Dissertationen zum Thema „Zonation en éléments traces“
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Lefeuvre, Benjamin. „La lawsonite dans les métasédiments en base de zone sismogénique : géochimie, échelles de migration des fluides et rôle de la déformation dans les Schistes Lustrés“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS214.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn subduction zones, the migration of fluids derived from the dehydration of metasediments has important consequences on the mechanic properties of rocks, hence on seismicity. Geophysical imaging of the velocity of pressure and shear waves shows that fluids are present in large quantities and migrating in the 30-40 km depth range. This range corresponds to the depth at which slow slip events are supposed to take place, and it is currently assumed that fluids play a large part in the onset of these slow slip events. Deformation mechanisms accompanying slow slip events are still debated, as well as the exact role of fluids, which remain enigmatic in their source, origin, volumetric importance together with the scale and the mode of their migration. To better understand how such fluids migrate in subducted metasediments and refine the budget of fluids in this context (from ~150°C-0.3 GPa to 350°C-1.2 GPa), we have studied subunits of the Schistes Lustrés Complex of the Western Alps. Lawsonite (ideally CaAl2Si2O7(OH)4.H2O) is ubiquitous in these rocks, in the schistose matrix as well as in metamorphic veins, attesting to fluid-rock interactions at depth. Lawsonite, a highly hydrated mineral (~12wt.% H2O) is of particular interest as it is known to play a key role in recycling fluids to mantle depths for it is stable up tu ultra-high pressures. This study aims first at defining which reactions allowed lawsonite crystallization to shed light on element transfer at depth. The petrologic study allowed distinguishing several types of lawsonite based on textural, micro-structural and morphologic criteria. Then, a detailed geochemical study of the lawsonite types has been carried out in this study. Results highlight the differences in fluid-rock interactions and their time evolution. The earliest, most abundant lawsonite type shows closed-system crystallization with small equilibrium length-scales (micro- to millimetres) whereas later lawsonite types indicate system opening with increased fluid mobility and element transfer via advection. Observations concur to showing progressive system opening in the Schistes Lustrés via increased fluid mobility. Scales of fluid mobilization remain uncertain and analysis of strontium isotopic ratios will help further constraining the source of fluids and their interactions with the host rock
Wagner, Hélène. „Intérêts et marche des éléments-traces“. Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTanguy, Virginie. „Spéciation colloïdale des éléments traces métalliques en milieu estuarien“. Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708258.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaya, Camille. „Mécanismes d’incorporation des éléments traces dans la pyrite diagénétique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS315.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePyrite (FeS2) is the most abundant iron sulfide on the Earth's surface. Pyrite is often used as a marker of anoxic/sulfidic conditions and to reconstruct the geochemistry of its formation media as it can trap various trace elements (TE) in its structure. However, the mechanisms of pyrite formation at the molecular level and the influence of TE on its formation remain poorly understood. Understanding these mechanisms will help predict the sequestration and release of potentially toxic TE by pyrite into the environment and better use pyrite as a paleomarker. The objective of this thesis is to identify the stages of formation of diagenetic pyrite and to understand the conditions of incorporation of its most frequently associated TE. In laboratory, the analysis of the synthesis products of pyrites doped with TE made it possible to provide new information on the structure of the FeS precursors of pyrite, to demonstrate the influence of metals and metalloids on its formation kinetics (Ni> Mn / Co> Cu / Zn / Se> Control / V> As / Mo) and to establish pyrite-solution partition coefficients for these elements (Cu ≥ Ni ≥ Co > Se / Mo > As > Zn > Mn). The analysis of sediments from Lake Tignes made it possible to study the diagenesis of iron sulfides in real conditions as a function of depth. The quantification of the Fe- and S-bearing phases has accentuated the importance of AVS in this context. The morphology of pyrite here would depend on the organization of the pores in these sediments. This work will clarify the role of pyrite in the biogeochemical cycle of Fe, S and TE in surface environments
Gavalda, David. „Devenir des éléments traces métalliques dans les boulbènes (luvi-redoxisol) après épandage de boues granulées“. Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT007A.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBustamante, Paco. „Bioaccumulation des éléments traces chez les mollusques céphalopodes et bivalves pectinidés : implication de leur biodisponibilité pour le transfert vers les prédateurs“. La Rochelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LAROS030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZaouak, Olivier. „Développement de capteurs électrochimiques sérigraphiés et d’un système d’analyse automatisé pour la mesure sur site et en semi-continu du cadmium dans les milieux aquatiques“. Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBaalousha, Mohammed Ahmed. „Rôle environnemental des colloïdes naturels comme porteurs des éléments traces“. Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, Xiang. „Typologie et géochimie du zircon : une approche nouvelle appliquée à la génèse des granites“. Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4275.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMarin, Béatrice. „Répartition et fractionnement géochimique des éléments traces dans les sédiments marins : application à la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion (Méditerranée Nord-Ouest, France)“. Perpignan, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PERP0309.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBourdin, Clément. „Enregistrement des variations climatiques par les éléments traces dans les spéléothèmes“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoint, David. „Spéciation et biogéochimie des éléments traces métalliques dans l'estuaire de l'Adour“. Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of this work involves the development of an analytical method for the speciation analysis of metals at ultratrace levels in complex matrices such as seawater and estuarine water. This analytical speciation system is composed of a first UV on-line photolysis module and a second preconcentration/matrix elimination platform employing chelating resin that allow to discriminate labile from complexed metal forms. This analytical speciation system can be directly employed for field speciation studies, or directly coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for flow injection analysis. The simultaneous application of isotope dilution technique for Cd determination is also presented. The second part of this work has allowed for the first time to study the biogeochemical cycle of trace elements in the Adour Estuary. This urban macrotidal estuary is characterized by a very low turbidity and a low time of residence for both water and particles. The study of trace metals sources demonstrate first that the anthropogenic pressure is limited under dry weather conditions compared to the upstream inputs that represent the majority metals fluxes entering the estuary. Exception can be distinguished for anthropogenic Ag and MMHg representing 28% and 9% respectively of the total inputs under low discharge conditions. Second, the detailed attention of biogeochemical processes occurring within estuarine mixing indicates important dynamic exchanges and transformations between metals forms and phases. Most of the processes are assumed to be linked to organic matter complexation properties and transformations occurring during estuarine transfer
Yan, Rong. „Partition des éléments traces dans les fumées de combustion du charbon“. Perpignan, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PERP0345.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleParat, Corinne. „Effets à long terme de l'apport répété de déchets organiques sur l'évolution de la matière organique et des éléments traces métalliques dans un sol sableux acide (Couhins, 33)“. Dijon, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01556412.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCabanis, Marie-Thérèse. „Contribution a l'étude du dosage des éléments traces dans les aliments par absorption atomique sans flamme : cas particulier du cadmium“. Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON13507.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLévèque, Thibaut. „Biomonitoring environnemental et sanitaire des sols pollués par les éléments traces métalliques“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0093/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a context where environmental health concerns are globally increasing. Improve understanding of the mechanisms and bioavailability (eco) toxicity of persistent metals pollutants is a priority, especially because of their observed omnipresence in ecosystems in relation to their compartmentation and speciation. The earthworm is used to assess soil quality; moreover this soil organism through its bioturbation activities affects biogeochemical cycles. Ecotoxicity tests under controlled circumstances on earthworms have been conducted with different soils and worms’ species. Then an impact study on earthworms’ communities was conducted on a polluted site showing a concentration gradient. The influence of earthworms’ bioturbation on phytoavailability of pollutants was studied through experiments in mesocosms and Rhizotest. Finally, in vitro measures of pollutants bioavailability were performed on polluted soils and plants in different contexts: brownfields, gardens, sports field. The objective is to study the link between bioavailability for humans, soil characteristics, context of pollution and toxicity. Two complementary approaches have been developed: scientific research related to the mechanisms and development of tools, practical procedures which could be used by managers and risk assessors. Ecotoxicity of metals and metalloid (denoted ETM) on earthworms is not simply governed by their total concentrations, but strongly depends on the physico-chemical characteristics of soils. Furthermore, analysis of earthworm communities from a contaminated site can evaluate the quality of soil since seen an impact on the abundance, diversity and rate of juvenile worms. In addition, earthworms’ bioturbation significantly increases the bioavailability of ETM for vegetable plants such as lettuce. Finally, the human bioaccessibility of ETM is governed by many factors, in particular the context of pollution. The bioaccessible fraction of ETM is directly responsible for their cytotoxicity on intestinal cells. These results were complemented by mechanistic studies (IR, EXAFS, XANES, μ-XRF)
Hannache, Badreddine. „La lithiase urinaire : épidémiologie, rôle des éléments traces et des plantes médicinales“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114804/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUrolithiasis is a widespread disease that affects 4-18% of the population according to the countries. This pathology requires a lot of multidisciplinary research. The work presented here aims firstly to clarify the nature of urinary stones in the eastern Algeria and then investigate the role of trace elements as well as the effect of some medicinal plants on the dissolution of urinary stones. The techniques used are mainly the following: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the calculi, X-ray fluorescence to determine the nature and content of trace elements and scanning electron microscopy to explore the inner structure of the crystallites at the mesoscopic scale. Other methods such as stereomicroscopy have been used for the morpho-constitutional analysis of the calculi and an experimental model was developed for the study of the effect of medicinal plants in vitro.Although the number of urinary stones considered being low, the epidemiology of urolithiasis in this region of Algeria was sketched. Calcium oxalate stones become predominant due to a change in eating habits but with a persistence of infection-induced calculi persist, whatever the urinary tract or gut origin of the infection. The acquired data do not underline a catalytic role of trace elements detected within the stones but are in favor of a simple adsorption process. None of the tested extracts from the Algerian pharmacopoeia has had a significant effect to dissolve the urinary stones
Garneau, Cyril. „Modélisation du transfert des éléments traces métalliques dans les eaux de surface“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2711/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrace Metals (TM) are a class of pollutant found in surface waters that can reach important levels. However, modelling tools available to simulate TM in rivers are rare and very specialized. These works propose a modelling approach to simulate transport of TM in rivers subject to dynamic and complex hydrology and physico-chemistry. Therefore, four processes have been modeled: the hydraulics, the transport of dissolved and particulate suspended elements with transient storage, the erosion - sedimentation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and the sorption - desorption of TM onto the SPM. The developed model was applied to an 87 km reach of the Garonne River in its middle course. Available data were taken in various sampling campaigns under contrasted hydrological conditions. Three TM were used to assess the model ability to simulate their fate. The arsenic and copper were selected for their highly dissolved nature and the lead for its highly particulate nature. The Modelo Hidrodinâmico (MOHID) model provided the hydrodynamic model, using the full St-Venant equations in one dimension for the hydraulics of the river, the advection - dispersion equations for the transport of dissolved and particulate suspended elements and the Partheniades equations for the erosion - sedimentation of the SPM. The One-dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS) model was added to account for the transient storage of dissolved and particulate elements. Two chemical model of sorption - desorption were coupled to MOHID. The first one uses a constant separation coefficient of the dissolved and particulate phase of TM, the so-called Kd, while the second is the Windermere Humic Acid Model (WHAM), which computes a variable Kd based on the physico-chemistry and the SPM composition. With the help of modelling hypothesis, the resulting hydro-geo-chemical model was calibrated on the study case and each parameter was either validated or explained by direct or indirect observations. These modelling approaches highlighted the importance of a very good description of the SPM dynamics under a variable hydrological context to simulate TM transport. Furthermore, the transport of a particulate TM such as lead is well represented with a simple sorption model (fixed Kd) while a dissolved TM such as copper is better represented with a variable sorption model. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the model showed that the Kd was very sensitive to the pH. Moreover, the average Kd proved to be sensitive to physico-chemical factors while its variation was mostly influenced by hydrodynamic factors (Manning coefficient and erosion - sedimentation parameters). These works open new insights on the formalism of TM transfer at larger scale
Salomon, Stéphanie. „Optimisation du dosage d'ultra traces de métaux dans l'eau de mer par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique sans flamme (Al, Cu, Fe) : comparaison avec deux autres méthodes dans le cas de l'aluminium“. Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSaby, Nicolas. „Distribution à l'échelle nationale des charactéristiques des sols et détection des changements. : Apport des bases de données géographiques, des techniques d’analyse spatiale et de la modélisation“. Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARB026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to assess the potential of spatial databases to monitor soil quality at a national level. Data were collected in the framework of French National Programmes. To adress this issue we show that the spatio-temporal statistical analyses must be adapted to the sampling design and to the nature of the information studied. Among the set of the possible soil variables, this work focused on some of those having a high environmental impact : the organic carbon content and the content of same trace elements. Our results show the possiblity to map soil properties at national scale, to reveal strong spatial structures and, to attribute them to different natural and artifcial processes. Large temporal trends could also be detected and explained. I discuss the limitation of the present designs and of the statistical analyses we conducted and i propose further research developpements for monitoring of soil quality
Ponthieu, Marie. „Spéciation des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols et les solutions des sols : du modèle au terrain“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, environmental problems related to soil pollution with heavy metals are numerous, therefore, it is important to understand metals behavior in soils and to appreciate their transfer. The fate of the metals in the environment is closely related to their interactions with the major reactive soil compartments (organic matter, iron and manganese oxides, clays). The objective of this work is to develop an approach based on the combination of several model to study metal ion speciation in the soil and the soil solution. Models used to describe the interactions of metals with the main reactive phases in the soil are CD-MUSIC (amorphous and crystallized iron oxides), NICA-Donnarf (organic matter and manganese oxides), cationic ion exchange model (clays). First, this work implies the definition of generic parameters to describe the interactions of the studied metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) with iron and manganese oxides, a part of this information is missing in the literature. Then, after the validation of the approach by comparison with analytical results, this multi-surface model is applied to two contaminated soils located in the North of France (atmospheric deposits) and in Brittany (intensive pig manure applications)
Bertrand, Didier. „Etude des conditions d'analyse des traces de fer, cobalt, nickel et cuivre dans les verres fluores zblan“. Le Mans, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LEMA1013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuérel, Gilles. „Cristallochimie des éléments traces dans les phases du manteau terrestre : applications de la spectroscopie de luminescence à haute pression et haute température“. Rennes 1, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675418.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLevy, Yann. „Rôle des vitamines et des éléments traces en enzymologie : étiologies de leur subcarence“. Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLatrille, Christelle. „Localisation des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols. Application au fonds géochimique naturel“. Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEttajani, Hanane. „Transfert des éléments traces essentiels ou toxiques dans une chaîne trophique à mollusques“. Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVinit-Dunand, Florence. „Phytotoxicité et transfert sol-plante des éléments traces métalliques : influence de l'alimentation minérale“. Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first aim of this work was to improve the knowledge of copper excess effects on photosynthesis and growth of plants. Growth inhibition of cucumber plants by low copper excess induce photosynthesis inhibition. By strong copper contamination the photosynthesis and the growth are directly altered. The storage of metals in the roots seems to be a shoots protection strategy for plants. An other aim of this work was to bring about the influence of sulphur supply on phytotoxicity and soil to plant copper transfers. A sufficient sulphur nutrition gives a slight protection for leaf expansion of cucumber contaminated by low copper excess. This positive influence is not linked with modification of soil to plant copper transfers. The hypothesis would be that the mechanisms of protection and detoxification such as ascorbate-glutathion cycle or phytochelatins could be involved
Gonneau, Cédric. „Distribution, écologie et évolution de l'hyperaccumulation des éléments en traces par Noccaea caerulescens“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNoccaea caerulescens (Brassicaceae) is the main hyperaccumulator of Cd, Ni and Zn, candidate for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. The distribution of the species is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity of environmental factors, especially concerning the soil composition. In addition, significant variations in the hyperaccumulation ability between populations of the species have been observed. Therefore, from a broad sampling in France and its neighboring regions, the aim of this thesis was: i) a better understanding of the ecology of N. caerulescens including soil habitat components, iii) a comparison of the ability of populations to accumulate Cd, Ni and Zn and iii) the assessment of the genetic structure among populations. Our results show that N. caerulescens is widespread in the French mountains and not restricted to the metalliferous sites given the large number of non-metalliferous stations explored. In addition, the prospected stations are characterized by a wide range in the soil composition leading to propose a new classification of N. caerulescens stations. On the accumulation of trace elements in situ, we have shown that the bioavailability of trace elements was not the only factor explaining the observed concentrations in the plant. Moreover, hydroponic cultures highlighted a compromise between carbon allocation and accumulation of trace elements especially in serpentine populations. Finally, the analysis of the neutral genetic structure highlighted three geographic regions highly differentiated, but not consistent with the edaphic type
Qasim, Bashar Hussein. „Détermination, spéciation et biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols contaminés et technosols“. Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2069/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis dealt with the determination and study of the ecodynamics of trace metals in technosols highly contaminated in metals and metalloids in the context of natural revegetalisation or phytoremediation. Two sequential extraction schemes were used jointly with selective extractions in parallel with the determination of the total metals concentration in soils, the total dissolved metals concentration in the soil pore water, the metals labile pool (DGT) and germination tests with dwarf beans to investigate the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of (Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) for technosols of two post-mining (La Petite Faye) and industrial (Mortagne du Nord) sites. Additionally, young plants of P. euramericana Dorskamp were cultivated in rhizobox on Mortagne du Nord technosols to investigate the rhizospheric effect on the mobility of metals. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen addition under nitrate and ammonium on the behavior of these metals has been investigated for P. euramericana Dorskamp for the same soils. Despite the high total metals and metalloids concentration in the La Petite Faye soils, the mobility of these potentially toxic elements is limited because of their association with the residual fraction. The phytoavailability is also limited and correlated with the labile pool of technosols. The culture of P. euramericana Dorskamp generated a rhizospheric effect characterized by an increase of the pH and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil pore water and a decrease in the total dissolved concentration of metals (Zn, Pb et Cd) in the soil pore water. The addition of nitrogen under nitrate or ammonium respectively increased and decreased the soil pore water pH and in the case of ammonium the DOC also increased and stabilized metals in the rhizosphere in comparison to control soils
Devallois, Valérie. „Transferts et mobilité des éléments traces métalliques dans la colonne sédimentaire des hydrosystèmes continentaux“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCamarillo, Ravelo Danté. „Détection et caractérisation par rayons X des éléments traces dans les fruits et légumes“. Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0050/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study refers to the detection of heavy metals by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as the detection method. We evaluate the characteristics of a high energy nondestructive device for detection and quantification of trace elements in fruits and vegetables. Ln the first part, we present a synthesis on the state-of-the-art concerning the european norms and the destructive and nondestructive references methods. Ln the second part, after revising the theory of photon-matter interaction with a more precise description of the X-ray fluorescence phenomenon, we describe commercial devices using X-ray fluorescence. At the end of this part we discuss about the opportunity of using XRF for detection on heavy metal traces on fruits and vegetables. Thereafter, a set of law energy simulations carried out with the Monte-Carlo PENELOPE code, make it possible to highlight a linear relation between the ratio of fluorescence photopeak on scatter photopeak and the concentration of the various studied elements. The code used is confronted to a set of XRF measurements carried out at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facilily (ESRF), which helped in the interpretation of spectra and enabled us to evaluate the variations between simulation and experiment. We then test this tool with the aim of anticipating the performances of a measurement system at higher energy in the case of a practical experience with a polychromatic source. Ln the last part of this thesis, we present a complementary study of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS and XANES) as a technique able to show the chemical speciation of the trace elements in the biological systems. The spectra analysis (EXAFS and XANES), carried out on Phaseolus vulgaris samples obtained by hydroponic culture, shows that the chemical environment is almost identical between the leaves, the stems and the roots but different from the solution employed for doping. We compared our EXAFS spectra with a data base obtained of the bibliographical references. The analysis of lead composite is difficult because of the high variability of its coordination numbers, but the method nevertheless makes it possible to appreciate its chemical environment which is directly related to the product toxicity
Lerat, Antoine. „Dynamique des éléments traces métalliques à l’interface ville-estuaire : métaux classiques et terres rares“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleControl of urban pollutants is a major issue, especially in coastal areas, in a context of rapidly growing urbanization and the emission of emerging potentially highly toxic contaminants, such as Rare Earth Elements (REEs). This study is a part of the REGARD project and aims at understanding the dynamics of “conventional” trace metals (Tms) and REEs in the Jalle River, the main urban hydrosystem draining the Bordeaux Metropole and to assess its influence on the Garonne section of the Gironde estuary after having characterized two major urban sources: domestic wastewater and stormwater runoff draining the Bordeaux Highway. Due to its use as a contrast agent for MRIs and its low removal in WWTPs, gadolinium (Gd) is an excellent tracer of the domestic/hospital urban source in the Jalle River. With an annual flux estimated at 27 kg.yr-1 (23 mg.hab-1.yr-1) of dissolved Gdantrh in the Garonne River, the Bordeaux Metropole contributes nearly 25% of the Gd in the main branch of the Gironde Estuary. This flux have probably evolved like those of the Garonne at its outlet (before Bordeaux Metropole) which have doubled over the past two decades (2003: 32 kg.yr-1; 2017: 75 kg.yr-1) due to the increase in MRIs on the Garonne watershed. The high temporal analysis of a major summer rainstorm showed that the relative contributions of the daily TM fluxes of the Jalle River ranged from: 5 %(Sr) - 40%(Cu) for dissolved phases and 30% (As) – 88% (Cu) for particulate phases. The first forty minutes of the event (<17% of time) accounted for 65% of the SPM flux (and associated particulate TMs) exported by the stormwater runoff because of the first-flush of road dust. If Cu and Zn fluxes had significant contribution for the Jalle River, they are not good tracers of traffic-related source because of their ubiquitous uses. Although cerium anomalies are still weak, it should be a future good tracer with higher traffic density and technological development in catalytic converters. Using a 2-year monitoring along the Jalle continuum, this study demonstrated the upstream watershed strongly influences the geochemical composition of the Jalle River for many majors and TMs (e.g. Al, Fe, REEs) and that it contributes the bulk of dissolved TM fluxes (Al: 96%; REEs: 96 - 99%). The domestic source, via the WWTP loads, continuously affects the quality of the Jalle waters by significantly increasing dissolved Ni, Sn, Cu, Ag and Gd concentrations, mainly during low water conditions due to lower dilution by the upstream Jalle River. Conversely, the traffic-related (highway) source influences the Jalle River only more intermittently with regard to dissolved and particulate Cu, Zn, Sb during major summer rainstorm. Finally, further works on geochemical cycles of TMs at the urban-estuarine interfaces will be essential to reduce dispersion of TMs in urban systems, in order to limit impacts on natural environmental systems and to develop methods for the recovery and recycling of technology-critical elements
Nguyen, Thanh Nho. „Dynamiques des éléments traces métalliques dans un estuaire tropical à mangroves (Can Gio, Vietnam)“. Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NCAL0006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMangroves are considered as efficient barriers between land and sea, being sinks for trace metals and protecting coastal water from pollutions. However this ability may depend on sediment characteristics and hydrology. The fate of trace metal is complex due to various biogeochemical processes across the intertidal zone. Because of their toxicity to mangrove biodiversity and also to human health, the trace metal cycling is a serious question addressed by many scientists during the last few decades and nowadays. In contrast to the rest of the world, trace metal distribution in Viet Nam’s mangrove forest has received little attention. The aim of this research was to characterize some trace metals dynamics in the Can Gio mangrove, which is located in the Southern Viet Nam, being situated at the edge of a densely populated megacity – Ho Chi Minh City (i.e. almost 10 million inhabitants) and the South China Sea. Along the Can Gio estuary, trace metals, which mainly originated from upstream lateritic soils, were transported mostly associated with suspended solids, mainly oxihydroxides forms. After being deposited in mangrove sediments, the oxihydroxides were dissolved by bacteria during organic matter decay processes under suboxic condition, releasing trace metals in pore-waters. The enrichment of mangrove derived-OM from the mudflat to the Rhizophora stand played a key role in controlling diagenetic processes. Dissolved metals were then reprecipitated with new bearing phases such as organometallic complexes, suphides, carbonate etc. depending on the redox condition and on metal characteristics. Furthermore, part of these dissolved metals were available for biota uptake or export to tidal creek by pore-water seepage. Consequently, this PhD thesis also demonstrated that mangrove ecosystems can be sources of trace metals for adjacent ecosystems
Le, Coustumer Sébastien-Maël. „Colmatage et rétention des éléments traces métalliques dans les systèmes d'infiltration des eaux pluviales“. Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0068/these.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle. . . This thesis has examined two issues of particular importance: the pollutant removal capabilities of the systems, and the potential for clogging that leads to a decrease in hydraulic conductivity and system performance. It was undertaken within the framework of two major research projects, the Field Observatory for Urban Water Management in France and the Facility for Advancing Water Biofiltration in Australia. Field scale experiments have been conducted initially by assessing the performance of 37 biofiltration systems built on the east coast of Australia, and then by monitoring continuously over a three and half year period a large infiltration basin in Lyon. Laboratory experiments have also been conducted on large experimental columns in order to explore the influence of design on the performance of the systems, and to provide a basis for understanding field measurements. One of the specific aims of this work was to evaluate the performance of stormwater filtration systems over an extended period of time, in order to assess their real sustainability. . .
Rigaud, Sylvain. „Dynamique et biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sédiments de l'étang de Berre“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe industrialization of the Berre lagoon in the 20th century was accompanied by large releases trace metals, which were partially accumulated in sediments and are now likely to be remobilized to the water column or be integrated into the food chain and cause an ecotoxicological risk.The reconstruction of the temporal and spatial trends of sediment contamination shows that current levels of contamination of surface sediments have been the lowest for decades in agreement with the effectiveness of regulations on industrial releases set up in the years 1970. These levels are low to moderate in surface but very high contamination exist a few centimeters below the sediment surface.The role of Fe and Mn oxy-hydroxides and sulfides in controlling the mobility of ETM in the sediment and fluxes at the water/sediment interface has been demonstrated through the modeling of transport and reactions of chemical compounds and trace metals in the pore waters, their concentration profiles in the reactive fraction of the particulate phase and experiments under controlled laboratory conditions. The oxygenation of the water column is the main parameter influencing the mobility and fluxes and the influence of reoxygenation of bottom water column in the Grand Etang is discussed.Finally, the bioavailability of trace metals and adverse effects they may constitute for a target benthic organism, the polychaete Nereis succinea, were evaluated by estimating the potentially bioavailable fraction in sediments (chemical extractions and Diffusive Gradient in Thin-films), by measuring bioaccumulated concentrations and by the use of biomarkers (metallothioneins and genotoxicity assays). Some highly bioaccumulated trace metals pose a potential risk and might be involved in the degradation of the benthic macrofauna
Lacercat-Didier, Laurence. „Filtration biologique pour la réduction des éléments traces métalliques dans la biomasse du peuplier“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0077/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhytostabilization is a gentle management option for sites polluted by trace elements (TE). Mycorrhizal fungi could assist plants in stabilizing pollutants by increasing the soil-prospected volume and by immobilizing MTE in their hyphae. Within the BIOFILTREE project, several approaches were used to select fungal strains that could be used for enhancing the phytostabilization process. Firstly, the mycorrhizal status of roots of three poplar clones from a TE-polluted site and the fungi associated with the roots were analyzed. The roots were colonized by endomycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and endophytic fungi. Our data also revealed some specific trends, i.e. Hebeloma species was not associated with all poplar genotypes. Secondly, several fungal strains were isolated from polluted sites and their in vitro tolerance to TE was tested. There was a strong inter- and intra-specific variation in metal tolerance. In a greenhouse study, two poplar clones were inoculated with an endomycorrhizal inoculum and grown on a TE-polluted soil. A slight modification in TE accumulation in shoots was observed. In parallel, the role of ZIP (Zrt-Irt- like Proteins) and CDF (Cation Diffusion Facilitator) proteins in TE homeostasis/tolerance was also studied in the ectomycorrhizal model fungus Laccaria bicolor. The corresponding proteins were functionally characterized by the use of different approaches (yeast complementation, GFP-chimeric proteins, transcript analyses, cell metal content analyses). This study allowed us to better understand the mechanisms underlying zinc uptake and compartmentation in the hyphae of this fungus
Farrier, Léa. „Culture de l’alpiste roseau et du panic érigé sur un sol contaminé en éléments traces métalliques“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70385.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrace metal elements (TME) are the second most important contaminant just after hydrocarbons. They represent 34% of contaminated sites in Canada and 46% in Quebec, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil contamination by Cu, Zn and Pb on switchgrass and reed canarygrass crops. From 56 sampling points, contaminated (CZ, n = 21) and uncontaminated zones (UCZ, n = 35) were assigned. From 2016 to 2018, multiple sampling of above-ground biomass plant and soil properties was performed to assess the effect of the presence of TME on crops yield and to determine whether the uptake differs according to plant species. Yields varied between 3.2 and 6.8 T ha-1 for switchgrass and 1.9 and 2.7 T ha-1 for reed canarygrass. No significant differences in yield were observed between the two zones, except for switchgrass in 2016 where it was 1.5 T ha-1 higher in the CZ. For both crops, Cu concentrations were similar between the two zones. For Zn and Pb, they were higher in the CZ than in the UCZ. Total soil metal concentrations generally decreased from 2016. Correlations between TME concentrations in plant and total concentrations in soil are weak. Total TME soil concentrations, Mehlich-3 and DTPA-TEA-CaCl2 (pH 7,3) extracted concentrations are strongly correlated with each other. We conclude that the cultivation of those two crops on metal-contaminated soils is possible without significant crop yield loss compared to uncontaminated soils. Since the uptake differed among the TME, additional studies are needed to conclude that contaminated sites with TME can be use to cultivate switchgrass and reed canarygrass as plant biomass for energy purposes.
Douville, Eric. „Les fluides hydrothermaux océaniques : comportement géochimique des éléments traces et des terres rares : processus associés et modélisation thermodynamique“. Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlain, Stéphane. „Application de polyamines immobilisées à la préconcentration de traces métalliques en milieu marin“. Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleN'guessan, Yao Mathieu. „Dynamique des éléments traces dans les eaux de surface des bassins versants agricoles de Gascogne“. Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT023A.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Gascogne region, located in the South West of France, is cultivated for more than 75% of the area. To evaluate the impact of agricultural practices on the river quality in this region, 83 samples of river bed sediments and 75 samples of river waters were collected. Major and trace elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Cd) concentrations, rare earth elements (REE), POC and DOC, pH were analyzed in these samples. The results show that PHE (Potential Harmful Elements) concentrations vary from 0,01 µg. L -1 (Cd) to 4,46 µg. L -1 (Zn) and from 0. 11µg. G -1 (Cd) to 84. 98 µg. G -1 (Zn) respectively, in the dissolved fraction of the river water and in the particulate fraction of the bed sediments. In the dissolved fraction, PHE are controlled by chloride and organic matter, particulary in the areas where the anthropogenic inputs of these compounds are significant. In the river bed sediments, particulate PHE are mainly associated to iron oxides and aluminosilicates, except Cd which is associated to carbonates. In the Gascogne rivers, PHE mainly originated from natural weathering processes; nevertheless, an anthropogenic contribution can be observed, particularly for Cd, Co and Pb, but the enrichment factor (EF) does not exceed 5. Cd enrichment is particularly important in carbonated cultivated catchment (probably in relation to phosphate fertilizer inputs), which contribute to 35% of the total concentration. The other PHE are more affected by atmospheric depositions in forested areas, which supply between 2% (Cr) and 24% (Co) of the total PHE concentration. Pb anthropogenic contribution (24%) estimated using Pb isotopes is close to the value obtained by geochemical approach (22%). Cd, Co and Pb are the most enriched elements and are the most mobile and available for organisms within the physico-chemical conditions of Gascogne rivers. Finally, REE concentration patterns allow to show that the geochemical signature of Gascogne river bed sediments reflects that of soil surface horizons, in which most of the pollutants are passing through before to be eroded/leached towards the rivers
Robert, Sébastien. „Bilan géochimique des éléments traces métalliques dans l'estuaire de la Gironde : réactivité interne et anthropisation“. Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT047H.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLarrose, Aurélie. „Quantification et spatialisation de la contamination en éléments traces métalliques du système fluvio-estuarien girondin“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14285/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Gironde estuarine system is impacted by historic polymetallic pollution due to mining and smelting activities in the upper watershed. Based on a high spatial resolution sampling strategy, wepropose the first maps of trace element (TE) contamination in the surface sediment at the estuarine scale. The highest TE concentrations occurred in the North Channel in the downstream estuary and inthe island zone in the upper estuary. Estimation of potentially releasable TE fraction, of enrichment factors and a comparison between measured TE concentrations and sediment quality guidelines allow us to class a major part of the estuary as a low to medium priority zone in terms of potential toxicityfor aquatic organisms.The TE contamination in the intra-estuarine watersheds included in a project of water quality management of the Gironde estuary (SAGE), was assessed for 57 watersheds by coupling into GIS,typological characteristics of the watersheds and geochemical analyses of stream sediments. Highest anomalies were found for urban watersheds for which urban tracers were identified as Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg,Sb and Zn, and for vineyard watersheds with Cu. A study of temporal and spatial variations of TEconcentrations in two small agricultural watersheds lead us to identify inputs from point and diffusive sources, especially for Ag, As, Cu and U related to anthropogenic activities. Marsh areas also play an important role in TE reactivity mainly due to organic matter transformations. In laboratory experiments simulating the transportation of TE from agricultural soils to aquatic systems and the maturing process of soil particles in the stream help us to identify processes responsible for TE release in the environment. Long term release of copper was mainly attributed to organic colloid transformation which implies an increase in the mobility, and consequently, the potential bioavailability/toxicity of Cu for aquatic organisms
Lesven, Ludovic. „Devenir des éléments traces métalliques au sein du sédiment : un compartiment clé de l'environnement aquatique“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10112/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe pollution of aquatic ecosystems by trace metals (TM) is one of the major problems to which is faced our present society. These metals pass in transit through the water column and are finally trapped in sediments. From then on, they are involved in several biogeochemical reactions that likely modify more or less significantly their speciation and therefore their (bio)availability for the whole trophic chain. My researches are involved in this environmental topic and take part in the European Program INTERREG-III, Stardust. Three cross-border sites between France and Belgium have mainly been considered for this thesis: Scheldt, Lys and Spierre rivers. Trace metal analysis in the three sites sediments have pointed out high contamination by cadmium. However the metals (mainly Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) are mostly trapped in the reduced sulphur pool in these sediments. Conversely, Co and Ni are less trapped in these sediments due to their higher availability. Several sediment and porewater quality indexes have been used and shown that Spierre sediments seem to have a low toxicity according to the high AVS concentrations whereas interstitial waters are more polluted because of the low water hardness. Furthermore, the DGT -AgI technique used for the determination of dissolved sulphides has been deployed successfully in the North Sea sediment core to emphasize the sëasonal effect on the sulphides production. ln the same way, our work on gold microelectrodes results finally in the monitoring on line of Zn and Pb concentration in Deùle river, and sorne preliminary measurements directly in the Deûle sediments
Calesso, Teixeira Elba. „Étude des phénomènes relatifs à la concentration et à la lixiviation des éléments-traces dans les cendres volantes produites lors de la combustion du charbon pulvérisé“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerger, Gilles. „Etude expérimentale des premiers stades de l'altération hydrothermale de verres basaltiques et d'olivines : comportement des éléments en trace“. Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Fadl Hassan. „Détermination d'éléments atomiques sous forme de traces dans un biomatériau par radioactivation neutronique et analyse de la température de transition de phase aragonite-calcite“. Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21282.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubuis, Simon. „Développement d’un verre à base d'oxydes de métaux lourds pour applications dans l'infrarouge“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67762.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOptical telecommunications require the development of new materials to increase information exchange. Among the materials regularly used, glass occupies an important place. Its transparency allows signals to be sent over long distances. Its low cost and simple manufacture make it usable on a large scale. Common oxide glasses such as phosphates (1200 cm⁻¹), silicates (1100 cm⁻¹) or borates (1400 cm⁻¹) have a limited transmission in the mid-IR region due to their high phonon energy. On the other hand, oxide-free glasses with low phonon energy and high transparency in the mid-IR are characterized by low thermal stability. To fill these gaps, glass based on barium, germanium and gallium oxide (BGG) is studied, characterized by low phonon energy, wide transmission window, high thermal stability, and good chemical and mechanical properties. The master’s project explores its thermal, optical and structural properties with the aim of developing a new optical fiber for infrared applications. The first part of this master’s thesis determines an optimal glass composition. The transmission window is maximized, the thermal stability is high, and the composition must support purification. Among the various compositions, the composition 40GeO₂ - 20Ga₂O₃ - 40BaO was selected to carry out the study of bismuth and thulium doping. The second part studies 40GeO₂ - 20Ga₂O₃ - 40BaO glass as a host matrix for the doping of these two ions. Doping with bismuth exhibits a remarkably wide photoluminescence band in the spectral range of 1000-1600 nm. XPS analysis shows that the Bi³⁺ is responsible for this issue. Finally, the first optical fiber tests carried out with samples of BGG show its potential for the manufacture of optical fibers.
Duta, Mariana. „Synthèse et études préliminaires de calixarènes modifiés en vue de leur application en immunoanalyse de traces“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHoenig, Michel. „Spectrométrie d'absorption atomique électrothermique : contribution à l'établissement d'une méthodologie rationnelle pour la détermination des éléments traces dans les milieux naturels“. Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePouil, Simon. „Rôles de différents facteurs écologiques sur le transfert trophique des éléments traces chez des téléostéens marins“. Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS019/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTeleost fish accumulate metals through different pathways and It is now well established that food plays a major role in this accumulation. Nevertheless, there is still lack of knowledge on the variability of metal trophic transfer in fish in connection with their life context. The present doctoral research aims at characterizing the influence of biological and environmental factors on the assimilation efficiency (AE) of essential and non-essential metals in fish. AE determination during a series of experiment under controlled condition reveals that biological factors, in particular the type of food ingested, play a predominant role in metal AE in fish while environmental factors (pH, temperature, salinity ...) seem to have a limited influence. All the work carried out during this thesis allows a better understanding of the trophic transfer of metals in fish and, thus bring new knowledge in the field of fish nutrition and ecotoxicology