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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Z15“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 17. Februar 2022

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1

Abuduaini, Xieerwanimu, Ailina Aili, Rongrong Lin, Ganggang Song, Yu Huang, Zhongyi Chen, Heping Zhao, Qin Luo und Huixin Zhao. „The Lethal Effect of Bacillus subtilis Z15 Secondary Metabolites on Verticillium dahliae“. Natural Product Communications 16, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 1934578X2098672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20986728.

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Bacillus subtilis Z15 (BS-Z15), isolated from cotton rhizosphere soil, inhibits Verticillium dahliae and suppresses cotton Verticillium wilt in pot experiments. We investigated the influence of environmental factors, pH, temperature, ultraviolet light, protease, and incubation time on the stability of BS-Z15 secondary metabolites (SMs), and the mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of BS-Z15 SMs on V. dahliae. BS-Z15 and its fermentation broth inhibited V. dahliae, and this effect was mediated by its SMs. These were shown to be stable to the influence of the above environmental factors. BS-Z15 SMs decreased the viability of V. dahliae conidia in a time-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy showed that BS-Z15 and its SMs resulted in flattened and depressed conidia. BS-Z15 SMs induced morphological abnormalities in the hyphae, which showed rough aberrant structures, reduced conidiophore production, and accelerated aging. Flow cytometry using Hoechst/propidium iodide double staining revealed that BS-Z15 SMs induced necrosis in V. dahliae in a time-dependent manner. Fluorescence microscopy showed that BS-Z15 SMs did not induce apoptotic bodies in the conidia of V. dahliae but caused significant changes in karyotypes, accompanied by nuclear lysis and nucleic-acid diffusion, which may play important roles in necrosis. In addition, 0.3 mg/mL BS-Z15 SMs had no effect on either the mitochondrial membrane potential or the synthesis of proapoptotic proteins, indicating that the SMs did not induce apoptosis in V. dahliae. Their lethal effect on V. dahliae was by inducing necrosis in its conidia and hyphae. BS-Z15 SMs thus have potential as biological pesticides to control Verticillium wilt in cotton.

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nam, Poo, und Shilpa Aggrwal. „Idempotents of M2 (Z15[x])“. International Journal of Mathematics Trends and Technology 65, Nr. 3 (25.03.2019): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315373/ijmtt-v65i3p521.

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3

Webel, T., O. Morlok und D. Kiss. „z15 selfboot and secure boot“. IBM Journal of Research and Development 64, Nr. 5/6 (September 2020): 5:1–5:9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2020.3008097.

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Surman, D. H., S. Lederer, D. B. Petersen, M. Gubitz und P. J. Relson. „System Recovery Boost on IBM z15“. IBM Journal of Research and Development 64, Nr. 5/6 (September 2020): 6:1–6:10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2020.3008102.

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5

Saporito, A., M. Recktenwald, C. Jacobi, G. Koch, D. P. D. Berger, R. J. Sonnelitter, C. R. Walters et al. „Design of the IBM z15 microprocessor“. IBM Journal of Research and Development 64, Nr. 5/6 (September 2020): 7:1–7:18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2020.3008119.

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6

Webel, T., P. M. Lobo, T. Strach, P. B. Parashurama, S. Purushotham, R. Bertran und A. Buyuktosunoglu. „Proactive power management in IBM z15“. IBM Journal of Research and Development 64, Nr. 5/6 (September 2020): 15:1–15:12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2020.3008143.

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7

Zhang-Cohen, Miao. „Preface: IBM z15 Design and Technology“. IBM Journal of Research and Development 64, Nr. 5/6 (September 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2020.3009463.

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8

Sofia, A. T., M. Klein, B. D. Stilwell, S. Weishaupt, Q. Y. Chen und R. W. St John. „Integration of z15 processor-based DEFLATE acceleration into IBM z/OS“. IBM Journal of Research and Development 64, Nr. 5/6 (September 2020): 10:1–10:8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2020.3008101.

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KAUFFMANN, F., N. SAERVOLD, F. KRISTIANSEN und S. D. HENRIKSEN. „A NEW SALMONELLA TYPE: SALMONELLA BERGEN (47: i: e,n,z15)“. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 37, Nr. 6 (18.08.2009): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1955.tb00974.x.

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RYANG, SHIJONG. „PICARD-FUCHS EQUATIONS FOR THE K3 LANDAU-GINZBURG MODELS WITH c=6“. Modern Physics Letters A 10, Nr. 21 (10.07.1995): 1521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395001642.

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In the Landau-Ginzburg models we present the c=6 K3 superpotentials for the S14, U14, W15, Z15, K16 and Q14 types with one modality specified by Arnold and the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] ones with modified perturbation operators and so on. The Picard-Fuchs equation for each potential, of the Fermat type or not, is constructed and solved. We demonstrate the invariance of the Picard-Fuchs equation under the fractional field transformation.

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11

Klein, M., A. Misra, B. Abali, P. Sethia, S. Weishaupt, B. Giamei, M. Farrell und T. J. Slegel. „Design and verification of DEFLATE acceleration as an architected instruction in z15“. IBM Journal of Research and Development 64, Nr. 5/6 (September 2020): 9:1–9:10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2020.3008106.

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12

Edwards, P. R., F. Kauffmann und Carolyn R. Huey. „An Unusual Salmonella Type (Salmonella Montgomery) 11:d, a:d, e, n, z15“. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 41, Nr. 6 (18.08.2009): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1957.tb01718.x.

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13

Wolpert, David, Christopher Berry, Brian Bell, Adam Jatkowski, Jesse Surprise, John Isakson, Ofer Geva et al. „Cores, Cache, Content, and Characterization: IBM’s Second Generation 14-nm Product, z15“. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 56, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2020.3030062.

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Berry, C. J., D. Wolpert, B. Bell, A. Jatkowski, J. Surprise, G. Strevig, J. Isakson et al. „IBM z15: Physical design improvements to significantly increase content in the same technology“. IBM Journal of Research and Development 64, Nr. 5/6 (September 2020): 8:1–8:12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2020.3008099.

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PAPASTYLIANOU, Panayiota, und Angeliki KOUSTA. „Effect of Superabsorbent Polymer on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Cotton under Water Stress Conditions“. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 77, Nr. 1 (03.06.2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2020.0011.

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Water availability is one of the major limiting factors of cotton productivity. The soil application of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) may increase water use efficiency, improve soil physical properties, enhance seed germination and emergence, crop growth and yield and reduce the irrigation requirements of plants. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Zeba®, a polymer based on corn starch, on seedling emergence and growth of cotton under water stress. A set of pot experiments was conducted under completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds. Treatments included application rates of 5, 10, 15, 20 kg/ha and an untreated control, all under three levels of irrigation (adequate, moderate and deficit). The emergence performance was evaluated by final emergence percentage and mean emergence time. Root and shoot growth were measured for length and weight. The application of Zeba® promoted seedling emergence (higher emergence percentage from 17.9 to 22.6% and lower mean emergence time from 36 to 46% compared to control). Higher values for root and shoot traits were observed under Z10 and Z15 rates regardless of irrigation treatments. The adoption of the proposed SAP could represent a promising solution and thus increase moisture conservation in cotton.

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Kostenko, W. P., J. G. Torok und D. W. Demetriou. „IBM z15: Improved data center density and energy efficiency, new system packaging, and modeling“. IBM Journal of Research and Development 64, Nr. 5/6 (September 2020): 16:1–16:10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2020.3008100.

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Borntrager, C., J. D. Bradbury, R. Bundgen, F. Busaba, L. C. Heller und V. Mihajlovski. „Secure your cloud workloads with IBM Secure Execution for Linux on IBM z15 and LinuxONE III“. IBM Journal of Research and Development 64, Nr. 5/6 (September 2020): 2:1–2:11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/jrd.2020.3008109.

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Huang, Zhipeng, Jinyan Wang, Yaling Zhang, Yongxiang Yao, Lifei Huang, Xueyan Yang, Ling Wang und Qinghua Pan. „Dynamics of Race Structures of Pyricularia oryzae Populations Across 18 Seasons in Guangdong Province, China“. Plant Disease 105, Nr. 1 (Januar 2021): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-20-1438-re.

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Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is one of the most damaging fungal diseases affecting rice. Understanding how the pathogen’s race structure varies over time supports the efforts of rice breeders to develop improved cultivars. Here, the race structure of P. oryzae in Guangdong province, China, where rice is cropped twice per year, was assessed over 18 seasons from 1999 through 2008. The analysis was based on the reactions of a panel of seven differential Chinese cultivars to inoculation with a set of 1,248 isolates of P. oryzae in the province. The “total race frequency” parameter ranged from 14.7 to 39.7%, and the “race diversity index” ranged from 0.63 to 0.93. Twelve (ZA63, ZA31, ZA29, ZA21, ZA13, ZA9, ZB30, ZB17, ZB8, ZB2, ZC14, and ZC8) and two (ZD8 and ZD3) races were recognized as specific to indica and japonica rice types, respectively. Of the 59 distinct races identified, only two indica type races (ZC13 and ZC15) were identified as population-common, and nine indica type races (ZB1, ZB5, ZB6, ZB7, ZB13, ZB15, ZC5, ZC13, and ZC15) and one japonica type race (ZG1) were deemed to be population-dominant; the “total top two race isolate frequency” parameter ranged from 29.8 to 74.5%. On the host side, dynamics of resistance structures of the differential set were divided into three patterns: Both Tetep and Kanto 51 expressed the highest and most stable resistance, both Sifeng 43 and Lijiangxintuanheigu conveyed much lower and unstable resistance, and Zhenlong 13, Dongnong 363, and Heijiang 18 performed intermediate and seasonally dynamic resistance. Three interesting points distinguishing race structures of P. oryzae populations in southern and northeastern China were also discussed. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

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Martins, D., L. R. Cardoso, E. S. Mori und R. H. Tanaka. „Caracterização genética de acessos de egéria (Egeria spp.) coletados no estado de São Paulo utilizando RAPD“. Planta Daninha 21, spe (2003): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582003000400001.

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Este trabalho constituiu-se na análise da variabilidade genética de acessos de egéria (Egeria spp.) coletados em sete reservatórios de geração de energia do Estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizada a técnica de RAPD (DNA polimórfico amplificado ao acaso), na qual seis primers (X03, Y09, Y11, Z11, Z12 e W06) permitiram a análise de 23 locos polimórficos na espécie Egeria densa. Os materiais dos reservatórios de Nova Avanhandava e Promissão foram os mais semelhantes geneticamente, visto que se localizam em seqüência no rio Tietê. Os reservatórios de Salto Grande e Promissão apresentaram plantas com o maior índice de distância genética (0,1792). Para a espécie Egeria najas foram analisados 52 locos polimórficos, resultantes da amplificação de nove primers (X01, X02, X03, X05, X09, X10, X11, Z11 e Z13). A maior distância genética verificada foi de 0,2791, entre os reservatórios de Ibitinga e Jupiá, como conseqüência da distância geográfica entre esses reservatórios.

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Rohr, Nadja, Katja Fricke, Claudia Bergemann, J. Barbara Nebe und Jens Fischer. „Efficacy of Plasma-Polymerized Allylamine Coating of Zirconia after Five Years“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, Nr. 9 (27.08.2020): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092776.

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Plasma-polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) coatings of titanium enhance the cell behavior of osteoblasts. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a PPAAm nanolayer on zirconia after a storage period of 5 years. Zirconia specimens were directly coated with PPAAm (ZA0) or stored in aseptic packages at room temperature for 5 years (ZA5). Uncoated zirconia specimens (Zmt) and the micro-structured endosseous surface of a zirconia implant (Z14) served as controls. The elemental compositions of the PPAAm coatings were characterized and the viability, spreading and gene expression of human osteoblastic cells (MG-63) were assessed. The presence of amino groups in the PPAAm layer was significantly decreased after 5 years due to oxidation processes. Cell viability after 24 h was significantly higher on uncoated specimens (Zmt) than on all other surfaces. Cell spreading after 20 min was significantly higher for Zmt = ZA0 > ZA5 > Z14, while, after 24 h, spreading also varied significantly between Zmt > ZA0 > ZA5 > Z14. The expression of the mRNA differentiation markers collagen I and osteocalcin was upregulated on untreated surfaces Z14 and Zmt when compared to the PPAAm specimens. Due to the high biocompatibility of zirconia itself, a PPAAm coating may not additionally improve cell behavior.

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Rasool, Rubia, Makhan S. Bhullar und Gurjeet S. Gill. „Growth stage of Phalaris minor Retz. and wheat determines weed control and crop tolerance of four post-emergence herbicides“. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, Nr. 1 (20.04.2017): e1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017151-9728.

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Phalaris minor Retz. has evolved multiple herbicide resistance in wheat growing areas in northwestern India. An understanding of the effect of growth stage on herbicide tolerance of wheat and control of P. minor will help in selecting the most appropriate herbicide for different situations. The weed control and crop safety of four commonly used wheat herbicides (sulfosulfuron, pinoxaden, fenoxaprop plus metribuzin and mesosulfuron plus iodosulfuron), each applied at four different wheat growth stages was investigated in field studies for two years. P. minor plants were at 1, 2-3, 3-4 and 7-8 leaf stages when the herbicides were applied at Zadok 12-Z12, Z13, Z21 and Z23 stages of wheat, respectively. Sulfosulfuron application at Z12 and Z13 wheat stages (before first irrigation), provided >80% control of P. minor and produced wheat grain yield (4.5-4.7 t/ha) similar to the weed-free check (4.9 t/ha) in both years. Pinoxaden, fenoxaprop plus metribuzin and mesosulfuron plus iodosulfuron application at Z12 and Z13 wheat stages recorded significantly lower wheat grain yield (3.62-3.95 t/ha) due to poor weed control, crop toxicity or both. All the four herbicides were equally effective on P. minor when applied at Z21 wheat stage. At Z23 wheat stage, pinoxaden gave >90% control of P. minor and the highest wheat grain yield (4.82 t/ha). The results are expected to allow changes in the current recommendation of the timing of post-emergence herbicides for the management of P. minor in wheat.

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Chen, Qing-Hua, Feng Zhu, Zhihua Tian, Wan-Min Zhang, Rong Guo, Wancai Liu, Lieming Pan und Yongjun Du. „Minor Components Play an Important Role in Interspecific Recognition of Insects: A Basis to Pheromone Based Electronic Monitoring Tools for Rice Pests“. Insects 9, Nr. 4 (12.12.2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040192.

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Several lepidopteran species share the same pheromone blend consisting of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) and (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9-16:Ald) at different ratios and active doses. In rice pest Chilo suppressalis, (Z)-11-hexadecenol, (Z11-16:OH) and octadecanal (18:Ald) were identified as minor components in the pheromone gland of female moths, and these components were previously not considered as part of the sex pheromone of C. suppressalis. Z11-16:Ald, Z9-16:Ald and (Z)-13-octadecenal (Z13-18:Ald) frequently trapped other lepidopteran species, such as rice pests Scirpophaga incertulas and Mythimna separate, corn and vegetable pests Helicoverpa armigera in the field, suggesting a lack of specificity in the pheromone blend. Our data showed that the minor component Z11-16:OH did not have a synergistic effect on the attractiveness of the blend to C. suppressalis; however, pheromone mixtures containing Z11-16:OH failed in trapping male H. armigera moths. We confirmed the identity and specificity of the C. suppressalis sex pheromone and demonstrated that Z11-16:OH plays a key role in the reproductive isolation of C. suppressalis, M. separata, and H. armigera moths, and a similar role of Z9-18:Ald in that of S. incertulas and C. suppressalis. This phenomenon could be more widely applicable to interspecific interactions in the pheromone communication between insects, which is crucial to developing the electronic automatic counting device for automatically monitoring the pest population by pheromone trapping based on its species specificity.

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Toth, Akos. „A közösségiesedés folyamata az uniós tagállamok kulturális szférájában“. Competitio 7, Nr. 1 (16.06.2008): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21845/comp/2008/1/8.

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Az uniós intézményi rendszer a tagállamok koerszív erejét csökkentve egyre több területen segíti a kulturális szféra liberalizációját. A szerző tanulmányában az Európai Unió tagállamainak kulturális szféráitelemezve arra keresi a választ, hogy az intézményi rendszer hatására az egymástól eltérő finanszírozási modelleket alkalmazó tagállamok kulturális szférái között tapasztalható-e a közösségiesedés irányábamutató folyamat, annak ellenére, hogy az Európai Uniónak nincs egységes európai kultúrára vonatkozó közösségi vívmánya. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: Z10, Z11

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Grant, G. G., B. Pendrel, K. N. Slessor, X. Z. Meng und W. E. Miller. „IDENTIFICATION OF SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENTS FOR TWO LEPIDOPTERAN DEFOLIATORS, THE OAK OLETHREUTID LEAFROLLER, PSEUDEXENTERA SPOLIANA (CLEMENS), AND THE ASPEN LEAFROLLER, PSEUDEXENTERA OREGONANA (WALSINGHAM)“. Canadian Entomologist 123, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1991): 1209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1231209-6.

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AbstractMoths of the genus Pseudexentera are early-season fliers that include three species of economic importance: P. spoliana (Clemens) on oak (Quercus), P. oregonana (Walsingham) on aspen (Populus), and P. mali Freeman on apple (Malus). GC and GC/MS analysis, EAG and behavioral bioassays, and field tests confirmed that Z10-16:Ac is an attractive sex pheromone component of female P. spoliana. Capillary GC analysis supported by GC/MS also indicated the presence of 16:Ac, Z10-16:OH, and 16:OH in pheromone extracts and there was tentative GC evidence for Z12-16:Ac. However, addition of these compounds to Z10-16:Ac in various blends did not enhance male attraction. The major sex pheromone component of female P. oregonana is Z8-14:Ac. There was also GC and GC/MS evidence for Z8-14:OH and tentative GC evidence for 14:Ac in the pheromone of this species. Their addition to Z8-14:Ac failed to increase moth catches in baited traps. Pseudexentera mali males were attracted by Z,Z-8,10-16:Ac, a previously reported sex pheromone of this species. Pheromone lures targeted for each species were not cross-attractive.

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Tóth, Ákos. „Franciaország és Magyarország kultúrafinanszírozásának összehasonlító elemzése“. Competitio 11, Nr. 1 (18.06.2012): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21845/comp/2012/1/4.

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Franciaország és Magyarország egyaránt az úgynevezett koordinált kultúrafinanszírozási modellt alkalmazza, mely előnyben részesíti az állam aktív szerepvállalását. A két ország kulturális szektorának GDP-hez való hozzájárulása a hasonló szemlélet alkalmazása ellenére jelentős eltérést mutat. A tanulmányazt vizsgálja, mi lehet az oka az eltérő növekedésnek, milyen szerepe van a történelmi gyökerekre épülő intézményrendszernek, annak kikényszerítő erejének a vizsgált országok kulturális szektorának bővülésére. Elemzi, hogy az intézmények, azon belül a formális és az informális intézmények összhangja elősegíti-e akulturális szektor hozzájárulását a GDP-hez. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: Z10, Z11

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Ejaz, Gul, und Maryum Bibi. „Hello Folk: We Are Responsible for What We Will Face in 2025; Evidence from Philosophical Underpinnings of Social Capital“. Pakistan Development Review 55, Nr. 4I-II (01.12.2016): 805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v55i4i-iipp.805-822.

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Social capital is a very important facet of society and has strong relevance to economic landscape of a country. There are different theories about the nature, accumulation, growth and validity of social capital as an instrument of economy. This paper explains the philosophical context of social capital and validate through a model using Berg, Dickhaut and McCabe trust game that we all transfer a set of values to our next generation, which ultimately manifest as social capital in the real world. The transferred values affects each agent‟ decision whether to trust other members of the society and participate in a socio-economic exchange or not. If he trusts, he reaps substantial gains from exchange, and ultimately social capital will be concreted. But if he does not, he will face a major loss and overall social capital will be dented. A distrustful ancestor will further induce agents to withdraw from the market and not to invest. This will lead a society to an overall mistrust paradigm and eventual downfall. On the other hand, the level of cooperation in the members of society increases as the good experience is transferred across generations. Economic impacts of social capital have been elucidated using Leonhard Euler function and Newton Leibniz integration processes. The ethical framework for society and role of literature in transfer of beliefs, values and culture from one generation to other has also been discussed at length. The paper is a unique study of how we all will be responsible for the kind of social capital will have in 2025. JEL Classification: D71, D72, Z11, Z12, Z13 Keywords: Social, Capital, Model, Transfer, Generations, Values, Trust, Beliefs, Cooperation, Ethics, Literature

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Tukur, Abdulrazaq, Isaac Asusheyi Bello, Neil Anthony Koorbanally und James Dama Habila. „Syntheses and Antibiotic Evaluation of 2-{[(2R,4R)-4-Carboxy-2-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl]carbonyl}benzene-1,5-dicarboxylic Acids and 2-Carbamoylbenzene-1,5-dicarboxylic Acid Analogues“. International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2016 (14.02.2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9346585.

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Our search for new antibiotics led to the syntheses and biological evaluation of new classes of dicarboxylic acid analogues. The syntheses involve nucleophilic addition of different substituted benzylamine, aniline, alkylamine, and 4-hydroxyl-L-proline with carbamoylbenzoic acid. The results of the antimicrobial activity as indicated by the zone of inhibition (ZOI) showed that Z10 is the most active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32 mm) and least active against Candida stellatoidea (27 mm) and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) (27 mm), while Z7 shows the least zone of inhibition (22 mm) against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) determination reveals that Z10 inhibits the growth of tested microbes at a low concentration of 6.25 μg/mL, while Z9 and Z12 inhibits the growth of most microbes at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, recording the least MIC. The Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) results revealed that Z10 has the highest bactericidal/fungicidal effect on the test microbes, at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL, with the exception of Candida stellatoidea and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) with MBC/MFC of 25 μg/mL. The result of this investigation reveals the potential of the target compounds (Z1–3,5,7–12) in the search for new antimicrobial agents.

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Giuliano, Paola. „Review of Cultural Evolution: Society, Technology, Language, and Religion Edited by Peter J. Richerson and Morten H. Christiansen“. Journal of Economic Literature 54, Nr. 2 (01.06.2016): 522–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.54.2.522.

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Peter J. Richerson and Morten H. Christiansen have assembled a compelling picture of the evolution of societies, technology, language, and religion—with culture at the epicenter. The book is a must-have for economists and any other social scientists interested in the evolution of behavior. Using the book as a starting point, this article sums up what cultural evolution can teach us about these four major aspects of human behavior. Each topic is also linked to the relevant empirical research in economics. Directions for future research integrating cultural evolution into an economic framework are also explored. (JEL D72, O33, O43, Z12, Z13)

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Liang, Ming-Yih. „Confucianism and the East Asian Miracle“. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2, Nr. 3 (01.07.2010): 206–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.2.3.206.

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We examine two behavioral traits essential to Confucianism, and put forward hypotheses as to whether these behavioral traits impede or are conducive to “leading” or “follower” mode growth. A dynamic leader-follower general equilibrium model with appropriately specified “Confucian” parameters is shown to generate results that correspond to some of the main features of East Asian economies: their miracle growths, subsequent slowdowns, trade surpluses, and persistent accumulations of foreign exchange reserves. We calibrate the model to assess the quantitative importance of these cultural effects and examine their implications for future evolution of these economies. (JEL E23, O17, O41, O47, P24, Z12, Z13)

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Michaeli, Moti, und Daniel Spiro. „From Peer Pressure to Biased Norms“. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 9, Nr. 1 (01.02.2017): 152–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20150151.

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This paper studies a coordination game between a continuum of players with heterogeneous tastes who perceive peer pressure when behaving differently from each other. It characterizes the conditions under which a social norm—a mode of behavior followed by many—exists in equilibrium and the patterns of norm compliance. The emergent norm may be biased compared to the average taste in society, yet endogenously upheld by the population. Strikingly, a biased norm will, under some circumstances, be more sustainable than a non-biased norm, which may explain the bias of various social and religious norms. (JEL D11, Z12, Z13)

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Benzell, Seth G., und Kevin Cooke. „A Network of Thrones: Kinship and Conflict in Europe, 1495–1918“. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, Nr. 3 (01.07.2021): 102–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20180521.

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We construct a database linking European royal kinship networks, monarchies, and wars to study the effect of family ties on conflict. To establish causality, we exploit decreases in connection caused by apolitical deaths of rulers’ mutual relatives. These deaths are associated with substantial increases in the frequency and duration of war. We provide evidence that these deaths affect conflict only through changing the kinship network. Over our period of interest, the percentage of European monarchs with kinship ties increased threefold. Together, these findings help explain the well-documented decrease in European war frequency. (JEL D74, N33, N34, N43, N44, Z12, Z13)

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Ullah, Asad, und Mussawar Shah. „Does Pakistani Society Accept Corruption as a Changed Value with Reference to Cultural Perspective?“ Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 2, Nr. 1 (30.06.2013): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v2i1.191.

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The major objective of this research study was to assess the impact of corruption upon the prevalent social values in Peshawar city, Pakistan. A sample size of 150 respondents was selected through stratified random sampling to ascertain respondents’ attitudes towards phenomena at hand with Likert scale as measurement tool. At first stage uni-variate analysis and then bi-variate analysis were carried out to determine outcomes. The dependent variable (corruption perception) was cross-tabulated with the independent variable (social values and its societal aspects). A chi-square test was used to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. In addition, Gamma (g) statistics were applied to determine the strength and direction of the relationship. The study found a significant and positive association between corruption perception with social values safeguarding the interest of rich (P=0.022), morality as existing behavioral standard in society (P=0.000), experience of corruption (P=0.000), significance of social pressure (P=0.000), use of social pressure (P=0.000), degradation of social values in society due to corruption (P=0.000), biased evaluative standards for various social classes (P=0.000). In addition, people who refused to accept and pay bribes, had followers in the society (P=0.037), increasing the magnitude of corruption with an increase in official rank (P=0.007), and finally, that an ethical environment based on social norms and values reduces corruption (P=0.000). The study concluded that, in the site of study, the social order is under deterioration due to corruption assuming the status of an emerging social value due to its practice amongst members of society in various fields of life. However, people still considered the prevalent social order strong enough to combat this changing dynamic by creating an ethical environment based on social alienation for those who acted corruptly. GEL Classification Code: Z10; Z11; Z13

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Sun, X., Z. F. Zhao, F. F. Zeng, A. Zhang, Z. X. Lu und M. Q. Wang. „Functional characterization of a pheromone-binding protein from rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in detecting pheromones and host plant volatiles“. Bulletin of Entomological Research 106, Nr. 6 (07.07.2016): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485316000560.

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AbstractPheromone-binding proteins (PBPs) are believed to be involved in the recognition of semiochemicals. In the present study, western blot analysis, fluorescence-binding characteristics and immunolocalization of CmedPBP4 from the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, were investigated. Western blot analysis revealed that CmedPBP4 showed obvious antenna-specific expression patterns in female and male antenna, and made a clearly different sex-biased expression. Immunocytochemical labeling revealed that CmedPBP4 showed specific expression in the trichoid sensilla. Competitive fluorescence binding assays indicated that CmedPBP4 could selectively recognize three sex pheromone components (Z13-18:Ac, Z11-16:Al and Z13-18:OH) and eleven rice plant volatiles, including cyclohexanol, nerolidol, cedrol, dodecanal, ionone, (−)-α-cedrene, (Z)-farnesene, β-myrcene, R-(+)-limonene, (−)-limonene, and (+)-3-carene. Meanwhile the CmedPBP4 detection of sex pheromones and host odorants was pH-dependent. Our results, for the first time, provide further evidence that trichoid sensilla might be play an important role in detecting sex pheromones and host plant volatiles in the C. medinalis moth. Our systematic studies provided further detailed evidence for the function of trichoid sensilla in insect semiochemical perception.

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Tóth, Ákos. „intézményi rendszer szerepe a globalizáció hatására átalakuló kultúrafinanszírozásban“. Competitio 6, Nr. 2 (11.01.2021): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21845/comp/2007/2/7.

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A tanulmány a kulturális szféra területén az intézményi renszer és a közvetlen állami szerepvállalás közötti kapcsolat - globalizáció hatására bekövetkező - változásait vizsgálja. Az Egyesült Államok és Oroszország kulturális szférájának finanszírozása különböző szintről, teljesen eltérő úton indult el, és a kultúrafinanszírozási modellek tekintetében két ellentéted technikát valósított meg. A tanulmányban a szerző által megfogalmazott hipotézis feltételezi, hogy a fejletlen intézményi rendszerrel rendelkező országokban nagyobb valószínűséggel alakul ki/vagy marad továbbra is irányadó a kulturális szféra közvetlen állami finanszírozása. A szerző a vizsgálat eredményeit egy harmadik ország, Hollandia tekintetében is ellenőrzi, ahol a két ellentétes modell bizonyos jellemzői együttesen vannak jelen. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: P14, P39, Z10, Z11

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Fisman, Raymond, und Shang-Jin Wei. „The Smuggling of Art, and the Art of Smuggling: Uncovering the Illicit Trade in Cultural Property and Antiques“. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1, Nr. 3 (01.06.2009): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.82.

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We empirically analyze the illicit trade in cultural property and antiques, taking advantage of different reporting incentives between source and destination countries. We generate a measure of illicit trafficking in these goods by comparing imports recorded in United States' customs data and the (purportedly identical) trade recorded by customs authorities in exporting countries. This reporting gap is highly correlated with corruption levels of exporting countries. This correlation is stronger for artifact-rich countries. As a placebo test, we do not observe any such pattern for US imports of toys. We report similar results for four other Western country markets. (JEL F14, K42, Z11, Z13)

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Levy, Gilat, und Ronny Razin. „Religious Beliefs, Religious Participation, and Cooperation“. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 4, Nr. 3 (01.08.2012): 121–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.4.3.121.

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We analyze the relation between religious beliefs, religious participation, and social cooperation. We focus on religions that instill beliefs about the connection between rewards and punishments and social behaviour. We show how religious organizations arise endogenously, and identify a “spiritual” as well as a “material” payoff for being religious. We show that religious groups that are more demanding in their rituals are smaller, more cohesive, and are composed of individuals with more “extreme” beliefs. We use our framework to analyze the response of beliefs and religious membership to correlated shocks in society, such as natural disasters or periods of prosperity. (JEL D12, D83, Z12, Z13)

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Alesina, Alberto, und Ekaterina Zhuravskaya. „Segregation and the Quality of Government in a Cross Section of Countries“. American Economic Review 101, Nr. 5 (01.08.2011): 1872–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.5.1872.

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We provide a new compilation of data on ethnic, linguistic, and religious composition at the subnational level for a large number of countries. Using these data, we measure segregation of groups within the country. To overcome the endogeneity problem that arises because of mobility and endogenous internal borders, we construct an instrument for segregation. We find that more ethnically and linguistically segregated countries, i.e., those where groups live more spatially separately, have a lower quality of government; there is no relationship between religious segregation and governance. Trust is an important channel of influence; it is lower in more segregated countries. (JEL H11, H77, J15, O17, Z12, Z13)

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Fisman, Raymond, Daniel Paravisini und Vikrant Vig. „Cultural Proximity and Loan Outcomes“. American Economic Review 107, Nr. 2 (01.02.2017): 457–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20120942.

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We present evidence that cultural proximity (shared codes, beliefs, ethnicity) between lenders and borrowers increases the quantity of credit and reduces default. We identify in-group lending using dyadic data on religion and caste for officers and borrowers from an Indian bank, and a rotation policy that induces exogenous matching between them. Having an in-group officer increases credit access and loan size dispersion, reduces collateral requirements, and induces better repayment even after the in-group officer leaves. We consider a range of explanations and suggest that the findings are most easily explained by cultural proximity serving to mitigate information frictions in lending. (JEL D82, D83, G21, G28, O16, Z12, Z13)

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Atkin, David. „The Caloric Costs of Culture: Evidence from Indian Migrants“. American Economic Review 106, Nr. 4 (01.04.2016): 1144–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140297.

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Anthropologists have documented substantial and persistent differences in food preferences across social groups. My paper asks whether such food cultures can constrain caloric intake? I first document that interstate migrants within India consume fewer calories per rupee of food expenditure compared to their neighbors. Second, I show that migrants bring their origin-state food preferences with them. Third, I link these findings by showing that the gap in caloric intake between locals and migrants depends on the suitability and intensity of the migrants' origin-state preferences. The most affected migrants would consume seven percent more calories if they possessed their neighbors' preferences. (JEL D12, I12, O15, R23, Z12, Z13)

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Colussi, Tommaso, Ingo E. Isphording und Nico Pestel. „Minority Salience and Political Extremism“. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, Nr. 3 (01.07.2021): 237–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20190703.

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We investigate how the salience of an ethnic minority affects the majority group’s voting behavior. We use the increased salience of Muslim communities during Ramadan as a natural experiment. Exploiting exogenous variation in the distance of election dates to Ramadan over the 1980–2013 period in Germany, our findings reveal an increased polarization. Vote shares for both right- and left-wing extremist parties increase in municipalities with mosques when an election takes place shortly after Ramadan. We use survey data to provide evidence on mechanisms: Ramadan increases respondents’ perceived share of the foreign-born population and emphasizes cultural dissimilarities, ultimately worsening attitudes toward Muslims. (JEL D72, D91, J15, Z12, Z13)

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Tamilina, Larysa, und Natalya Tamilina. „Explaining the Impact of Formal Institutions on Social Trust: A Psychological Approach“. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 30, Nr. 2 (31.05.2018): 164–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260107917742743.

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By drawing on psychological models of action choice, this study distinguishes between four key factors that determine trust building: (a) knowledge to trust, (b) others-regarding, (c) cognition and (d) contexts. These four factors are combined into a single analytical framework that is used for establishing channels through which the institutional context impacts social trust formation. Our theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that context is the strongest determinant of trust, with its overall effect being, however, modified by the degree to which the individual’s knowledge of trusting, cognition and others-regarding is developed. The Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) data from the year 2012 are utilized for testing our propositions. JEL: D02, D03, Z10, Z13

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Sembiring, Janwira Adi Putra, Herry Wardono und A. Yudi Eka Risano. „Pemanfaatan Campuran Zeolit dan Arang Sekam Teraktifasi Fisik Sebagai Filter Udara Untuk Meningkatkan Akselerasi Mesin Sepeda Motor Bensin 4- Langkah“. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin 8, Nr. 2 (02.06.2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/fema.v8i2.6.

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Proses pembakaran adalah proses transfer energi panas yang terjadi pada ruang bakar yangdisebabkan karena terjadinya proses kimiawi antara bahan bakar dan oksigen yang menggunakanpanas awal. Komponen utama dalam pembakaran adalah udara, panas dan bahan bakar. Oleh karenaitu, dalam penelitian ini kemampuan campuran zeolit dan arang sekam sebagai adsorben (mampuuntuk menyerap) yang dijadikan sebagai filter udara dimanfaatkan untuk menyaring udarapembakaran guna meningkatkan prestasi mesin motor bensin 4-langkah yang dipengaruhi olehpeningkatan akselerasi mesin. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan filter zeolit dan arangsekam teraktivasi fisik terhadap prestasi mesin maka, dilakukan pengujian akselerasi dengankecepatan 0-80 km/jam dan kecepatan 40-80 km/jam. Komposisi campuran zeolit-arang sekamdisimbolkan dengan Z0-S100, Z25-S75, Z50-S50, Z75-S25 dan Z100-S0 yang telah dilakukanproses aktivasi fisik dengan variasi temperatur 175 0C, 200 0C dan 225 0C selama 60 menit. Filterterbaik yang mampu meningkatkan akselerasi mesin pada kecepatan 0-80 km/jam dan 40-80km/jam adalah sama pada komposisi (Z75-S25) temperatur aktivasi fisik 225 0C. Pada kecepatan 0-80 km/jam mampu meningkatkan akselerasi sebesar 24,67% dan pada kecepatan 40-80 km/jammampu meningkatkan akselerasi sebesar 27,65%.Kata kunci : Filter zeolit-arang sekam, aktivasi fisik, prestasi motor bensin

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Romano, Andrea, Sofia Xanthoulea, Elisa Giacomini, Bert Delvoux, Eugenia Alleva und Paola Vigano. „Endometriotic cell culture contamination and authenticity: a source of bias in in vitro research?“ Human Reproduction 35, Nr. 2 (Februar 2020): 364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez266.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Are the primary cell cultures and cell lines used in endometriosis research of sufficient quality? SUMMARY ANSWER Primary cells used in endometriosis research lack purity and phenotypic characterisation, and cell lines are not genotypically authenticated. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The poor reproducibility of in vitro research and the lack of authenticity of the cell lines used represent reasons of concern in the field of reproductive biology and endometriosis research. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION In the present study, past in vitro research in the field of endometriosis was systematically reviewed to determine whether the appropriate quality controls were considered. In addition, we explored the performance of Paired Box 2 (Pax2) as an endometrium specific marker in endometrial and endometriotic primary cell cultures; we also characterised the most diffused endometriosis cell lines with respect to important markers including the short tandem repeat (STR) profile. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Literature review part: almost 300 published protocols describing the isolation and creation of primary cell cultures from endometriosis were reviewed. Wet-lab part: primary cells isolated from 13 endometriosis patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and FACS for the expression of Pax2. Cell lines Z11 and Z12, the most diffused endometriosis cell lines, were characterised with respect to the expression of Pax2, steroid hormone receptors and STR profile. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE From the literature review work, we underscored the lack of sufficient cell purity and phenotypic characterisation of primary cell cultures, which present high risk of contaminations from surrounding non-endometriotic tissues. Past work based on the use of cell lines was reviewed as well, and it emerged that cell line authentication was never performed. In an effort to address these weaknesses for future research, we present data on the performance of Pax2, a suitable marker to exclude ovarian (and other non-endometrial) cell contaminations from primary cell cultures; STR profiles of cell lines Z11 and Z12 were analysed and indicated that the cells were authentic. These profiles are now available for authentication purposes to researchers wishing to perform experiments with these cells. A quality control pipeline to assure sufficient quality of in vitro research in the field of reproductive biology and endometriosis is proposed. We encourage scientists, research institutes, journal reviewers, editors and funding bodies to raise awareness of the problem and adopt appropriate policies to solve it in the future. LARGE-SCALE DATA STR profiles of cell lines Z11 and Z12 are deposited at the Cellosaurus database—web.expasy.org. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION There may be additional markers suitable to assess cell quality. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Future in vitro research in endometriosis and the reliability of outcomes can be improved by using the recommendations presented in this study. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was partly financed by the ‘Stichting Fertility Foundation’ (The Netherlands). The authors declare no existing conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Non-applicable.

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Tinoco, Gabriel, Marium Husain, Rebecca Hoyd, Malvenderjit Jagjit Singh, YunZhou Liu, Xiaokui Mo, James Lin Chen, David A. Liebner und Daniel Spakowicz. „The sarcoma microbiome as a diagnostic and therapeutic target.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2021): 11541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.11541.

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11541 Background: Sarcoma is a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors that consist of distinct histological and molecular subtypes, each with unique features. Despite immunotherapy’s promise in many cancers, immunotherapeutic approaches for sarcoma have had variable response rates. Evaluating the tumor microbiome is a promising new approach that aims to improve our understanding of the immunogenicity of sarcoma subtypes, leading to improved treatment options and better clinical outcomes. Methods: We utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genome Tissue Expression (GTEx) database to obtain RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data to identify microbes in sarcoma samples (all subtypes available). Due to the large number of sarcoma subtypes, we focused on three groups: dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and “other,” representing all other sarcoma subtypes. We utilized ExoTIC, “Exogenous sequences in Tumors and Immune cells,” a tool recently developed by Dr. Daniel Spakowicz and Dr. Xaiokui Mo. ExoTIC takes raw RNAseq reads and carefully aligns to both human and non-human reference genomes to identify low-abundance microbes. Models of association were analyzed based on each of the three groups as well as all the samples: “All” group. We performed Cox proportional hazards regression to identify the microbes associated with overall survival (OS). Results: We evaluated 97 LMS, 56 DDLPS and 100 “other” RNAseq samples (Table). ExoTIC identified 1304 microbes, of which 431 were statistically associated with OS in the “All” group. Of these, 50 microbes were statistically associated only with DDLPS, 54 only with LMS (e.g., Candida dubliniensis, Mycobacterium avium, Streptococcus sp. Z15), and 46 with “other.” The presence of no organism was associated with improved survival. Median hazard ratios were largest in DDLPS (2.3), followed by “other” (2.1) and LMS (1.9). Only 18 microbes were found in the DDLPS, LMS and “All” groups, including Bacillus sp., Streptococcus lutetiensis, Clostridium tetani, and Pseudomonas sp. LTJR-52. Each was negatively correlated with survival with a median hazard ratio of 2.5. Conclusions: We found a specific relationship between microbial presence and histological sarcoma subtype (DDLPS, LMS), which also statistically correlated with OS. Assessing individual characteristics of a sarcoma histological subtype with its particular microenvironment (e.g., microbes) can lead to personalized treatment insights and improvements in outcomes. Our future research will consist of validating and correlation of the microbial profile of sarcoma subtypes with clinical outcomes retrospectively and prospectively. [Table: see text]

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Buček, Aleš, Petra Matoušková, Heiko Vogel, Petr Šebesta, Ullrich Jahn, Jerrit Weißflog, Aleš Svatoš und Iva Pichová. „Evolution of moth sex pheromone composition by a single amino acid substitution in a fatty acid desaturase“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, Nr. 41 (28.09.2015): 12586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514566112.

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For sexual communication, moths primarily use blends of fatty acid derivatives containing one or more double bonds in various positions and configurations, called sex pheromones (SPs). To study the molecular basis of novel SP component (SPC) acquisition, we used the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), which uses a blend of mono-, di-, and uncommon triunsaturated fatty acid (3UFA) derivatives as SP. We identified pheromone-biosynthetic fatty acid desaturases (FADs) MsexD3, MsexD5, and MsexD6 abundantly expressed in the M. sexta female pheromone gland. Their functional characterization and in vivo application of FAD substrates indicated that MsexD3 and MsexD5 biosynthesize 3UFAs via E/Z14 desaturation from diunsaturated fatty acids produced by previously characterized Z11-desaturase/conjugase MsexD2. Site-directed mutagenesis of sequentially highly similar MsexD3 and MsexD2 demonstrated that swapping of a single amino acid in the fatty acyl substrate binding tunnel introduces E/Z14-desaturase specificity to mutated MsexD2. Reconstruction of FAD gene phylogeny indicates that MsexD3 was recruited for biosynthesis of 3UFA SPCs in M. sexta lineage via gene duplication and neofunctionalization, whereas MsexD5 representing an alternative 3UFA-producing FAD has been acquired via activation of a presumably inactive ancestral MsexD5. Our results demonstrate that a change as small as a single amino acid substitution in a FAD enzyme might result in the acquisition of new SP compounds.

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Choudhury, Shormin, Philip Larkin, Holger Meinke, M. D. Hasanuzzaman, Peter Johnson und Meixue Zhou. „Barley yellow dwarf virus infection affects physiology, morphology, grain yield and flour pasting properties of wheat“. Crop and Pasture Science 70, Nr. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18364.

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Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is a phloem-limited virus that is persistently transmitted by aphids and causes significant yield losses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of BYDV in wheat on physiological and morphological traits, yield attributes and pasting properties of flour, and to determine any differences for these traits between susceptible and resistant genotypes under BYDV infection. Significant impact on physiological and morphological traits and yield was observed in plants inoculated at the 2-leaf stage (Zadoks scale, Z12), with a greater impact in the three susceptible genotypes than in the resistant genotype. Yield reduction with inoculation at Z12 was 18–49%, and yield reduction with inoculation mid tillering (Z25) was 6–31%. There was a significant reduction in effective tiller number with both inoculation times, but 1000-kernel weight was affected only with early inoculation. Pasting properties were little affected by BYDV infection, with genotype having a larger effect than infection. Grain yield showed negative correlation with tissue-blot immunoassay and visual symptom score, and positive correlation with all gas-exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf area and biomass weight. The results suggest that stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements are suitable for assessment of BYDV infection and for screening BYDV of susceptible and resistant wheat genotypes.

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Verdier, Thierry. „Review Essay on Why Muslim Integration Fails in Christian-Heritage Societies by Claire Adida, David Laitin and Marie-Anne Valfort“. Journal of Economic Literature 57, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 96–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20171415.

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This paper reviews the book Why Muslim Integration Fails in Christian-Heritage Societies by Claire Adida, David Laitin and Marie-Anne Valfort (hereafter, ALV), providing an analytical perspective on the issues related to minority discrimination and integration in a host society. Building upon the sociological and recent economic approaches to cultural integration, we highlight the different mechanisms behind the existence of a discriminatory equilibrium between a majority group and a minority group in a given social context. The paper then discusses the specific case of the Muslim minority groups in the French context and outlines the strengths and limitations of the research approach expanded by ALV. We finally consider the policy proposals provided by ALV, assessing their viability, as well as the dynamic political economy constraints they might face in a Christian-heritage society. (JEL J15, Z12, Z13)

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Yadav, Shiv Narayan. „A Study of z-Magnitude Dependence in the Spatial Orientation of Angular Momentum Vectors of Galaxies having Redshift < 30,000 km s-1“. Tribhuvan University Journal 30, Nr. 2 (01.12.2016): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v30i2.25564.

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I present a study of spin vector orientations of 229,675 z-magnitude SDSS (Sloan Digital Sky Survey) galaxies having red shift of 0.05 to 0.10. The z-magnitudes are observed through 913.3 nm CCD (charge coupled device) filter attached to SDSS telescope located at New Mexico, USA. We have converted two dimensional data to three-dimensional by Godlowskian Transformation. Our aim is to find out non-random effects in the spatial orientation of galaxies. The expected isotropy distribution curves are obtained by removing the selection effects and performing a random simulation method. In general, spinvector orientations of galaxies are found to be random, supporting Hierarchy model of galaxy formation. In some samples (z12 and z13) of polar angle distribution is observed anisotropy supporting Primordial Vorticity Theory. For azimuthal angle distribution in more sample we observed anisotropy result. A local anisotropy is observed in few samples suggesting a gravitational tidal interaction, merging process and gravitational lensing effect.

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Barrientos Q., Paola A., Niels-Hugo Blunch und Nabanita Datta Gupta. „Income Convergence and the Flow Out of Poverty in Rural India“. Indian Economic Journal 66, Nr. 1-2 (März 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466218810035.

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This article explores the income growth and poverty of rural Indian households, 1994–2005. The estimation strategy consists, first, of a convergence analysis to examine whether poor households are catching up in terms of income, which is then followed by a transition analysis to examine whether poor households are more likely to exit poverty than to remain poor—that is, to essentially test for whether poverty traps are escapable. The identification strategy explicitly addresses issues pertaining to the potential endogeneity and measurement error of initial income and poverty. We find evidence of both income convergence and poverty persistence, but with a higher probability of exiting poverty than of the remaining poor. This suggests that poverty traps, though existent, are not entrapping in rural India. The key variables driving these results are education, occupation and asset ownership. Finally, we discuss the policy implications and provide directions for future research in this area. JEL Codes: I32, J15, O15, O18, O47, Z12, Z13

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Ownby, Daniel, und P. Wesley Routon. „Tragedy Following Tragedies: Estimating the Copycat Effect of Media-Covered Suicide in the Age of Digital News“. American Economist 65, Nr. 2 (30.12.2019): 312–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0569434519896768.

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The Werther effect is the name given to the observed relationship between celebrity suicide and the national suicide rate. Media-covered suicides are often followed by a positive shock in the national suicide rate. Using a unique time series comprising media coverage variables collected from Google News and major news websites, combined with several U.S. national trends from various sources, we estimate the magnitude of the Werther effect in the age of digital news media, where news of celebrity suicide spreads farther and more rapidly. We find a speeding up of this effect, which in the last century was only observed in the month following news coverage. Now, the effect appears slightly more prominent in the month of coverage, though it still persists in the following month. We also find evidence that the Werther effect has diminished in magnitude, perhaps due to the increased normalization of both suicide and celebrity suicide. JEL Classifications: Z13, Z19, I19

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