Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Worora language Grammar“

The field of second language acquisition is a fascinating and global topic. Many of us have spent long hours poring over textbooks, memorising vocabulary and perfecting our grammar only to find that when we arrive in the country no-one understands us or our use of language unexpectedly gives rise to hilarity or even causes offense. We've been told, 'Don't worry. Spend a few weeks in the country and you'll soon soak up the language'. Again, this is not always the case. While many learners return from their time abroad showing and feeling huge improvements, there are others who seem not to have benefited from the experience. In fact, it is well known that people can live in another language environment for years and never 'pick up' the language. So, if learning doesn't necessarily help and spending time in the country doesn't always produce the desired results, then what are the ...

One of the theories that seek to unravel how the human language functions is the Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG). SFG achieves its uniqueness by seeking to develop a theory about language as a social process and an analytical methodology for detailed and systematic description of language patterns (Eggins, 2004). Given its suitability for the analysis of any text, SFG was used in this study for the analysis of the poem “My Lord, Tell Me Where to Keep Your Bribe”. Though SFG shows how three different strands of meanings (ideational, interpersonal and textual) are expressed in the structures of clauses, the focus of analysis was on the grammar of textual and interpersonal meanings, hence the thematic and Mood structure analyses of the poem. The thematisation patterns identified in the poem included the use of textual themes (for inter-clause cohesive purposes), interpersonal themes (for the assignment of Mood labels to clauses) and topical themes, which altogether enabled the poet bring into thematic prominence the major issues of worry to an average Nigerian who had always thought judges and the courts of law should be immune from corruption. The Mood structure analysis showed the poet’s conscious choices of the indicative Mood, with alternating options of interrogative and declarative clause types. Overall, the SFG-based analysis showed how the poet made conscious paradigmatic choices and arranged them into linear (syntagmatic) structures to make the different meanings conveyed in the poem.

Abstract As some language tests may be more anxiety-provoking than others, anxiety, other affective reactions, and related perceptions evoked by the English oral elicited imitation test (EI), a sentence repetition task measuring the implicit knowledge of grammar in a way not resembling natural communication, were investigated during first-time administration by means of a 10-point rating scale and a thought-listing tool. Because anxiety and other emotions cannot be interpreted in absolute terms, the same reactions induced by a special type of an English oral narrative test (ON) were investigated for comparison. A quantitative and qualitative analysis revealed EI to be more anxiety-provoking than ON as it created considerably higher levels of tension and worry. The possible causes include the perception of EI as very difficult, the uncertainty and confusion generated by the oral nature of its instruction and stimuli, and lack of an openly declared focus. Careful administration of EI is recommended to reduce anxiety and unfavorable perceptions. Other, much less frequent affective reactions to the tests and perceptions included satisfaction, curiosity, excitement, hope, confusion, interest, boredom, uncertainty, and concentration.

There is a multitude of Mobile Operating Systems (MOSs) with iOS, Android, Windows Phone and, BlackBerry leading the space. New players continue to enter the market. Without a de-facto leader in this space, it has become necessary for businesses & developers to target multiple devices & MOSs in order to establish a relevant presence within their target audience. Cross-platform Mobile Development Tools (XMTs) were born out of this need to reduce developer effort in creating mobile applications by providing “write once run anywhere” (WORA) functionality. However, most of these tools sacrifice performance, features or maintainability in order to provide WORA functionality. Furthermore, these tools only attempt to manage the user interface and related client-side functionality. Most mobile applications need to follow the same principals that guide development of non-mobile web or desktop apps. Typical apps are deployed using an n-tier, cloud-based strategy with substantial functionality delegated to cloud resources. Given the above, there are two parts of an application’s anatomy that don’t get much attention – the cloud middleware functionality, and the database/model management features. In this paper I address these problems through creation of a Mobile-cloud Cross Development (McX) tool-chain that includes a type-safe meta-programming language, an integrated cloud node and, an active compiler. In order to effectively understand the problem with the current state of the art, I use 3 of the leading XMTs alongside the developed McX tool-chain and compare the effectiveness of each. The paper further introduces the language; it’s grammar and semantic structure, and provides discussions on how this approach fits the future of cross-platform, cloud-integrated mobile application development along with the associated issues and areas for further research.

ABSTRAKAda banyak cara bagi anak-anak untuk belajar, salah satu diantaranya melalui bermaindan bernyanyi. Apapun yang mereka pelajari, metode ini dapat dianggap sebagai metode yangpaling efektif sekaligus menyenangkan. Karena bermain dan bernyanyi adalah bagian darikehidupan anak-anak, masa kanak-kanak, dinamika belajar ini sesuai untuk mengembangkandaya pikir anak-anak melalui tawa ria. Tak ada yang harus mereka khawatirkan, tak perlumenghapalkan aturan-aturan dalam tatabahasa, tak harus menghapalkan kosa kata yangrumit; mereka dapat melupakan semua kesulitan yang dapat membayangi keceriaanmereka tersebut, yang perlu mereka lakukan hanyalah untuk bergabung bersama dengananak-anak lain untuk mengulangi syair-syair yang dinyanyikan, mengikuti gerakan-gerakanyang dicontohkan sambil bernyanyi riang. Ada lebih dari lima puluh siswa sekolah dasar,dari SDN 02, Desa Pantai Bahagia, Muara Gembong, turut berpartisipasi di lokasi tempatpelaksanaan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat se Universitas Padjadjaran SuperCamp 2017untuk mengikuti pengenalan bahasa dan budaya asing. Pengenalan bahasa dan budaya asingmelalui bermain dan bernyanyi ini sebagai bagian dari wujud nyata pengabdian masyarakatFakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Padjadjaran memperlihatkan efek-efek yang positif;anak-anak berpartisipasi penuh karena mereka menganggap mereka tidak sedang belajartapi sedang bermain, mereka paham apa yang harus mereka lakukan meskipun instruksidiberikan dalam bahasa asing, mereka memberikan perhatian penuh pada penjelasanyang diberikan karena mereka tidak ingin ketinggalan gerakan-gerakan yang mereka inginlakukan, dan segala sesuatunya menjadi mudah manakala mereka melakukannya sambilbersenang-senang dan bergembira berkumpul bermain bersama yang lain.Kata kunci: bernyanyi, bermain, Super Camp 2017, SDN Desa Pantai Bahagia 02ABSTRACTThere are many ways for children to learn, one of them is through playing andsinging. No matter what subject they learn, this method can be identified as the most effectiveway as well as fun. Since playing and singing is a part of their life, a childhood life, the dynamicof learning is appropriate to develop their mind through laughter and cheers. They shouldnot worry about memorizing any rules of grammar, any complicated vocabularies; they canforget the hardship surrounding them, all they need to do is just to come along by repeating,imitating, and making some moves while singing. There are more than fifty students of primaryschool, SDN 02, Desa Pantai Bahagia, Muara Gembong, the location of Unpad’s SuperCamp2017 join the activity, the introduction of foreign language and culture. The introduction tosome foreign languages and cultures through playing and singing which is given as a partof Universitas Padjadjaran’s community service, ‘Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat’, showspositive effects; the children participate fully as they feel like they are not studying but264 | METAHUMANIORA, Vol. 7, Nomor 2 September 2017: 263—272Erlina, 2Yuyu Yohana Risagarniwa, 3Taufik Amperaplaying, they understand what to do though the instruction is in foreign languages, they payattention to the explanation as they do not want to miss the move they want to do. Andanything becomes easy when they are having fun and happy gathering together with others.Keywords: singing, playing, SuperCamp 2017, SDN Desa Pantai Bahagia 02

ABSTRAKAda banyak cara bagi anak-anak untuk belajar, salah satu diantaranya melalui bermaindan bernyanyi. Apapun yang mereka pelajari, metode ini dapat dianggap sebagai metode yangpaling efektif sekaligus menyenangkan. Karena bermain dan bernyanyi adalah bagian darikehidupan anak-anak, masa kanak-kanak, dinamika belajar ini sesuai untuk mengembangkandaya pikir anak-anak melalui tawa ria. Tak ada yang harus mereka khawatirkan, tak perlumenghapalkan aturan-aturan dalam tatabahasa, tak harus menghapalkan kosa kata yangrumit; mereka dapat melupakan semua kesulitan yang dapat membayangi keceriaanmereka tersebut, yang perlu mereka lakukan hanyalah untuk bergabung bersama dengananak-anak lain untuk mengulangi syair-syair yang dinyanyikan, mengikuti gerakan-gerakanyang dicontohkan sambil bernyanyi riang. Ada lebih dari lima puluh siswa sekolah dasar,dari SDN 02, Desa Pantai Bahagia, Muara Gembong, turut berpartisipasi di lokasi tempatpelaksanaan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat se Universitas Padjadjaran SuperCamp 2017untuk mengikuti pengenalan bahasa dan budaya asing. Pengenalan bahasa dan budaya asingmelalui bermain dan bernyanyi ini sebagai bagian dari wujud nyata pengabdian masyarakatFakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Padjadjaran memperlihatkan efek-efek yang positif;anak-anak berpartisipasi penuh karena mereka menganggap mereka tidak sedang belajartapi sedang bermain, mereka paham apa yang harus mereka lakukan meskipun instruksidiberikan dalam bahasa asing, mereka memberikan perhatian penuh pada penjelasanyang diberikan karena mereka tidak ingin ketinggalan gerakan-gerakan yang mereka inginlakukan, dan segala sesuatunya menjadi mudah manakala mereka melakukannya sambilbersenang-senang dan bergembira berkumpul bermain bersama yang lain.Kata kunci: bernyanyi, bermain, Super Camp 2017, SDN Desa Pantai Bahagia 02ABSTRACTThere are many ways for children to learn, one of them is through playing andsinging. No matter what subject they learn, this method can be identified as the most effectiveway as well as fun. Since playing and singing is a part of their life, a childhood life, the dynamicof learning is appropriate to develop their mind through laughter and cheers. They shouldnot worry about memorizing any rules of grammar, any complicated vocabularies; they canforget the hardship surrounding them, all they need to do is just to come along by repeating,imitating, and making some moves while singing. There are more than fifty students of primaryschool, SDN 02, Desa Pantai Bahagia, Muara Gembong, the location of Unpad’s SuperCamp2017 join the activity, the introduction of foreign language and culture. The introduction tosome foreign languages and cultures through playing and singing which is given as a partof Universitas Padjadjaran’s community service, ‘Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat’, showspositive effects; the children participate fully as they feel like they are not studying but264 | METAHUMANIORA, Vol. 7, Nomor 2 September 2017: 263—272Erlina, 2Yuyu Yohana Risagarniwa, 3Taufik Amperaplaying, they understand what to do though the instruction is in foreign languages, they payattention to the explanation as they do not want to miss the move they want to do. Andanything becomes easy when they are having fun and happy gathering together with others.Keywords: singing, playing, SuperCamp 2017, SDN Desa Pantai Bahagia 02

The study was conducted to understand the language learning anxieties and how these affect students’ speaking performance. It also attempted to give clarifications on the conflicting researches on the relationship between language anxiety and oral performance. Data was collected among 150 college freshmen enrolled in a semestral six-unit English course at the University of Mindanao, Panabo Campus. Using the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scales (FLCAS) by Howritz, Howritz, and Cope (1986) and standardized telephone conversation activity test to determine the language anxiety and oral performance of respondents respectively, the researchers found that language anxiety specifically apprehension had an effect on oral performance in pronunciation, grammar, comprehension, fluency, and vocabulary while tension impinged grammar. However, results generally revealed no significant relationship between language learning anxiety and oral performance. It is noteworthy to point out that tension, nervousness, and worry do not affect respondents’ oral performance. The researchers attributed this result to the respondents’ awareness of their weaknesses in the spoken English, to the length of time they were exposed in learning the English language and to the type of learning environment the respondents had.Keywords: Language learning anxiety, Oral Performance, College Freshmen students, University of Mindanao Panabo Campus

Bibliography: leaves 526-532. A description of the grammar of Worora, a language from the north west Kimberley region of Western Australia, proceeds along pedagogical lines. Introducing the speakers of Worora and their history and society, and the nature of the land in which they used to live, as well as to the manner and circumstances in which this account came to be written; describing in outline six important lexical categories, essential to a basic understanding of the grammar.