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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Zero-cost abstrakce“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Zero-cost abstrakce"
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Tran, Ly, Charlie Ervin, Morgan Mickalis, Rachael Weigle, Rahul Sampath und Steven Isserman. „Abstract 203: Appropriate Utilization of the HEART Score Saves Money: A Community Hospital Perspective“. Circulation Research 127, Suppl_1 (31.07.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/res.127.suppl_1.203.
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HEART Score (HS) is a risk stratification tool used in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients presenting with undifferentiated chest pain. It is calculated by attributing zero, one, or two points in the following domains: history, EKG, age, risk factors, and troponin with a composite score of zero to ten. Low-risk patients with HS ≤3 are considered safe for outpatient evaluation. Prior studies show appropriate utilization of the HS reduces hospitalizations and unnecessary cardiac testing as well as healthcare cost. We conducted a retrospective chart review of young adults <45 years of age, admitted from the emergency department (ED) with undifferentiated chest pain between August 2018 and September 2019. HS was calculated for each adult, and when available, compared to scores calculated by the ED. Patients were reviewed for 30 day MACE, HS accuracy, diagnostic testing, and hospitalization cost. Of our 150 admitted patients, 91 (60.7%) had a HS ≤3 representing a low-risk cohort. HS was calculated by the ED in 36 patients (24%), 11 of those 36 were low-risk. 23 out of 36 patients had scores different from our calculation. No MACE occurred in the low-risk group. A single angioplasty was performed in a patient with a HS of 5. Median charge on each admitted patient with HS ≤3 is $19,000, translating to 1.73 million dollars.In a rural community hospital, outpatient management of young adults age ≤45 with a HS≤3 appears safe and cost-effective. In our institution, the HS was underused with score variability among providers. We feel there is an opportunity to improve care and save money through proper implementation of the HS. This is achievable through education, standard protocols, and better communication among ED, in-patient, and ambulatory services.
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Schoenike, Mark W., Ravi V. Shah, Miguel Á. Armengol de la Hoz, Thomas F. Cunningham, Jasmine B. Blodgett, Melissa Tanguay, John A. Sbarbaro et al. „Abstract 16004: Clinical and Hemodynamic Correlates of Exaggerated Metabolic Cost of Exercise Initiation“. Circulation 142, Suppl_3 (17.11.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.16004.
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Introduction: Exercise intolerance is common in cardiovascular disease and is a cardinal manifestation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Decreased exercise capacity is often attributed to cardiac limitations, though HFpEF is increasingly recognized to be both a metabolic and a cardiovascular disorder. Hypothesis: Patients with HFpEF will have exaggerated metabolic cost of exercise initiation with associated high expenditure of hemodynamic reserve capacity. Methods: We quantified the workload-equivalent cost of initiating exercise using cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with HFpEF (N=184, age 62±13, 47% women, peak VO2 13.8±3.3 ml/kg/min). Individualized VO2-work rate relationships during loaded exercise were used to derive the work-equivalents required to move extremities with zero external resistance (0 watts)—termed “internal work” (IW). Standard linear regression techniques were used for comparisons. Results: In individuals with HFpEF, the internal work (42±28 W) was often a large portion of the total workload achieved. BMI accounted for the greatest variance in IW (23%), suggesting a metabolic basis for IW. Resting measures of myocardial function and biventricular filling pressures did not measurably contribute to explanatory variance in IW, suggesting a non-cardiac origin. Individuals with HFpEF in the fourth quartile of IW (76±28W) had a dramatic hemodynamic response to exercise in pulmonary capillary wedge and mean pulmonary arterial pressures. Changes in hemodynamic measurements were more modest between quartiles of IW in the submaximal ramp period following unloaded exercise. Conclusions: Internal work is a new measure that captures the metabolic cost of initiating movement. Internal work is associated with limitations in achievable external workload as well as steep early increases in cardiac filling pressures in HFpEF. Further investigation into the pathophysiology of elevated IW is needed.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Zero-cost abstrakce"
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Hýbl, Matouš. „Dvoukanálový kontrolér krokových motorů“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442448.
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Cílem této práce je vývoj dvoukanálového kontroléru krokových motorů. V rámci práce je popsán jak vývoj elektroniky, tak vývoj příslušného software. Elektronika kontrolŕu je založena na mikrokontroléru STM32F405 a driverů krokových motorů vyráběných firmou Trinamic. Pro komunikaci s nadřazenými systémy je implementován protokol CANOpen a sběrnice I\textsuperscript{2}C a USB. Elektronika byla navržena v software KiCAD and využívá čtyřvrstvého plošného spoje a moderních výrobních technologií. Co se týká software, byl vyvinut jak firmware pro mikrokontrolér, tak software pro ovládání kontroléru. Obě části software využívají programovacího jazyka Rust, který se zaměřuje na bezpečnost práce s pamětí, rychlost a zero-cost abstrakce. Sekundárním cílem této práce je ukázat, jak lze tento programovací jazyk s výhodou použít pro programování nízkoúrovňového embedded software. Firmware kontroléru implementuje nezávislé řízení pohybu obou os kontroléru a to jak v rychlostním, tak v pozičním režimu a zároveň implementuje bezpečnostní funkce pro případy selhání komunikace. Výsledný kontrolér by měl být použit v rámcí výzkumné skupiny Robotiky a Umělé Inteligence a studenty na Ústavu Automatizace FEKT VUT.
Buchteile zum Thema "Zero-cost abstrakce"
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Yamat, Lucas E., und Claude G. Mung'ong'o. „A comparative cost-benefit analysis of mobile and sedentary pastoral production systems in selected villages in Northern Tanzania.“ In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 59–98. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0059.
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Abstract Despite a growing body of evidence that highlights the economic, social and environmental benefits of mobile pastoralism, few governments are ready to tolerate mobility and many policy makers promote knowingly or inadvertently the policies of sedentarization. This production system seems not to be clearly understood by many and has been characterized as backward, environmentally destructive and economically unsustainable; and the view is that it should be replaced with more sedentary forms of livestock production or other beneficial land uses. The overriding question is whether sedentary livestock keeping is more productive and utilizes fewer resources and less space than the mobile pastoral system. This study carried out a comparative cost-benefit analysis of the two production systems in selected villages of Kiteto and Karatu districts. The aim was to come up with credible data to test this hypothesis. Two alternatives were compared in terms of their net present value (NPV) to test a null hypothesis. The alternative with an NPV greater than zero or higher than its alternative was accepted to be more viable compared with the one with an NPV less than zero or less than its alternative. Whenever the NPV of the sedentary production system in the analysis was shown to be greater than zero and/or greater than the NPV of the mobile pastoral production system the null hypothesis was accepted and vice versa. The study was conducted in Makame village of Kiteto District and Dofa village of Karatu District. Makame village represents a mobile pastoral production system while Dofa village represents a sedentary production system. The study employed a quantitative approach using a household survey in the two villages. The comparative cost-benefit analysis was carried out using monetary values derived from the livestock unit statistical approach. The findings have revealed that the average cost of maintaining a mobile pastoral and sedentary production systems are TSh90,096,333 and TSh112,295,200, respectively. The cost-benefit ratios are 1:0.5 for a mobile pastoral production system and 1:0.25 for the sedentary one.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Zero-cost abstrakce"
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Otto, Kevin N., und Erik K. Antonsson. „The Method of Imprecision Compared to Utility Theory for Design Selection Problems“. In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0018.
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Abstract Two methods have been proposed for manipulating uncertainty reflecting designer choice: utility theory and the method of imprecision. Both methods represent this uncertainty across decision making attributes with zero to one ranks, higher preference modeled with a higher rank. The two methods can differ, however, in the combination metrics used to combine the ranks of the incommensurate design attributes. Utility theory resolves the multi-attributes using various well proven additive metrics. In contrast, the method of imprecision resolves by also considering non-additive metrics, such as ranking by the worst case performance or by multiplicative metrics. The axioms of utility theory are appropriate for designs where it is deemed the attributes can always be traded off, even to the point of achieving zero preference in some attributes. In the case of a design with attributes which cannot have zero preference, such as stress limits or maximum allowed cost, the method of imprecision is more appropriate: it trades off attribute levels without permitting any of them to be traded off to zero performance.
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Mallants, Dirk, Hugo Moors, Lian Wang, Norbert Maes, Hildegarde Vandenhove, Ludo Diels, Leen Bastiaens und Johan Vos. „Testing Permeable Reactive Barrier Media for Remediation of Uranium Plumes in Groundwater“. In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1263.
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Abstract In-situ treatment of contaminated groundwater by means of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) is becoming a cost-effective remediation technique. Various reactive materials that might be used in PRBs were tested in their ability to remove uranium from groundwater. Materials tested include ferric oxyhydroxides, coarse- and fine-grained zero-valent iron, aluminium-iron oxides, and zeolites. Batch tests were used to evaluate the removal efficiency of these materials. To analyse the effect of groundwater composition on the interaction between dissolved uranium and reactive materials, two types of groundwater were used, mainly differing in carbonate content and pH. Considering an equilibration time of 48 hours and initial uranium concentrations between 2.4 and 24 mg/1, finegrained zero-valent iron proved to be most effective with a uranium removal efficiency of more than 96% for carbon-rich groundwater and 99% for carbon-poor groundwater. Intermediate efficiency was observed for coarsegrained zero-valent iron and aluminium-iron oxides. Less than 10% of the dissolved uranium was adsorbed on the iron oxyhydroxides. Zeolites did not remove any uranium from solution. Results further indicated a positive correlation between dissolved inorganic carbon content and dissolved uranium at equilibrium. Because it can be easily obtained at a fairly low price, zero-valent iron is a promising material for use in PRBs.
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Ehlig-Economides, Christine, und Dimitrios G. Hatzignatiou. „Blue Hydrogen Economy - A New Look at an Old Idea“. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206282-ms.
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Abstract Previous efforts to promote hydrogen as an energy carrier described a Utopian world in which renewable resources provided all energy for heating, electricity, transportation, and industrial needs. The elegance of this vision overlooked the cost and the footprint represented by the renewable energy resources required to generate so much electricity, and the additional cost required to employ electrolysis to generate hydrogen for energy storage not possible for electricity. Today an abundance of natural gas offers an option for hydrogen generation from methane that can include capturing and storing CO2 produced from the generation process. This results in blue hydrogen, effectively as ecologically attractive as the green hydrogen from electrolysis, and considerably less expensive. This paper evaluates a New Hydrogen Economy employing blue hydrogen as a bridge to net zero greenhouse gas emissions. Of particular interest is the observation that depleted natural gas reservoirs offer pore space sufficient to store about 1.5 times the CO2 coming from hydrogen generation from the produced natural gas. The implication of this observation is that blue hydrogen generation need not rely on saline aquifer storage or on CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery. We find that blue hydrogen cost is comparable to the cost of current crude oil-based transportation fuels. Further, electricity generated using blue hydrogen is less expensive than decarbonized electricity generated from natural gas with post combustion CO2 capture and storage. The infrastructure required for this energy transition can leverage existing natural gas transport and storage and existing petroleum industry skills. Energy companies committed to net zero emissions need not rely only on renewable energy sources or nuclear power. Further, switching to blue hydrogen reduces or eliminates combustion related pollution including nitrogen and sulfur oxides. Finally, the Blue Hydrogen Economy makes efficient and cost effective use of petroleum engineering core skills, as well as the core skills championed by the petroleum industry.
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Lan, Lan, Kristin L. Wood und Chau Yuen. „Sustainable Design of Residential Net-Zero Energy Buildings: A Multi-Phase and Multi-Objective Optimization Approach“. In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97171.
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Abstract Zero energy building (ZEB) is an important concept for sustainable building design. This paper introduces a holistic design approach for residential net-zero energy buildings (NZEB) by adopting the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) principles: social, environmental, and financial. The proposed approach optimizes social need by maximizing thermal comfort time of natural cooling, and visual comfort time of daylighting. The environmental need is addressed by optimizing energy efficiency, and the financial need is addressed by optimizing life cycle cost (LCC). Multi-objective optimizations are conducted in two phases: the first phase optimizes the utilization rate of natural cooling and daylighting, and the second phase optimizes energy efficiency and LCC. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the most influential variables in the optimization process. The approach is applied to the design of a landed house in a tropical country, Singapore. The results provide a framework and modeled cases for parametric design and trade-off analysis toward sustainable and livable built environment.
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Thompson, Jordan, und Moncef Krarti. „Resiliency Evaluation of Net-Zero Residential Communities“. In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-63651.
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Abstract In this report, a resiliency analysis is carried out to assess the energy, economic, and power outage survivability benefits of efficient and Net-Zero communities. The analysis addresses the appropriate steps to designing an energy-efficient and Net-Zero community using Phoenix, Arizona as a primary location for weather and utility inputs. A baseline home is established using International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) 2018 code requirements. Three occupancy levels are evaluated in BEopt to provide diversity in the community’s building stock. The loads from the baseline, energy-efficient optimum, and Net-Zero optimum single-family homes are utilized to determine energy use profiles for various residential community types using occupancy statistics for Phoenix. Then, REopt is used to determine the photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system sizes necessary for the community to survive a 72-hour power outage. The baseline community requires a 544-kW PV system and 375-kW/1,564 kWh battery storage system to keep all electrical loads online during a 72-hour power outage. The energy-efficient community requires a 291-kW PV system and a 202-kW/820 kWh battery storage system while the Net-Zero community requires a 291-kW PV system and a 191-kW/880 kWh battery storage system. In this study, the economic analysis indicates that it is 43% more cost-effective to install a shared PV plus storage system than to install individual PV plus storage systems in an energy-efficient community. After analyzing the system sizes and costs required to survive various outage durations, it is found that only a 4% difference in net present cost exists between a system sized for a 24-hour outage and a 144-hour outage. In the event of a pandemic or an event that causes a community-wide lockdown, the energy-efficient community would only survive 6 hours out of a 72-hour power outage during a time where plug loads are increased by 50% due to added laptops, monitors, and other office electronics. Finally, a climate sensitivity analysis is conducted for efficient communities in Naperville, Illinois and Augusta, Maine. The analysis suggests that for a 72-hour power outage starting on the peak demand day and time of the year, the cost of resiliency is higher in climates with more heating and cooling needs as HVAC is consistently the largest load in a residential building.
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Feng, Chang-Xue, und Andrew Kusiak. „Design of Tolerances for Quality“. In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0003.
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Abstract Design of a product (process) includes system design, parameter design, and tolerance design. Robust design is closely applicable to parameter design and tolerance design. The current literature on robust design is focused on parameter design while little attention has been paid to tolerance design. The current literature on tolerance design has focused on the use of optimization to minimize cost while little attention has been paid to minimizing manufacturing variations. This paper attempts to apply a robust design method, the design of experiments (DOE) approach, in tolerance synthesis to minimize manufacturing variations in the probabilistic case. Both, the manufacturing cost and the number of manufacturing defects are minimized in robust tolerance design. A solution procedure is proposed to apply the DOE approach to probabilistic tolerance design. The procedure is illustrated with an example. Special applications of the DOE approach to tolerance design are discussed. A brief comparison of the DOE approach with optimization, Taguchi methods, and zero defect design is presented.
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Pettit, Gregory W., Harry H. Robertshaw, Frank H. Gern und Daniel J. Inman. „A Model to Evaluate the Aerodynamic Energy Requirements of Active Materials in Morphing Wings“. In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21754.
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Abstract A computational model is presented which predicts the force, stroke, and energy needed to overcome aerodynamic loads encountered by morphing wings during aircraft maneuvers. This low-cost model generates wing section shapes needed to follow a desired flight path, computes the resulting aerodynamic forces using a unique combination of conformal mapping and the vortex panel method, computes the longitudinal motion of the simulated aircraft, and closes the loop with a zero-error control law. The aerodynamic force prediction method has been verified against two more expensive codes. This overall model will be used to predict the performance of morphing wings and the requirements for the active material actuators in the wings.
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Mustafa, G., und A. Ertas. „Nonlinear Interaction of a Parametrically-Excited Coupled Column-Pendulum Oscillator“. In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0134.
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Abstract A new vibration absorbing device is introduced for large flexible structures. The bifurcation diagrams obtained for the averaged system, indicate that the system loses stability via two distinct routes. One leading to a saddle-node bifurcation, normally associated with the jump phenomena. The second instability is due to the Hopf bifurcation, that results in amplitude modulated motion of the oscillator. A parameter range has been identified where these bifurcations coalesce. This phenomenon is a strong indicator of existence of homoclinic orbits. In addition to the regular solution branches, that bifurcate from the zero solution, the system also possesses isolated solutions (the so-called “isolas”) that form isolated loops bounded away from zero. As the forcing amplitude is varied, the isolas appear, disappear or coalesce with the regular solution branches. The response curves indicate that the column amplitude shows saturation. The pendulum acts as a vibration absorber over a range of frequency where the column response is saturated. However, there is also a frequency range over which a reverse flow of energy occurs, where the pendulum shows reduced amplitude at the cost of large amplitudes of the column.
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Qu, G. „Tree Search Based Algorithms for Tolerance and Process Selections“. In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0231.
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Abstract This paper describes a tree search based method to select tolerance values and processes for mechanical assemblies. Design constraint is a set of interrelated tolerance loops. The problem is to decide what tolerance, or equivalently, which manufacturing process, is to be allocated to each feature so as to minimize the cost of assembly within assembly tolerance constraints. With the properties of tolerance stackups, the global constraints are decomposed into a set of local constraints. Progressive application of the set of local constraints with sorting will dramatically prune the search tree and control its growth in both depth and width. Comparing to the zero-one for tolerance selection, these special purpose algorithms greatly reduce the search space and more efficient.
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Johnson, Buck, Timothy Cappel, Greg Elliott, Leianne Sanclemente, Greg Moore, Noah Tritz, James Brock und Chuck Sewell. „No Pipe Body Downgrades - Improved Corrosion Mitigation Coating System Provides Significant Operator Savings“. In SPE 2020 Symposium Compilation. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/202498-ms.
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Abstract Objectives/Scope Tubulars used in completion and intervention riser applications are exposed to both the marine environment and corrosive oilfield chemicals, including salt-based completion brines. Eight years of field history from one company shows a loss of $24.3 million from pipe body downgrades due to corrosion and pitting in these salt-based environments. Methods, Procedures, Process This paper documents an extensive development effort spanning over eight years including: research of completion parameters and environments, evaluation of 18 potential external coating/salt neutralization products, multiple lab tests, field trials, as well as testing surface preparation methods, coating application, dry time and adhesion tests. The development of application procedures and construction of an external coating facility are discussed as are rig pipe washing systems and corrosion mitigation procedures. Results, Observations, Conclusions The result is an improved corrosion mitigation coating system. A modified epoxy phenolic internal coating combined with a metallic-based, moisture-cure polyurethane encapsulating external coating. Since 2015, over 1,700,000 feet, 44,000 joints, of completion and intervention tubulars utilizing this system have been deployed with zero pipe body downgrades due to corrosion or pitting, and zero operational issues. In addition to reducing replacement cost and loss of capital, this system provides the ability for longer deployment of the pipe on a multiple well program reducing logistics costs. Novel/Additive Information Extensive research, testing, field trials, and successful field deployments have resulted in an improved corrosion mitigation coating system providing significant savings to operators. Pipe body downgrades due to pitting and corrosion have been eliminated. Improved corrosion resistance has allowed multiple-well deployments reducing shipping, inspection, and repair costs. Ultimately this results in longer life of the tubulars reducing total cost of ownership.