full textSoltani, Hadjer. "Analyse in situ par radiographie X du développement de grains dendritiques dans un gradient de température." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0582.
Full textX-radiography analysis with the laboratory device SFINX (Solidification Furnace with IN situ X-radiography) was used to study in situ and in real-time the development of dendritic grains in a temperature gradient during the solidification of Al-20wt.% Cu alloy refined with 0.1wt.% Al-Ti-B. The experiments presented in this thesis have been carried out in three different configurations. The first one is the horizontal configuration where the gravity related phenomena are limited. These experiments allowed us to study independently the impact of growth velocity V and temperature gradient G on the grain structure formation. The two other configurations are vertical upward solidification (thermosolutally stable) and vertical downward solidification (thermosolutally unstable). The comparison between the experiments performed with the same solidification parameters but in different configurations high lighted gravity effects on solidification microstructure
Koffi, Juslin Kouadio. "Analyse multicritères des stratégies de ventilation en maisons individuelles." La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROS273.
Full textThe large number of indoor air pollutants and buildings energy requirements lead to adapting various ventilation strategies. The thesis intends to evaluate and compare some strategies based on these criteria. Pollution scenarios are investigated in the experimental house MARIA by means of tracer gas methods in order to deal with internal airflow patterns and pollutant spread. Results show the best performance with mechanical balanced ventilation which protects the main rooms from pollution. Exhaust ventilation and natural ventilation yield rather acceptable IAQ. However the airflow patterns are disturbed by doors opening and air infiltration due to wind. The numerical assessment of ventilation strategies requires the development of a multizone building model quite useful in simulating heat and mass transfer problems in buildings: this model is used to simulate MARIA, coupled with ventilation systems, in Matlab/Simulink environment. Numerical results are compared to the experimental ones and show similar dynamics in relevance to gas concentrations. However, the high pollution levels provided by the model indicate that a suitable model requires an accurate knowledge of air leakages by façade and between rooms. The numerical investigations performed during a heating season show good IAQ and energy performances for balanced ventilation. Humidity controlled ventilation reduces energy costs but fails to ensure a good IAQ. Natural ventilation though seems oversized yields a worse IAQ compared to the reference system. Finally the ventilation effectiveness appears as one of the most essential factors in maintaining good IAQ in buildings
Al, Mohammad Abdulrahim. "Analyse des causes de variabilités d'expression des transgènes chez xenopus laevis." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S145.
Full textTransgenesis in Xenopus laevis is the generally based on random integration into the genome and transgenic animals show a variability of transgene expression. This variability is manifested in the form of ectopic expression, mosaic or extinction of expression. A modified technique meganuclease I-SceI involves injecting unfertilized oocyte by a mixture of sperm nuclei / vector / meganucleases had greatly improved results. However this improvement does not overcome the problems associated to the position effect. In this work we have developed primary cell cultures from tadpoles to locate the chromosomal insertion site by the FISH method. Then characterize the molecular insertion sites and explore possible changes in the sequences. This suggests the existence of permissive sites in the genome that could accept exogenous sequences. We tried also to solve the problem of position effect by integrating in our vectors elements of insulators HS4 locus β-globin chicken. This action had reduced the ectopic expression and improved the specificity
Schell, Julia [Verfasser], Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Berthele, and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Hemmer. "Eine immunhistochemische Analyse der humanen µ-Opioidrezeptor Expression und seiner Regulatoren in Abhängigkeit des COMT Val-108/158-Met Polymorphismus / Julia Schell. Gutachter: Bernhard Hemmer ; Achim Berthele. Betreuer: Achim Berthele." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042577978/34.
Full textSchneider, Andreas. "In situ- und online-Raman-Spektroskopie zur Analyse von Halbleiterheterostrukturen aus ZnSxSe1-x und Gruppe-III-Nitriden." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200200367.
Full textIn situ- und online-Raman-Spektroskopie oder auch Raman-Monitoring genannt bietet unter anderem die ausgezeichnete Möglichkeit, das Wachstum von Halbleiterschichten ohne Unterbrechung zu verfolgen. Dabei können nicht nur die Oberflächeneigenschaften untersucht werden, sondern es können gleichzeitig auch Informationen über das Substrat und über die Grenzfläche Schicht/Substrat gemacht werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Wachstumsprozesse von ZnS/sub x/Se/sub(1-x)/- und GaN-Schichten sowie des stickstoffdotierten ZnSe:N untersucht. Zur Schichtherstellung wurde die Molekularstrahlepitaxie (MBE) verwendet. Das Hauptaugenmerk wurde dabei auf die chemische Zusammensetzung der Halbleitermaterialien, Verspannungen von Schicht und Substrat, auf den Einbau von Fremdatomen wie Stickstoffradikale in ein Kristall, die Dotierung und die strukturelle Ordnung der Halbleiter sowie deren kristalline und amorphe Phase gerichtet. Neben den MBE-Wachstumsprozessen wurden temperaturinduzierte resonante Raman-Streuung an ZnS/sub x/Se/sub(1-x)/ und ZnSe:N sowie Desorptions-, Adsorptions- und Phasenübergänge von a-As, a-Se und Sb studiert. Die Nitridierung von GaAs(100) mittels eines Stickstoffplasmas aus einer rf-Quelle wurde ebenso untersucht. Die Eigenschaften und Veränderungen der Halbleiterschichten und der Substrate während des Wachstums werden in Abhängigkeit von der Schichtdicke dargelegt. Die Ergebnisse werden mit entsprechenden theoretischen Modellen (z.B. Spatial-Correlation-Modell und Modified Random-Element-Isodisplacement (MREI)-Modell) verglichen
Wiens, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung eines in situ LIBS-Messverfahrens für eine quantitative Analyse prozessrelevanter Komponenten in flüssiger Schlacke / Oliver Wiens." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186577894/34.
Full textPaul, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Analyse der Chromosomeninstabilität bei Fanconi-Anämie Patienten mittels Fluoreszenz-in-situ Hybridisierung und konventioneller Zytogenetik / Daniel Paul." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/103048757X/34.
Full textAzzaro-Pantel, Catherine. "Analyse et modélisation du fractionnement des réacteurs de LPCVD : cas du silicium pur ou dopé in situ." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT003G.
Full textChaboud, Annie. "Etude des sécrétions racinaires de Zea mays : caractérisation in situ, isolement et analyse biochimique en conditions contrôlées." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10005.
Full textXerri, Luc. "Analyse de l'expression d'oncogènes et de facteurs de croissance dans les tumeurs humaines par hybridation in situ." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22002.
Full textDraoui, Belkacem. "Caracterisation et analyse du comportement thermohydrique d'une serre horticole. Identification in-situ des parametres d'un modele dynamique." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4746.
Full textBastien, Samuel. "Nanopoudres de ferrite de nickel produites par plasma inductif et analyse in situ de leur comportement thermochimique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10973.
Full textAbstract : Nickel ferrite spinel nanoparticles were produced by the solution spray induction plasma technique. By controlling the Ni/(Ni+Fe) ratio in the precursor solution, a wide range of single-phased nickel ferrite NixFe3-xO4-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanoparticles can be produced, along with multiphased NiFe2O4 + (Ni,Fe)O nanoparticles. Nanoparticles with two types of morphologies can be obtained depending on where they are collected in the reactor: facetted truncated octa-hedrons, with an average size of about 30 nm, or a small-sized random agglomerate, with a characteristic length of ~3-5 nm. For the multiphased nanoparticles, it is demonstrated that the (Ni,Fe)O phase selectively deposits on the {110} and {111} facets of nickel ferrite, while leaving its {100} facet exposed. Using the same procedure, it is also possible to produce nanocubes of NiO. These results show the flexibility of the induction plasma method for the production of organized single or multiphased nanoparticles with a high throughput. In situ XRD catalytic experiments on those nanoparticles show that reduction with H2 will cause the removal of excess oxygen from the spinel lattice, if present initially, followed by a reduction to metallic (Ni,Fe) alloys. Their subsequent reoxidation with CO2 leads to a partial reversal of the H2 reduction process. In situ experiments were enhanced by the development of a crystal-lographic model that links the lattice parameter of a spinel to its deviation from oxygen stoechiometry (δ).
Nesme, Annie. "Etude des sécrétions racinaires de Zea mays caractérisation in situ, isolement et analyse biochimique en conditions contrôlées /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612576p.
Full textYaba, Olatounde. "Amélioration des plateformes ferroviaires par géogrilles - Analyse du fonctionnement, de la limitation des déformations et du gain de portance." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALI050.
Full textFaced with increasingly demanding maintenance challenges, SNCF Réseau (the French railway infrastructure manager) proposes to use geogrids to improve trackbeds (interlayer or subballast with capping layer) during renovations on its conventional rail lines (speed limit ≤ 220 km/h). Geogrids are geosynthetics that have planar structures formed by a regular network of tensile elements with apertures of sufficient size to allow interlocking with surrounding soil, rock, earth or any other geotechnical material. Currently, knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of geogrid stabilised subballast is limited, especially in the context of the French National Rail Network. Hence the interest in setting up experiments to quantify the improvements brought by subballast stabilising geogrids in conditions specific to SNCF. This thesis presents the inception and initial research into the application of geogrids in SNCF trackbed renewal.The thesis consists of two complementary components; the monitoring of geogrid stabilised trackbeds in operating conditions on the field and the design and implementation of laboratory tests to measure the effects of geogrids on subballast in controlled conditions. The field experiments cover the renovation, instrumentation and monitoring of conventional track sections. They provide data on the actual behaviour of the trackbed concerning factors such as dynamic loading, lateral confinement, seasonal variations, etc. However, they are limited by the inability to perform parametric studies and the long time scale required to observe certain phenomena. The laboratory experiments address some of these limitations because they are cheaper and faster to install. Hence, various conditions can be simulated (e.g. testing multiple geogrids), and large numbers of loading cycles can be applied relatively quickly. However, the laboratory experiments also present their limitations, including the inability to induce controlled dynamic loads and the influence of boundary conditions on experimental results.Most of the present work focuses on identifying current needs, developing a methodological approach to address said needs and implementing this approach to obtain preliminary results. The results obtained from each component (i.e. field and laboratory) help inform the interpretation of the other. Initial results indicate that the installation of geogrids provides a net positive impact, notably through improved load spreading within the trackbed and reduced differential settlement. On the field, mobilisation of the geogrids was observed through strain measurement on their transversal ribs. This mobilisation confirmed that the subballast is laterally confined by interlocking. Similar observations were established during the laboratory experiments. The laboratory experiments also showed a decrease in the measured settlements of the loaded areas when geogrids were inserted in the subballast.Moreover, all the products that were tested provided some noticeable improvement. Despite these encouraging results, this research project is still in its early stages. The field experiments will require several additional years of monitoring, while the laboratory experiments will require several repeatability tests and further parametric studies. Nevertheless, this thesis has laid the foundation for these future works by developing and validating the monitoring and testing methodologies, the experimental apparatus, and the analytical tools required for its progression
Cieslak, Jérôme. "ANALYSE ET SYNTHESE D'UNE ARCHITECTURE COOPERATIVE POUR LA COMMANDE TOLERANTE AUX DEFAUTS - APPLICATION A UN SYSTEME AERONAUTIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178592.
Full textAlenda, Aurélie. "Analyses quantitatives en spectroscopie infrarouge : l’AG-IR (Analyses Gravimétriques et spectroscopie InfraRouge) nouvel outil d’analyse pour les espèces adsorbées." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2004.
Full textThe combination of qualitative and quantitative information in infrared spectra allowed understanding the grafting mechanism for octylphosphonic acid on aluminated silicas. In a second step, a new analytic tool, named AG-IR, was designed and tested, combining two complementary techniques: infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. With this unique setup, the weight of the sample is directly measured during the spectroscopic measurement. The experiment can be performed under reduced pressure as well as under operando conditions (inside a working catalytic reactor). Two separate studies were performed. The first one, under vacuum, dealt with the adsorption of acetonitrile derivatives on HMFI zeolite. The second one, under flux, was the determination of integral molar absorption coefficients (denoted as epsilons) of adsorbed water on an H-Y zeolite during thermodesorption and on the interaction of co-adsorbed species. Several interesting results were obtained: the substitution of hydrogen atoms for chlorine atoms in acetonitrile strongly influences epsilon values for the nCºN vibration band, with epsilon decreasing with the number of substituted atoms. Epsilon for the dH2O vibration band depends on the hydration level of the zeolite. The (n+d)H2O vibration band is much less influenced, and this band is therefore recommended for the determination of the water content in the zeolite. Adsorbed water strongly influences the spectral response of adsorbed ammoniac, and the chemical environment of ammonium ions is deeply modified by co-adsorbed water