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Fiedor, Tomáš, Lukáš Holík, Ondřej Lengál und Tomáš Vojnar. „Nested antichains for WS1S“. Acta Informatica 56, Nr. 3 (01.01.2019): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00236-018-0331-z.
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D, Khureldavaa, Odontuya G, Tsiiregzen A, Oyuntsetseg D, Daariimaa B und Amarsanaa B. „Comparative study of the chemical composition of submineral water from the central and east part of Mongolia“. Bulletin of Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Nr. 5 (30.11.2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/bicct.v0i5.1071.
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We conducted the study of physico-chemical characteristics as hydrochemical composition and micro-elements in submineral water samples from Khuvsgul (WS1, WS2), Arkhangai (WS3-WS5), Khentii (WS6-WS11) and Dornogovi (WS12) provinces in 2017 and 2018. The pH data of submineral water in the Central part (WS1-WS5) were determined as 7.21 to 7.65, but in the East part (WS6-WS12) were showed less acidic as 5.68 to 7.86. The elec-trical conductivity (EC) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in submineral water samples were ranged from 10.1 to 56.5 mS/m and -236 to 184 mV, respectively. Specifically, ORP in samples WS1, WS8 and WS10 were -236 mV, -22 mV and -56 mV, which are indicates the reducing property of samples. The hydrogeochemical results indicate that WS1-WS4 and WS6 submineral water are belong to the HCO3-Ca-Mg type, but WS5, WS7-WS10 and WS12 are belong to the HCO3-Ca-Mg-Na type water. The WS11 submineral water is alone belonging to the HCO3-Na-Ca type. Based on the geochemical compositions, the all studied submineral water were belong to the rock dominating area which were enriched by rock-water interaction. The radioactivity concentrations of 222Rn and its decay products 214Pb and 214Bi in samples WS11 and WS12 were 241-339 Bq/l and 307-315 Bq/l, 268-371 Bq/l, respectively. Thus, such submineral water is classifying to the radon-containing mineral water.
Төвийн болон зүүн бүсийн рашаан төст булгуудын химийн найрлагын харьцуулсан судалгаа
Хураангуй: Энэхүү судалгаагаар Хөвсгөл (WS1, WS2), Архангай (WS3-WS5), Хэнтий (WS6-WS11), Дорноговь (WS12) аймгуудын 2017, 2018 онуудад цуглуулсан рашаант төст булгуудын усны дээжинд физик-химийн үзүүлэлт болон микроэлементүүдийн шинжилгээ хийж, химийн найрлагыг тодорхойлсон. Төвийн бүсийн рашаант төст (WS1-WS5) булгуудын ус нь саармагаас сул шүлтлэг (рН-7.21-7.65) байхад зүүн бүсийн рашаант төст (WS6-WS12) булгуудын ус нь сул хүчиллэгээс сул шүлтлэг орчинтой (5.68-7.86) байгаа ба цахилгаан дамжуулах чанар (EC) нь 10.1-56.5 mS/m, исэлдэн ангижрах потенциал (ORP) -236-184 mV байна. Эдгээрээс WS1, WS8, WS10 зэрэг рашаан төст булгийн усанд ORP нь -236 mV, -22 mV, -56 mV илэрсэн нь бусад рашаан төст булгуудаасаа ихээхэн онцлогтой бөгөөд эдгээр уснууд нь ангижрах шинж чанартай байгааг илтгэж байна. WS1-WS4, WS6 зэрэг рашаант төст булгийн ус нь HCO3-Ca-Mg-ийн төрлийн байхад WS5, WS7-10, WS12 рашаан төст булгийн уснууд нь HCO3-Ca-Mg-Na-ийн төрлийн холимог найрлагатай, харин зөвхөн WS11 рашаан төст булгийн ус нь HCO3-Na-Ca-ийн төрлийн усны ангилалд тус тус багтаж байгааг тодорхойлсон. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан рашаан төст булгуудын ус нь Гиббсийн диаграмаар чулуулаг давамгайлсан бүсэд оршиж байгаа бөгөөд эдгээр рашаан төст булгууд нь ус-чулуулгийн харилцан үйлчлэлд орж байгааг харуулж байна. WS11 болон WS12 рашаан төст булгуудын усанд цацраг идэвхит 222Rn (241-339 Бк/л) болон түүний задралын бүтээгдэхүүн болох 214Pb (307-315 Бк/л), 214Bi (268-371 Бк/л) илэрсэн нь бусад рашаан төст булгуудаас онцлог бөгөөд радонтай рашааны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байна.Түлхүүр үг: Рашаан төст булаг, микроэлемент, химийн найрлага, цацраг идэвх, радон
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KLARLUND, NILS, ANDERS MØLLER und MICHAEL I. SCHWARTZBACH. „MONA IMPLEMENTATION SECRETS“. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 13, Nr. 04 (August 2002): 571–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012905410200128x.
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The MONA tool provides an implementation of automaton-based decision procedures for the logics WS1S and WS2S. It has been used for numerous applications, and it is remarkably efficient in practice, even though it faces a theoretically non-elementary worst-case complexity. The implementation has matured over a period of six years. Compared to the first naive version, the present tool is faster by several orders of magnitude. This speedup is obtained from many different contributions working on all levels of the compilation and execution of formulas. We present an overview of MONA and a selection of implementation "secrets" that have been discovered and tested over the years, including formula reductions, DAGification, guided tree automata, three-valued logic, eager minimization, BDD-based automata representations, and cache-conscious data structures. We describe these techniques and quantify their respective effects by experimenting with separate versions of the MONA tool that in turn omit each of them.
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Lee, Dongmin, Lazaros Oreopoulos, George J. Huffman, William B. Rossow und In-Sik Kang. „The Precipitation Characteristics of ISCCP Tropical Weather States“. Journal of Climate 26, Nr. 3 (01.02.2013): 772–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00718.1.
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Abstract The authors examine the daytime precipitation characteristics of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) weather states in the extended tropics (35°S–35°N) for a 10-yr period. The main precipitation dataset used is the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis operational product 3B42 dataset, but Global Precipitation Climatology Project daily data are also used for comparison. It is found that the most convectively active ISCCP weather state (WS1), despite an occurrence frequency below 10%, is the most dominant state with regard to surface precipitation, producing both the largest mean precipitation rates when present and the largest percent contribution to the total precipitation of the tropics; yet, even this weather state appears to not precipitate about half the time, although this may be to some extent an artifact of detection and spatiotemporal matching limitations of the precipitation dataset. WS1 exhibits a modest annual cycle of the domain-average precipitation rate, but notable seasonal shifts in its geographic distribution. The precipitation rates of the other weather states appear to be stronger when occurring before or after WS1. The precipitation rates of the various weather states are different between ocean and land, with WS1 producing higher daytime rates on average over ocean than land, likely because of the larger size and more persistent nature of oceanic WS1s. The results of this study, in addition to advancing the understanding of tropical hydrology, can serve as higher-order diagnostics for evaluating the realism of tropical precipitation distributions in large-scale models.
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Haider, Husnain, Rehan Sadiq und Solomon Tesfamariam. „Performance indicators for small- and medium-sized water supply systems: a review“. Environmental Reviews 22, Nr. 1 (März 2014): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0013.
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Water supply systems (WSSs) are one of the most important and expensive core public infrastructures. The primary objective of a water supply utility is to have this valuable asset operate at its maximum possible efficiency with minimum cost throughout its design period. To achieve this objective, the first step is to evaluate the existing efficiency of all the components of the WSS using suitable performance indicators (PIs). Various agencies and organizations worldwide have developed detailed performance evaluation frameworks including several indicators to comprehensively cover all the aspects (e.g., physical asset, staffing, operational, customer satisfaction, economical) of the WSSs. Most of these frameworks and indicators have been developed for large-sized WSSs. Small- and medium-sized water supply systems (SM-WSSs) have specific performance-related issues, ranging from difficulties in collecting the data required to use the available systems of PIs to lack of skilled personnel and financial resources for efficient operations. A comprehensive review of the literature has been carried out to assess the suitability of reported performance evaluation systems for SM-WSSs in terms of their simplicity (easy and simple data requirements) and comprehensiveness (i.e., all the components of a WSS). This review also evaluates the individual PI with respect to its understandability, measurability, and comparability (i.e., within and across utility comparisons). On the basis of this detailed review, a conceptual performance evaluation system for SM-WSSs, consisting of a list of PIs grouped into their respective categories, has been proposed. The proposed system provides a stepwise approach, starting the performance evaluation process with the most significant and easy to measure PIs for small-sized WSSs and moving to a relatively complex set of indicators for SM-WSS depending on the availability of resources and specific operating conditions.
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Zanfei, Ariele, Andrea Menapace, Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo und Maurizio Righetti. „Calibration of Water Leakages and Valve Setting in a Real Water Supply System“. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, Nr. 1 (03.09.2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2020002041.
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Water leakages are one of the most significant uncertainties affecting water supply system (WSSs) modelling. Due to the dependence between water losses and pressure, the WSSs characterised by high values of pressure in the distribution network are strongly affected by this problem. High-pressure conditions are typical of WSSs in the mountain areas. In this study, a real WSS of the Alpine region is analysed through simultaneous calibration of water losses and pressure-reducing valves with a genetic algorithm. The demand is represented by a uniformly distributed along the network pipes scheme, dealing with the water request separately from the losses.
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Haziq, Mohammad Aslam, Abdul Rahman Mosameem, Esmatullah Muslim, Rahmatullah Dost und Nazir Ahmad Qani. „Performance Benchmarking of Water Supply Systems in Kandahar City using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)“. European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, Nr. 5 (19.05.2019): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.5.1313.
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Two Water Supply Systems (WSSs) have been operating and providing drinking water services to two discrete districts, namely, Second Ayno Maina (AM-WSS), District 10, owned and managed by a private sector: AFCO Corporation, and Central Kandahar (CK-WSS), Share-Naw, District 2, owned and managed by government entity: Department of Kandahar Water Supply and Sewerage, for four and ten years respectively. Both the WSSs use groundwater as source of drinking water, and due to overpopulation and urbanization, they tend to expand their services and improve their performances, despite the fact that the primary step to do so is the performance assessment of the existing systems, lacking at the moment and needs a careful consideration. Therefore, the research study is aimed at assisting the responsible authorities of the performances being carried by their existing systems and satisfaction level of their customers against the services provided, along with their international comparisons, with similar-typed associated water supply schemes. Two sets of primary data were collected, including service-provider-driven and customer-driven, from relevant authorities and districts respectively. More specifically, for consumer-driven data collection, 66 and 75 questionnaires were distributed to the consumers of (AM-WSS) and (CK-WSS) respectively. Both the data set was classified as the input and output performance indicators (PIs), and was analyzed using SPSS, DEAP and Ms. Excel softwares, in compliance with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology. The findings showed that (AM-WSS) had a relative technical efficiency, te of 1 (100 %), whereas CK-WSS had a te of 0.545. As a result, CK-WSS was the only System considered and recommended for amendments. Furthermore, the analysis of the findings showed that CK-WSS needed to focus on decreasing the staff size and total expenditure by 45 % to comply with optimization. The team recommends to train their personnel and reduce the number by 45 %, and additionally recommends to collect, keep and register all the necessary data of the schemes in an organized manner for future demands, plans, rehabilitation, performance, and improvements of the corresponding components of their systems.
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Kang, Hyeong-Seok, Hyunook Kim, Jaekyeong Lee, Ingyu Lee, Byoung-Youn Kwak und Hyungjoon Im. „Optimization of pumping schedule based on water demand forecasting using a combined model of autoregressive integrated moving average and exponential smoothing“. Water Supply 15, Nr. 1 (15.10.2014): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.104.
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Stable water supply to end users is the most important element in water supply systems (WSSs). The portion of energy used by the water distribution system is up to 40% of the total energy consumed by WSSs. To save energy cost for pumping systems, a number of attempts have been made. Especially, an optimization scheme for scheduling the water-pumping operation has attracted the interest of water engineers. In this paper, a binary integer program was applied to optimize pumping schedule of a WSS in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka based on the hourly water demands for the next day. The water demands were forecasted by a combined model consisting of an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and an error compensation routine based on exponential smoothing technique. The result showed that the optimization system could reduce the operation cost of the WSS by minimizing electricity for water pumping; electricity cost for pump operation could be reduced by 55%.
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Elfirdoussi, Selwa, Zahi Jarir und Mohamed Quafafou. „Ranking Web Services using Web Service Popularity Score“. International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 9, Nr. 2 (April 2014): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2014040105.
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Due to the increase of published Web Services (WSs), finding the suitable WS that satisfies the user goals among discovered WSs still needs deep investigations. Certainly, QoS requirements represent a more appropriate and decisive factor to distinguish similar WSs. A lot of research efforts in this direction have been made but are still limited due to the complexity and diversity of QoS constraints. The novelty of our approach lies in its simplicity since it is based on WS Popularity Score (WSPS). This score is computed using an algorithm based on both user's requirements and quality measures of each discovered WSs such as pertinence, age, frequency, etc. The paper reports a validation of the proposed algorithm, its implementation and evaluation trough Information Extraction (IE), in order to illustrate, and assess the convenience of our approach.
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Meng, Fanxue, Nan Mei, Jian Yan, Xiaoqing Guo, Patricia A. Richter, Tao Chen und Mamata De. „Comparative potency analysis of whole smoke solutions in the bacterial reverse mutation test“. Mutagenesis 36, Nr. 4 (16.06.2021): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/geab021.
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Abstract Short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays are useful tools to assess whether new and emerging tobacco products potentially have reduced toxicity. We previously demonstrated that potency ranking by benchmark dose (BMD) analysis quantitatively identifies differences among several known carcinogens and toxic chemicals representing different chemical classes found in cigarette smoke. In this study, six whole smoke solution (WSS) samples containing both the particulate and gas phases of tobacco smoke were generated from two commercial cigarette brands under different smoking-machine regimens. Sixty test cigarettes of each brand were machine-smoked according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) puffing protocol. In addition, either 60 or 20 test cigarettes of each brand were machine-smoked with the Canadian Intense (CI) puffing protocol. All six WSSs were evaluated in the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test using Salmonella typhimurium strains, in the presence or absence of S9 metabolic activation. The resulting S9-mediated mutagenic concentration–responses for the four WSSs from 60 cigarettes were then compared using BMD modelling analysis and the mutagenic potency expressed as number of revertants per μl of the WSS. The quantitative approaches resulted in a similar rank order of mutagenic potency for the Ames test in both TA98 and TA100. Under the conditions of this study, these results indicate that quantitative analysis of the Ames test data can discriminate between the mutagenic potencies of WSSs on the basis of smoking-machine regimen (ISO vs. CI), and cigarette product (differences in smoke chemistry).
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Basupi, Innocent. „Performance analyses of existing sanitary sewers with the selection of household water-saving schemes“. Water Science and Technology 82, Nr. 11 (12.10.2020): 2400–2414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.492.
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Abstract The widespread uptake of household water-saving systems (i.e. appliances, fittings, rainwater harvesting tanks, etc.) usually aims to reduce the gap between water demand and supply without considering the performances of downstream sanitary sewers (SSs). This paper presents an analysis approach that examines the lifespan interaction of water-saving schemes (WSSs) and operation of existing SSs. Examined are three probable ways of using (or not using) these water systems, including the conventional (baseline), full application and optimal selection of efficient WSSs. For optimality, a method that maximises the WSS potential efficiency (overall) and minimises the cost of WSSs including the associated savings across the entire existing SS subject to constraints at the end of the planning horizon has been formulated. The problem is solved using a non-dominated genetic algorithm to obtain optimal solutions. Decision variables include various water use (or saving) capacities of water-saving schemes at different inflow nodes (locations). The method was demonstrated on the subsystem of the Tsholofelo Extension SS. The results indicate impactful and revealing interactions between water use efficiency, instantaneous hydraulic performances and existing SS upgrade requirements due to different applications of WSSs. The impacts and revelations observed would inform decisions during lifespan operations and management of SSs.
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Machado, Anna Virginia Muniz, Marina Thurler Nogueira, Lucas Magalhães Carneiro Alves, Norbertho Da Silveira Quindeler, Juliana Da Costa Dias Silva, Pedro Antonio de Paiva Aranha, Ricardo Pereira Gonçalves und Natália Lascas Soares de Siqueira. „Assessment of community-managed water systems in rural areas of Espírito Santo, Brazil, using the SIASAR tool“. Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, Nr. 5 (10.09.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2517.
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Rural communities usually are poorly covered by basic services, including water supply services (WSSs). Within this context, community management of water is a promising alternative to address this issue, with many successes all over the world. This approach also contributes to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, which intends to universalize water access. This paper evaluates the WSSs provided by eleven rural community organizations from Espírito Santo, Brazil. All of those participate in the sanitation program “Pró-Rural” created by Cesan (Companhia Espiritosantense de Saneamento), the state water concessionaire, to reach small-sized rural settlements. For this purpose, Siasar was used, an informational tool that enables the identification of elements in the rural water supply systems (RWSSs) that can enhance or hinder their performance. The results verified that the communities were able to maintain a satisfactory level of quality of the WSSs, although there were perceptible fragilities regarding the distance between internal (communities and service providers) and external (technical assistance providers) actors that can decrease the quality of the WSS or even lead to its interruption if not addressed.
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Pereira, Paulo J., João L. Rebola und Luís G. Cancela. „Procedure to optimize the intercarrier spacing in superchannels impaired by the cascading of WSS-based ROADMs“. EPJ Web of Conferences 238 (2020): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023809001.
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A new procedure is proposed to optimize the intercarrier spacing and wavelength selective switch (WSS) bandwidth for superchannels, using a Monte Carlo simulation. We perform an exhaustive assessment of the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) penalties due to the optical filtering and intercarrier crosstalk, and concluded that the optimum intercarrier spacing is at most 1.1 GHz larger than the Nyquist bandwidth and the results show how the number of cascaded WSSs influences the intercarrier spacing.
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Veluthedath Shajihan, Shaik Althaf, Raymond Chow, Kirill Mechitov, Yuguang Fu, Tu Hoang und Billie F. Spencer. „Development of Synchronized High-Sensitivity Wireless Accelerometer for Structural Health Monitoring“. Sensors 20, Nr. 15 (27.07.2020): 4169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154169.
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The use of digital accelerometers featuring high sensitivity and low noise levels in wireless smart sensors (WSSs) is becoming increasingly common for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Improvements in the design of Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) based digital accelerometers allow for high resolution sensing required for SHM with low power consumption suitable for WSSs. However, new approaches are needed to synchronize data from these sensors. Data synchronization is essential in wireless smart sensor networks (WSSNs) for accurate condition assessment of structures and reduced false-positive indications of damage. Efforts to achieve synchronized data sampling from multiple WSS nodes with digital accelerometers have been lacking, primarily because these sensors feature an internal Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) to which the host platform has no direct access. The result is increased uncertainty in the ADC startup time and thus worse synchronization among sensors. In this study, a high-sensitivity digital accelerometer is integrated with a next-generation WSS platform, the Xnode. An adaptive iterative algorithm is used to characterize these delays without the need for a dedicated evaluation setup and hardware-level access to the ADC. Extensive tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the accelerometer experimentally. Overall time-synchronization achieved is under 15 µs, demonstrating the efficacy of this approach for synchronization of critical SHM applications.
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Le, Hai-Chau, Anh Ngoc Le, Thi Viet Huong Pham und Thanh Hai Dao. „Performance of Dynamic Optical Path Networks with Large-scale WBSS-based Optical Cross-connects“. Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 19, Nr. 6.2 (29.06.2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/ict-ud.2021.124.
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In this paper, we have proposed a generalized large-scale optical cross-connect (OXC) architecture utilizing waveband selective switches (WBSS) for realizing future cost-effective, bandwidth-abundant and flexible optical networks. The developed architecture implements multiple WBSSs for each incoming fiber and small size wavelength selective switches (WSSs) for dropping optical paths while simply deploying 1´2 WSSs or 1´2 optical couplers for realizing the adding function. Thanks to the use of WBSSs, which are more cost-effective and simpler devices, the developed architecture enables a significant hardware scale reduction. The WBSS-based OXC, however, suffers from a limited routing capability, which relies on the inner node parameter (i.e., the WBSS number per input fiber) and the waveband granularity of WBSSs. We, therefore, evaluate the hardware scale requirement of our developed architecture in comparison with that of conventional WSS-based OXC. It is verified that a substantial hardware scale reduction can be achieved by using the proposed architecture, especially for high port count OXCs or when applying coarser granular WBSSs. Moreover, we also assess the performance of dynamic optical networks based on the proposed OXC. Numerical simulations show that the network offers a substantial necessary hardware scale reduction at the cost of a small performance offset comparing to that of the network using conventional WSS-based OXC.
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Walsh, M., T. McGloughlin, D. W. Liepsch, T. O'Brien, L. Morris und A. R. Ansari. „On using experimentally estimated wall shear stresses to validate numerically predicted results“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 217, Nr. 2 (01.02.2003): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544110360579286.
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The objective of this investigation was to assess the use of experimentally estimated wall shear stresses to validate numerically predicted results. The most commonly cited haemodynamic factor implicated in the disease initiation and proliferation processes at graft/artery junctions is wall shear stress (WSS). WSS can be determined from the product of the viscosity of the fluid and the wall shear rate. Numerically, the wall shear rate is predicted using velocity values stored in the computational cell near the wall and assuming zero velocity at the wall. Experimentally, the wall shear rate is estimated by applying a curve-fit to near-wall velocity measurements and evaluating the shear rate at a specific distance from the wall. When estimating the wall shear rate from the laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) point velocity measurements, large differences between the experimentally estimated and numerically predicted WSSs were introduced. It was found that the estimated WSS distributions from the experimental results are highly dependent on the curve-fitting method used to calculate the wall shear rate. However, the velocity profiles for both the experimental and numerical investigations show extremely good comparison. It is concluded that numerical models should be validated using unprocessed LDA point velocity measurement and not estimated WSS values.
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Smith, Lacey J., und Kirsten Stephan. „Nitrogen Fertilization, Stand Age, and Overstory Tree Species Impact the Herbaceous Layer in a Central Appalachian Hardwood Forest“. Forests 12, Nr. 7 (24.06.2021): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070829.
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Research Highlights: Herb-layer community composition, abundance, species richness, and Shannon–Wiener diversity index are shaped by nitrogen fertilization, disturbance history, and the overstory tree species in its immediate vicinity. Background and Objectives: While the herbaceous layer in deciduous forests is increasingly recognized for its importance in various aspects of forest ecosystem function, this study sought to describe the factors impacting the herbaceous layer. Specifically, this study’s objective was to quantify and compare herb-layer species composition, cover, and other community indices in watersheds with (a) different levels of N deposition, (b) different stand ages due to differing disturbance histories, and (c) different watershed aspects. This study also tested the hypothesis that herb-layer characteristics vary beneath tree species with contrasting nutrient dynamics (i.e., red and sugar maple). Materials and Methods: At the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia (USA), the cover of all herb-layer species was recorded directly under nine red maple and nine sugar maple trees in each of four watersheds (WS): long-term fertilized WS3 and unfertilized WS7, both with a stand age of about 50 years, and two unmanaged watersheds with 110-year-old stands and opposite watershed aspects (south-facing WS10, north-facing WS13). Community composition and plot-level indices of diversity were evaluated with multivariate analysis and ANOVA for watershed-level differences, effects of the maple species, and other environmental factors. Results: In the fertilized watershed (WS3), herb-layer diversity indices were lower than in the unfertilized watershed of the same stand age (WS7). In the unfertilized watershed with the 50-year-old stand (WS7), herb-layer diversity indices were higher than in the watershed with the 110-year-old stand of the same watershed aspect (WS13). WS10 and WS13 had similar herb-layer characteristics despite opposite watershed aspects. The presence of sugar maple corresponded to higher cover and diversity indices of the herb-layer in some of the watersheds. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of a case study, these findings bear relevance to future forest management since the forest herb layer plays important roles in deciduous forests through its influence on nutrient cycling, productivity, and overstory regeneration.
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Певнев, Володимир Якович, Володимир Володимирович Торяник und Вячеслав Сергійович Харченко. „КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКА БЕЗПРОВОДОВИХ СМАРТ-СИСТЕМ: КАНАЛИ ВТРУЧАНЬ ТА РАДІОЧАСТОТНІ ВРАЗЛИВОСТІ“. RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, Nr. 4 (27.11.2020): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2020.4.07.
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The subject of this study is the radio frequency cyber vulnerability of information and control interaction technology in the wireless smart systems (WSS). WSS is the cyber-physical systems, that operate within the OSI model. The specificity and specialization of these systems are determined by radio technologies of the physical layer. For example, the Internet of Things (IoT, including medical IoMT), the Internet of Drones (IoD), systems for aviation monitoring ADS-B and traffic management ATM, and, in the future, the Internet of Everything (IoE) - all are types of WSS. The aim is to analyze the radio frequency parameters of information and control interaction in the WSS to identify possible radio frequency cyber vulnerabilities in the WSS. Objectives: summarize and systematize the physical and functional parameters of wireless technologies in the ISM (Industrial Scientific & Medical Band) and SRD (Short range devices) ranges, which are significant from the WSS radiofrequency cyber vulnerability perspective, including navigation technologies; analyze trends and methods of successful cyber attacks on the WSS; carry out expert assessments of potential WSSs cyber vulnerabilities depending on their architecture and application area. The methods used: analysis of trends in known radiofrequency incidents and expert assessments of the cyber vulnerability of the WSS information and control interaction channels. The following results were obtained: 12 actual WSS radio technologies were analyzed. 6 types of possible radio frequency cyber attacks on the WSS were typified. The expert assessment of the probability of exploiting vulnerabilities by ranges, radio technologies, and attack type was made. The special danger of high-tech targeted APT attacks, as well as the high potential radio vulnerability of cyber-physical systems, was shown. The cyber vulnerability of ADS-B aircraft systems was especially noted. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: a trend of APT attacks cost reduction and an increase in the probability of their implementation through the new capabilities of SDR technology (Software Defined Radio) were revealed. The possibility of a controlled SDR compromising of the security parameters of WSS channels in any radio range was shown. A promising direction of research was proposed - SDR-penetration testing of WSS.
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REN, XILI, YULIN FU und AIKE QIAO. „INFLUENCE OF BIFURCATION DIAMETER ON THE VERTEBRAL ARTERY ORIGIN STENOSIS: A SIMULATION STUDY OF HEMODYNAMICS“. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, Nr. 06 (September 2016): 1650079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519416500792.
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The stenosis at the beginning segment of the vertebral artery accounts for the first risk of stroke in the posterior circulation. The extracranial vertebral arteries, especially the proximal ends, have been considered to be the predilection sites of stenosis or occlusion. From the perspective of hemodynamics, the mechanics of vertebral arteries stenosis is still unclear. In this paper, the formation of atherosclerosis in proximal end was concerned from the aspects of the effect of bifurcation diameter. Different models represent different bifurcation diameter. In order to find correlation between bifurcation diameter and WSS we build different models. Three idealized models with the vertebral artery diameter of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (Model A1), [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (Model A2) and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m (Model A3) respectively and seven realistic models were analyzed by using computational fluid dynamics tools. The area of low wall shear stress (WSS, [Formula: see text] 1.5[Formula: see text]Pa) in the proximal end of vertebral artery extracted at the peak systole in the idealized models were 2.25[Formula: see text]e-7, 8.55[Formula: see text]e-7 and 1.61[Formula: see text]e-6[Formula: see text]m2, respectively. The area of low WSS on the vertebral artery origin of realistic models extracted at the peak systole were 0, 1.18[Formula: see text]e-09, 3.91[Formula: see text]e-07, 1.68[Formula: see text]e-07, 5.46[Formula: see text]e-06, 1.16[Formula: see text]e-06 and 2.25[Formula: see text]e-06[Formula: see text]m2, respectively. Moreover, the time-averaged WSSs of the three idealized models were 3.95, 3.56 and 3.19, respectively. The time-averaged WSSs of the realistic models were 6.28, 6.36, 4.48, 4.71, 3.59, 3.59 and 3.31[Formula: see text]Pa, respectively. With the increase of bifurcation diameter, the risk of endothelial dysfunction increases, and the same is to intimal hyperplasia.
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Cohen, Fred L., Daniel Mendelsohn und Mark Bernstein. „Wrong-site craniotomy: analysis of 35 cases and systems for prevention“. Journal of Neurosurgery 113, Nr. 3 (September 2010): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.10.jns091282.
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Object The purpose of this case review was to identify and analyze existing wrong-site craniotomy (WSC) cases to determine the factors that contributed to the errors and to suggest preventative strategies for WSC. Wrong-site surgery (WSS) is a devastating surgical error that has gained increased public attention in recent years due to some high-profile cases. Despite the implementation of preventative methods such as preoperative checklists and surgical time-outs, WSS still occurs to this day. The clinical consequences of WSC are distinct compared with other types of WSS due to the unique function of the brain. Methods The authors searched medical, legal, and media databases and contacted state medical licensing boards to identify and gather information about WSC cases. The cases were reviewed and analyzed for factors that contributed to the errors. Results Four major categories of contributing factors were found: 1) communication breakdown; 2) inadequate preoperative checks; 3) technical factors and imaging; and 4) human error. The WSC cases are used to illustrate how these types of factors can precipitate the surgical error. Clinical outcomes and disciplinary actions are summarized. Obtaining information about the cases discovered was very challenging, in part because WSS reporting is inadequate. Conclusions This case review demonstrates that a broad range of events and factors can cause human errors to breach patient safeguards and lead to a WSC; however, in essentially all cases the WSCs were preventable with strict adherence to comprehensive and thorough protocols.
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Renaud, E., J. Pillot, C. Aubrun, E. Bréjoux und B. Augeard. „Water loss reduction: a new approach to achieve real water savings and environmental benefits“. Water Supply 18, Nr. 1 (13.06.2017): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.099.
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Abstract Water scarcity is a harsh reality for many regions. As a result, reducing losses from water supply systems (WSSs) is of great environmental importance around the world. In France, water suppliers are legally bound to reduce losses from their WSSs through loss reduction action plans (LRAPs). For these plans to work, they need to suit the area to which they are applied. Their impacts on water bodies (WBs) and the environment also need to be taken into account. This paper explains an innovative approach to fulfil these objectives. It involves adding two elements to the design of LRAPs: calculation of a water abstraction and discharge balance (WADB) and analysis of environmental effects (AEE) relating to loss reduction actions, based on life cycle assessment. The usefulness and the practicality of this approach are examined through two practical case studies. It is shown that the WADB allows LRAPs to be configured to optimise water savings in the most sensitive WBs. AEE makes it possible to identify a loss reduction level above which the overall environmental balance becomes negative. While the LRAP design and the WADB calculation methods are ready to be used by WSS managers, the AEE still requires further improvement.
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ISHIABSHI, Tomoaki. „WS12 Evaluating care services by using assessment data“. Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2013.25 (2013): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2013.25.49.
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Tanikawa, Tamio. „WS13 Networked RT Living Environment Model for Care Service“. Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2013.25 (2013): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2013.25.51.
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Akanni, Abimbola A., Chris Ajila, Idowu Omisile und Kelechi Ndubueze. „Mediating Effect of Work Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Psychosocial Safety Climate and Workplace Safety Behaviors Among Bank Employees After Covid-19 Lockdown“. Central European Management Journal 29, Nr. 1 (15.03.2021): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7206/cemj.2658-0845.38.
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Purpose: Studies find that psychosocial safety climate is positively associated with workplace safety behaviors. However, the mechanism through which psychosocial safety climate exerts its effect needs further investigation. Therefore, this study investigated the indirect effect of work self-efficacy in the relationship between psychosocial safety climate and workplace safety behaviors. Methodology: Participants, who were 155 bank workers (F=66.5%; mean age= 33.9, SD=6.4), responded to an online survey of workplace safety behavior scale (WSBS), psychosocial safety climate scale (PSC-12), and work self-efficacy scale (WSES). Results: Results from correlational analyses revealed that psychosocial safety climate positively related to workplace safety behaviors. Moreover, work self-efficacy positively correlated to workplace safety behaviors. The mediation analysis using Hayes Process Macros indicated an indirect effect of work self-efficacy in the relationship between psychosocial safety climate and workplace safety behaviors. Creating a psychosocially safe climate may enhance bank workers’ safety behaviors in the period after the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Kadry, Seifedine, und Chibli Jouma. „Green WSUS“. Energy Procedia 16 (2012): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.169.
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Weinberg, Warren A., und Graham J. Emslie. „Weinberg Screening Affective Scales (WSAS and WSAS-SF)“. Journal of Child Neurology 3, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1988): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088307388800300412.
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Breyer, B. „WS11: Media WS11-01The Croatian ultrasound safety law“. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 16 (Oktober 2000): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00009-1-65.x.
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Goubergrits, Leonid, Werner Heppt, Stefan Zachow, Thomas Hildebrandt und Jan Brüning. „Numerical Analysis of Nasal Breathing: A Pilot Study“. Facial Plastic Surgery 33, Nr. 04 (28.07.2017): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603789.
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AbstractCurrently, there is no fully sufficient way to differentiate between symptomatic and normal nasal breathing. Using the nose's total resistance is disputed as a valid means to objectify nasal airflow, and the need for a more comprehensive diagnostic method is increasing. This work's aim was to test a novel approach considering intranasal wall shear stress (WSS) as well as static pressure maps obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). X-ray computed tomography (CT) scan data of six symptom-free subjects and seven symptomatic patients were used. Patient-specific geometries of the nasal cavity were segmented from these datasets. Inspiratory and expiratory steady airflow simulations were performed using CFD. Calculated static pressures and WSSs were mapped onto a common template of the nasal septum, allowing for comparison of these parameters between the two patient groups. Significant differences in WSS distributions during the inspiratory phase could be identified between the two groups, whereas no differences were found for the expiratory phase. It is assumed that one essential feature of normal nasal breathing probably consists of distinctively different intranasal flow fields for inspiration and expiration. This is in accordance with previous investigations. The proposed method seems to be a promising tool for developing a new kind of patient-specific assessment of nasal breathing. However, more studies and a greater case number of data with an expanded focus would be ideal.
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Haider, Alkhowaiter, Shafiquzzaman, AlSaleem, Almoshaogeh und Alharbi. „Spatiotemporal Water Quality Variations in Smaller Water Supply Systems: Using Modified CCME WQI from Groundwater Source to Distribution Networks“. Water 11, Nr. 9 (10.09.2019): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091884.
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Original Canadian Council of Minster of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) is being used for assessing the water quality of surface water sources and distribution systems on a case by case basis. Its full potential as a management tool for complete water supply systems (WSSs) has yet to be recognized at the global level. A framework is developed using the modified CCME WQI to assess spatiotemporal water quality from groundwater source to treatment and distribution networks in smaller systems. The modified index resolves a limitation of the original index by also evaluating the microbiological water quality parameters which have to be completely absent for meeting desired drinking water quality standards. The framework divides the distribution network in different zones, which are further segregated into districts, to improve the decision-making process. Temporal assessment identifies the seasons with higher probabilities of failures, while the spatial assessment provides an insight on the performance (i.e., Excellent to Poor) of each district in a distribution network. In addition to failure probability, risk mapping gives appropriate attention to the number of consumers in different districts. Application of the framework on two smaller WSSs (population less than 50,000) in Qassim region revealed that the remotely located districts from the treatment facility underperform in comparison to the closely situated districts. Managers can effectively apply the proposed framework to identify the locations and periods of water quality failures in each component (i.e., source, treatment, and distribution) of a smaller WSS for effective utilization of their resources in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere with similar conditions.
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Montenegro, C. A. B., M. L. A. Lima und J. Rezende-Filho. „WS15-03Fetal centralization“. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 16 (Oktober 2000): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00009-1-95.x.
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Maclay, Colin M., und Mary Bridges. „The WSIS Index“. Information Technologies and International Development 1, Nr. 3-4 (April 2004): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1544752043557431.
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Pivec, Franci. „WSIS - drugi del“. Organizacija znanja 10, Nr. 1 (2005): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3359/oz0501056.
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Mahnke, Christel. „WSIS, IFLA, UNESCO and GATS: networking for libraries on an international level“. Library Hi Tech 24, Nr. 4 (01.10.2006): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07378830610715400.
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PurposeThe World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) shows the political dimension of the global information society. The purpose of this article is to consider the state of WSIS after the second phase and show possibilities for libraries to participate in the WSIS implementation. Furthermore, relations between WSIS, GATS and the “UNESCO convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions” are explained. IFLA, as leading library organization, as well as national associations, is taking up the challenge of advocating libraries as agencies of information societies.Design/methodology/approachProvides a report and analysis of WSIS Summit 2003‐2005 and WSIS Stocktaking for Libraries.FindingsRelevance of WSIS Summit 2003‐2005 and WSIS Stocktaking for Libraries.Originality/valueThe paper offers first‐hand information on the WSIS process. It outlines proposals for networking between libraries and advocacy for libraries on global political level.
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Li, Meili, Hongming Dong, Dingtao Wu, Hong Chen, Wen Qin, Weiguo Liu, Wenyu Yang und Qing Zhang. „Nutritional evaluation of whole soybean curd made from different soybean materials based on amino acid profiles“. Food Quality and Safety 4, Nr. 1 (März 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa011.
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Abstract Objectives Amino acid profiles of whole soybean curds (WSCs) and conventional soybean curds (CSCs) were comparatively studied to 1., evaluate their nutritional value and 2., study the suitable soybean material to fabricate WSCs. Materials and Methods Nine types of soybean materials were selected to make WSCs and CSCs. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and principal component analysis were selected to perform the comparative analysis of amino acid profiles of the products. Results Total contents of amino acids in WSCs and CSCs were 41.24–54.87 mg/g and 27.77–36.82 mg/g. Content ranges of essential amino acids were 13.59–19.38 mg/g and 8.46–11.76 mg/g for WSCs and CSCs. The essential amino acid pattern of WSCs was basically close to amino acid pattern spectrum requirements except valine and sulfur amino acids. As a limiting amino acid, methionine represented less than 0.4 for PDCAAS in all soybean curds except WSCs made from relay-cropping Nandou12 and Nandou25. Conclusions The overall quality of amino acids in WSCs was higher than that in CSCs, indicating that WSCs indeed exhibited higher nutritional value than CSCs from the viewpoint of amino acid profile. WSCs with the high nutritional value could be made using Nandou25 and relay-cropping Nandou12 as materials.
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Buschang, Peter H., David Chastain, Cameron L. Keylor, Doug Crosby und Katie C. Julien. „Incidence of white spot lesions among patients treated with clear aligners and traditional braces“. Angle Orthodontist 89, Nr. 3 (17.12.2018): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/073118-553.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare the incidence of white spot lesions (WSLs) among patients treated with aligners and those treated with traditional braces. Materials and Methods: A group of 244 aligner patients (30.4 ± 14 years) was compared to a group of 206 patients (29.2 ± 11.5 years) treated with traditional fixed braces. Consecutive cases in the late mixed or permanent dentitions who had high-quality pre- and posttreatment digital photographs available were included in the study. Each set of photographs was independently evaluated by two investigators to determine pretreatment oral hygiene (OH), fluorosis, and WSLs, as well as changes in OH and WSLs during treatment. Results: Approximately 1.2% of the aligner patients developed WSLs, compared to 26% of the traditionally treated patients. The numbers of WSLs that developed were also significantly (P < .001) less among the aligner patients. The aligner patients developed three new WSLs, while the traditionally treated patients developed 174 WSLs. The incidence of WSLs was greater for the maxillary than for the mandibular teeth, and it was greater for the canines than for the incisors. For the patients treated with traditional braces, fair or poor pretreatment OH, worsening of OH during treatment, preexisting WSLs, and longer treatment duration significantly (P < .05) increased the risk of developing WSLs during treatment. Conclusions: Patients treated with aligners have less risk of developing WSLs than do patients treated with traditional braces, which could be partially due to shorter treatment duration, or better pretreatment OH.
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Greenhalgh, Andrew, Lindsay Bottoms und Jonathan Sinclair. „Influence of Surface on Impact Shock Experienced During a Fencing Lunge“. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, Nr. 4 (August 2013): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.4.463.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sports surface on the magnitude of impact shock experienced during a lunge movement. Thirteen experienced, competitive fencers (age 32.4 ± 4.6 years; height 178.4 ± 7.2 cm; mass 74.4 ± 9.1 kg) performed 10 lunges on four different surfaces: concrete with an overlaid vinyl layer (COVL), wooden sprung court surface (WSCS), metallic carpet fencing piste overlaid on the WSCS, and aluminum fencing piste overlaid on the WSCS. An accelerometer measured accelerations along the longitudinal axis of the tibia at 1000 Hz. The results identified a significantly (P< .05) larger impact shock magnitude was experienced during a lunge on the COVL (14.88 ± 8.45g) compared with the WSCS (11.61 ± 7.30g), WSCS with metallic carpet piste (11.14 ± 6.38g) and WSCS with aluminum piste (11.95 ± 7.21g). Furthermore, the two types of piste used had no significant effect the impact shock magnitude measured when overlaid on the WSCS compared with the WSCS on its own. The results of this investigation suggest that occurrences of injuries related to increased levels of impact shock may be reduced through the utilization of a WSCS as opposed to a COVL surface during fencing participation.
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Davies-Colley, R. J., R. J. Craggs, J. Park und J. W. Nagels. „Optical characteristics of waste stabilization ponds: recommendations for monitoring“. Water Science and Technology 51, Nr. 12 (01.06.2005): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0452.
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The optical character of waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) is of concern for several reasons. Algal photosynthesis, which produces oxygen for waste oxidation in WSPs, is influenced by attenuation of sunlight in ponds. Disinfection in WSPs is influenced by optical characteristics because solar UV exposure usually dominates inactivation. The optical nature of WSPs effluent also affects assimilation by receiving waters. Despite the importance of light behaviour in WSPs, few studies have been made of their optical characteristics. We discuss simple optical measures suitable for routine monitoring of WSPs (including at sites remote from laboratories): optical density of filtrates – an index of dissolved coloured organic (humic) matter, visual clarity – to provide an estimate of the beam attenuation coefficient (a fundamental quantity needed for optical modelling) colour (hue) – as an indicator of general WSP ‘condition’ and irradiance attenuation quantifying depth of light penetration. The value of optical characterisation of WSPs is illustrated with reference to optical data for WSPs in NZ (including high-rate algal ponds) treating dairy cattle wastewater versus domestic sewage. We encourage increased research on optical characteristics of WSPs and the incorporation of optical measures in monitoring and modelling of WSP performance
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Saito, Traci, Jae Hyun Park und Curt Bay. „A Survey of Pediatric Dentists on the Treatment Timing and Modalities for White Spot Lesions in the United States“. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 43, Nr. 1 (01.01.2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-43.1.6.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of white spot lesions (WSLs) in various practice settings and patient populations, and to gather information about the treatment timing and modalities used by pediatric dentists in the United States. Study design: A fourteen question, multiple choice, electronic survey was developed and distributed to 6,092 active American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) members. Results: A total of 625 active members responded, garnering a 9.7% response rate. Before treatment, there were significantly more WSLs reported in Corporate practice than Multi-Doctor Practice (P=0.002), and significantly more WSLs in Academics/Hospital-Based Practices than in Multi-Doctor Practices (P=0.002). For WSLs after treatment, there were significantly more WSLs in Academic/Hospital-Based practices than in single-practitioner settings (P=0.003). Approximately 38% of pediatric dentists preferred to treat WSLs before, during or after orthodontic treatment, while 23% treat only before and 20% treat only after treatment. The three most common treatment modalities for WSLs, were prescription fluoride toothpaste (5000 ppm), fluoride varnish, and fluoride rinse. Approximately 47% of respondents reported they were “very comfortable” treating WSLs and 31.0% felt “comfortable.” Conclusions: The prevalence of WSLs differed across types of practice. There is no agreement among pediatric dentist as to timing and treatment modalities for WSLs.
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Wells, M. Lenny, und Bruce W. Wood. „Foliar Boron and Nickel Applications Reduce Water-stage Fruit-split of Pecan“. HortScience 43, Nr. 5 (August 2008): 1437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.5.1437.
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Water-stage fruit-split (WSFS) is a relatively common and often major problem of certain pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars. This study evaluates the possibility that the malady can be influenced by improving tree micronutrient nutrition. Foliar sprays of boron (B) and nickel (Ni) to WSFS-susceptible fruit of ‘Cape Fear’ and ‘Sumner’ are evaluated based on the possibility that either B or Ni potentially affects the severity of WSFS exhibited by trees. Although the incidence of WSFS on ‘Cape Fear’ was unaffected by micronutrient sprays, the severity of WSFS was substantially reduced in each of the 3 study years by foliar B application and in 2005 by foliar Ni application. Repeated foliar sprays of Ni also reduced WSFS of ‘Sumner’ fruit. These data indicate that improving either B or Ni nutrition can potentially reduce crop loss resulting from WSFS in certain orchard situations and provides evidence that insufficient availability of B or Ni to developing ovary tissues potentially predisposes developing fruit to WSFS when environmental triggers occur.
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Li, Yang. „Deployment Schemes in WSNs“. International Journal of Smart Device and Appliance 7, Nr. 1 (30.11.2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21742/ijsda.2019.7.1.02.
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Hackeloer, B. Joackhim. „WS18-02Modern breast ultrasound“. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 16 (Oktober 2000): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00009-1-121.x.
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Park, Sooyeon, Yong-Taek Jung, Ji-Min Park, Sung-Min Won und Jung-Hoon Yoon. „Pedobacter silvilitoris sp. nov., isolated from wood falls“. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_4 (01.04.2015): 1284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000098.
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A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterium, designated W-WS1T, was isolated from wood falls collected around Wando, an island located in the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Strain W-WS1T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that strain W-WS1T belonged to the genus Pedobacter , clustering coherently with the type strains of Pedobacter daechungensis , Pedobacter lentus , Pedobacter terricola , Pedobacter arcticus and Pedobacter glucosidilyticus , showing 94.3–96.3 % sequence similarity. Strain W-WS1T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 91.2–94.0 % to the type strains of other species of the genus Pedobacter . Strain W-WS1T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain W-WS1T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain W-WS1T was 37.7 mol%. The differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain W-WS1T is separated from recognized species of the genus Pedobacter . On the basis of the data presented, strain W-WS1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pedobacter , for which the name Pedobacter silvilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W-WS1T ( = KCTC 42174T = CECT 8669T).
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Dong, Biao. „Reconfigurable Publish/Subscribe Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 740–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.740.
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This paper presented a approach, called LBS, for modeling and implementing the architecture of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) publish/subscribe (Pub/Sub) applications using a local broker subcomponent (LBS) model. Considering the reconfigurability of WSNs applications which was necessary for WSNs middleware, a graph oriented local broker subcomponent (GOLBS) model was defined based on the LBS model by integrated WSNs middleware with Pub/Sub. The analysis indicated that GOLBS provided reconfiguration management and non-predefined dynamic reconfiguration management for WSNs middleware. The results imply that GOLBS can easily be constructed, while ensuring good reconfigurability.
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Cosmi, E. V., G. L. Cascialli, P. Nusiner, L. Meggiorini und A. Patella. „WS18: Breast WS18-01Ultrasounds of the breast - the role of the gynecologist“. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 16 (Oktober 2000): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00009-1-120.x.
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Xiang, Rong, Qin Lu, Ying Jiao, Yufei Zheng, Wenhao Ying und Yunfei Long. „Leveraging writing systems changes for deep learning based Chinese affective analysis“. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics 10, Nr. 11 (10.10.2019): 3313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13042-019-01019-z.
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Abstract Affective analysis of social media text is in great demand. Online text written in Chinese communities often contains mixed scripts including major text written in Chinese, an ideograph-based writing system, and minor text using Latin letters, an alphabet-based writing system. This phenomenon is referred to as writing systems changes (WSCs). Past studies have shown that WSCs often reflect unfiltered immediate affections. However, the use of WSCs poses more challenges in Natural Language Processing tasks because WSCs can break the syntax of the major text. In this work, we present our work to use WSCs as an effective feature in a hybrid deep learning model with attention network. The WSCs scripts are first identified by their encoding range. Then, the document representation of the text is learned through a Long Short-Term Memory model and the minor text is learned by a separate Convolution Neural Network model. To further highlight the WSCs components, an attention mechanism is adopted to re-weight the feature vector before the classification layer. Experiments show that the proposed hybrid deep learning method which better incorporates WSCs features can further improve performance compared to the state-of-the-art classification models. The experimental result indicates that WSCs can serve as effective information in affective analysis of the social media text.
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Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus. „The Work and Social Adjustment Scale as a Measure of Dysfunction in Chronic Insomnia: Reliability and Validity“. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 42, Nr. 2 (12.02.2013): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246581200104x.
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Background: Dysfunction is an integral part of chronic insomnia. Despite this, very little effort has yet been made to design and psychometrically validate an insomnia-specific measure of dysfunction. Aims: The purpose was to examine the psychometric properties of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) as a measure of dysfunction in chronic insomnia. Method: Seventy-three patients with chronic insomnia from three subsamples participated. All the patients completed the WSAS, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and sleep diaries over one week. Results: An exploratory factor analysis suggested a one-factor solution for the WSAS, determining dysfunction, accounting for 73.7% of the variance. The internal consistency of the WSAS was α = .91. The test-retest reliability for the WSAS items was high at .90–.99 and for the entire scale .99. A cut-off at 17 points was established, discriminating those with subclinical versus moderate or severe clinical insomnia (88% sensitivity and 78% specificity). Evidence of convergent and criterion validity was documented via (1) a significant, positive association between the WSAS and ISI and (2) a higher WSAS score among those with severe clinical insomnia, relative to those with moderate clinical and subthreshold insomnia, as well as a higher WSAS score among those with moderate clinical insomnia relative to those with subthreshold insomnia. The WSAS was also shown to be a treatment-sensitive measure for insomnia patients. Conclusions: The WSAS appears as a reliable and valid measure of dysfunction in chronic insomnia. Additional advantages are its shortness, easiness, and treatment-sensitivity.
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Magtibay, B. B. „An index model for evaluating water safety plans in the Philippines“. Water Supply 17, Nr. 4 (07.02.2017): 1168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.015.
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Developing a water safety plan (WSP) is now a requirement for all service providers of drinking water in the Philippines. To assist compliance with the Philippine Department of Health (DOH), this study develops an index model that the DOH can use for evaluating WSPs and covers the WSPs of 14 water districts and 11 health care facilities. The WSP Index model was developed using a nine-step process and was tested in 25 WSPs to determine the robustness of its weights and benchmark. Approximately 21 WSPs received a passing mark when the 60% benchmark was used but only nine WSPs passed when the benchmark was raised to 74%. This Philippine model may be utilized by countries in evaluating the WSPs, and further adapted to their local context and considerations.
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Julien, Katie C., Peter H. Buschang und Phillip M. Campbell. „Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment“. Angle Orthodontist 83, Nr. 4 (04.01.2013): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/071712-584.1.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: To quantify the prevalence of white spot lesions (WSLs) on the anterior teeth and, secondarily, to evaluate risk factors and predictors. Materials and Methods: Digital photographs and records of 885 randomly chosen patients were evaluated before and after treatment. Chart information included gender, age, as well as banding and debanding dates. Fluorosis and oral hygiene before and after treatment were also evaluated. Preexisting and posttreatment WSLs were recorded and compared for all 12 anterior teeth. Risk ratios (RR) and absolute risk (AR) were calculated to determine the likelihood and risk of WSL formation. Results: Overall, 23.4% of the patients developed at least one WSL during their course of treatment. Maxillary anterior teeth were affected more than mandibular teeth. The maxillary laterals and canines and the mandibular canines were the most susceptible. There was no significant difference in WSLs between genders. Fluorosis, treatment time in excess of 36 months, poor pretreatment hygiene, hygiene changes during treatment, and preexisting WSLs were all significantly (P < .05) related to the development of WSLs. The highest risk of developing WSLs was associated with preexisting WSLs (RR = 3.40), followed by declines in oral hygiene during treatment (RR = 3.12) and poor pretreatment oral hygiene (RR = 2.83). Conclusions: Nearly 25% of the patients developed WSLs while in treatment, depending on fluorosis, treatment time, preexisting WSLs, and oral hygiene. Orthodontists need to be mindful of these risk factors when making treatment decisions.
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Gelting, Richard J., Kristin Delea und Elizabeth Medlin. „A conceptual framework to evaluate the outcomes and impacts of water safety plans“. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, Nr. 2 (01.06.2012): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.079.
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A Water Safety Plan (WSP) is a preventive, risk management approach to ensure drinking water safety. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines place WSPs within a larger 'framework for safe drinking-water' that links WSPs to health, creating an implicit expectation that implementation of WSPs will safeguard health in areas with acceptable drinking water quality. However, many intervening factors can come between implementation of an individual WSP and ultimate health outcomes. Evaluating the impacts of a WSP, therefore, requires a much broader analysis than simply looking at health improvements. Until recently, little guidance for the monitoring and evaluation of WSPs existed. Drawing examples from existing WSPs in various regions, this paper outlines a conceptual framework for conducting an overall evaluation of the various outcomes and impacts of a WSP. This framework can provide a common basis for implementers to objectively monitor and evaluate the range of outcomes and impacts from WSPs, as well as a common understanding of the time frames within which those results may occur. As implementers understand the various outcomes and impacts of WSPs beyond health, a strong evidence base for the effectiveness of WSPs will develop, further enabling the scaling up of WSP implementation and provision of better quality water.
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Cheng, Qi, Chingfang Hsu und Lein Harn. „Lightweight Noninteractive Membership Authentication and Group Key Establishment for WSNs“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (16.05.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1452546.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) exhibit their potential capacity in the next generation of mobile communication networks and wireless systems (5G). Collected data in WSNs are different from most data transmitted in digital communication applications. Most collected data in WSNs contain only few bits of information. Conventional protocols are not suitable for WSNs since this environment needs more flexible and lightweight protocols for secure group communications. Hence, how to realize the mutual secure and lightweight communication is a big challenge for WSNs. User authentication and key establishment are two fundamental security services in secure communications for WSNs. In this paper, we propose a novel design which embeds the function of membership authentication and group key establishment in WSNs. By using an asymmetric bivariate polynomial, membership authentication and pairwise shared keys distribution are realized. Then, each member mixes his/her input with pairwise shared keys with other members and releases the encrypted value in a broadcast channel. After collecting all released values, each member can compute the group key efficiently. Our proposal is noninteractive and lightweight. As it enjoys low computation and communication costs compared with the state-of-the-art cryptographic solutions, this design is more suitable for efficient membership authentication and group key establishment in WSNs.