Dissertationen zum Thema „XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "XVIe-XVIIIe siècles" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Jacob, Anne-Marie. „Homme économique, homme sauvage : XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“. Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis examines first the changing signification in our society of the word "work" which occurred between the 16th and 18th centuries, a period during which "work-punishment-constraint-suffering-inferiority" evolved into "work-productiveuseful-necessary for all". Right throughout this evolution, the growing body of economic thought played a key role and contributed to forming the image of a new type of man : "economic man", civilized, working man. I have analyzed for the same period the manner in which the "civilized" regarded the newly discovered "savages" of america, the most frequent comment being that the savage did not work. In fact, among the amerindians, the encounter between these two worlds had devastating effects which can be partly explained by the unsuccessful attempts to put this people towork in order to extract the wealth coveted by the europeans. This is followed by an analysis of what the latter considered a model experiment of putting the indians to work : the paraguyan reductions (1610-1768). Next i take up the issue of the transition between the colonization of the south and centre of the american continent (spanish and portuguese) throughout the 16th century and the colonization of the north-east which began at the beginning of the 17th century (french and english), noting and comparing the various images of the savage developed by the french (catholics) of nouvelle-france and the english (puritans) of new england
Robin-Romero, Isabelle. „Les établissements pour orphelins à Paris, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“. Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmong all categories of children, orphans have seldom been studied and the sources which would substantiate such research are extremely fragmented. This study's first purpose is to depict the orphan's condition, from a demographic and legal point of view. Then, it will focus on the possibilities that were available to them: being raised by a foster family, wandering around the city or resorting to organized assistance. However, the study is centered around assistance and education establishments in Paris from the sixteenth century to the eighteenth century. It aims at answering three major questions: should sending children to such institutions be equated with abandoning them? Are the charitable institutions of the time to be considered as mere orphanages, in the modern sense of the word, that is to say as institutions in charge of the collective education of parentless children? How much did they do for the children they had in their care? Institutions for orphaned children first appeared in Paris in the sixteenth century, at a time when hospitals started specializing, and they were abolished during the French Revolution which ushered in the "assistance publique" system, the strict centralized organization of the country and the separation between homes and hospitals. Between the sixteenth century and the eighteenth century, there were about ten such institutions and they formed a consistent group although each of them kept its own "identity". They insisted on being distinguished from "hopitaux-généraux" and on protecting their residents, legitimate children who still had relatives or abandoned children whose origins were uncertain. Durable ties built up between, on the one hand the institution and the orphan who became its ward and on the other hand the relatives and the administrators of the institutions who worked hand in hand. The relationship between the orphan and his kin endured and invalidates the theory of disguised abandon. In fact, the means implemented were more sizeable than those brought into play in bigger assistance homes. Not only were there fewer children but they were better taken care of and the material conditions were satisfactory thanks to the building up of a sound real estate property. Finally, administrators were concerned about preparing their wards for the future: school education, housework and vocational training were the three main aspects of this education
Peguera, Poch Marta. „La légitime en pays de coutumes : XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“. Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe, Tezanos Araceli. „Un lecteur collectif : la Compagnie de Jésus (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100173.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThree main subjects underlie our research : firts, the questions around the reader and the practice of reading; second, the Jesuit Order as an institution dealing with knoxledge and culture; third and finally the libraries that the Jesuits created and owned the WVI and XVIII centuries. On the libraries, it deserves special mention the original transcritpion and deciphering of the manuscripts of 'temporalidades », drafted after the expulsion of the Jesuits from the domains of the Spanish Crown that I found in the National Archives of Chile. The question of knowing who was the user and who was the reader in these libraries, lead me naturally to question the individual nature of « the reader » in the theoritical texts and analyzed and to develop a reinterpretation of this theoritical corpus. The reader in our research is not an individual. In each Jesuit College lived a group of members of the order that had access to the libraries. They had been formed practicing Ignace de Loyola's Spiritual Exercises, followed the same principles and norms of life and through the contents of the ratio Studiorum, they learned to read and write in a particular wa. These features of the Jesuit Order provided me withe empirical evidence underlying the construction of a notion that could explain the practice of reading in an organization. In this way that the idea of a « collective reader » emerges. The domain of research is delimited by a key guiding question that demands the search for answers to understand the role of reading and of books in the constitution of the identity of an institution of knowledge. In other words, how an organization transfoms itself into a « collective reader », and at the same time, how this condition of being a collective
Du, Crest Aurélie. „La famille, cadre de l'autorité monarchique sous l'ancien régime : XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis considers the significance, the expression and the consequences of comparisons that were made between the monarch and the head of a family. It highlights two functions of the family, at the time, from a political and legal point of view. These were to define the head of the monarchy as a "father" or "husband", and to legitimize the power of the king as it reflects the power that exists within a household. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the organization of authority within the family serves as a basis for the power of the monarch. This is a way of justifying the superiority of a monarchy that is absolute, hereditary and male-orientated, over any type of system. Such a justification is used by royalty itself when it assumes control of the family in order to reinforce the poxer of the head of the family i. E. The father. But, towards the end of the 17th century, descriptions of the family were used to a greater degree, to contain and then contest, the power of the king. .
Laly, Hervé Guy. „L'apprentissage de la loi : crime et justice en savoie : (XVIe - XVIIIe siècles)“. Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHow does a small state with an uncertain existence make it to assure intern order and pacify society? The question is raised about 16th - 18th-centuries Savoy, peripheral land of the eponymous duchy. Populations have not merely and simply been reduced to obedience by coercion. The pursuit of offences is the occasion for a real learning of the law, not only from the person subject to trial. On their side, the judges learn how to enunciate the law to qualify the crime, thus preparing the penal transition of the age of enlightenment, characterized by the affirmation of a less arbitrary rational justice. This double process of learning is at the heart of the question and allows to explore the articulation between consent and submission. The 18th century has been addressed only in order to add comparative elements. The study mainly focuses on the second halves of the 16th and 17th centuries, at the time where the judicial system changes of nature. The will to discipline society by acting on brutality is a constant in the senatorial criminal policy of the time. But, after 1650, the conciliatory model of the 1560-1630s gives way to a repressive system. However, the Duchy of Savoy is not an all-powerful leviathan state. The authorities have to take into account the local powers and the community traditions. Nevertheless, at the end of the evolution, the centralising dynamic imposes its logic, provoking a cleavage both political and cultural between the elites and the people
Martinière, Guy. „Le Brésil et l'Europe atlantique, (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles) : l'invention contemporaine de la "brasilianité"“. Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe analysis of the different interpretations of brazil history, at the meeting point of history of ideas and ideologies, of history of cultures and cultural identities of nations, and history of sciences, mostly human and societal sciences, represents a field of thoughts about an area still little explored, that is, the relationship between the international cultural relations and historiography. As India and Japan did, Brazil identified itself with a laboratory where the encounter of cultures and ideas was in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the slake of various interpretations reflecting intense national and social rivalries. The book about Brazil, material product of printing and product of the information resulting from discovery of the new world, therefore appears as an element of communication between men, in the world of Portugal and Europe colonial and spiritual conquest. Invented by the Europe of the renaissance and given a national existence by a first wave of decolonization born of the revolution of 1789, "brazilianity" appears like an operating concept of historiography to "think" the independence of Brazil and the original cultural assertion of an emerging nation of today
Mazurek, Antoine. „L'ange gardien à l'époque moderne : culte, élaboration doctrinale et usages. XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“. Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0144.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuardian angel enjoyed increasing success in Early Modern Europe. This study tries to show how this popularity was made possible as well as what it tells us about Catholic confessionalisation and modern religious anthropology. To do so, this study links liturgical, theological, devotional and spiritual discourses and practices. In order to analyze the process which led to the recognition by the Roman Church in 1608 of a liturgical office to be celebrated ad libitum in the entire Catholic world, this thesis describes the medieval manifestations of the cult in the Iberian Peninsula and its transformation in the wake of the Catholic Reform of Liturgy. In-depth analysis of liturgical books and the Roman archives – especially the Congregazione dei Riti's – evidences the transition from a presentation of guardian angel as collective protector to his presentation as individual protector. To explain this transition, the role played by Rome in the process of defining modern Catholicism is considered and the figures involved in the decision of 1608 as well as the spiritual and theological background are described. Lastly, the place of guardian angel in the new trends of religious thought is analyzed in the light of larger issues such as individualism and the relationship between man and God
Gaulier, Patricia. „Du tekoha à la réduction jésuite : trajectoire guarani du XVIe au XVIIIe siècles“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010624.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe guarani, horticulturists of the subtropical forest are originated from Amazonia. Two thousand years ago, they initiated their development to the south of brazil, along the coast and the great rivers. Quickly, the first europeans entered in contact with them, principally in the rio de la plata area. Our study gives a great place to guarani because we can perceive the extent of their trajectory since the neolithic period; the 16 th, period of first europeans contacts and the 17th ans 18th centuries, period of jesuit reduction. We will emphasized that, nowadays, in spite of precarious situation, the guarani population does still exist. The jesuit reduction, set up in the 17th century, represents a place where contacts between the two cultures, distant in time and space, gave birth to an exclusive life style filled by shock and conjonction of the three cultural fronts: guarani, jesuit and also the first european contacts. In order to have a more global vision of the guarani trajectory, we have used all informations related to these populations or those wich are close. We wish to show that a pluridisciplinary attitude is the way for a global vision. Arguments are essentially the croniclers accounts of the 16th century and then texts and jesuit correspondances for the jesuit reduction period. We lay great stress upon the fundamental contribution of archeology, for neolithic period but also jesuit reduction studies. Through the study of material culture collected during the excavations, but also the length of some cultural aspects, we can study and understand the impact caused by this melting pot cultures
Salvadori, Philippe. „Chasseurs d'Ancien Régime : recherches sur une culture du privilège : France : XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“. Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHunting in the ancien regime is an art of the sovereignty. This privilegied leisure is a school of self-control and so legitimates a social superiority ; it emphasizes the distance with commoners but integrates individuals in social ascension and initiates them into elitist ethics. The first part analyses the estabishment of a restrictive legislation and its translation in hunting treatises ; the second part presents hunters discourse about nature and sociability ; the third considers the royal hunting as power's ritual and proposes a sociological analysis of its officers ; the fourth part deals with poaching's repression
Giron, Caroline. „À l'origine des conservatoires : le modèle des Ospedali de Venise (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe foundation of the four ospedali of Venice revealed the influence of the humanist ideas and the ideals of the catholic reformation on the philanthropy towards the poor, the sick and the orphans. The specific political and social structure of the Venetian Republic explains the strong implication of the patricians and the “cittadini” within those institutions, where they could develop profitable alliances. The particular context of the 1630s, when the first theaters of opera opened, added itself to the presence in the ospedali of many children who could be taught music at a high level to give birth to real music schools. Originally conceived to accompagny religious services, the musical activity became very important in the XVIII"' century: as the musicien girls wer specially selected and the composers were carefully chosen, the ospedali choirs became the epicentre of the • Venetian musical life. The “choir girls", who were the only ones to be taught music, could then take the veil or get married. Although they were forbidden to perform in public outside their ospedale, some of them made their career on the stage. Their fame spread wide over the borders of the Republic, and they thus participated to have the ospedali known throughout Europe. These unique institutions were more and more mentioned in _ the travel diaries and they played a role in the durability of the myth of Venice until the end of the XVIII"' century. Along with the musical academies of Naples, the Venetian ospedali created an Italian model for of the European music schools
Imbert, Isabelle. „La peinture de fleurs persane et indienne de la période moderne (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040170.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation focuses on flower paintings produced in Persia and India between the 16th and the 18th centuries to be mounted in albums, also called muraqqa'. This study is centered on three research axis. First, pictorial practices are analyzed, as well as the general evolution of floral forms on album pages. The taxonomic approach on flower paintings led to highlight regionalisms, but also depiction modes shared between Safavid (1501-1722), Afsharid (1736-1749) and Zand (1750-1794) Persia on one hand, and Mughal India (1526-1857) and Indian provincial courts on the other. The second line of research focuses on cultural and artistic exchanges between the East and the West. Many Persian and Indian flower paintings are copied from European printed herbaria and florilegia from the 15th century. The study of European input on these productions highlights assimilation practices of foreign forms. The third axis questions the role held by flower paintings in albums, or muraqqa'. From the 15th century, flowers gradually spread to become omnipresent in the center of the pages, in the margins and on the bindings. Floral representations take various symbolic values linked to an abundant poetic corpus, but also to Persian, Indian or European patrons who order these precious volumes. Among the conclusions, this thesis suggests new attributions of anonymous drawings to the Persian painter Shafīʻ ʻAbbāsī, and holds a discussion about concepts of copy and assimilation
Deharbe, Karine. „Le bureau des finances de la généralité de Lyon du XVIe au XVIIIe siècles“. Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO33023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoger, Thomas. „La perception de l'étranger dans le droit des marchands et négociants (XVIe - XVIIIe siècles)“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe perception of foreigners in the right of merchants and traders revealed the existence of a special law for these professionals. Indeed, political circumstances such as wars or economic factors have impacted the live and the work of the mercatores and negociatores. Meanwhile, from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, the development of royal powers changed the framework and minds concerning these professionnals. These contexts have impacted both jus mercatorum, customary rules, royal ones or applicable case law. Similarly, a comparative legal analysis will be regularly conducted to shed light from the law practiced beyond the borders of the royal state. It will be seen that only circumstantial events, momentary and partial ones could lead to some acceptance. The production of legal norms encouraging French traders' installation abroad also characterizes the time between the sixteenth and the eighteenth centuries
Brochard, François-Xavier. „Autorité, justices et droit en pays de marches séparantes : l'île de Bouin (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT4016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present assessment focuses on integrating and standardizing mechanisms set up between the 16th and 18th centuries in Bouin island, an area which stands out due to its distinctive institutions. Located on the Bay of Bourgneuf, on the Brittany and Poitou border, Bouin experienced the particular status of the “common Marches” according to which it was supposed to belong to both neighbouring provinces, to submit to the competing authorities of two lords, a Breton and a Poitevin, to come within the jurisdiction of both provinces encompassing a fair mix of the two customs. The ‘Marchetons’ status also included very progressive charters and freedoms, which in the case of Bouin added to the advantages of the “isle of the sea”. By demonstrating how the public authority was organized and run in Bouin, bearing in mind the constraints associated with its island status, it is possible to shed light on the reality of monarchic centralization. The building of the sea frontier and the submission of traditionally unruly border communities were achieved by compromise, upholding of privileges, assistance of powerful lords and their institutions rather than establishing royal agents or questioning of local autonomy. For Bouin specifically, the ancient institution of lordship justice remained a special instrument of local administration and the vehicle for standardization, however imperfect
Hernández, Vélez Juan Manuel. „La procédure, matrice des libertés anciennes : aux origines du droit au procès (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA020002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research traces the dogmatical foundations of due process of law in Ancient Regime’s France. To do so, we propose the more abstract concept of “subjective right to legal forms”. This study analyses the different speeches that in the modern age connect forms, formalities, and procedures to the protection of rights and liberties, making those forms the more adequate defence against arbitrary measures.Procedure constitutes then the source of the “ancient liberties”: it was theoretically shaped by the doctrinal works, translated into an institutional speech by the ancient magistracy, legally accomplished by the royal ordinances, and enforced, although with difficulties, by the judiciary. The examination of the speeches about procedure allows us to notice that the consolidation of the state’s power leads to the subjectivation of the legal statements containing procedural norms. Thus, the specific conception of the ancient liberties resonates with the contemporary version of them
Gruzinski, Serge. „Le filet déchiré : sociétés indigènes, occidentalisation et domination coloniale dans le Mexique central, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“. Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010522.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDesnos, Fabrice. „Une pratique précoce de l'intime conviction : la preuve dans la procédure criminelle catalane (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAndrieu, Elodie. „Le choix du régime politique dans les temps modernes : Machiavel et sa postérité (XVIE-XVIIIE siècles)“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32094.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe recent revolutions of the « Arab Spring » attest of the vivacity of the democratic ideal. Yet, this regime is characterised by a philosophical questioning on law and on institutions. In fact, it fits better than any other regime the essence of mankind. So despite the success of quantitative methods and the now undisputed autonomy of political sciences, modern times inherited a metaphysical point of view rather than a scientific way to address political questioning. However, the thesis explores the history of the first “science of institutions” that was born and developed in Modernity. Unknown current in the history of institutions, its proponents are paradoxically emblematic figures of modern political thinking, such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Montesquieu or even Hume. The thesis unveils their ambitious project: to propose institutions adapted to the variety of the customs, behaviours, histories of the societies they study. The choice of the political regime should be respectful of human nature and at the same time adapted to the variety of the existing people. Therefore, the universal and the specific merge in order to serve the first real science of the modern era. The thesis research progresses through Europe from the XVIth to the XVIIIth centuries. At the end of its journey: a surprising encounter: the meeting of philosophers fascinated by the discoveries of these first political scientists. This encounter bore a new type of political regime, different from its Athenian counterpart: modern Democracy
Champeley, Jean-Yves. „Organisations et groupes de jeunesse dans les communautés entre Rhône et Alpes (XVIe -XVIIe -XVIIIe siècles)“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKondratuk, Laurent. „Les Institutiones iuris canonici de GP Lancellotti: l'émergence du systématisme moderne en droit canonique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609210.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePeña, Plaza Carlos. „L'image dans l'image : rhétorique visuelle d'une culture mondialisée : essai d'atlas des représentations ibéro-américaines, XVIe -XVIIIe siècles“. Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThrough the study of a collection of images from the ibero-american world the thesis develops a typological and morphological study of the visual rhetoric of one of the first globalized cultures. The task consists of an articulation between the micro-historical and the macro-historical analysis, that allows to enlighten the connections between global and local, anc observe the commemorative function of those représentations of the colonial past. The approach is semiotic and iconological , but it is also anthropological. It tries to portray the diverse modalities of transformation of the images and their visual cross-breeding or hybridization in their passage from one continent to the other. The categorization and indexatioi with keywords allowed to identify certain visual framing devices of an image within the image and a séries of metaphors and symbols associated with the Eucharistie ritual. The Atlas configuration ,was the instrument used for the visualization of the results according to the basic structural oppositions identified during the process of classification
Poutrin, Isabelle. „Les contemplatives et les pouvoirs religieux : autobiographies de mystiques, sources inquisitoriales et hagiographiques, Espagne, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“. Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the mid-16th to the mid-18th century, more than a hundred contemplative women have written about their life or their spiritual experiences, by order of a confessor or a religious superior. This order had a double aim: to distinguish genuine mystical phenomena from "illusions", to promote the fame of saintliness of their penitent. So did the texts play a decisive part in the formation of fame of saintliness and in inquisitorial proceedings ? The first part of the study characterizes the historical, social and cultural context which directed this autobiographical production. Then the process of writing and diffusion of the texts is recounted. The influence of the religious authorities in the formation or denying of women's fame of saintliness is examined from several cases. Lastly, the study follows the itineraries of the texts after their authors ‘death: some of them are inserted in cases of canonization or in hagiographical works, at the expense of manipulations that the comparison with the original manuscripts puts in evidence. Biographical notes about the 113 contemplatives concerned by the study and an anthology of autobiographical texts are appended to the work
Martinez, Carolina. „"Mondes parfaits et étrangers dans les confins de l'orbis terrarum : utopie, expansion transocéanique et altérité (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles")“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present doctoral thesis aims to understand the developement of the utopian genre in early modern Europe by making special emphasis on its relationship with the process of overseas expansion (that begins in the XVIth century but develops further in the following century), the outbreak of the Reformation and progressive radicalization of religious dissidence, as well as with the transformations in terms of knowledge that gave birth to unprecedented manifestations in european thought. To this end, a set of utopian travel accounts published in French, both in France and in the United Provinces, which circulated in Europe from the early seventeenth century to the early eighteenth century, have been analyzed in terms of three major themes: the religious question, the question of the "other" and the question of space (or the horizon of overseas expansion). Given these three issues, we propose as a general hypothesis that the features acquired by the utopian genre published in French in the seventeenth century, account for the political-religious situation experienced by France in this period, as well as for the place occupied by the French monarchy and the United Provinces in the overseas competition developed around the same time. The expansionist ambitions of the former and the commercial and intellectual prevalence of the latter can be traced in utopian travel accounts, which were written in the centers of culture and trade but were located in the margins of the known world
Kohoutková, Petra. „Image de l'Autre dans les sources arméniennes du XVIe au XVIIIe siècles : naissance et évolution d'un stéréotype ethnique“. Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30107.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe dissertation titled The Depiction of Others in Armenian Sources of the 16th – 18th Centuries is conceived as scholarly research at the boundary between two disciplines – ethnology and history. The introductory chapters devoted to the formation of the stereotypical images of Others and to the fundamental attributes of the Armenian identity served as a sort of springboard for my analysis of Armenian historical texts. Secondarily, they permitted me to tackle the question of the traditional “Us against Them” dichotomy, taking as an example the local Armenian communities and their chief “enemies” – Muslims, heretics and converts. My effort has been to capture the relations between the Armenians and their Muslim neighbors before ethnic stereotypes had been codified during the period of growing nationalism. Analysis of the sources shows that the Armenian stereotypical images of Others are built mainly on the opposition between the community of religious believers and between categories of their civilizational or religious enemies. At the same time, however, they show far greater variability and exhibit stereotypes to a lesser extent then the image of the “Turk” created in the latter half of the 19th century, directly related to concrete historical events (massacres of the Armenian population in 1895-1896 and the genocide of 1915-1916). In conclusion, it can be said that the researched sources reveal a long tradition of the coexistence of many ethnic groups in eastern Anatolia, a multicultural region par excellence
Kondratuk, Laurent. „Les Institutiones iuris canonici de G. P. Lancellotti : l'émergence du systématisme moderne en droit canonique (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/KONDRATUK_Laurent_2007.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Institutiones iuris canonici of Giovan Paolo Lancellotti (1522-1590), a handbook of canon law, was published in 1563, and has been regularly edited until the end of the 18th century, in a monographic form or joined to the Corpus iuris canonici. This book affiliated to legal humanism (or mos gallicus), announces a rupture in canonical science. It adopts the tripartite plan « personæ-res-actiones » of the Justinian’s Institutes ; aims to expose the whole of the Latin Church law by excluding civil law ; and is organized in books, titles and concise paragraphs. It breaks with the Medieval tradition which practiced dialectic methodology, and inserts the Catholic Church into the great codification movement. Lancellotti’s book is presented in the context of its emergence (intentio auctoris), is submitted to external and internal criticism (intentio operis), and is analysed in the context of its reception up until the institution of modern canon law (intentio lectoris)
Souza, Maria Beatrix Mello e. „Les images de l'Immaculée Conception dans le monde luso-brésilien : leur culte et leur signification (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010569.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this thesis is the artistic representations of the immaculate conception that became cult objects throughout the three centuries of the colonisation of Brazil. They are mostly wooden polychrome sculptures. The originality of this thesis lies in its theme and cultural context, in the aspects of analysis in art history (the cult of images and their meaning) and in the choice of historic documents and of the research methods. The cult of the virgin is a major element of the portuguese-brazilian culture. Among over 450 names by which mary was invoked, the immaculate conception - chosen as patron of the portuguese empire in 1646 - is by far the favorite. No other catholic figure of devotion received greater honor in the art of the counter-reformation. The two questions at stake are : why did the images of the immaculate conception become such important cult objects in portugal and Brazil ? How did this happen ? My hypothesis answers the first question : the multifold meanings of purity applied to the imamculate conception and to her image. The concept of purity is understood from an anthropological viewpoint and encompasses various fields such as theology and the condition of woman. This meaning of purity is the most important and differentiating element of the identity of the image of the immaculate conception. Which is composed also of powers and qualities applied to other images of the virgin. The answer to the second question is that the sculpted body is the artistic media that most allows the fusion between the prototype and the image, a prerequisite for the cult of images. The analysis of the cult of these images and of their meaning comprehends the cultural specificity of portugal and of brazil
Moracchini, Pierre. „Recherches sur la notion de "famille franciscaine" en France du Nord et en Lorraine (fin XVIe-fin XVIIIe siècles)“. Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1084.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes the study of the Franciscan Movement as a "religious family", which means, considering its interveners such as the friars, the nuns and the Third Secular order though the links and networks that gather them together. As far as thes etting is concerned, I chose one of the Provinces of the Franciscan Observance wich is called the "France parisienne", from 1517 to 1771, that is to say the Reformations to the Commission des Réguliers. Firstly, I begin with the history of this Province located in the nothern half of France. There are convents (Cordeliers) and also lots of female communities (Poor Clare Nuns, Annunciade sistersand Grey sisters). I focus on the influence of the Capuchin Reform, the emergence of the Recollets and the refoundation of the Third Order Regular. Secondly, I deal with the "vital reciprocity" that caracterizes the relationship between the various elements in this province. I also analyse the hierarchical system whitin the one partake as well as conflits take place. This family life is also present in the architecture of female convents. Finally, I incorporate this Province in the whole Franciscan Movement and I focus on the Third Order Secular which is all one whereas the First Order remains divided into three branches. In conclusion, I insist in the fact that the Franciscan Family can be viewed in two different ways : in a middle-aged and observant way or in a modern and capuchin one
Toubkis, Oleg Dimitri. „"Je deviendrai roi sur tout le pays d'Éthiopie" : royauté et écriture de l'histoire dans l'Éthiopie chrétienne : XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“. Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010678.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTellat, Abdelkader. „L'esclavage au Maroc : des Saâdiens au début des Álaouites (entre Ahmed al-Mansr̄ et Mulāy Ismāìl) XVIe-XVIIIe siècles“. Bordeaux 3, 2004. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2004BOR30049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis, in two big parts, treats a spiny question, known by all societies, and that remains nearly taboo in a lot of cultures and human civilizations. Work tempted to put in evidence the contribution of the servile population to the social history, politics, economic, military and intellectual of Morocco, on one period of two centuries. In the time of the Saadienses, the slaves Noirs were content, seen their number reduces, at the time, to assure the care of thetans, to be decorative elements of the royal palaces and to serve mediators between the sovereigns and the big civil servants of the state. Under the first Alaouiteses, and more especially under the reign of moulay Ismaîl, the role, previously limited of the Blacks, intensified. The Negroes recruited themselves, by choice or not, and in big masses, in the military life. As for the Oulouj, elements of foreign origin, they had, under the Saâdienses, their seizure on the Moroccan administration, at the time. To the level of the problematic, the thesis tried to answer a questionnaire on the phenomenon of the slavery, his/her/its historic context and development, from a global vision
Perras, Jean-Alexandre. „L'exception exemplaire : une histoire de la notion de génie du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle“. Thèse, Paris 8, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8969.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation shows how the figure of the génie was constituted in France over the course of the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, by highlighting the paradoxes which allowed such a figure to become the fundamental notion of modernity. The analysis revolves around three main lines. First, the circumstances for the invention of the very term génie in the French language are examined by focusing on the Greco-Latin cultural background it carried along. As a result, the notion appears as intimately connected to the genius of the French language and its history. Secondly, the analysis focuses on the role this notion played within the normative framework of poetic production at the end of the 17th century. Paradoxically, the value of the génie, which was then defined as the natural ability for the exercising of a regulated technique of poesis, was inconceivable without the transgression of such a normative framework. This social paradox underscores the fact that a génie was, at once, considered both as exceptional and exemplary. Finally, this very paradox his analyzed further within the trajectory of the development of aesthetic theories, during the 18th century, which were founded on a community-defining experience of beauty. This specific issue his examined with reference to the interest sensualist philosophers displayed, in particular, for the mechanisms of invention and discovery. The investigation comes to the following essential conclusion: the génie was, at the same time, problematic for the theories that attempted to circumscribe it and unifying for the communities which were illustrated through it.
Jandot, Olivier. „Les délices de la flamme : la sensibilité au froid et à la chaleur dans la France moderne (XVIe - XVIIIe siècles)“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the time when material conditions in our existence deeply differed from those we know nowadays, what was the impact of the change in the seasonal temperatures on the individuals and society? How did the men and women of the past endured winter cold and how did they strive to protect themselves from it? How efficient were the means used to fight the cold and what could the indoor temperatures be in winter? After the first intuitions sensed by Lucien Febvre and Robert Mandrou, this work, at the crossroads of the history of the body and that of sensitivity, tries to trace out the genealogy of our sensitive relation to the world. After mentioning the contributions and the limits found in various types of studied sources, the first part of this dissertation is devoted to the way the change in temperatures were perceived, noted or thought at a time when cold and heat were more perceptible experiences than measurable physical quantities. It also deals with the way the cold spells affected daily life and that more than today troubled both the individuals and society with unsolvable difficulties. Wondering about the recurring figure of the “great winter”, it shows that those descriptions of harsh winters revealed a climatic reality as much as the old societies’ extreme vulnerability to the cold. The second part revolving around the question of the material civilization tries to recount the different strategies used to fight the onslaught of winter weather. Thus it studies the role and importance of fire places in homes as well as the way it brought a feature of civilization which changed both the living conditions and the physical attitudes that were implied in the process of civilization. The poor calorific value of fire places explained the necessary resort to mobile heating sources and the establishment of numerous strategies to fight the cold, which changed according to the regions and the social standing. Thus, Preindustrial France was understood as a world of permanent economy and of scarce heat where the constant question of the combustible material economy could explain the importance of living with cattle, of overcrowded places - denounced by the doctors in the Age of Enlightenment - and the existence of certain forms of social skills. Trying to recreate the coherence of a system and habitus that have disappeared today, a third part naturally raises the question of sensitivity – in the physiological but also social meaning of the term – to cold and heat and its evolutions. In an essay on the archeology of the body, we tried to recreate the conditions inside the dwellings of the past, in an effort to determine the comfort temperature. The compliance with relatively low indoor temperatures regarding our current demands led us to underline that our capacity to acceptance had been culturally and socially built up and to question our relation to discomfort and pain since the cold, even though it was supported, entailed suffering and physical damage. Pondering over the technical reflection to the heating issue that had developed throughout the 18th century, we were led to go over the complexity of the interaction between society, scientific and technologic evolution and the individual and social acceptance to the cold and heat. The 18th century seemed to be the turning point where for the first time a social demand for heat had been overtly expressed (though condemned by both moralists and doctors) which heralded our unquenchable need for comfort. The expression for that social demand did not necessarily mean that it would be universally satisfied. Consequently, the old thermal regime would be lasting beyond this studied period…
Lopez, Querejeta Maria Ioreto. „La dimension individuelle dans les sociétés traditionnelles. Individu et personne dans un territoire basque pendant l'Ancien régime (Guipúzcoa, XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH203.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a contribution to the anthropological research on individuality in traditional societies. My approach focuses on the person’s cultural notion. The study is based on the analysis of matrimonial trials and of personal letters of this time. In a context where marriage is a fundamental institution from the point of view of social reproduction, these documents bring us over the attitudes of some individual whose spouse’s choice is contrary to family marriage strategies
Therrat, Sylvain. „Les institutions villageoises du Forez (XVIe- XVIIIe siècles) : d’une grande autonomie à l’insertion dans les nécessités et le contrôle de l’État moderne“. Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30059.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTax district almost overlapping the parish in a land of personal taxes, the rural community is, with the lordship, the main pole framing the rural life.Enjoying considerable independence in the early days of the sixteenth century, the villages of Forez are very weakly institutionalized and the life of their institutions is based on a confusion of all bonds in one common place of deliberation. However they will be faced with the centralization effort undertaken by the monarchy. Their institutional functioning, rudimentary, based on a single meeting, and consuls elected to fulfill the collective obligations of the village, will yield to the constraints imposed on them by the modern state and its ever-increasing weight of taxation. The autonomy of villages will therefore decline as an absolute monarchy was strengthened.Thus, until the 1670s, the institutional life of the villages of Forez is essentially internal. The increasing encroachment of outside authorities, however, leads to greater control over the effectiveness of the obligations imposed on the village. This double bind, more onerous obligations and increased control, brings transformation of village institutions. Their organization will be more identifiable but operating in a radically different way : compactness that characterized the village was then lost in an institutionalized participation
Bouziat, Quentin. „La place des prieurés conventuels dans la vie économique, politique et religieuse du diocèse de Genève-Annecy aux XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the 10th century, the Church from Savoy is in a very poor state. Weakened by various invasions, the secular clergy struggles to recover. Monks from major abbeys are sent by the episcopate influencing the creation of priories on the diocesan land. These religious houses settle permanently and play an important role in the life of the parishes hosting them. While regular priories had to face different fates, some of them are still conventual in the modern era. The different bishops count five conventual priories, but only four of these were founded around the 10th century. These are the priories of Bellevaux en Bauges, Peillonnex, Talloires and Contamine. This study focuses on the role of these institutions in the context of the Catholic Reformation introduced in the diocese during the last decades of the 16th century. The study is based on three main points. The first point traces back the evolution of the priories from their foundation until the introduction of the Reform movement in Geneva. The second part concentrates on the story of the monasteries over three centuries under the Ancien Regime. The last part is more thematic as it outlines how the conventual priories influence the political, religious and economic life of the Annecy-Geneva's diocese in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries
Bachelet, Pierre-Emmanuel. „Bateaux-pigeons, quartier japonais et cartes nautiques : réseaux marchands et relations interculturelles entre le Japon, le Đại Việt et le Champa (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN070.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis dissertation aims to analyse one of the major connections in the early modern China seas, the relations between Japan, Đại Việt and Champa. From the mid-16th century onwards, as they were unable to access the Chinese market, Japanese traders increasingly invested in trade with Southeast Asia. They could exchange silver and cooper against silk and tropical products. Đại Việt offered decisive advantages for the Japanese. Merchants coming for China went there to trade and it is the only country to produce silk on its own. Furthermore, the authorities in both countries shared a same vision of diplomacy and their instruction was based on the same classics. As for the Champa, it was of particular importance for the Japanese authorities as a supplier of precious woods. These relations underwent a thorough reorganisation in the 1630’s, when the shogunate prohibited the Japanese from leaving the country, but this connection remained strong. Besides, these contacts with the outside world enabled a specifically Japanese cartography to emerge. Although they are based on European or Chinese models, these maps succeeded in reinventing and going beyond these models.The proximity between Japan and Đại Việt made them privileged partners and lead to the settlement of Japanese communities in Viêt ports. These Japanese residents played a crucial role in these societies, as go-betweens between the European and Viêt authorities. The purpose of this research work is to demonstrate how this common understanding emerged, and to analyse the networks that shaped it, notably through computer modelling
Demême-Thérouin, Amandine. „De l’influence des femmes de lettres des XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles sur la sphère culturelle de leur pays : étude comparative entre la France et l’Espagne“. Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0074.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIf you are interested in women’s influence on literature, science and arts, read the first pages of this thesis. France and Spain were the two leading countries in the world from the 16th to the 18th centuries. The similarities and differences in the cultural involvement of women are compared. Men were predominant in the public field while women had to overcome obstacles to escape from their household assignation and develop the abilities of their minds. They influenced literature in various ways according to the different countries and had a feminine view on the world around them with a more sensitive approach. As « salonnières » they were surrounded by a variety of companions to share, create and judge the works that were offered for their appreciation.More over, women were involved in sciences. They popularized, translated and wrote to promote progress and enlighten a wide range of people, whether ignorant or learned ones. In the field of arts, women loved debating and taking part in academic arguments. They also supported women artists and awakened their talents. They played a part as patrons to reveal them to the public. As you read,you will discover the steps that women had to climb over three centuries to improve their status and defend their gender but also the odds and obstacles they were confronted with
De, Souza Medeiros Guilherme. „L'usage rituel de la Jurema chez les Amérindiens du Brésil : répression et survie des coutumes Indigènes à l'époque de la conquête spirituelle européenne (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles)“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF20002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ritual of Jurema, a sacred drink made of a group of plants with the same name (especially Mimosa tenuiflora, formerly known as Mimosa hostilis Benth) by the native people of Brazil first appears in a document written in Recife, in the state of Pernambuco, in 1739. The document talks about its use by the indigenous population living on the mission settlements of the state of Paraíba. Its appearance in the colonial archives of the 18th century may reveal new socio-cultural dynamics in the colonial frontiers of the northeast. The use of this sacred drink seems to have been originated a long time before the colonizers’ arrival, maybe centuries before that, and its endurance can be observed today, either as a central element of the beliefs and cosmogonies of the indigenous peoples of northeast, or among rural and urban populations as part of syncretic religious contexts that combine elements of Christianity and African-Brazilian sects. In this paper we analyze the role played by the mission settlements in the Portuguese America. The settlements are considered here as ‘institutions of frontier’, sometimes acting as landmarks between known and unknown spaces of colonizers and also as an element of definition for the territorial limits between the Portuguese and Spanish crowns, but especially as channels of communication and exchange between completely diverse religious and cultural universes
Wattellin, Guillaume. „L’élaboration des principes directeurs du droit pénal des mineurs : l’exemple du Nord (XVIe-XIXe siècles)“. Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL20020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe order of February 2nd 1945 which was adopted in the aftermath of the Liberation by the Provisional Government of the French Republic establishes a series of principles which shape the base of juvenal criminal law. Thus the progressive liability in stages modelled on the development of discernment, the superiority of education on repression, the mitigation of sentences, but also the procedure adjustment, are as many derogating rules structuring and guiding the legal treatment of guilty childhood. To use the hallowed phrase, this combination constitutes the « guiding principles » of juvenal criminal law. The submission to a historical study allows a better understanding of the contemporary gradual building up of juvenal criminal law
Gojosso, Éric. „Le concept de république en France : (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDURING THREE CENTURIES, BETWEEN THE XVITH AND THE XVIIITH CENTURY, THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF REPUBLIC WAS DRAMATIC. FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE XVITH AND XVIITH CENTURIES, THE REPUBLIC IS NOT QUITE AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE MONARCHY. AS A MATTER OF FACT, THE REPUBLIC REPRESENTS EITHER THE UNIVERSALITY OF THE SUBJECTS, INDISSOLUBLY UNITED TO THE KING BY MYSTIC LINKS OR A BLURRED POLITICAL FORM BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF PLURALITY OF GOVERNING PEOPLE ACCORDING TO AN INADAPTED AND SHOKING FORMULA IN A COUNTRY LIKE FRANCE. MONARCHOMACHS FAILED TO GRANT THE COMMUNITY WITH SUPREME PREROGATIVES AND WERE NOT ABLE TO CHANGE THE FORMER POINT OF VIEW. ALL IN ALL, THE THEORIZATION OF MODERN STATE HAS strengthENED THE REGIME. NEVERTHELESS FOR LEADING TO A DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE POWERS OF THE PRINCE AND THE SOVEREIGNITY OF THE STATE, THIS THEORIZATION MADE POSSIBLE MANY FORMS OF GOVERNMENT JUST AT THE VERGE OF THE SPECIALIZATION OF THE WORD REPUBLIC. FOR A LONG TIME A PEACEFUL ABSOLUTISM DELAYED SUCH A THEAD BY DOWNGRADING AN OPPOSITION ACCUSED OF REPRESENTING A REPUBLICANISM. THE UNITY OF THE MONARCHY FACES UP THE PLURALITY OF THE REPUBLIC. SUCH A PLURALITY IS USUALLY REJECTED ALTHOUGH NEW STATE STRUCTURES MADE IT FULLY POSSIBLE. IN THE XVIITH AND ABOVE ALL IN THE XVIIITH CENTURY SURGED THE TEMPTATION OF PUTTING AHEAD AN IDEALIZATION OF THE REPUBLIC IN ORDER TO CHANGE THE OLD REGIME. BUT SIMULTANEOUSLY THE DIFFICULTY OF MATCHING THE REPUBLIC AND GREAT-SIZED STATES IMPEDED THE MOST PROGRESSIVES FROM CALLING FOR A RADICAL CHANGE UNTIL THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION WIPED OUT THIS DIFFICULTY. THE SUCCES OF THE WORKS OF ROUSSEAU AN THE TRIUMPH OF THE CONCEPT OF THE NATIONAL SOVEREIGNITY LEAD TO WISH THE SETTING UP OF THE REPUBLIC IN FRANCE. ALL IN ALL AS A RESULT OF A THEORICAL INVESTMENT -ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT IN THE LAST DECADE OF THE MONARCHY- THE REPUBLIC BECOMES A FACTUAL REALITY
Ravier, Benjamin. „Voir et concevoir : les théâtres de machines (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010643/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTheaters of machines »books showing sets of windlasses, cranes, pumps and mills-- have been underestimated to a large extent by historiography. Yet, they have influenced the conception of machines up to the 19th century. This thesis analyses the evolution of this category of books and its reception in various European countries between the 16th and 18th centuries. This work presents the development of a European conception of machines that is both technical as well as social. Artifices of human ingenuity, machines generate fantasies, fears and hopes, prompting the authors to develop a new course of teaching. At the heart of these issues lies a tension between the complexity of the machinery and an incomplete mechanical knowledge, between materiality and theory, between presenting and reporting, between seeing and designing the machine within its materiality and challenges
Lejuste, Jean-Marc. „Novices et noviciats en Lorraine du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2066.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring the modern era, the three Lorraine dioceses Metz, Toul and Verdun saw a very strong establishment of religious orders. This monastic force of Lorraine, inherited from the Middle Ages and the protection of the ducal family, concerns all the major European religious families and has enabled the emergence of reforms (such as that of the Benedictines of Saint-Vanne for example) or the creation of congregations that lasted well beyond the Revolution. We thought it was interesting to study this Monastic permanence of Lorraine from the perspective of novice and novitiate in order to try to understand if there is a specificity specific to these territories. Thanks to an impressive archival wealth, a database of more than 13,000 novices, both men and women, has been established for all religious orders where vows of religion are pronounced and established in the Lorraine dioceses. These data have opened the way to reflect on the birth of vocation, on the procedures for admission within the regulars, the recruitment rates and, more generally, the training of novices. So, our study develops on five themes following both the chronology of the novitiate and its major themes. The first is about the appearance of vocation and the contexts that allow it to flourish or not. Family impacts are very opposite. It is both an incentive factor that can go as far as forced vocation in specific contexts, and a factor of opposition, prompting candidates to seek parades to follow their life plan. In addition to the family, other actors are involved such as religious, books or significant events. The second theme develops the question of postulation with the choice of the religious order, the selection of candidates and the first teachings, a postulation that culminates in the ceremony of taking clothes with its symbolism. The third theme focuses on the influence of money with two issues. The first relates to the cost of the novitiate (pension, purchases of clothes, accessories necessary for engagement...) and the second on the socio-economic profile of the Lorraine candidates with the differences encountered from one order to order, from one sex to another. The fourth reflection questions the geography of the novitiate and the profiles of recruitment according to religious orders and centuries. Finally, the last is entirely devoted to the training of novices with their place within the monastic institution, learning according to gender and orders, the masters and mistresses of novices and the problems faced by novices until the ceremony of the profession that transforms the novice into a religious.This research has established, among other conclusions, that the novice is a character continually confronted with choices (enter or not in religion, choice of order, leave or stay ...) marked by contradictory influences of the family, of the order ... He is a complex and rich character because he allows us to understand the mechanisms that govern the voluntary or voluntary choice of a life devoted to God. This thesis helped to identify a recruitment profile marked by a chaotic 16th century followed by a spectacular upturn that was abruptly interrupted by the Thirty Years' Warbetween 1630 and 1650, before a slow ascent to the first third of the 18th century. century, followed by stabilization before a relative decline after 1770. We have also identified a trend towards Lorraine-centred recruitment, revealing a strong attachment to a nation, for most orders.Novices in Lorraine are therefore above all Lorraines faced, from their youth, with a dense monastic presence, with religious very involved in education and in family networks promoting the renewal of recruits
Mory, Bertrand. „Les Etats du bailliage de Tournai-Tournaisis XVIe-XVIIIe siècle“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhen this province left the French orbit after a capitulation of the royal troops to the imperial armies of Charles V, the question of the representation to the territory was laid immediately. States Tournai-Tournaisis born of this need gradually emancipating both Magistrate Tournai as office bailiwick they regained some prerogatives. Award recipients of the Spanish sovereigns, States organized around their meeting duly convened from 1556. They were presided over by the Bishop of law or his delegate
Stopani, Antonio. „Limites, État et communautés villageoises en Toscane (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)“. Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBecause of the many conflicts regarding the borders, the Italian States from the Ancient Regime organized some institutions in order to face this problem. This study tries to underline the specific aspects of the institutional mission of the florentine magistracy named the Nove Conservatori della Giurisdizione e del Dominio in order to preserve the borders of the state. The boundery line is considered part of what records call "tutela finium" or the defence and the preservation of the souvereign prerogatives, which are always threatened by the conflicts. But, if we try to analyse the conflicts, we notice that there are different subjects involved: small communities, inhabitants groups or single owners in competition for the control and the exploitation of the local economical resources (forests, fiels, marsh) that belong to their public domaine. The local conflict originates long international negociations which aim to establish the borders. At the end of the 17th century, the central institutions started to avoid the conflicts instead of just trying to solve them. It means that the establishment of the borders involves the maintenance of the public order, the garanty of being in good terms with the neighbours. Later, during the 18th century, the aim of defining the boundery line also involves to provide the stater economical increase. This studyexplores the establishment of the borders between the practices regarding the rights of small communities and the pratices of souvereign prerogatives
Commandré, Isabelle. „L'artisanat du verre en Bas‐Languedoc du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe modern woodlands glassmaking enjoys a particularly siginifant development in the Lower Languedoc region which benefits from a deeply rooted tradition from the thirteenth century on. However, the ways and structures of production are as yet very poorly documented and the historiography generally gives a picture of a modest network of workshops producing objects for daily use.Based on the additionnal information of written archaeological and archeometrical sources, this study favours the analysis of these factories from eight excavated sites. At first place it gives an approach of the people as well as the surrounding area which shows the formal structuring of this ceramic skillset. About a hundred moderns production centres emerged, grouped together in a number of zones with several workshops near each other. Their extent is limited, on the other hand they indicate a certain autonomy in production. From the smallest unit in the woodlands to the big establishments which resembledl proper village settlements, each site ensured the complete cycle of the operational chain of glass production. Generally, the workshops were a relatively simple infrastructure assembled around two or three furnaces with complementary functions: frit, fusion and annealing furnaces.As a region favourable to the establishment of glassmaking due to the rich resources in raw materials, modern Languedoc produced mainly hollow, concave glass.. Basically their production supplied the province which was the biggest of the kingdom. It is only from the first third of the eighteenth century that this woodland craft industry declined progressively as big coal-fired factories took over
Payn-Echalier, Patricia. „Les marins d'Arles de la fin du XVIe siècle à la fin du XVIIIe siècle“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://books.openedition.org/pup/6496.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrégoire, Vincent. „Impérialisme et cosmopolitisme. Théories de l’Etat et problèmes coloniaux (XVIe-XVIIIe siècle)“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040247/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is worth considering that when the modern State reconciles the principle of sovereignty with the assertion of subjective rights, and consequently breaks with the imperial government system, it is doing so at the very time when the New World is being discovered and exploited. The point here is to show that these two processes are interdependent, and that it is possible to reconsider the different theoretical elaborations which have so far accounted for the emergence of state sovereignty, by referring to the structuring tension between cosmopolitism and imperialism, which characterizes the New World. What is dealt with the first part is the birth of international law, and the issue of cosmopolitism, revisited in the light of Vitoria’s study about the titles of the Spanish conquest and colonization. It is also devoted to restoring the stakes of piracy practice. The later cannot be reduced to its criminal dimension: at the time it means a fight for freedom on sea, together with the experimentation of new forms of association and liberty, which echo the utopian way of thinking. The second part is devoted to emphasizing the role of colonial stakes in the construction of the theory of sovereign power (as Absolute Monarchy). The authors referred to are Bacon and Hobbes. A third part is devoted to the emergence of the concept of People in the State theories, together with a study of the way this concept feeds from the colonial experience (the authors referred to this time being Locke and Rousseau). The Revolution in Santo-Domingo is mentioned in the very end, due to its exemplarity in the way it questions all the concepts that make out the modern state under the rule of law
Meylan, Guerric. „L'âge de la majorité coutumière en France du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle“. Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePépy, Émilie-Anne. „Espace sacré, espace profane : le territoire de la Grande Chartreuse : fin XVIe siècle – fin XVIIIe siècle“. Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince it was born in the XIth century, the Grande Chartreuse's main caracteristic consists in its original institution, the "Désert". Isolated by sacred boundaries, this territory ensures the eremitism ideal of a small community, componed of fathers, brothers, and laics servants, and provides its resources. From the end of the XVIth century, the Grande Chartreuse monastery enlarge its community so as to comply with the Council of Trent's purposes. With this policy the pression on the Désert resources increases drastically. At the beginning of the XVIIth century, its leaders decide to diversificate the incomes from the material resources, and the monastery becomes a great landlord all over the mountains of Chartreuse. The metallurgic production of the Grande Chartreuse starts being industrially efficient under the influence of Daliès de La Tour, who promotes Colbert economic policy in the Dauphiné. Forests are being systematically exploited and the mountain is being managed. Both situations lead in an openness to the world while the monastery starts attracting many tourists. Meanwhile there is no secularization, and the Grande Chartreuse territory keeps its sacred dimension, reinforced by the Counter Reformation's efforts to impose a new style of religious belief and practice. During the XVIIIth century, conception of nature is deeply changing and introduces new ways of sacralization. This exemple of the Grande Chartreuse underlines the connections between sacred and profane dimensions during the modern time
Lunel, Alexandre. „L'organisation des professions médicales sous l'Ancien régime : entre corporatisme et autorité royale : XVIe siècle-XVIIIe siècle“. Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020017.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle