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Schilmann, Astrid, Andrés Sánchez-Pájaro, Marbella T. Ovilla-Muñoz, Juan Téllez-Sosa, Sugey Bravo-Romero, Sara Yuvisela Bahena-Reyes, Margarita Lobato et al. „SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Surveillance in Ten Cities from Mexico“. Water 15, Nr. 4 (17.02.2023): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15040799.
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We aimed to estimate the lead time and infection prevalence from SARS-CoV-2 wastewater (WW) monitoring compared with clinical surveillance data in Mexico to generate evidence about the feasibility of a large-scale WW surveillance system. We selected 10 WW treatment plants (WWTP) and 5 COVID-19 hospitals in major urban conglomerates in Mexico and collected biweekly 24-h flow-adjusted composite samples during October–November 2020. We concentrated WW samples by polyethylene glycol precipitation and employed quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays, targeting the nucleoprotein (N1 and N2) genes. We detected and quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 88% and 58% of the raw WW samples from WWTPs and COVID-19 hospitals, respectively. The WW RNA daily loads lead the active cases by more than one month in large and medium WWTP sites. WW estimated that cases were 2 to 20-fold higher than registered active cases. Developing a continuous monitoring surveillance system for SARS-CoV-2 community transmission through WW is feasible, informative, and recognizes three main challenges: (1) WW system data (catchment area, population served), (2) capacity to maintain the cold-chain and process samples, and (3) supplies and personnel to ensure standardized procedures.
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Robotto, Angelo, Carlotta Olivero, Elisa Pozzi, Claudia Strumia, Camilla Crasà, Cristina Fedele, Maddalena Derosa et al. „Efficient wastewater sample filtration improves the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants: An extensive analysis based on sequencing parameters“. PLOS ONE 19, Nr. 5 (24.05.2024): e0304158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304158.
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During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many countries established wastewater (WW) surveillance to objectively monitor the level of infection within the population. As new variants continue to emerge, it has become clear that WW surveillance is an essential tool for the early detection of variants. The EU Commission published a recommendation suggesting an approach to establish surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in WW, besides specifying the methodology for WW concentration and RNA extraction. Therefore, different groups have approached the issue with different strategies, mainly focusing on WW concentration methods, but only a few groups highlighted the importance of prefiltering WW samples and/or purification of RNA samples. Aiming to obtain high-quality sequencing data allowing variants detection, we compared four experimental conditions generated from the treatment of: i) WW samples by WW filtration and ii) the extracted RNA by DNase treatment, purification and concentration of the extracted RNA. To evaluate the best condition, the results were assessed by focusing on several sequencing parameters, as the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing from WW is crucial for variant detection. Overall, the best sequencing result was obtained by filtering the WW sample. Moreover, the present study provides an overview of some sequencing parameters to consider when optimizing a method for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants from WW samples, which can also be applied to any sample preparation methodology.
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Ashton, Elizabeth, Benjamin Smeeton und Stuart Weatherby. „ONE YEAR RETROSPECTIVE AUDIT OF CNS MALIGNANCY 2 WW REFERRALS“. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 86, Nr. 11 (14.10.2015): e4.126-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-312379.37.
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BackgroundSince its introduction in 2000, concerns have been raised about the two week wait (2 WW) referral system for suspected malignancy. Studies have demonstrated poor compliance to guidelines, low detection rates and questioned the time effectiveness of the referral process.MethodAll patients referred under the 2 WW system for suspected CNS malignancy to Derriford Hospital, Plymouth Hospitals NHS trust, over a one-year period were retrospectively audited. Data was gained from clinic letters and radiological imaging. The aims were to determine the number of referrals, their appropriateness and subsequent time taken to outpatient appointment, imaging and final diagnosis.Results103 referrals were made between September 2013 and September 2014 with just 48.5% fulfilling NICE referral guidelines for suspected CNS malignancy. Just three tumours were diagnosed with guidelines identifying all of these. Only 28% of 2 WW referrals received diagnostic imaging and an outpatient appointment within two weeks.ConclusionsUnnecessary referrals are placing strain on the 2 WW system. We suggest that a potential solution is for general practitioners to refer patients for imaging at the same time as they make their neurological 2 WW referral in order to cut down waiting times.
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LOTT, J. Shaun, Sarah J. CODDINGTON-LAWSON, Paul H. TEESDALE-SPITTLE und Fiona J. MCDONALD. „A single WW domain is the predominant mediator of the interaction between the human ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4 and the human epithelial sodium channel“. Biochemical Journal 361, Nr. 3 (25.01.2002): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3610481.
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The activity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is required for the maintenance of salt and water balance in the body. Channel activity is regulated by the ubiquitin-protein ligase Nedd4 ['neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated (gene 4)'] that interacts with the channel via its WW domains. Mutations in channel subunits that disrupt this interaction cause Liddle's syndrome, a severe inherited form of hypertension. In previous studies we showed that WW domains 2, 3 and 4 of human Nedd4 bound to the human ENaC (hENaC) subunits, whereas WW domain 1 did not. Here we extend this observation to determine the binding affinities of the human Nedd4 WW domains for hENaC C-terminal peptides. We show that WW domains 2, 3 and 4 bind with differing affinities to Na+ channel subunit peptides. WW domain 3 has the highest affinity and we predict that WW domain 3 contributes most of the binding because a construct containing the three WW domains bound no better than WW domain 3 alone. Further, a single amino acid change (Arg165 → Thr) in WW domain 1 enables binding to the α subunit of the channel to occur, with an affinity comparable with that of WW domain 4. Differential binding propensities between the various WW domains and Na+ channel subunit peptides are explained on the basis of quantitative structural modelling of the complexes and their isolated components.
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Schillinger, William F., und David W. Archer. „Winter Triticale: A Long-Term Cropping Systems Experiment in a Dry Mediterranean Climate“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 11 (13.11.2020): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111777.
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Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a cereal feed grain grown annually worldwide on 4.2 million ha. Washington is the leading state for rainfed (i.e., non-irrigated) triticale production in the USA. A 9-year dryland cropping systems project was conducted from 2011 to 2019 near Ritzville, WA to compare winter triticale (WT) with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (WW) grown in (i) a 3-year rotation of WT-spring wheat (SW) -no-till summer fallow (NTF) (ii) a 3-year rotation of WW-SW-undercutter tillage summer fallow (UTF) and (iii) a 2-year WW-UTF rotation, We measured grain yield, grain yield components, straw production, soil water dynamics, and effect on the subsequent SW wheat crop (in the two 3-year rotations). Enterprise budgets were constructed to evaluate the production costs and profitability. Grain yields averaged over the years were 5816, 5087, and 4689 kg/ha for WT, 3-year WW, and 2-year WW, respectively (p < 0.001). Winter triticale used slightly less water than WW (p = 0.019). Contrary to numerous reports in the literature, WT never produced more straw dry biomass than WW. Winter wheat produced many more stems than WT (p < 0.001), but this was compensated by individual stem weight of WT being 60% heavier than that of WW (p < 0.001). Spring wheat yield averaged 2451 vs. 2322 kg/ha after WT and WW, respectively (p = 0.022). The market price for triticale grain was always lower than that for wheat. Winter triticale produced an average of 14 and 24% more grain than 3-year and 2-year WW, respectively, provided foliar fungal disease control, risk reduction, and other rotation benefits, but was not economically competitive with WW. A 15–21% increase in WT price or grain yield would be necessary for the WT rotation to be as profitable as the 3-year and 2-year WW rotations, respectively.
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Kakehi, Y., T. Kamoto, O. Ogawa, K. Tobisu, Y. Saito, H. Fukuda und T. Kakizoe. „Prospective evaluation of a “Watchful Waiting” program using initial pathology criteria and PSA-doubling time monitoring for patients with stage T1c prostate cancer“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, Nr. 18_suppl (20.06.2006): 14651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.14651.
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14651 Background: “Watchful waiting (WW)” is becoming a common treatment option for patients (pts) with screening detected prostate cancer. There is, however, no consensus about which pts are suitable for WW and how pts are monitored. Methods: Eligibility criteria: 1) stage T1c prostate cancer pts, 2) age 50–80, 3) serum PSA: 20 ng/ml or less, 4) 1 or 2 positive cores per 6 to 12 systematic core biopsies, 5) Gleason score of 6 or less, 6) 50% or less maximum % cancer occupation in a positive core. The criteria of 4), 5), 6) were confirmed by a central pathologist before pts registration. Registered patients chose either WW or immediate aggressive treatment. In patients who chose WW, serum PSA was monitored every 2 months for 6 months and PSA-doubling time (PSADT) was calculated centrally. Those who showed PSADT 2y and re-biopsy at 13 months fit the initial pathology criteria again. Primary endpoint was “% PSADT > 2 y”, which was defined as proportion of patients who showed PSADT at 6 months > 2 y out of all patients who chose WW. Point estimate of “% PSADT > 2 y” was expected to be higher than 80%. The planned sample size was 100 pts who chose WW, which gives the width of 95% confidence intervals for % PSADT > 2 y within 10%. Results: 134 pts were enrolled from 01/2002 to 12/2003 and 118 pts chose WW while 13 pts chose aggressive treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy). The initial 6 months’ PSADT could be assessed in 106 patients (measurement point error in 6, early dropout in 6). Of 106 patients, 22 showed PSADT < 2 y (“rapid riser”) while 84 showed PSADT > 2 y. “% PSADT > 2 y” was 71.2% (84/118, 95% CI: 62.1–79.2%). 84 pts have continued WW with median follow-up of 27 months. Neither metastasis nor cancer-death was observed until 06/2005. As to health-related QOL, any domain of SF-36 was not impaired in patients who continued WW at least for 1 year. Conclusion: Our initial selection criteria for WW may include at least 20% of “rapid riser”, hence need further modification. Additionally, it should be confirmed by further follow-up of 84 pts whether eliminating “rapid riser” from WW by initial 6 months’ PSADT is appropriate. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Fleet, M. R., S. F. Lincoln und A. M. Hounslow. „Electron spin resonance of wool from Merino sheep heterozygous or homozygous for white fleece“. Animal Science 47, Nr. 1 (August 1988): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100037090.
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AbstractWool samples were collected from two groups of Merino sheep, both of which contained animals that were either heterozygous (Ww) or homozygous (WW) for white fleece. Group 1 were sampled in summer and group 2 in winter. These samples were scoured and measured for electron spin resonance initially (ESR1), following irradiation by ultraviolet light (ESR2) and then after wetting and drying the sample (ESR3).There was no significant difference between WW and Ww sheep in each group for any of the ESR measurements (P > 0·05). However, for ESR1 there was a difference between management groups (group 1> group 2; P < 0·05). The ESR3 on ESR1 values were plotted separately for WW and Ww genotypes. The plotted ESR3 on ESR1 values in both groups showed no differentation into distinct genotype clusters. Nevertheless, for group 2 there was a slight similarity to the cross-like pattern of genotypes reported in an earlier description of this technique and the regression coefficients of ESR3 on ESR1 for WW sheep (b = −0·09 (s.e. 0·28)) differed significantly from those of Ww sheep (b = 1·31 (s.e. 0·52)) (P < 0·05).It appears that the previously published method for differentiating between sheep that are either heterozygous or homozygous for white fleece was ineffective in this case.
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Jasiński OFM, Andrzej Sebastian. „Pokutna modlitwa psalmisty“. Scriptura Sacra, Nr. 21 (17.07.2021): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/scrs/4158.
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Ps 6 jest lamentem indywidualnym (struktura: ww. 2-4 lament; ww. 5-8 modlitwa o uzdrowienie; ww. 9-11 dziękczynienie). Lamenty w Biblii dotyczą bardzo różnorodnej tematyki. Ps 6 jest pierwszym z siedmiu psalmów pokutnych (Ps 6; 32; 38; 51; 102; 130; 143). Ww. 2-3 ukazują wszechobecną moc grzechu. Grzech ma wpływ na całą egzystencję, o czym świadczy użycie słów „kości” (fizyczne) i „dusza” (cała istota). W istocie psalmista próbuje błagać Boga, mówiąc: „Jeśli mnie nie wybawisz, będziesz miał o jednego czciciela mniej”. Psalmista kładzie wysoką wartość na chwałę Boga jako kartę przetargową.
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Gomes, Marta, Maria Bartolomeu, Cátia Vieira, Ana T. P. C. Gomes, Maria Amparo F. Faustino, Maria Graça P. M. S. Neves und Adelaide Almeida. „Photoinactivation of Phage Phi6 as a SARS-CoV-2 Model in Wastewater: Evidence of Efficacy and Safety“. Microorganisms 10, Nr. 3 (19.03.2022): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030659.
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The last two years have been marked by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. This virus is found in the intestinal tract; it reaches wastewater systems and, consequently, the natural receiving water bodies. As such, inefficiently treated wastewater (WW) can be a means of contamination. The currently used methods for the disinfection of WW can lead to the formation of toxic compounds and can be expensive or inefficient. As such, new and alternative approaches must be considered, namely, photodynamic inactivation (PDI). In this work, the bacteriophage φ6 (or, simply, phage φ6), which has been used as a suitable model for enveloped RNA viruses, such as coronaviruses (CoVs), was used as a model of SARS-CoV-2. Firstly, to understand the virus’s survival in the environment, phage φ6 was subjected to different laboratory-controlled environmental conditions (temperature, pH, salinity, and solar and UV-B irradiation), and its persistence over time was assessed. Second, to assess the efficiency of PDI towards the virus, assays were performed in both phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), a commonly used aqueous matrix, and a secondarily treated WW (a real WW matrix). Third, as WW is generally discharged into the marine environment after treatment, the safety of PDI-treated WW was assessed through the determination of the viability of native marine water microorganisms after their contact with the PDI-treated effluent. Overall, the results showed that, when used as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, phage φ6 remains viable in different environmental conditions for a considerable period. Moreover, PDI proved to be an efficient approach in the inactivation of the viruses, and the PDI-treated effluent showed no toxicity to native aquatic microorganisms under realistic dilution conditions, thus endorsing PDI as an efficient and safe tertiary WW disinfection method. Although all studies were performed with phage φ6, which is considered a suitable model of SARS-CoV-2, further studies using SARS-CoV-2 are necessary; nevertheless, the findings show the potential of PDI for controlling SARS-CoV-2 in WW.
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Kamynina, Elena, Caroline Tauxe und Olivier Staub. „Distinct characteristics of two human Nedd4 proteins with respect to epithelial Na+ channel regulation“. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 281, Nr. 3 (01.09.2001): F469—F477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2001.281.3.f469.
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The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is regulated via PY motif-WW domain interaction by the mouse (m) ubiquitin-protein ligase mNedd4-2 but not by its close relative mNedd4-1. Whereas mNedd4-1 is composed of one C2, three WW, and one HECT domain, mNedd4-2 comprises four WW domains and one HECT domain. Both proteins have human (h) homologs, hNedd4-1 and hNedd4-2; however, both of them include four WW domains. Therefore, we characterized hNedd4-1 and hNedd4-2 in Xenopus laevisoocytes with respect to ENaC binding and interaction. We found that hNedd4-2 binds to and abrogates ENaC activity, whereas hNedd4-1 does not coimmunoprecipitate with ENaC and has only modest effects on ENaC activity. Structure-function studies revealed that the C2 domain of hNedd4-1 prevents this protein from downregulating ENaC and that WW domains 3 and 4, involved in interaction with ENaC, do not by themselves provide specificity for ENaC recognition. Taken together, our data demonstrate that hNedd4-2 inhibits ENaC, implying that this protein is a modulator of salt homeostasis, whereas hNedd4-1 is not primarily involved in ENaC regulation.
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Moest, Nicole K., Naomi C. Willard, Caleb M. Shull, Denny McKilligan und Mike Ellis. „187 Effect of Piglet Weaning Weight on Wean-to-Finish Growth Performance and Ultrasound Carcass Measures“. Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_2 (28.10.2023): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.010.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of variation in piglet weaning weight (WW) resulting from interventions during lactation on post-weaning performance. A split-split plot design was used with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: 1) Liquid milk replacer [MR; main plot; No Supplement (NS) vs. Supplement (SU)]; 2) Litter size [LS; sub-plot; LOW (4 pigs less than functional teat number) vs. HIGH (2 pigs greater than functional teat number)]; 3) WW [sub-sub-plot; LIGHT (2 lightest barrows and 2 lightest gilts within each litter) vs. HEAVY (2 heaviest barrows and 2 heaviest gilts within each litter)]. Each MR feeder was available to 2 litters, one on the LOW and one on the HIGH LS treatment. Cross-fostering was carried out at 24 h after birth to create LS treatment litters; MR treatment was applied from 24 h after birth until weaning (20 days of age). The study involved 256 pigs housed in mixed-sex pens of 4 pigs (2 barrows; 2 gilts) and was carried out from weaning to a fixed pen weight (130.0 ± 2.27 kg). Pigs were weighed at start and end of the study when ultrasound scans were collected (at the 10th rib) to measure backfat depth (BF) and Longissimus muscle area (LMA). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS; the model accounted for fixed effects of MR, LS, WW, and all interactions, and random effects of replicate, replicate by MR interaction and replicate by MR by LS interaction. There were no treatment interactions (P > 0.05) for any measurements (Table 1). The MR treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on WW; the SU treatment had greater (P ≤ 0.05) ADFI but had no effect (P > 0.05) on other measurements compared with the NS treatment (Table 1). Compared with the LOW LS treatment, the HIGH LS treatment had lighter WW (1.7 kg; P ≤ 0.05), and greater days on test (4 days; P ≤ 0.05); however, there were no differences (P > 0.05) for other measurements. Compared with the LIGHT WW treatment, HEAVY pigs had greater WW (1.7 kg; P ≤ 0.05), fewer days on test (7.9 days; P ≤ 0.05), greater (P ≤ 0.05) overall ADG (38 g) and ADFI (78 g), less BF (0.17 cm; P ≤ 0.05) and greater LMA (1.37 cm2; P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, providing MR during lactation had little effect on post-weaning performance. However, increasing LS above sow functional teat number reduced WW and increased the time to reach harvest weight with no effect on post-weaning growth performance. In addition, HEAVY WW piglets had improved post-weaning growth performance and carcass lean measurements compared with LIGHT WW piglets.
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Craig, Aimee-Louise, Ramon Muns, Alan Gordon und Elizabeth Magowan. „Extended nursing and/or increased starter diet allowances for low weaning weight pigs“. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, Nr. 8 (01.08.2020): 1301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0511.
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Objective: To evaluate the use of nurse sows and post-weaning nutrition strategies for low wean weight (WW) pigs on lifetime growth and efficiency.Methods: Animals (n = 270) were assigned to one of five treatments at 28 d. Low WW pigs (<6 kg) were either weaned and offered a special dietary regime recommended for low WW pigs (WEAN) or placed on a nurse sow (NURSE) and weaned at 49 d. Normal WW pigs (9 kg) (NORM) were also weaned at 28 d. After weaning, NORM and NURSE pigs were offered either a ‘high’ (4 kg/pig of starter 1 diet followed by 8 kg/pig of starter 2 diet) or ‘low’ (8 kg/pig of starter 2 diet) starter diet allowance in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. A typical grower diet was then offered, followed by a typical finisher diet until 147 d of age.Results: NORM pigs where heavier throughout their life compared to NURSE pigs (91.4 kg vs 76.2 kg at 147 d; p<0.001). WEAN pigs were heavier at 70 d compared to NURSE pigs (23.9 kg vs 21.0 kg; p<0.001), but there was no significant difference at 147 d between NURSE and WEAN treatments. NURSE pigs had reduced feed intake throughout the finishing period (1.6 kg/d; p<0.001) compared to WEAN (2.0 kg/d) and NORM (1.9 kg/d) pigs. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of NURSE (2.20) was lower than NORM and WEAN during the finishing period (2.40 and 2.79, respectively).Conclusion: Extended (up to 49 d) nursing for low WW pigs resulted in improved FCR during the finishing period, but no overall improvement in growth rate compared to low WW pigs weaned at 28 d and offered a specialised starter regime. Normal WW pigs where significantly heavier than low WW pigs throughout the study.
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Khaki, Ali Raza, Yuan Xu, Shasank R. Chennupati, Scott D. Ramsey, Catherine Fedorenko, Veena Shankaran, Andrew J. Cowan und Winson Y. Cheung. „Intensity of End of Life Care for Hematologic Malignancy Patients in Western Washington, United States and Alberta, Canada“. Blood 136, Supplement 1 (05.11.2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-134825.
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Background: Aggressive care at the end of life (EOL) leads to unnecessary suffering and healthcare costs for patients with cancer. We have previously shown that among patients with solid tumor malignancies, EOL utilization of chemotherapy, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and >1 emergency department (ED) visits are higher in Washington State vs Alberta (AB). In this study, we use cancer registry and claims data to compare EOL care among patients with hematological malignancies between western Washington (WW) and AB. Methods: Adult patients with hematological malignancies diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 who died before December 31, 2018 were identified from regional population-based cancer registries in WW and AB. Data sources were 1) WW Cancer Surveillance System (a regional SEER registry) with data from 13 counties linked to enrollment files and claims from four regional insurers and 2) Canada National Ambulatory Care Reporting System, Discharge Abstracts Database, and chemotherapy records from AB Health Services. Proportions of patients receiving chemotherapy, ICU admission, or >1 ED visit in the last 30 days of life (DOL) in WW and AB were determined among all patients and those ≥65 years and compared using two sample z-test with two-tailed hypothesis (α=0.006 after Bonferroni correction). Results: 7859 AB and 3767 WW patients met study inclusion criteria. Median age was 76 (IQR 66-83) and 79 (IQR 71-86) for AB and WW, respectively; 78% and 85% were over age 65, 33% and 59% with ≥2 Charlson Comorbidity Score. Cancer distribution was 33% (AB) and 54% (WW) non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 14% (AB) and 20% (WW) myeloma and 27% (AB) and 19% (AB) leukemia. Table 1 shows utilization of chemotherapy, >1 ED visits and ICU admissions in AB and WW for all patients and Table 2 in those ≥65 years. More patients in WW vs AB were treated with chemotherapy (21% WW vs 7% AB) and admitted to ICU (34% WW vs 9% AB) in the last 30 DOL, whereas multiple ED visits were more similar between WW and AB (17% vs 19%, respectively). Similarly, among patients ≥65 years, chemotherapy use and ICU admissions were higher in WW. The same was true for patients in the last 60 and 90 DOL. Conclusions: Similar to what was noted in solid tumor patients, intensity of healthcare use at EOL is greater in WW vs AB for patients with hematological malignancies. However, ≥1 ED visits were similar between populations. Further work is needed to understand drivers of high intensity healthcare use and identify interventions to minimize low value care at EOL. Disclosures Khaki: Merck: Other: share/stockholder; Pfizer: Other: share/stockholder. Ramsey:AstraZeneca: Other: Personal Fees. Cowan:Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Cellectar: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding.
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Khattab, Adel Salah, Alaa Hanavey Abdel Aziz und Ahmed Afifi. „Estimates of direct and maternal genetic effects on birth and weaning weights in Egyptian buffalo calves“. Buffalo Bulletin 41, Nr. 2 (26.06.2022): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4122935.
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A total of 1173 first calves of Egyptian buffalo kept at Mehalet Mousa Farm, belonging to Animal Production Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt during the period from 2000 to 2015 were used to estimate variances of direct and maternal genetic effects for birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW). Two animal models are used. Model 1 (full model) includes month and year of birth and sex as fixed effects and direct genetic, maternal genetic, covariance between direct and maternal genetic and residual as random effects. Model 2 is similar to model 1 while additive maternal genetic and covariance between direct and maternal effects were omitted from the analysis. Year of birth and sex had highly significant effects on BW and WW, while month of birth had no significant effects on both traits studied. Bulls of the buffalo had highly significant effects on BW and WW. Direct heritability estimates for BW are 0.30 and 0.33, for Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. Direct heritability estimates for WW are 0.34 and 0.39 for Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. Maternal heritability estimates are 0.10 and 0.03 for BW and WW, respectively. Phenotypic and genetic correlations among BW and WW are positive and highly significant. These results indicate the important of maternal genetic effect on birth weight.
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Shcherbik, Natalia, Sharad Kumar und Dale S. Haines. „Substrate proteolysis is inhibited by dominant-negative Nedd4 and Rsp5 mutants harboring alterations in WW domain 1“. Journal of Cell Science 115, Nr. 5 (01.03.2002): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.5.1041.
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Mammalian Nedd4 and its budding yeast orthologue Rsp5 are members of a large family of HECT-domain-containing ubiquitin ligases. Besides possessing a Ca2+/lipid-binding domain, both ligases have multiple protein-interacting modules termed WW domains. The C-terminal WW domains mediate interactions with substrates, but the function of the first WW domain remains unclear. We found that expression of a WW domain 1 Nedd4 mutant inhibits the growth of budding yeast by affecting the rsp5-ole1pathway. The WW domain 1 mutant-induced phenotype is suppressed by ole1 cDNA overexpression or oleic acid supplementation of growth media and ole1 RNA levels are reduced in cells expressing this Nedd4 mutant. Also, the WW domain 1 Nedd4 mutant associates via WW domains 2 and 3 with Spt23, a Rsp5 target and ole1 transactivator. The dominant-negative activity of this mutant is associated with promoting accumulation of unprocessed Spt23 and inhibiting generation of processed and presumably active protein. Also, Spt23 processing is inhibited by a Nedd4 mutant that lacks ubiquitin ligase activity and Spt23-binding-competent Rsp5 mutants harboring WW domain 1 or ligase domain mutations. Interestingly, in mammalian cells, wild-type Nedd4 promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of the precursor form of Spt23. WW domain 1 and ligase domain Nedd4 mutants block its degradation. These results indicate that WW domain 1 of these ligases interacts with cofactors that are required for ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolysis of bound substrates.
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Yu, Jaecheul, Hana Park, Younghyun Park und Taeho Lee. „Power Generation and Microbial Community Shift According to Applied Anodic Potential in Electroactive Biofilm Reactors Treating Synthetic and Domestic Wastewater“. Energies 15, Nr. 24 (13.12.2022): 9459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249459.
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This study investigated the effect of initially set anodic potentials (−0.3, −0.2, −0.1 and +0.1 V) on voltage production and microbial community in electroactive biofilm reactors (EBRs) treating synthetic and domestic wastewater (WW). In phase 1, EBRs were acclimated with different anodic potentials for synthetic and domestic WW. EBR (SE4) poised with +0.1 V showed the highest maximum power density (420 mW/m2) for synthetic WW, while EBR (DE3) poised with −0.1 V showed the highest maximum power density (235 mW/m2) for domestic WW. In phase 2, the EBRs were operated with a fixed external resistance (100 Ω for synthetic WW and 500 Ω for domestic WW) after the applied potentials were stopped. The EBRs showed slightly different voltage productions depending on the WW type and the initial anodic potential, but both EBRs applied with +0.1 V for synthetic (SE4) and domestic (DE4) WW showed the highest voltage production. Principal component analysis results based on denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis band profiles showed that the microbial community was completely different depending on the WW type. Nevertheless, it was found that the microbial community of EBRs applied with a negative potential (−0.3, −0.2, and −0.1 V) seemed to shift to those of EBRs applied with a positive potential (+0.1 V) regardless of WW type. Therefore, positive anodic potential is an important operating factor in electroactive biofilm development and voltage generation for rapid start-up.
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Butler, Santino, Vinayak Muralidhar, Anthony Victor D'Amico, Paul L. Nguyen, Timothy Rebbeck und Brandon Arvin Virgil Mahal. „Active surveillance and watchful waiting for low-risk prostate cancer in black patients: A population-based analysis.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, Nr. 7_suppl (01.03.2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.10.
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10 Background: Evidence from clinical trials supports conservative management as an acceptable alternative to definitive therapy for low-risk prostate cancer (LRPC). The optimal approach for Black men, however, remains unclear given trial underrepresentation and concern about racial differences in disease aggressiveness. We therefore sought to determine U.S. conservative management utilization rates for Black men with LRPC. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program Prostate with Active Surveillance/Watchful Waiting (AS/WW) Database queried 50,302 LRPC patients (N = 5218 Black), diagnosed from 2010-2015. Trends in AS/WW utilization over time were determined, stratified by race (Black versus non-Black) and number of positive biopsy cores (≤2 versus ≥3). Results: From 2010 to 2015, AS/WW utilization increased from 12.6% to 36.4% among Black men (Ptrend< 0.001) and from 14.8% to 43.3% among non-Black men (Ptrend< 0.001). AS/WW rates reached 52.0% and 57.3% by 2015 for Black (Ptrend< 0.001) and non-Black (Ptrend< 0.001) men with ≤2 positive biopsy cores, respectively. Rates continually increased for all subgroups except Black men with ≥3 positive biopsy cores, where rates plateaued at 22.9% by 2013. Conclusions: In this report from the largest U.S. population of Black LRPC patients with quality assured AS/WW data, AS/WW rates have nearly tripled for Black men from 2010-2015, suggesting AS/WW is viewed as a safe management option in all races.
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Chapman, Brent M., James E. Barrett und Terril A. Nell. „Water Relations and Growth of Catharanthus roseus `Cooler Peppermint' as Influenced by Moisture Stress Conditioning“. HortScience 30, Nr. 4 (Juli 1995): 771E—771. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.771e.
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Catharanthus roseus `Cooler Peppermint' were grown under four different watering regimes [well-watered (WW), wilt plus 1 day (W+1), wilt plus 3 days (W+3), and wilt plus 1 day during the last 2 weeks only (L W+1)] and two different light levels [1100 and 750 μmol·m–2·s–1]. Stress treatments affected finished plant size and leaf area as well as stomatal conductance, water potential and time to wilt during two dry-down periods imposed at the end of an 8-week production cycle. W+3 plants were 50% smaller with 50% less leaf area compared to WW plants. During the second dry-down period, WW plants in high light wilted in 2 days vs 4 days for the W+3 plants. Similarly, WW plants in low light wilted in 3 days vs 6 days for the W+3 plants. The W+3 plants maintained significantly higher water potentials and greater stomatal conductances than the other treatments throughout both dry-down periods.
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Meichssner, Rafael, Nadja Stegmann, Anna-Sarah Cosin, Dagobert Sachs, Matthias Bressan, Henriette Marx, Peter Krost und Rüdiger Schulz. „Control of fouling in the aquaculture of Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus by regular desiccation“. Journal of Applied Phycology 32, Nr. 6 (07.10.2020): 4145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02274-2.
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AbstractFouling is a major problem in seaweed aquaculture and one of the main obstacles during the domestication process for new culture species. During first attempts to cultivate Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus in the Kiel fjord (Western Baltic Sea), fouling by the epizoans Electra pilosa, Mytilus sp., and Amphibalanus improvisus rendered the production of marketable biomass impossible. This study tested (1) if regular desiccation by air exposure is effective in decreasing the abundance and size of foulers and (2) if and how regular desiccation affects the growth performance of the cultivated Fucus thalli. For this purpose, thalli of F. vesiculosus and F. serratus were cultivated freely floating in baskets directly deployed in the fjord and desiccated to defined percentages of the wet weight (ww) by air exposure. The treatments comprised controls and desiccations of different intensities (from 90 to 40% of ww) and at different frequencies (1× week−1, 3× week−1). Growth rates of both Fucus species were not or only slightly reduced by the desiccation treatments. The final harvested biomass of F. vesiculosus under frequent mild desiccations (3× week−1 to 80% of ww) was even higher than the biomass of undesiccated controls. The size of the epizoans E. pilosa and A. improvisus was significantly reduced by the desiccation treatments and the abundance of all epizoan species was drastically reduced by the desiccation regimes. Frequent mild desiccations (F. vesiculosus: 3× week−1 to 80% of ww, F. serratus: 3× week−1 to 90% of ww) proved to be most effective and decreased the epizoan ww share of the total harvest from 13.0 ± 4.8% in the control to 1.8 ± 0.2% for F. vesiculosus and from 19.1 ± 2.7 to 1.0 ± 0.1% for F. serratus. Thus, desiccation seems to be an effective measure for the production of clean Fucus biomass in culture which is necessary for further valorization. A technical solution for the implementation of this procedure in large-scale cultures remains to be developed.
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Bartkiene, Elena, Vytaute Starkute, Egle Zokaityte, Dovile Klupsaite, Ernestas Mockus, Vadims Bartkevics, Anastasija Borisova, Romas Gruzauskas, Žilvinas Liatukas und Vytautas Ruzgas. „Comparison Study of Nontreated and Fermented Wheat Varieties ‘Ada’, ‘Sarta’, and New Breed Blue and Purple Wheat Lines Wholemeal Flour“. Biology 11, Nr. 7 (27.06.2022): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11070966.
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The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the acidity, microbiological, and chromaticity parameters; fatty acid (FA) and volatile compound (VC) profiles; and biogenic amine (BA), macro- and microelement, and mycotoxin concentrations in nontreated ‘Ada’, ‘Sarta’, and new breed blue (DS8472-5) and purple (DS8526-2) wheat lines wholemeal (WW) with those fermented with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) possessing antimicrobial/antifungal properties, isolated from spontaneous sourdough: Pediococcus acidilactici-LUHS29, Liquorilactobacillus uvarum-LUHS245, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-LUHS122). All the fermented WW showed >8.0 log10 CFU/g of LAB count, and the type of LAB was a significant factor in the WW acidity parameters. Phenylethylamine was the predominant BA in WW, and the wheat variety (WV), the type of LAB, and their interaction were significant factors on the BA formation. Despite the fact that some differences in trace element concentrations in WW were obtained, in most of the cases fermentation was not a significant factor in their content. The main FAs in WW were palmitic acid, all-cis,trans-octadecenoic acid, and linoleic acid. Fermented WW showed a more diverse VC profile; however, the influence of fermentation on deoxynivalenol in WW was varied. Finally, further studies are needed to indicate the technological parameters that would be the most effective for each WV, including the lowest BA formation and mycotoxin degradation.
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NITSCH, Roberto, Tina DI PALMA, Anna MASCIA und Mariastella ZANNINI. „WBP-2, a WW domain binding protein, interacts with the thyroid-specific transcription factor Pax8“. Biochemical Journal 377, Nr. 3 (01.02.2004): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031233.
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The Pax gene family encodes transcription factors that are essential in organogenesis and in the differentiation of various organs in higher eukaryotes. Pax proteins have a DNA binding domain at the N-terminus, and a transcriptional activation domain at the C-terminus. How these domains interact with the transcriptional machinery of the cell is still unclear. In the present paper, we describe the identification by means of immunological screening of the WW domain binding protein WBP-2 as a biochemical interactor of Pax8 (a WW domain is a protein-interaction domain containing two conserved tryptophan residues). Pax8 is required for the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland and for the maintenance of the thyroid differentiated cellular phenotype. WBP-2 was identified originally as a WW domain binding protein, and its function is still unknown. WBP-2 binds to Pax8 in vitro in pulldown assays, and in vivo in tissue culture cells in co-immunoprecipitation assays. Interestingly, Pax8 does not contain a WW domain. Our results point to the identification of a new protein-interacting domain that is present in the C-terminal portion of Pax8 and that is required for protein–protein interaction with WBP-2. Our results demonstrate that WBP-2 is not a transcriptional co-activator of Pax8, but rather behaves as an adaptor molecule, as suggested in other studies.
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Alalam, Sabine, Julien Chamberland, Alexia Gravel, Véronique Perreault, Michel Britten, Yves Pouliot, Steve Labrie und Alain Doyen. „Valorization of Concentrated Dairy White Wastewater by Reverse Osmosis in Model Cheese Production“. Dairy 3, Nr. 2 (11.04.2022): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy3020020.
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Treatment of dairy white wastewater (WW) by reverse osmosis (RO) is usually performed to generate process water and to reclaim dairy components for their valorization. For this study, a mixture of pasteurized milk and WW from a dairy plant was concentrated by RO to achieve a protein concentration similar to that of skimmed milk. Retentates, which are concentrated WW, were used in the preparation of cheese milk. The effect of using model concentrated WW was evaluated on (1) the soluble–colloidal equilibrium between protein and salt, (2) the milk-coagulation kinetics, and (3) the cheese composition and yield. An economic assessment was also carried out to support the decision-making process for implementing a new RO system in a dairy plant for the valorization of dairy WW. The results showed that substituting more than 50% of the amount of cheese milk with model pasteurized WW concentrates decreased the moisture-adjusted cheese yield and impaired the coagulation kinetics. Excessive cheese moisture was observed in cheeses that were made from 50% and 100% model WW concentrates, correlating with a change in the soluble–colloidal equilibrium of salts, especially in calcium. To achieve sustainable and economic benefits, the ratio of added WW concentrates to cheese milk must be less than 50%. However, for such an investment to be profitable to a dairy plant within 0.54 years, a large-size plant must generate 200 m3 of WW per day with at least 0.5% of total solids, as the economic analysis specific to our case suggests.
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Tomezzoli, G. T., und S. Colliou. „The WW II Saint-Pabu German Radar Camp-2“. Archaeological Discovery 06, Nr. 02 (2018): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ad.2018.62006.
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Mahal, Amandeep R., Santino Butler, Idalid Ivy Franco, Luke Roy George Pike, Shuang Zhao, Nina Niu Sanford, Robert Timothy Dess et al. „Conservative management of low-risk prostate cancer among young versus older men in the United States: Trends and outcomes from a novel national database.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, Nr. 7_suppl (01.03.2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.12.
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12 Background: The optimal management for men age ≤55 with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) is debated given quality of life implications with definitive treatment versus potential missed opportunity for cure with conservative management. We sought to define rates of conservative management for low-risk PCa and associated short-term outcomes in young versus older men in the United States (U.S.). Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Prostate with Active Surveillance/Watchful Waiting (AS/WW) Database identified 50,302 men diagnosed with low-risk PCa from 2010-2015. AS/WW rates in the U.S. were stratified by age (≤55 versus ≥56). Prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM)and overall mortality were defined by initial management type (AS/WW versus definitive treatment [referent]) and age. This non-public data was released by the SEER custom data group. Results: AS/WW utilization increased from 8.61% in 2010 to 34.56% in 2015 among men age ≤55 (Ptrend< 0.001) and from 15.99% to 43.81% among men age ≥56 (Ptrend< 0.001). Among patients with ≤2 positive biopsy cores, AS/WW rates increased from 12.90% to 48.78% for men age ≤55 and from 21.85% to 58.01% for men age ≥56. Among patients with ≥3 positive biopsy cores, AS/WW rates increased from 3.89% to 22.45% for men age ≤55 and from 10.05% to 28.49% for men age ≥56 (all Ptrend< 0.001). Five-year PCSM rates were below 0.30% across age and initial management type subgroups. Conclusions: AS/WW rates quadrupled for patients age ≤55 from 2010-2015, with favorable short-term outcomes. These findings demonstrate the short-term safety and increasing acceptance of AS/WW for both younger and older patients. However, there are still higher absolute rates of AS/WW in older patients (P < 0.001), suggesting some national ambivalence toward AS/WW in younger patients.
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Dong, Ning, Hayder Saeed, Leidy Isenalumhe, Franco Castillo Tokumori, Bijal Shah, Sameh Gaballa, Celeste Bello, Lubomir Sokol, Javier Pinilla Ibarz und Julio C. Chavez. „Initial Treatment Vs Watch and Wait in Advanced-Stage Follicular Lymphoma in the Rituximab Era - an Analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB)“. Blood 136, Supplement 1 (05.11.2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138749.
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Background: Randomized trials in the pre-rituximab era showed that watch and wait (WW) when compared to initial treatment (IT) for asymptomatic advanced-stage follicular lymphoma (FL) did not impact overall survival (OS). In the rituximab era, a randomized trial showed patients with advanced-stage, asymptomatic, low-burden FL were less likely to need chemotherapy at 3 years when treated with rituximab only at diagnosis compared to WW, however with no difference in OS (Ardeshna et al., 2014). In another analysis, there was no impact of WW compared to IT on the time to next anti-lymphoma therapy (Solal-Celigny et al., 2012). However, the existing studies were limited by sample sizes and not powered by survival. In addition, few patients with grade 3a FL were included, thus it is not clear if pathological grades (other than grade 3b) should be taken into consideration when choosing WW vs IT. Here we studied the outcomes of WW vs IT for patients with advanced-stage (stage III/IV) FL using the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and compared the outcomes by FL pathological grades. Methods: Patients diagnosed between 2011-2016 were included. We only included patients diagnosed after 2011 (when rituximab was FDA approved for FL as maintenance) so our results reflect the current management of FL. To ensure accurate reporting of IT, only patients who were diagnosed and initially managed at the reporting facility were included. Demographic characteristics were compared using Chi-square test for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables. Univariate comparison of OS was conducted using Logrank test. Multivariate survival analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazard model with the following covariates: age, gender, race, Hispanic ethnicity, stage, grade, existence of previous malignancies, comorbidity score, facility type, facility lymphoma patient volume, urban/rural location, education, income and insurance status. Results: A total of 14417 patients with stage III/IV FL were included. Among them, 10755 received IT (74.6%) and 3662 (25.4%) were managed by WW at diagnosis. For those who received IT, the median time to treatment was 35 days (IQR 22-56 days). Preliminary analyses showed that patients with grade 1 FL and grade 2 FL were managed similarly and had similar OS, therefore we combined grade 1 and grade 2 into grade 1-2 FL as opposed to grade 3 FL. A total of 13050 patients had grade 1-2 FL and 4286 patients had grade 3 FL. Patients with grade 1-2 FL were more likely to be managed by WW than those with grade 3 FL (29.8% vs 12.5%, respectively; p<0.01). Patients on WW were older, more likely to be female, more likely to have previous malignancies, had higher education and income, and more likely to have private insurance or Medicare than Medicaid or no insurance (Table 1). Patients with grade 1-2 FL had similar OS when managed by WW compared to IT (5-year OS rate: 76.3% vs 76.2%, respectively; p=0.32; Figure 1). In contrast, patients with grade 3 FL had worse OS when managed by WW compared to IT (5-year OS rate: 65.3% vs 73.5%; p<0.001; Figure 2). In multivariate analysis, the interaction term between grade and management was significant (p=0.005), confirming that initial management affected OS in different ways for grade 1-2 FL and grade 3 FL after adjusting for the covariates. Consistent with the results of the univariate analysis, after adjusting for covariates, grade 1-2 FL had similar survival when managed by WW compared to IT (HR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.82-1.05; p=0.25) but grade 3 FL had worse survival when managed by WW (HR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.14-1.82; p=0.002). Other factors associated with OS are listed in Table 2. Conclusion: Our study confirms the findings of lack of OS benefits in patients with advanced stage, grade 1-2 FL when treated with WW versus IT. In contrast, patients with advanced stage, grade 3 FL had worse OS with WW approach. While the NCDB does not separate grade 3 FL into 3a and 3b, it is assumed that FL 3b is universally managed as DLBCL and receive IT given its more aggressive course. Under this assumption, all grade 3 FL patients on WW were likely grade 3a. Thus, our results suggest that grade 3a FL patients on WW had worse OS compared to grade 3 FL patients who received IT (see Figure 2 and its footnote for illustration). Although a definitive conclusion cannot be made regarding grade 3a FL, further studies to compare the outcome of WW vs IT with special focus on stage 3a FL are warranted. Disclosures Shah: NCCN: Vice-Chair, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Working Group: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kite/Gilead, Precision Biosciences, Novartis, AstraZeneca: Other: TRAVEL, ACCOMMODATIONS, EXPENSES; Kite/Gilead, Celgene/Juno/BMS, Novartis, Pfizer, Amgen, Spectrum/Acrotech, Precision Biosciences, Beigene, AstraZeneca, Pharmacyclics/Jansen, Adaptive: Honoraria; Moffitt Cancer Center: Current Employment; Kite/Gilead, Jazz, Incyte: Research Funding. Bello:Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Sokol:EUSA Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Kymera Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kyowa/Kirin Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Pinilla Ibarz:Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Sunesis Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Chavez:Karyopharm: Consultancy; BeiGene: Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding; Morphosys: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Genentech: Speakers Bureau; Epizyme: Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy; Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Verastem: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy.
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Lin, Wenjie, Ian Jun Yan Wee, Isaac Seow-En, Aik Yong Chok und Emile Kwong-Wei Tan. „Survival outcomes of salvage surgery in the watch-and-wait approach for rectal cancer with clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis“. Annals of Coloproctology 39, Nr. 6 (31.12.2023): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.01221.0174.
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Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the outcomes of the watch-and-wait (WW) approach versus radical surgery (RS) in rectal cancers with clinical complete response (cCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Methods: This study followed the PRISMA guidelines. Major databases were searched to identify relevant articles. WW and RS were compared through meta-analyses of pooled proportions. Primary outcomes included overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local recurrence, and distant metastasis rates. Pooled salvage surgery rates and outcomes were also collected. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was employed to assess the risk of bias.Results: Eleven studies including 1,112 rectal cancer patients showing cCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiation were included. Of these patients, 378 were treated nonoperatively with WW, 663 underwent RS, and 71 underwent local excision. The 2-year OS (risk ratio [RR], 0.95; P = 0.94), 5-year OS (RR, 2.59; P = 0.25), and distant metastasis rates (RR, 1.05; P = 0.80) showed no significant differences between WW and RS. Local recurrence was more frequent in the WW group (RR, 6.93; P < 0.001), and 78.4% of patients later underwent salvage surgery (R0 resection rate, 97.5%). The 2-year DFS (RR, 1.58; P = 0.05) and 5-year DFS (RR, 2.07; P = 0.02) were higher among RS cases. However, after adjustment for R0 salvage surgery, DFS showed no significant between-group difference (RR, 0.82; P = 0.41).Conclusion: Local recurrence rates are higher for WW than RS, but complete salvage surgery is often possible with similar long-term outcomes. WW is a viable strategy for rectal cancer with cCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiation, but further research is required to improve patient selection.
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Willard, Naomi C., Nicole K. Moest, Caleb M. Shull, Denny McKilligan und Mike Ellis. „180 Effect of Providing Liquid Milk Replacer During Lactation to Litters of Different Size on Piglet Pre-Weaning Performance“. Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_2 (28.10.2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.001.
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Abstract Larger litter sizes in commercial sows are generally associated with greater pre-weaning mortality (PWM) and lower piglet weaning weight (WW). Providing liquid milk replacer (MR) to piglets during lactation has been advocated for reducing PWM and increasing WW. The objective was to evaluate the effect of providing MR (using an automated feeder) to litters of different size on PWM and WW. A split-plot design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used: 1) MR [main plot; No Supplement (NS) vs. Supplement (SU)]; 2) Litter Size [LS; sub-plot; LOW (4 piglets less than functional teat number) vs. HIGH (2 piglets greater than functional teat number)]. Each MR feeder was available to 2 litters, one on the LOW and one on the HIGH LS treatment. There were 26 sows and litters per MR and LS treatment. Cross-fostering was carried out 24 hours after birth to create LS treatment litters which had similar gender ratio, proportion of cross-fostered piglets, and average and CV of piglet birth weight. Milk replacer was available from 24 hours after birth (day 1; start of study) to weaning (day 20; end of study). Piglets were weighed at the start and end; all PWM was recorded. Piglet weight data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS; PWM data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX. Models accounted for the fixed effects of MR, LS, and the interaction, and random effects of replicate and replicate by MR interaction. There was a MR by LS treatment interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for total litter WW and PWM (Table 1). The MR treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on total litter WW for the LOW LS treatment; however, for the HIGH LS treatment total litter WW was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for the SU than the NS treatment. For the NS treatment, PWM was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for the HIGH than the LOW treatment; however, PWM did not differ (P > 0.05) between the LS treatments for litters that had access to MR. There was no effect (P ≤ 0.05) of MR treatment on litter size or average piglet weight at the start and end of the study. The HIGH LS treatment had greater (P ≤ 0.05) litter size at the start and end of the study, but less (P ≤ 0.05) average piglet WW. In conclusion, increasing litter size above sow functional teat number had negative effects on piglet WW. In addition, providing MR to litters during lactation increased total litter WW in the HIGH but not LOW LS treatment. These results also suggest that providing MR reduced the negative effect of the larger litter size on PWM; however, further research is needed to validate this finding.
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Morris, Jenny, Mike Ellis und Caleb M. Shull. „PSII-3 Effect of Room Temperature Regimen on Growth Performance and Mortality of Newly-Weaned Pigs“. Journal of Animal Science 101, Supplement_2 (28.10.2023): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skad341.297.
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Abstract Current recommended room temperatures for newly weaned pigs are based on historical research carried out several years ago. Since that time, major changes have occurred in the genotype of the pigs and in the management and the housing environment. This study was carried out to determine if a temperature regimen based on the choice of temperature of the pigs would improve post-weaning performance of pigs of different weaning weights. This study was carried out over the first 4 weeks after weaning (21 ± 1 d) using a split-plot design with 2 treatments: 1) Room Temperature Regimen (RT; main plot; Preferred vs. Control); 2) Weaning Weight (WW; subplot; Light vs. Heavy). Room temperatures for the Preferred treatment were 32, 32, 30, and 28℃ for wk 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the study, respectively. Room temperatures for the Control treatment (based on current recommendations) were 28, 26, 24, and 22℃ for week 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the study, respectively. The WW treatments were based on the lightest and heaviest pigs, respectively, from each litter. Four identical rooms of a wean-to-finish facility were used (2 rooms/RT treatment); 256 newly weaned pigs were housed in mixed-sex pens of 8 (16 pens/RT treatment) at a floor space of 0.78 m2/pig. Growth performance (ADG, ADFI, G:F) and mortality were measured over the 4-wk study period. The average start and end weight was 4.6 ± 0.32 kg and 12.7 ± 0.89 kg, respectively, for the Light WW treatment and was 6.4 ± 0.40 kg and 15.8 ± 1.47 kg, respectively for the Heavy WW treatment. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between RT and WW for growth performance measures. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of RT on overall growth performance. Light WW pigs had less (P < 0.05) overall ADG (0.29 vs. 0.34 kg; SEM 0.009) and ADFI (0.40 vs. 0.46 kg; SEM 0.010) but similar G:F (0.733 vs. 0.739 kg; SEM 0.0115) compared with Heavy WW pigs. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between the RT and WW treatments for overall mortality. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of RT for Heavy WW pigs (3.1 vs. 1.6 % for the Preferred and Control treatments, respectively; SEM = 1.89); however, mortality was less (P < 0.05) for Light pigs on the Preferred than on the Control treatment (1.6 vs. 7.8 %, respectively; SEM 1.89). In conclusion, the Preferred RT treatment did not impact growth performance in the first 4 weeks after weaning but reduced mortality of pigs of light, but not heavy weaning weight. This finding warrants verification under commercial conditions.
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Singh, Y., und V. Ravindran. „Influence of method of wheat inclusion and pellet diameter on performance, nutrient utilisation, digestive tract measurements and carcass characteristics of broilers“. Animal Production Science 55, Nr. 4 (2015): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13489.
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The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of method of wheat inclusion and pellet diameter on performance, nutrient utilisation, digestive tract development and carcass characteristics of broilers. The experimental design was a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, which included three diet forms, namely ground wheat (GW) and 200 g/kg whole wheat (WW) replacing GW before or after pelleting, and two pellet diameters (3.0 and 4.76 mm). Experimental diets were offered ad libitum from Day 11 to Day 35 post-hatch. Pellet durability index was higher (P < 0.05) in GW diets and deteriorated (P < 0.05) with pre-pelleting inclusion of WW when the larger die was used. Larger pellet diameter increased (P < 0.05) the weight gain and lowered (P < 0.05) feed per gain of birds fed diets with GW and post-pellet inclusion of WW. However, in birds fed diets with pre-pelleting inclusion of WW, the larger pellet diameter lowered (P < 0.05) feed intake and weight gain, and increased (P < 0.05) feed per gain. Relative gizzard weight was increased (P < 0.05) by larger pellet diameter with pre-pelleting inclusion of WW, but was unaffected (P > 0.05) in diets containing GW or post-pellet inclusion of WW. Irrespective of the method of WW inclusion, larger pellet diameter increased (P < 0.05) the apparent metabolisable energy and ileal starch digestibility. Larger pellet diameter was associated with reductions (P < 0.05) in the relative length and weight of all components of the digestive tract in GW-fed birds, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on these parameters in birds fed WW diets. Larger pellet diameter increased (P < 0.05) carcass yield in the GW group, reduced (P < 0.05) in the pre-pelleting WW group and had no effect in the post-pelleting WW group. Overall, these results showed that the effect of pellet diameter on broiler performance varied depending on the form of wheat and method of WW inclusion. Adverse effects on weight gain in the pre-pelleting WW group were due primarily to reduced feed intake resulting from poor pellet quality.
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Muta, Tsuyoshi, Takeshi Okatani, Mitsuhiro Itagaki, Yoshimasa Suetsugu, Masaaki Noda, Tasuya Terasaki, Yu Kochi et al. „Significance of Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor to Predict Prognosis and Support Decision-Making on Watchful Waiting for Stage II-IV Follicular Lymphoma Patients in the Rituximab Era“. Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29.11.2018): 5321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116016.
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Abstract Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) shows indolent clinical course and the optimal management strategy includes watchful waiting (WW). To define prognostic models for WW in clinical practice, we focused on serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in the era of rituximab (R). Methods: To evaluate risk stratification of patients with FL, we employed the current retrospective study. The data and follow-up information of patients were collected from three medical centers. The diagnosis of FL is made by the WHO criteria. Eligible patients were aged 18-90 years, previously untreated, and diagnosed between 2004 and 2016. WW was considered as an initial approach for patients with asymptomatic, no organ damage by lymphoma, or lacking bulky disease. Progression-free survival from diagnosis (PFS1) was defined as the time from diagnosis to disease progression requiring therapy in WW, first progression after frontline active therapy, or death from any cause. Progression free survival after active therapy (PFSA) was defined as the time from anti-lymphoma therapy to progression or death, and PFS2 was defines as the time from diagnosis to secondary progression or death from any cause. This study was approved by the independent ethics committee or institutional review board at participating institutions. Results: Total 291 patients with newly diagnosed FL with stage II-IV and with grade 1-3a were included. Of these, 12.7% of patients were older than 75 years, 45% were men, 62.5% had stage IV disease, 18.9% were elevated LDH, 16.7% were beta 2-microglobulin (B2m) beyond 3 mg/L, 7.2% were grade3a, and 32.0% were FLIPI-high. The serum levels of B2m and sIL-2R were measured in each center, and the examination rates were 88.6% and 100%, respectively. In a simple linear regression, statistic correlation between serum B2m and sIL-2R of individual patients were confirmed with R-squared of 0.4 and P-value of <0.001. The sIL-2R of 1000 IU/mL was correlated with B2m of nearly 1.2 mg/L. The proportion of patients with sIL-2R ≤500, >500 ≤1000, and >1000 were 18.9%, 26.8%, and 54.3%, respectively. Total 89 patients (30.6%) had a first-line management strategy of WW, and during the median follow-up of 6.9 years, 52 patients required active therapy consisted of R-CHOP like (100%). The other 202 patients received frontline active therapy, included R-CHOP like (82.7%), R-CVP (12.9%), R-bendamustine (1%), or R-monotherapy (3.4%), and only 5 patients received R-maintenance. With a median follow-up of 5.5 years, there were 8 deaths in WW and 22 in frontline active therapy, demonstrating no difference in overall survival (P = 0.3). Based on multivariate analysis, factors associated with PFS1 are sIL-2R of ≤500, >500 ≤1000 IU/mL, and >1000 IU/mL (HR, 1.34; 95% CI 1.03-1.74) and stage IV (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.11-2.63), while gender, age >75 years, B2m >3.0 mg/L, elevated LDH, and histological grade were not significant. When divided into three groups using sIL-2R, 6-year PFS1 were 74.2%, 51.4%, and 40.3%, respectively (P <0.001) in the entire patients, and were 65.2%, 41.4%, and 20.7%, respectively (P <0.001) among patients with WW. Overall, PFS1 of patients with WW was not so favorable as those with frontline active therapy (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.01-2.02, P = 0.043), but PFS2 was equivalent (HR 1.57; 95% CI 0.76-3.27, P = 0.22). Among patients with sIL-2R ≤1000 IU/L, 6-year PFS1 was equally favorable in patients with WW compared to frontline active therapy (51.9% vs. 70.4%, P = 0.06; Figure 1), and 6-year PFSA was also equally favorable (80.6% vs. 67.7%, P = 0.75). On the contrary, among patients with sIL-2R >1000 IU/L, WW was associated with inferior PFS1 (HR 3.00; 95% CI 1.48-3.89; Figure 1) and PFS2 (HR 2.87; 95% CI 1.25-6.60) compared with frontline active therapy. The rate of histological transformation (HT) was similar: 5 in WW vs. 4 in frontline active therapy (P = 0.1). Median time to HT from diagnosis was 6.0 years (1.2-7.0) in WW, which was quite longer compared to 1.3 years (0.3-1.8) in frontline active therapy (P = 0.01). Secondary myeloid malignancies had developed in 4 patients at median 3.6 years (2.5-6.2) after frontline active therapy. Conclusion: For FL patients, the usefulness of sIL-2R is demonstrated for predicting intervals from starting WW until therapy requirements. In addition to general guidelines, the variable of sIL-2R ≤1000 IU/L at diagnosis was the simple indicator to recommend WW to postpone active therapy without impairing prognosis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Verhoeff, Sarah, Suzanne C. van Es, Sjoerd G. Elias, Sophie Gerritse, Lindsay Angus, Sjoukje Oosting, Sandra Heskamp et al. „Prediction of watchful waiting in newly diagnosed metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients with a good or intermediate prognosis.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, Nr. 15_suppl (20.05.2020): 5079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.5079.
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5079 Background: In metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC), the number of International Metastatic Database Consortium (IMDC) risk factors plus metastatic sites may identify patients with rapid or slow disease progression in a period of watchful waiting (WW) (median WW of 8.4 vs 22.2 months; Rini et al. Lancet Oncol. 2016). We aimed to validate this and prospectively assess the added value of baseline PET with [18F]FDG and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-girentuximab to predict the WW-period in the multicenter IMaging PAtients for Cancer drug selecTion (IMPACT)-RCC cohort study. (NCT02228954). Methods: Between February 2015 and March 2018, 40 treatment-naïve mccRCC patients with a good (n=13) or intermediate prognosis (n=25) according to IMDC, were enrolled. Following baseline CT, [18F]FDG and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-girentuximab-PET, CT scans (RECIST1.1) were acquired at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 months and thereafter every 4 months. Primary endpoint was time to radiological and/or clinical disease progression, requiring systemic treatment. Patients were assigned to a favorable (<2 IMDC risk factors and <3 metastatic sites) or unfavorable for WW-group (all others; Rini et al). Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were measured in PET-positive lesions measuring ≥10mm, or 15mm in lymph nodes. High and low-uptake groups were defined based on median geometric mean (gm) SUVmax across patients. A one-sided test was used to validate observations by Rini et al; other tests were two-sided. Results: The median WW-period was 9.3 months in the unfavorable WW-group (n=19) vs 20.4 months in the favorable WW-group (n=21) (HR 1.89 95%CI 0.94-3.89; p=0.037), confirming observations of Rini et al. Patients with high [18F]FDG uptake had a median WW-period of 8.5 months compared to 25.2 months in the low-uptake group (HR 4.08 95%CI 1.89-9.28; p=0.0002). Patients with high [89Zr]Zr-DFO-girentuximab uptake had a median WW-period of 10.7 versus 16.4 months in the low-uptake group (HR 1.37; 95%CI 0.69-2.76; p=0.37). [18F]FDG uptake groups improved a Cox-model for WW based on the prognostic groups of Rini et al (p=0.0015); [89Zr]Zr-DFO-girentuximab did not (p=0.98). Conclusions: The IMPACT-RCC study validated the observations by Rini et al. and shows that adding baseline [18F]FDG PET further improves the prediction of the duration of the WW-period in mccRCC patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02228954 .
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Goldmann, Júlia. „A két világháború alatti fogászati ellátás“. Kaleidoscope history 11, Nr. 23 (2021): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.23.203-224.
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Dentistry played an important role during World War (WW) 1 and WW 2. The significance of military dental treatments was not recognised initially, but during the first years of WW 1, the commanders realized well its importance. With progressing the war the need for organised military dental service became more and more emphasised. Both WWs had a considerable effect on dentistry, as novel methods (e.g. in oral surgery), materials and tools were implemented during this era. Dentistry developed rapidly throughout the years of the WWs and the improvement continues in our days too.
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Nauman, Shazia, Connie Zheng und Saima Naseer. „Job insecurity and work–family conflict“. International Journal of Conflict Management 31, Nr. 5 (09.03.2020): 729–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-09-2019-0159.
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Purpose Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study aims to investigate the processes underlying the linkages between job insecurity (JI) and work–family conflict (WFC) from a stress perspective, focusing on the mediating role of subordinates' work withdrawal (WW) and emotional exhaustion (EE). Specifically, the authors tested two distinct mediating mechanisms, namely, WW and EE that have received less attention in testing the JI and WFC linkage. The authors also tested the variable of perceived organizational justice (POJ) to moderate these relationships. Design/methodology/approach Survey data collected at Time 1 and Time 2 included 206 professionals from different occupational sectors. The authors study independent variable (i.e. JI), moderator (POJ) and mediator (WW) were measured at Time-1, whereas the other mediator (EE) and outcome (WFC) were tapped by the same respondent at Time-2 with a time interval of one month between them. Findings The findings suggest that subordinates’ EE and WW mediate the relationship between JI and WFC. Further, the authors found that EE is a relatively more effective mechanism than WW in explaining how and why JI translates into WFC. The results of the moderated mediation analysis revealed that the indirect effect of JI on WFC is strengthened when POJ is low. Practical implications JI has adverse consequences on the employees’ well-being and a cost to the organization in terms of WW. HR and top management should anticipate the negative influence of WW and EE and should focus on nurturing positive work–family climates to help reduce WFCs. Managers should give employees opportunities for participation and foster a climate of fairness in the organization to mitigate the harmful consequences of JI. Originality/value This study contributes to the employees’ burnout, counter work behavior and the WFC literature. By introducing EE and WW as underlying mechanisms and identifying POJ as a work contextual variable to explain the JI – WFC relationship, the authors extend the nomological network of JI. The authors respond to the calls by prior researchers as little research has examined how perceived fairness (unfairness) can induce WFC.
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Fracassetti, Daniela, Sara Limbo, Natalia Messina, Luisa Pellegrino und Antonio Tirelli. „Light-Struck Taste in White Wine: Protective Role of Glutathione, Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrolysable Tannins“. Molecules 26, Nr. 17 (31.08.2021): 5297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175297.
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Light exposure of white wine can cause a light-struck taste (LST), a fault induced by riboflavin (RF) and methionine (Met) leading to the formation of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), including methanethiol (MeSH) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). The study aimed to investigate the impact of different antioxidants, i.e., sulfur dioxide (SO2), glutathione (GSH) and chestnut tannins (CT), on preventing LST in model wine (MW) and white wine (WW), both containing RF and Met. Both MW and WW samples were added with the antioxidants, either individually or in different combinations, prior to 2-h light exposure and they were stored in the dark for 24 months. As expected, the light induced the degradation of RF in all the conditions assayed. Met also decreased depending on the antioxidants added. The presence of antioxidants limited the formation of LST as lower concentrations of VSCs were found in both MW and WW samples. In the latter matrix, neither MeSH nor DMDS were detected in the presence of CT, while only DMDS was found in WW+GSH, WW+SO2+GSH and WW+CT+SO2 samples at a concentration lower than the perception thresholds. Considering the antioxidants individually, the order of their effectiveness was CT ≥ GSH > SO2 in WW under the adopted experimental conditions. The results indicate tannins as an effective enological tool for preventing LST in white wine and their use will be further investigated in different white wines under industrial scale.
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Carter, Corey A., Timothy Donahue, Leon Sun, Hongyu Wu, David G. McLeod, Christopher Amling, Raymond Lance et al. „Temporarily Deferred Therapy (watchful waiting) for Men Younger Than 70 Years and With Low-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer in the Prostate-Specific Antigen Era“. Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, Nr. 21 (01.11.2003): 4001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.04.092.
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Purpose: Watchful waiting (WW) is an acceptable strategy for managing prostate cancer (PC) in older men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has resulted in a stage migration, with diagnoses made in younger men. An analysis of the Department of Defense Center for Prostate Disease Research Database was undertaken to document younger men with low- or intermediate-grade PC who initially chose WW. Patients and Methods: We identified men choosing WW who were diagnosed between January 1991 and January 2002, were 70 years or younger, had a Gleason score ≤ 6 with no Gleason pattern 4, had no more than three positive cores on biopsy, and whose clinical stage was ≤ T2 and PSA level was ≤ 20. We analyzed their likelihood of remaining on WW, the factors associated with secondary treatment, and the influence of comorbidities. Results: Three hundred thirteen men were identified. Median follow-up time was 3.8 years. Median age was65.4 years (range, 41 to 70 years). Ninety-eight patients remained on WW; 215 proceeded to treatment. A total of 57.3% and 73.2% chose treatment within the first 2 and 4 years, respectively. Median PSA doubling time (DT) was 2.5 years for those who underwent therapy; those remaining on WW had a median DT of 25.8 years. The type of secondary treatment was associated with the number of patient’s comorbidities (P = .012). Conclusion: Younger patients who choose WW seemed more likely to receive secondary treatment than older patients. PSA DTs often predict the use of secondary treatment. The number of comorbidities a patient has influences the type of secondary therapy chosen. The WW strategy may better be termed temporarily deferred therapy.
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Yuda, Sayako, Dai Maruyama, Akiko Miyagi Maeshima, Shin-ichi Makita, Hideaki Kitahara, Miyamoto Ken-ichi, Suguru Fukuhara et al. „Influence of the Watch and Wait Strategy on the Clinical Outcome in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma in the Rituximab Era“. Blood 124, Nr. 21 (06.12.2014): 4475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4475.4475.
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Abstract Introduction The watch and wait (WW) strategy has been regarded as one of the standard approaches in patients with asymptomatic follicular lymphoma (FL) regardless of their tumor burden. However, the impacts of initial WW on treatment efficacy, outcomes and histologic transformation in FL patients in the rituximab era remain elusive. Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed 348 consecutive patients who were initially diagnosed as having FL of grade 1 to 3a at our institution between 2000 and 2012. We analyzed time to treatment failure (TTF), and compared patients who underwent treatment following WW with those who immediately received treatment without WW. Both overall survival (OS) and time to transformation in the WW cohort and the immediate treatment cohort were also analyzed. In this particular study, TTF was defined as the time from diagnosis until progression after the initiation of first treatment. Results In all 348 patients with a median age of 57 years (range: 19-85), 101 patients were initially managed with WW and 247 were immediately treated at the physician's discretion. The proportions of patients with low tumor burden according to the GELF criteria were 80% (81 patients) in the WW cohort and 47% (117 patients) in the immediate treatment cohort. The median follow-up duration of all 348 patients was 75 months (range: 7-169). In the WW cohort, 45 patients (45%) received anti-lymphoma treatment, mainly because of FL progression, after a median WW duration of 16 months (range: 3-122). The majority of patients (84% in the treatment following WW group, 77% in the immediate treatment group) received a rituximab-containing regimen. The estimated median TTF in the treatment following WW cohort and the immediate treatment cohort were 92 months (95%CI, 60.1-NA) and 85 months (95%CI, 66.3-113), respectively, which were not significantly different (P=0.336) (Figure 1). In multivariate analysis, clinical stage was the predictive factor of TTF (HR 1.18, 95% CI, 1.02-1.38, P <0.05). Neither OS rate nor cumulative risk of transformation between the WW cohort and the immediate treatment cohort was statistically significant (P=0.294 and P=0.64, respectively) (Figures 2A and 2B). As risk factors of death, clinical stage (HR2.05, 95% CI, 1.12-3.75, P <0.05), age >60years (HR 3.87, 95% CI, 1.52-9.85, P <0.05) and transformation (as a time-dependent covariate) (HR 6.15, 95%CI, 1.64-23.02, P <0.05) were detected. None of the variables was significant regarding the risk of transformation. Tumor burden based on the GELF criteria was also not detected as a risk factor for treatment failure, death or transformation. Conclusion The results of our analysis suggested that the WW strategy does not have negative impacts on TTF, OS and histologic transformation in selected patients with FL regardless of tumor burden, indicating that this strategy can still be regarded as an acceptable approach to FL patients in the rituximab era. Further investigations, especially a prospective cohort study including evaluation of the optimal timing for starting anti-lymphoma treatment following WW, are needed to confirm our results. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures Maruyama: Eisai Co., Ltd: Honoraria. Kobayashi:Behringer Ingelheim GmbH: Research Funding; Ohtsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd: Research Funding; ARIAD Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd: Research Funding. Tobinai:Chugai Pharmaceutical: Research Funding; Zenyaku Kogyo: Research Funding.
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Morales, Daniela, Tim Rhodes und Kathleen M. O'Reilly. „Stakeholder Interviews to Inform Best Practice for Public Facing COVID-19 Wastewater Dashboards“. Gates Open Research 8 (03.07.2024): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.15489.1.
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Background Wastewater (WW) -based epidemiology is the detection of pathogens from wastewater, typically sewage systems. Its use gained popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic as a rapid and non-invasive way to assess infection prevalence in a population. Public facing dashboards for SARS-CoV-2 were developed in response to the discovery that RNA biomarkers were being shed in faeces before symptoms. However, there is not a standard template or guidance for countries to follow. The aim of this research is to reflect on how currently available dashboards evolved during the pandemic and identify suitable content and rationale from these experiences. Methods Interviews were carried out with implementers and users of dashboards for SARS-CoV-2 WW data across Europe and North America. The interviews addressed commonalities and inconsistencies in displaying epidemiological data of SARS-CoV-2, clinical parameters of COVID-19, data on variants, and data transparency. Results The thematic analysis identified WW dashboard elements that can facilitate standardization, or at least interoperability. These elements emphasise communication among developers under the same organization, open access for identified stakeholders, and data summarized with a time-intensive graphic analysis through normalizing at least by population. Simultaneous communication of clinical surveillance is recommended. More research is needed on flow and faecal indicators for normalization of WW data, and on the analysis and representation of variants. Discussion WW dashboard development between 2020-2023 provided a ‘real-time’ iterative process of data representation, and several recommendations have been identified. Communication of data through dashboards has the potential to support early warning systems for infectious diseases.
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Öztekin, Rukiye, und Delia Teresa Sponza. „The Removal of Sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) with Copper Oxide/Zirconium Dioxide (CuO/ZrO2) Nanocomposites by Photocatalytic Degradation in Pharmaceutical Industry Wastewaters and the Evaluation of Microtox (Aliivibrio fischeri) and Daphnia magna Acute Toxicity Assays“. Chemical Science International Journal 32, Nr. 2 (08.05.2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i2845.
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In this study, Copper oxide/zirconium dioxide (CuO/ZrO2) nanocomposites (NCs) as a photocatalys was examined during photocatalytic degradation process (PDP) in the efficient removal of Sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) from pharmaceutical industry wastewater (PI ww) plant, İzmir, Turkey. Different pH values (3.0, 4.0, 7.0, 9.0, 10.0 and 12.0), increasing SMM concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/l), increasing CuO/ZrO2 NCs concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 mg/l), different CuO/ZrO2 NCs mass ratios (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 4/4, 4/3, 3/2, 2/1), increasing recycle times (1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. and 7.) was operated during PDP in the efficient removal of SMM in PI ww. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were assessed using XRD, DRS, FESEM, EDX, FTIR, TEM and XPS analyses, respectively. The acute toxicity assays were operated with Microtox (Aliivibrio fischeri also called Vibrio fischeri) and Daphnia magna acute toxicity tests. The photocatalytic degradation mechanisms of CuO/ZrO2 NCs and the reaction kinetics of SMM were evaluated in PI ww during PDP. Cost analysis was evaluated for SMM removal with CuO/ZrO2 NCs by PDP in PI ww. ANOVA statistical analysis was used for all experimental samples. Maximum 99.6% SMM removal was obtained during PDP in PI ww, at 350 W UV-vis light irradiation power, at 147 mW/cm2 light intensity, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.2% SMM removal was found with PDP in PI ww, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.5% SMM removal was measured to 800 mg/l CuO/ZrO2 NCs with PDP in PI ww, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.4% SMM removal was measured at 4/3wt CuO/ZrO2 NCs mass ratios, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 800 mg/l CuO/ZrO2 NCs, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. Maximum 99.5% SMM recovery was measured in PI ww during PDP, after 1. recycle time, at 5 mg/l SMM, at 800 mg/l CuO/ZrO2 NCs, at 4/3wt CuO/ZrO2 NCs mass rartio, at 350 W UV-vis, at 147 mW/cm2, after 120 min, at pH=12.0 and at 25oC, respectively. 97.31% maximum Microtox acute toxicity removal was found in SMM=20 mg/l after 180 min, and at 60oC. It was observed an inhibition effect of SMM=40 mg/l to Microtox after 180 min, and at 60oC. 93.27% maximum Daphnia magna acute toxicity removal was obtained in SMM=20 mg/l after 180 min, and at 60oC, respectively. It was obtained an inhibition effect of SMM=40 mg/l to Daphnia magna after 180 min and at 60oC. As a result, the CuO/ZrO2 NCs during PDP in PI ww was stable in harsh environments such as acidic, alkaline, saline and then was still effective process. Finally, the combination of a simple, easy operation preparation process, excellent performance and cost effective, makes this CuO/ZrO2 NCs a promising option during PDP in PI ww treatment.
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Sinha, Rajni, Michelle Byrtek, Nutan J. DeJoubner, Ajay K. Nooka, Michael Taylor, James R. Cerhan, Jonathan Friedberg et al. „Examining the Outcomes of Watchful Waiting (WW) Among US Patients with Advanced Stage Follicular Lymphoma (FL)“. Blood 118, Nr. 21 (18.11.2011): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.775.775.
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Abstract Abstract 775 Introduction: WW has been an initial strategy for advanced stage FL because randomized trials showed no clear benefit for immediate initiation of therapy with single agent alkylators when compared to deferring therapy (Brice, JCO 1997; Ardeshna, Lancet 2003), although a recent trial raises questions about WW in the era of rituximab (R) based frontline therapies (Ardeshna, ASH Meeting 2010). Methods: The NLCS is a prospective, multicenter, observational study collecting data on 2,738 newly diagnosed pts with FL diagnosed from 2004–2007 at 265 US sites (80% non-academic). Initial management decisions were made by the treating physician and were categorized as WW (for pts who did not receive therapy in the 90 period following diagnoses and were coded by physicians as WW) or active therapy (AT) including: R alone, R-chemotherapy (RChemo), or other. Baseline clinical factors and treatment setting were compared for WW and AT pts using multivariable logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimation and Cox models were used to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS), time to 2nd and 3rd line management strategy (TT2, TT3), transformation-free survival (TFS), PFS following 1st AT, and overall survival (OS). Due to differences between WW and AT groups, adjusted Cox regression models are presented for the primary analysis of study endpoints controlling for sex, community vs. academic practice site, FL grade, and FLIPI. All time to event analyses were calculated from the 90 day period following diagnosis to allow enrollment in WW, and PFS was calculated from the starting point to the clinician's recording of progressive disease (PD) or death. Results: Among 1,737 pts presenting with stage III/IV FL in the analysis population, 237 underwent WW and 1,500 received AT immediately following diagnosis including: 241 pts treated with R, 1046 with RChemo, 26 with radiation, and 187 other therapies. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that the following pt characteristics were predictive of selection of WW rather than initial AT: age > 60 years, no B-symptoms, FL grade 1 or 2, ECOG PS = 0, ≤1 extranodal sites involved, and LDH ≤ULN (all p < 0.05). Median PFS and TT2 were 27 and 35 months for WW, and 64 months and not reached for AT. With a median follow-up of 55 months, 17% of WW pts and 19% of AT pts have died, with no significant difference in OS between WW and AT (p = 0.31). Compared with WW, RChemo improved PFS: adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.36, TFS: HR=0.65, TT2: HR=0.48, and TT3: HR=0.53, all p<0.01. For most of the 145 WW pts that later initiated an AT, PD was recorded as the reason for treatment (83%). ATs following WW were: R (51, 35%), RCVP (21, 14%), RCHOP (16, 11%), R + other chemo (23, 16%), investigational (15, 10%), chemo alone (9, 6%), radiation (8, 6%), BMT (1, 1%), or other therapy (1, 1%). The median PFS for R was 42 months when given at diagnosis and 55 months when given following WW. The median PFS for RChemo was 71 months when given at diagnosis and 37 months when given following WW. After adjustment for FLIPI, FL grade, sex, practice setting, and type of treatment, WW adversely affected PFS following 1st AT, H=2.02, p <0.0001. Conclusions: FL pts in the US who undergo initial WW are treated at a median of nearly 3 years. Median PFS following RChemo, but not R is shorter when utilized after period of WW than at diagnosis – albeit in different clinical circumstances. Additional follow-up is needed to assess the tradeoff of this time without therapy with as yet no observable differences in OS. Disclosures: Sinha: CELGENE: Research Funding. Friedberg:Genentech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Link:Genentech: Consultancy. Flowers:Spectrum: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium/Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech/Roche (unpaid): Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy.
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Hızlı, Hatice, Çiğdem Takma und Ertan Yazgan. „Comparison of different models for estimation of direct and maternal genetic parameters on body weights in Awassi sheep“. Archives Animal Breeding 65, Nr. 1 (17.03.2022): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-121-2022.
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Abstract. The present study was conducted to estimate the (co)variance components for birth and weaning weight (BW and WW) in 8142 Awassi sheep between 2015 and 2017. Estimates were calculated with single-trait analysis by the average information restricted maximum likelihood (AI-REML) method, using a derivative-free algorithm by fitting six different univariate animal models. The negative of the log-likelihood function (LogL), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) tests were used for selecting the best fitted model. In addition, the goodness of fit between the two models was compared with the likelihood ratio test (LRT). Depending on the models, ha2 and hm2 ranged from 0.230 to 0.240 and 0.015 to 0.033 for BW, and 0.108 to 0.168 and 0.024 to 0.081 for WW, respectively. Model 3 for BW and Model 2 for WW were chosen as the best models by LogL comparison criteria. According to the LRT ratio test Model 2, Model 3, and Model 4 for BW and Model 2, Model 3, Model 4, Model 5, and Model 6 for WW were significant (p<0.05). Including maternal genetic or maternal permanent environmental effects in these models was found to be significant in terms of parameter estimates.
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Rowland, IC, MG Mason, IA Pritchard und RJ French. „Effect of field peas and wheat on the yield and protein content of subsequent wheat crops grown at several rates of applied nitrogen“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, Nr. 5 (1994): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940641.
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The responses of wheat to various rates of N fertiliser were compared following field peas (PW) or wheat (WW) in the previous year. Seventeen trials were carried out at 5 sites between 1986 and 1991. The trials were on medium- and fine-textured soils (clay loams or shallow duplex soils). The overall grain yield of PW appeared greater than WW in 11 trials [was significantly greater in 9 (P<0.05)], and did not appear different in 6 trials. When no N was applied the yield advantage of PW was 41% (PW 1.91 t/ha cf. WW 1.37 t/ha). Quadratic response curves were fitted to all yield data. Rotation x N rate interaction was significant (P<0.05) in 10 comparisons. In 5 trials, while there was a yield increase to N fertiliser with WW, the yields decreased with PW. In 3 trials while there was an increase with WW there was no response with PW or a reduction at higher rates of N. In the remaining 2 trials there were responses with both PW and WW, but this was greater for WW. The response curves in these 10 trials either converged and met, indicating that the difference between rotations was due to N availability, or converged but did not meet, indicating that N was important but did not explain the whole difference. Where there was no interaction between rotation and N rate the response curves were parallel. The type of response could not be predicted. It was not profitable to apply N fertiliser to wheat in the PW rotation in 11 of the 17 trials. The average yield advantage of PW over WW, in the absence of N was 540 kg/ha, while there was an average increase of 1.7% grain protein.
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Chen, Jing, Ifor R. Williams, Jeffery L. Kutok, Nicole Duclos, Ema Anastasiadou, Shane C. Masters, Haian Fu und D. Gary Gilliland. „Positive and negative regulatory roles of the WW-like domain in TEL-PDGFβR transformation“. Blood 104, Nr. 2 (15.07.2004): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-01-0169.
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Abstract TEL-platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor (TEL-PDGFβR) is expressed in chronic myelomonocytic leukemias associated with t(5;12)(q33;p13), and the fusion tyrosine kinase retains a conserved WW-like domain in the PDGFβR autoinhibitory juxtamembrane region. Here we report that mutation of the 2 conserved tryptophan residues of the WW-like domain has opposing effects on TELPDGFβR kinase activation. Alanine substitution of W593, essential for protein-protein interaction in the context of other WW domains, impaired TEL-PDGFβR-mediated transformation of hematopoietic cells due to inhibition of TEL-PDGFβR kinase activity. In contrast, alanine substitution of W566, essential for structural integrity of WW domain in other contexts, had no effect on TEL-PDGFβR activation and oncogenic activity. Surprisingly, however, the W566A mutation suppressed the W593A phenotype. Double mutant W566A/W593A was indistinguishable from the wild-type fusion protein with regard to kinase activity, ability to confer factor-independent growth to Ba/F3 cells, or ability to induce a myeloproliferative disease in mice. Additional mutational analysis identified other substitutions within the WW-like domain in addition to W566A that could also suppress the W593A phenotype, including mutations predicted to diminish the autoinhibitory function of the juxtamembrane region. Therefore, the WW-like domain in the context of TELPDGFβR may have both positive and negative regulatory roles in kinase activation. (Blood. 2004;104:535-542)
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Chan, KY, und DP Heenan. „Effects of lupin on soil properties and wheat production“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, Nr. 8 (1993): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931971.
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Effect of lupin on wheat production and soil properties was evaluated on a red earth, at Wagga Wagga, N.S.W. Soil physical and chemical properties as well as soil surface aggregate stability, soil water distribution and extraction by wheat crops from a 10-year-old wheat/lupin (WL) rotation were compared with those of continuous wheat (WW), with (WW+N) and without (WW-N) nitrogen fertilizer application. Averaged wheat yield over the 1989-1990 period was 4.17, 2.95 and 3.06 t ha-1 respectively for WL, WW-N and WW+N. Despite the higher yield, important changes in soil properties have been detected in the soil under wheat/lupin rotation when compared with that under continuous wheat. The major effect was surface soil acidification and an associated loss of cations. Ten years of WL, compared with WW-N resulted in 0.2 unit reduction in pH (4 -35 v. 4.55) in 0.10-0.15 m with corresponding increases in extractable A1 and losses in exchangeable Ca2+ (17% as present in WW-N) and Mg+2 (12%). In the continuous wheat, annual application of 100 kg N ha-1 as urea resulted in much greater acidification (by 0.48 pH unit from 4.63 to 4.15 at 0.05-0.10 m) and larger losses in Ca2+ (up to 40%) and Mg2+ (up to 52%) in the top 0.2 m. Ten years of WL rotation reduced K+ by 10% in the top 0.2 m layer compared with both of the continuous wheat rotations, presumably due to higher export of K in lupin grains. Inclusion of lupin in the rotation also resulted in differences in the quality of soil organic matter. Despite similar total soil organic carbon content to WW-N, in the top 0.1 m, soil organic matter under WL had lower C/N ratio and higher polysaccharide content. Lower macroaggregate stability was found under WL compared to WW-N, but this did not result in lower soil water storage over the summer fallow during the two seasons of measurement. However, the wheat crop under WW utilized less stored subsoil water than that under WL, even under conditions of moisture stress.
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Rowland, IC, MG Mason und J. Hamblin. „Effect of lupins and wheat on the yield of subsequent wheat crops grown at several rates of applied nitrogen“. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, Nr. 1 (1988): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880091.
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The responses of wheat to various rates of application of nitrogen fertiliser were compared following lupins (WL) or wheat (WW) in the previous year. Results covered 10 sites and trials were carried out between 1979 and 1984. giving 26 site-year comparisons. The trials were on sandy or duplex (sand over clay) soils. The overall yield of WL was greater than WW on 21 occasions (significant in 10 cases, P < 0.05), less than WW on 2 occasions (both significantly) and there was no difference on 3 occasions. When no nitrogen was applied the advantage of WL was 41% (WL 1.20 t/ha and WW 0.85 t/ha). The response to nitrogen differed between trials; over all trials a quadratic model best described the responses. There were significant interactions between rotation and nitrogen rate in 10 comparisons. In 4 of these cases, response to nitrogen with WW was greater than with WL and these response curves approached I another but did not meet, indicating that both residual nitrogen from the lupins and some other benefit from the lupins were involved. In 5 cases the greater response on WW resulted in convergence with the WL response curve, suggesting that residual nitrogen explained all of the benefit of lupins. In these cases the amount ofnitrogen fertiliser required to bring the yield of WW to that of the WL without nitrogen ranged from 20 to 47 kg N/ha, with a mean of 37 kg N/ha. Parallel response curves were observed In 12 cases, indicating involvement of factors other than residual nitrogen in the response to lupins, e.g. disease cleaning effects or slow release of nitrogen throughout the season. The type of response could not be related to particular site characteristics. When quadratic coefficients were averaged to give 'average response curves', similar rates of applied nitrogen were required for maximum yields in both WW and WL, and the maximum yields were 1.23 t/ha for WW and 1.41 t/ha for WL. The average advantage of WL over WW, in the absence of nitrogen fertiliser. was 350 kg/ha.
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Yezefski, Todd, Dan Le, Leo Chen, Jeremy Snider, Caroline Speers, Sharlene Gill, Hagen F. Kennecke und Veena Shankaran. „Comparison of chemotherapy use, cost, and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in Western Washington and British Columbia.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, Nr. 18_suppl (20.06.2018): LBA3579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.18_suppl.lba3579.
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LBA3579 Background: Few studies have directly compared health care utilization, costs, and outcomes between geographically similar patients (pts) treated in the U.S.’ multi-payer health system versus Canada’s single-payer system. Using cancer registry and claims data, we assessed systemic therapy (ST) use, cost, and survival for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) pts in Western Washington (WW) and British Columbia (BC). Methods: Pts age ≥ 18 diagnosed with mCRC in 2010 and later were identified from 1) the BC Cancer Agency database and 2) a regional database linking WW SEER to claims from two large commercial insurers. Demographic and treatment characteristics for the two populations were compared using two-sample T tests. ST costs (first-line and lifetime) were expressed as mean per patient per month costs; Canadian costs were expressed in US dollars using the Purchasing Power Parity for Health in 2009. Median survival was reported for both populations. Results: 1622 BC pts and 575 WW pts were included in the analysis. BC pts were more likely to be older (median age 60 vs 66) and male (57% vs 48%, p = < 0.01). A greater proportion of WW versus BC pts received ST (79% vs. 68%, p < 0.01). FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab was the most common first-line regimen in BC (32%) while FOLFOX was the most common first-line regimen in WW (39%). The mean monthly cost of first-line therapy per patient was significantly higher in WW than BC ($12,345 vs $6,195, p = < 0.01), and this was true for all regimens assessed. Mean lifetime monthly ST costs were significantly higher in WW ($7,883 vs $4,830, p = < 0.01). There was no difference in median overall survival between populations among those receiving ST (21.4 months (95% CI 18.0-26.2) in WW and 22.1 months (20.5-23.7) in BC) or among those not receiving ST (5.4 months (2.4-7.7) WW versus 6.3 months (5.2-7.3) BC). Conclusions: Utilization and cost of ST for mCRC was significantly higher for patients in WW compared to BC without differences in overall survival in treated and untreated patients.
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Mahe, Etienne, Ariz Akhter, Danielle H. Oh, Fahad Farooq, Meer-Taher Shabani-Rad, Adnan Mansoor und Douglas A. Stewart. „Gene-Expression for Prediction of Disease Progression Following Initial Management of Follicular Lymphoma“. Blood 126, Nr. 23 (03.12.2015): 4804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4804.4804.
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Abstract Introduction Patients with advanced staged Follicular Lymphoma (FL) are initially managed with either immediate chemoimmunotherapy (CI) or "watchful waiting" (WW) depending on clinical symptoms, tumor burden, and organ compromise. Clinicians currently predict time to progression (TTP) using the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score. Well-defined & validated molecular techniques capable of additional predictive power are lacking, however. We hypothesized that gene-expression (GE) data, employing an evidence-based feature set, might assist in the upfront stratification of FL patients. Objectives 1 Identify genes whose GE has previously been identified as relevant to FL 2 Perform GE testing on an series of FL cases, classified by upfront intervention, using this custom gene feature set 3 Identify the gene(s) most strongly predictive of disease progression in each of the clinical classes (i.e. CI vs. WW) 4 Compare the performance of GE data to other prognostic parameters Methods We performed a search of MEDLINE-indexed studies reporting FL GE results. We input all available appertaining data into NVIVO (v10), in which a computer-assisted search for GE features was performed. This list, after refinement, formed the basis of a custom NanoString codeset. We used the MD Anderson Microarray Sample Size Calculator for sample size estimation and retrieved FL cases from our regional archives; those cases with sufficient tissue were organized by upfront treatment approach and available clinical data recorded (age at diagnosis, sex, stage, grade, FLIPI scores & TTP). TTP was defined as time in months either to diagnosed disease progression or, in the WW group, first CI-based treatment. After pathology review, RNA was isolated using standard protocols. GE data was analyzed using gene-specific receiver-operating characteristic analysis, ranking performed according to the area-under-the-curve (MATLAB v 8.3.0.532). Validation against TTP using Cox-regression was then performed (SPSS v22); p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Our MEDLINE search yielded 713 publications; after refinement, our NVIVO analysis suggested 282 valid gene features. Review of local FL cases accessioned between 2004 & 2012 was performed; this period ensured uniform follow-up and CI treatment strategies for all FL patients. Patients were classified as WW (68 patients) & CI (98 patients), and then sub-classified as WW1 (WW without need for CI over the follow-up interval; 23 patients) and WW2 (WW requiring CI in the follow-up interval; 45 patients) and CI1 (CI without disease progression over the follow-up interval; 61 patients) and CI2 (CI with disease progression; 37 patients). Median follow-up time was 60 months in the WW group and 56 months in the CI group (Mann-Whitney p = 0.177). With the exception of FLIPI score in the WW class (higher on average in the WW2 sub-class), no other clinical factor differed significantly between the sub-classes. GE analyses suggested that ACTB in the WW group and MEK1 in the CI group might be most predictive of TTP. Table 1. TTP results by Cox-regression analysis for the WW group WW Variable Cox-Regression Model Co-efficient p-value Cox-Regression Model Linear Co-efficient 95% CI Age at diagnosis 0.56 0.98-1.04 Sex 0.34 0.67-3.19 Tumor Grade 0.41 0.40-9.48 Tumor Stage 0.54 0.69-2.04 FLIPI Score 0.06 0.97-3.6 ACTB Expression 0.006 1.4-7.74 Table 2. TTP results by cox-regression analysis for the CI group CI Variable Cox-Regression Model Co-efficient p-value Cox-Regression Model Linear Co-efficient 95% CI Age at diagnosis 0.34 0.99-1.04 Sex 0.96 0.48-2.16 Tumor Grade 0.92 0.43-2.13 Tumor Stage 0.17 0.874-2.11 FLIPI Score 0.4 0.47-1.35 MEK1 Expression 0.011 0.19-0.81 Conclusions To our knowledge, we have performed the first GE analysis of FL cases classified by intervention, and have identified GE features predictive of disease progression or requirement of intervention (as in the WW group). In the CI group, identification of MEK1 as a major prognostic player echoes previous work studying the MAP-kinase pathway in FL. In the WW group, however, identification of ACTB as a potential prognostic player is a novel observation requiring validation, especially since this gene is ubiquitously expressed across multiple cell types. Figure 1. WW TTP, stratified by ACTB expression Figure 1. WW TTP, stratified by ACTB expression Figure 2. CI TTP, stratified by MEK1 expression Figure 2. CI TTP, stratified by MEK1 expression Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Cahyowati, Meireni, Endang Baliarti und Sumadi Sumadi. „Selection of Weaning and Adult Weight to Increase Growth of Deutch Democratic Yokohama (DDY) Mice“. Buletin Peternakan 45, Nr. 4 (30.11.2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v45i4.66681.
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This study aims to determine the increase of the growth of Deutch Democratic Yokohama (DDY) strain mice through a selection program from generation 0 (G0, n = 323 ), generation 1 (G1, n = 367) to generation 2 (G2, n = 386). The variables used for the selected program were weaning weight (WW) and adult weight (AW). For WW, the selection was made on the best 50% WW, and for the AW, the selection was carried out by choosing the best eight males and the best 32 females, using the value of genetic parameters and breeding values. Based on the study, WW increased from G0 to G1 and G1 to G2 of 12,63% and 12,05%, respectively. The increase in AW from G0 to G1 and G1 to G2 was 7,85 % and 17,78%, respectively. The conclusion was that it was possible to increase weaning weight and adult weight by selecting the program.
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Jimenez-Rodriguez, Rosa Maria, Felipe Fernando Quezada-Diaz, Irbaz Hameed, Sujata Patil, Jesse Joshua Smith und Julio Garcia-Aguilar. „Organ preservation in rectal cancer patients treated with total neoadjuvant therapy.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, Nr. 4_suppl (01.02.2019): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.4_suppl.692.
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692 Background: Retrospective case series suggest that watch-and-wait (WW) is a safe alternative to total mesorectal excision (TME) in selected patients with a clinical complete response (cCR) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Because treatment strategies vary widely and total numbers of patients treated at different institutions have not been reported, the proportion of rectal cancer patients who can potentially benefit from WW is not known. Here, we report the results of a treatment strategy incorporating WW in a cohort of rectal cancer patients treated with total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). Methods: Consecutive patients with stage II/III (MRI staging) rectal adenocarcinoma treated with TNT from 2012 to 2017 by a single surgeon were included. TNT consisted of mFOLFOX6 (8 cycles) or CapeOX (5 cycles) either before or after CRT (5600 cGy in 28 fractions with sensitizing fluorouracil or capecitabine). Tumor response was assessed with a digital rectal exam, endoscopy, and MRI according to predefined criteria. Patients with a cCR were offered WW, and patients with residual tumor were offered TME. WW and TME patients were compared based on intention to treat, using the chi-square or rank sum test. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: A total of 109 patients were identified. One patient died during CRT. Of the 108 patients, 64 (59%) had an incomplete clinical response; 4 of the 64 patients declined surgery or had local excision, and 60 underwent TME. The remaining 44 patients (41%) had a cCR and underwent WW. On average, patients in the WW group were older and had smaller, more distal tumors. Median radiation dose, number of chemotherapy cycles, number ofadverse events, or length of follow-up (28 months) did not differ between the TME and WW groups. Five (11%) of the 44 WW patients had local tumor regrowth, at a median of 14 (4–25) months after TNT; 2 of the 5 also had distant metastasis. Six (10%) of the 60 TME patients had a pathological complete response. RFS did not differ between the TME and WW groups (log rank P= 0.09). Conclusions: Approximately 40% of patients with stage II/III rectal cancer treated with TNT achieve a clinical complete response and can benefit from a WW approach with the aim of preserving the rectum.
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Li, Yuzhu, und David R. Fuhrman. „TURBULENCE MODELLING OF INCIPIENT WAVE BREAKING ON A VERTICAL CYLINDER ON A SLOPED BED“. Coastal Engineering Proceedings, Nr. 37 (01.09.2023): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.2.
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The extensive use of vertical piles as basic components of coastal structures, e.g. monopile wind turbine foundations, has made the study of wave impact on vertical cylindrical structures in the breaking zone of major practical importance. To investigate the breaking wave forces on a vertical cylinder located on a sloped bed, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) based turbulence models have been used as closure in most recent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies. The present study adopts a Reynolds stress model (RSM), namely the Wilcox (2006) stress-ww model, as our primary turbulence closure model to simulate the experiment of Irschik et al. (2004). The Wilcox (2006) stress-ww model has been analysed in the recent work of Li et al. (2022) and proven to be neutrally stable in the potential flow region beneath surface waves, thus it naturally avoids any unphysical turbulence over-production in the pre-breaking zone (unlike two-equation models in their standard forms). It has also shown good accuracy in predicting surf zone breaking waves in Li et al. (2022) and deep-water wave breaking due to modulational perturbations in Li and Fuhrman (2022). For comparison purposes, the present study also conducts simulations with the stabilized LF18 kk- ww model, as well as with no turbulence model.
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Pickard, Joshua K., und Juan A. Carretero. „AN INTERVAL ANALYSIS METHOD FOR WRENCH WORKSPACE DETERMINATION OF PARALLEL MANIPULATOR ARCHITECTURES“. Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 40, Nr. 2 (Juni 2016): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2016-0012.
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This paper deals with the wrench workspace (WW) determination of parallel manipulators. The WW is the set of end-effector poses (positions and orientations) for which the active joints are able to balance a set of external wrenches acting at the end-effector. The determination of the WW is important when selecting an appropriate manipulator design since the size and shape of the WW are dependent on the manipulator’s geometry (design) and selected actuators. Algorithms for the determination of the reachable workspace and the WW are presented. The algorithms are applicable to manipulator architectures utilizing actuators with positive and negative limits on the force/torque they can generate, as well as cable-driven parallel manipulator architectures which require nonnegative actuator limits to maintain positive cable tensions. The developed algorithms are demonstrated in case studies applied to a cable-driven parallel manipulator with 2-degrees-of-freedom and three cables and to a 3-RRR parallel manipulator. The approaches used in this paper provide guaranteed results and are based on methods utilizing interval analysis techniques for the representation of end-effector poses and design parameters.