Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „World Regional Geography (Continents, Countries, Regions)“
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Zotov, Dmitrii. „Implementation of the Country Study Approach When Teaching the General Features of the Earth’s Nature in the 7th Grade Geography Course (on the Example of the Topic «Lithosphere and Terrain of the Earth»)“. Profession-Oriented School 11, Nr. 5 (25.10.2023): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0744-2023-11-5-38-45.
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The article aims to investigate the role of the country study approach in the 7th grade geography course «Continents, oceans, peoples and countries». The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the country study approach is widely used when teaching school geography, its role in teaching is constantly increasing as it provides a comprehensive study of the territories and water areas of the Earth, large regions and countries of the world. The purpose of this article is to identify the possible ways to implement the country-study approach while studying the general features of the nature of the Earth during the 7th grade geography course. The article analyzes the main goals and structure of the course «Continents, oceans, peoples and countries». The author describes the possibilities of implementing the country study approach when studying the general features of the nature of our planet using the topic «Lithosphere and terrain of the Earth» as an example. The most successful methodological methods for its implementation are mentioning regions, countries and cities of the world, their geographical location and other information, as well as their distinctive features related to the topic of the lesson. Accordingly, the application of the country study approach when teaching the general features of the Earth’s nature in the course «Continents, oceans, peoples and countries» helps students to explore the main features of the Earth’s geospheres on the example of various territories of the world. The materials presented in the article confirm the importance of applying the regional approach in studying the general features of the nature of the Earth in the 7th grade geography course and illustrate the possibilities of its implementation. The material of this article can be used by geography teachers when lesson planning on the topic of the lithosphere and the terrain of the Earth.
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Amjad, Faiza, und Naheed Zia Khan. „External Determinants of Growth and Growth Projections: SAARC and Pakistan“. Pakistan Development Review 43, Nr. 4II (01.12.2004): 737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i4iipp.737-755.
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The world is increasingly being divided into regions. The regional trading blocs are becoming more and more deepened and widened around the globe. The European Union (EU) has already reached a stage approximating to the trading relations usually found within a country rather than between the countries. The existence of regional economic groups, particularly in European and American continents, pose a range of theoretical, empirical and organisational questions for developing countries like Pakistan who depend on the countries of these regions for a significantly high share of their international trade. This paper focuses on the prospects of extended economic cooperation of Pakistan with the member countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).1 The argument is structured around three parts. Part I reviews the theoretical rationale of regional economic cooperation and the recent developments shaping the trading relations within the cooperating blocs. Part II critically evaluates the relative size and significance of the external sector of the SAARC region countries, along with presenting statistical estimates of the major external determinants of the region’s economic growth. Finally, Part III estimates the relationship of major directions of Pakistan’s exports with the economic growth of the country and presents the growth projections by increasing and diverting the exports to the SAARC and ASEAN region countries.
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Stankovic, Stevan. „Man, space and tourism“. Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 103, Nr. 1 (2023): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2301183s.
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Modern tourism is based on numerous and diverse, direct, indirect, occasional and permanent, relations of man, society and space, i.e. the environment in which it takes place. Tourism is a pronounced spatial phenomenon. It takes place on land and sea, on almost all continents and in all countries. Where it is organized on the purposeful valorisation of space, tradition and good organization, it is the basis for achieving satisfactory economic and social effects. That is why local, regional, state and world organizations pay special attention to it. By valorising space, tourism, achieving economic effects, contributes to the enrichment of the balance of payments of receptive regions and countries. Tourism can valorise some objects, phenomena and environmental processes, which are not interesting for other activities, which is important for expanding the field of business.
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Beydik, Oleksandr O., Sergii Yu Syrovets, Nataliia S. Koroma und Mykola A. Molochko. „World mineral deposits in the table of periodic chemical elements“. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, Nr. 4 (22.12.2020): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112057.
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The distribution of mineral deposits and the distribution of chemical elements on the globe are characterized by heterogeneity. A wide range of publications of domestic and foreign specialists - geologists, geographers, geochemists, economists - were dedicated to mineral resources of the world, mineral deposits. During processing the material the comparative-geographical, cartographic (analysis of minerals maps, mineral resources in the context of continents and regions of the world, cartographic interpretation of Mendeleev periodical table), monographic (analysis of fundamental works of leading domestic and foreign geologists and resource scientists, geologists and geologists, and geologists and geologists) directories, multi-volume editions devoted to geology and mineral resources of individual countries and regions of the world) methods, systematic approach, and GIS technologies - all these were used for received data processing and systematization. Explored mineral deposits (current and potential) form on the planet both individual local deposits and geochemical zones – areas where economically valuable chemical elements and their compounds are concentrated, which are diverse in genesis, stocks, and possibilities of exploitation. The largest of the latter is the Appalachians in the US - the Western Hemisphere, the Highveld in South Africa, Khibiny and the Ural Mountains inRussia - the Eastern Hemisphere. The leading countries in which most geochemical resources are extracted from the subsoil are the United States (65% of the total elements of Mendeleev periodical table), Russia (48%), China (38%), Canada (38%), South Africa (30%), Australia, (27%), Kazakhstan (19%), India (14%), Mexico (13%). The ideas about the level of provision of mineral resources and minerals in individual countries and territories of the world were systematized. The Mendeleev periodical table and its mineral and raw content were presented as an objective factor in the international geographical distribution of labor. The illuminated issues are confirmed high density of interdisciplinary links (geology, geography, chemistry, geochemistry, ecology, economics, regional studies, zoning).
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Ncongwane, Katlego P., Joel O. Botai, Venkataraman Sivakumar und Christina M. Botai. „A Literature Review of the Impacts of Heat Stress on Human Health across Africa“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 9 (10.05.2021): 5312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095312.
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Heat stress-related illness attributed to the changing climate, particularly the more frequent extreme high temperatures, is becoming a theme of public concern, especially in the most vulnerable regions, such as the African continent. Knowledge of the existing research directions and gaps on heat stress and human health is vital for informing future strategic research foci capable of influencing policy development, planning, adaptation, and mitigation efforts. In this regard, a bibliometric analysis was conducted, with an emphasis on Africa, to assess regional research contributions to heat stress impacts on human health. The goals of the study were to review publication growth and patterns of the scientific publications and to identify key players (especially collaborating institutions and countries) and the evolution of research themes on the African continent, while paying attention to global trends and emergent hot topics and methodology of heat stress research. Using the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus core collection databases, a structured keyword search was undertaken, which yielded 463 and 58 research publications from around the world and Africa, respectively. The retrieved scientific documents, published between 1968 and 2020, were analyzed and visualized using a bibliometric analysis technique and the VOSviewer software tool. The results indicate low statistics and slow scientific growth in publication output, with the highest peak having been reached in 2018, resulting in 13 scientific publications. While global research collaborations are successfully reflected in the literature, there is a considerable gap in understanding heat stress and related collaborations between African countries and international institutions. The review study has identified key opportunities that can benefit Africa through the expansion of the scope of heat stress and human health research on the continent. These opportunities can be achieved by closing the following research gaps: (1) vulnerability assessments within demographic classes, such as the elderly, (2) personal exposure and associated risks, (3) Urban Heat Island (UHI) evaluation for urban environments, and (4) heat adaptation research, which will enable informed and targeted preventive actions that will limit future heat health impacts. The authors opine that the pursuit of such studies will be most impactful if the current knowledge gaps are bridged through transdisciplinary research supported by local, regional, and international collaborators.
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Muñiz Martínez, Norberto. „Towards a network place branding through multiple stakeholders and based on cultural identities“. Journal of Place Management and Development 9, Nr. 1 (14.03.2016): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-11-2015-0052.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the creation of a place brand for Colombia’s coffee region, within the framework of the evolution of place branding from traditional, one institution-led marketing approaches towards a more modern concept of network branding involving multiple stakeholders. The production of quality coffee in this region has been complemented with the development of coffee-themed rural tourism, which helps Colombia to enhance the value and positioning of its resources in the context of the economic and cultural exchanges inherent in globalisation. Design/methodology/approach Following a theoretical and conceptual analysis of place branding, this paper explores the case of the Coffee Triangle, examining the network of interrelationships involved in the process of business-led coffee branding and place branding by public institutions to achieve a dynamic identity asset shared by various parties. This study entailed fieldwork in Colombia to visit the region and hold meetings with managers in public administration, representative companies in the region and various social groups and entities. Findings Following a conceptual analysis which attempts to demonstrate the evolution of place branding towards a more holistic, multi-party and networked approach, the case study confirms the formation of complex interactions between stakeholders and public and private institutions at the local, regional, national and even international level. Practical/implications This successful initiative can serve as an example for other food production regions in emerging countries, helping them to improve their positions in global scenarios and enhance the value of their physical products through a heightened awareness and appreciation of the culture associated with these natural environments and landscapes. Synergies between business and place branding are also analysed. Originality/value This paper looks at an instance of place branding involving multiple stakeholders and on the basis of cultural and dynamic identity. It comprises an inter-regional case study in Colombia. South America is a sub-continent where some interesting and successful place projects are being implemented that add nuances to global economic and cultural dialogue, which has probably focused mainly on the Western world and the industrial nations of Asia.
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Kowalska, Anna, Jacek Wolski, Andrzej Norbert Affek, Edyta Regulska und Ewa Roo-Zielińska. „Wykorzystanie zdjęć fitosocjologicznych w najnowszych badaniach środowiska przyrodniczego = The use of phytosociological relevés in recent studies of the natural environment“. Przegląd Geograficzny 93, Nr. 3 (2021): 311–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2021.3.1.
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The aim of this work was to review the latest literature in terms of the use of phytosociological relevés (vegetation plots) in research on the natural environment. The systematic review included 321 articles published in 2010‑2021 in the most renowned journals (indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection with a score ≥100 according to the 2021 list of journals of the Poland’s Ministry of Education and Science). The research questions were: in which fields of science and practice, for what purposes and on what spatial scales the phytosociological relevés are currently used. After initial review, the articles were divided into 10 thematic groups: 1) classification of plant communities, 2) methodological studies, 3) relationship between vegetation and other elements of the environment, 4) occurrence of invasive plant species, 5) indicative role of vegetation, 6) plant communities as habitats for animals, 7) human footprint on vegetation, 8) long-term vegetation changes, 9) combining phytosociological methods with remote sensing methods, 10) social studies. The results showed that phytosociological relevés, as the method to investigate vegetation developed in the first decades of the 20th century, are still widely used in many regions of the world. The most numerous thematic group comprised articles that show how habitat conditions impact the distribution and diversity of plant species and their communities, while the least numerous – studies combining natural and social research. The vast majority of research was dedicated to environmental problems, although social and economic aspects were also present. These were both theoretical and methodological works, as well as detailed studies, which resulted in the formation of recommendations and practical guidelines for nature protection or spatial planning. Recently, relevés have been rarely used solely to distinguish and characterise plant communities, as originally intended by those who invented this method. However, thanks to modern statistical and computer tools, more and more attempts are being made to create automatic classifications with the use of artificial intelligence, e.g. neural networks. The geographic scope was usually restricted to one country (local and regional – 241 articles) or to two or more bordering countries (47). Continental (19) and global (7) studies are less common and studies within Europe prevail. It is because the discussed method was developed and is best known in Europe (Franco-Swiss Phytosociological School), and its dissemination throughout the world is only an evidence of its universality and efficiency. The recent larger-scale studies became possible mainly due to the development of transnational vegetation databases, e.g. the widely utilised European Vegetation Database – EVA.
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Fylypovych, Liudmyla O. „Geography of Religion“. Ukrainian Religious Studies, Nr. 8 (22.12.1998): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1998.8.181.
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The geography of religions is one of the religious sciences, which is intended to study the spatial pattern of the process of the origin and distribution of different religions, to give a modern religious map of the world and statistical data on the spread of different religions, to predict the prospects of changing confessions in the territorial configuration of their activities. Within this science, the role of the natural factor in the emergence and distribution of religions of a certain denominational certainty in different countries and continents is explored, the autochthonality of certain religious entities of certain geographical regions is revealed, it turns out in the historical retrospect of the appearance of other religions there and, accordingly, the fate of local currents, the spread world religions, the conditions of origin and ways of possible overcoming of inter-confessional and interreligious confrontation are considered, the relationship between ethnic and religious denominations in religious mobility is revealed, mapping of religions is carried out.
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Zhou, Xinsheng, Qinyang Guo, Yuanyuan Wang und Guofeng Wang. „Trade and Embodied CO2 Emissions: Analysis from a Global Input–Output Perspective“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 21 (07.11.2022): 14605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114605.
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Global trade drives the world’s economic development, while a large amount of embodied carbon is transferred among different countries and regions. Based on a multi-regional input–output model, the trade embodied carbon transfers of bilateral trade between 185 countries/regions around the world were calculated. On the basis, regional trade embodied carbon transfer patterns and major national trade patterns in six continents, eight major economic cooperation organizations, and six representative countries/regions were further analyzed. The results showed that Europe was the continent with the largest embodied carbon inflows from trade and Africa was the continent with the largest embodied carbon outflows from trade. China was the country which had the largest embodied carbon outflows from trade, while the United States, France, Japan, and Germany were countries which had embodied carbon inflows from trade. OECD, EU, and NAFTA were the economic cooperation organizations with embodied carbon inflows from trade, while BRICS, SCO, RCEP, OPEC, and ASEAN were economic cooperation organizations with embodied carbon outflows from trade. Developed countries such as the United States, France, and the United Kingdom protected their environment by exporting high-value products and importing low-value and carbon-intensive products. Developing countries such as China and Russia earned foreign exchange by exporting carbon-intensive and commodity products at a huge environmental cost. In contrast, Germany, China, and Russia played different roles in the global industrial chain, while Germany exchanged more trade surpluses at lower environmental costs. Therefore, for different countries and regions, their own industries should be actively upgraded to adjust the import and export structure, the cooperation and coordination in all regions of the world should be strengthened, and the transfers of embodied carbon needs to be reduced to make the trade model sustainable.
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Pavía, José Manuel, und Bernardí Cabrer. „On Distributing Quarterly National Growth among Regions“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2008): 2453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a39132.
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In many countries a very important fraction of public expenditure is managed by regional authorities. However, in a world where economic life has quickened and become more turbulent, subnational institutions rarely have a timely regional macroeconomic picture at their disposal. The authors propose a guide to a method for estimating quarterly accounts of regions from the national quarterly and annual regional accounts, by the use of a temporal structure which eliminates possible spurious jumps. The robustness of the process and suggested practicalities are tested, and the proposal is also shown to produce better estimates than other uniregional methods often used in this framework.
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Pandey, Hemant Kumar, und Akhilesh Dwivedi. „STRATEGIC ROLE OF INDIAN NAVY IN IOR AT PRESENT“. SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE 9, Nr. 46 (25.03.2021): 11318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v9i46.1541.
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The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) turned out to be the most engaging region for global activities in recent years. The Indian Ocean consists of the most important trade routes of the world. The Indian Ocean provides a way to move through various regions of the world. World's huge economic players always keep an eye on the IOR for its strategic importance. The Indian Ocean is a gateway to the Atlantic Ocean through the Mediterranean Sea via the Red Sea and it also provides a way to the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Malacca. It is the main shipping channel for the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The Indian Ocean region is spread over 28 states, three continents and covers 17.5% of the global land area. The IOR is home to almost 36% of the population of the world. The region is proven to have a rich petroleum resources and other metals. Indian Ocean is also a rich source of fish and its export. Major Sea routes of the world pass through the Indian Ocean that connects the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has become a home for economic developments, disputes, conflicts, and competition for regional influence by regional and extra-regional powers. The Trade flow from IOR across the globe has its importance for the global economy as well as regional countries. The growing presence of regional power (China) is a major concern for India and other regional countries and that has compelled them to reshape their maritime strategies. This article aims to state the importance of IOR in Indian reference and Chinese presence in IOR and its strategies.
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Burzyński, Michał, Frédéric Docquier und Hendrik Scheewel. „The geography of climate migration“. Journal of Demographic Economics 87, Nr. 3 (29.03.2021): 345–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2021.6.
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AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the long-term effects of climate change on the mobility of working-age people. We use a world economy model that covers almost all the countries around the world, and distinguishes between rural and urban regions as well as between flooded and unflooded areas. The model is calibrated to match international and internal mobility data by education level for the last 30 years, and is then simulated under climate change variants. We endogenize the size, dyadic, and skill structure of climate migration. When considering moderate climate scenarios, we predict mobility responses in the range of 70–108 million workers over the course of the twenty-first century. Most of these movements are local or inter-regional. South–South international migration responses are smaller, while the South–North migration response is of the “brain drain” type and induces a permanent increase in the number of foreigners in OECD countries in the range of 6–9% only. Changes in the sea level mainly translate into forced local movements. By contrast, inter-regional and international movements are sensitive to temperature-related changes in productivity. Lastly, we show that relaxing international migration restrictions may exacerbate the poverty effect of climate change at origin if policymakers are unable to select/screen individuals in extreme poverty.
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Beydik, O. „INDIGENOUS MINERAL DEPOSITS IN THE TABLE D. I. MENDELEEV: WORLD DIMENSION“. Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, Nr. 74 (2019): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2019.74.3.
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Geography of mineral deposits and the distribution of chemical elements on the globe are characterized by heterogeneity. Mineral resources of the world, mineral deposits are devoted to a large array of publications of domestic and foreign specialists – geologists, geographers, geochemists, economists. During the mastering of the material, comparative-geographical, cartographic (analysis of maps of mineral resources, mineral resources in the context of continents and regions of the world), monographic (fundamental works of leading domestic and foreign geologists and resource scientists, geological and mineral reference books and dictionaries, multi-volume editions, devoted to the geology and mineral resources of individual countries and regions of the world) methods, systematic approach, in the processing and systematization of data used modern no computer technology. The explored deposits of mineral raw materials (actual and potential) form on the planet as separate local deposits, as well as geochemical zones – areas where concentrated economically valuable chemical elements and their compounds (minerals and rocks) are diverse in genesis (origin), stocks, exploitation possibilities. The largest of them are Appalachians in the USA – Western Hemisphere, High Velt in South Africa, Hibiny and Ural in Russia – Eastern Hemisphere. Leading countries in the territory where most of the geochemical raw materials are mined from the bowels are the USA (65 % of the total number of elements of the table), Russia (48 %), China (38 %), Canada (38 %), South Africa (30 %), Australia (27 %), Kazakhstan (19 %), India (14 %), Mexico (13 %). Systematized representations about the level of provision of mineral raw materials and minerals of individual countries and territories of the world. D. I. Mendeleev’s table and its mineral raw materials are presented as an objective factor of the international geographical division of labour. The given data reveal an adequate level of provision of countries and territories with mineral resources. The highlighted problem has confirmed the high density of interdisciplinary connections (geography, geology, geochemistry, economics, regionalisms). The given data can be implemented in the latest programs of reformed education in Ukraine.
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Fornari, Fabio Gonçalves Pais, und Thiago Allis. „The role of regionalism for tourism: an analysis of responses to Covid-19 in the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations“. Turismo - Visão e Ação 24, Nr. 1 (08.03.2022): 2–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/rtva.v24n1.p2-24.
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This article analyses the role of regional integration schemes in the management of the COVID-19 crisis and the policies towards the tourism sector, focusing on the policies and strategies developed by the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) during the pandemic crisis. It presents the concepts of old and new regionalism from the International Relations field of studies and how regional integration correlates with policies and strategies for tourism, which have been put to the test by the need to bring the activity to a halt. This is an exploratory article, which relies on a qualitative methodology based on documental research, content analysis and access to secondary data. It presents the hypothesis that the tourism sectors from countries which are part of regional organisations benefit from these structures, once they provide mechanisms for developing coordinated
recovery plans and the management of tourism mobilities. As a conclusion, the article provides a possible scenario where tourism will take place in a “world of regions”, with long-haul transit between continents returning at a slower pace in comparison with a faster restart of the activity within “intraregional bubbles”, such as the EU and ASEAN.
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Martinovych, Pavlo. „THE INFLUENCE OF THE SMART-ECONOMY OF THE REGIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN COMPETITIVENESS“. Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, Nr. 63 (21.12.2021): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.63.2021.248416.
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The study is devoted to revealing the economic essence of the smart economy of the region and identifying areas of influence of such specialization on increasing the competitiveness and innovation activity of the region. It is determined that the concept of digital economy development presupposes the relationship between science, education and economy, and in the context of regional development we are talking about the triad "business science-community". According to these relations, the goal of the smart economy is the optimal use of the potential of individual regions and countries through the maximum adaptation of possible areas of science and education in these regions or countries to their specific socio-economic conditions. It is established that the main advantage of systemic development at the regional level is the increase of its competitiveness and innovation activity, as the presence of innovations in the modern globalized world is the main factor of economic growth.
The article reviews the origins of the smart specialization approach in strategic planning at the regional and local levels, which is defined in the "Methodology for developing, monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of regional development strategies and action plans for their implementation" and the Cabinet of Ministers of November 11, 2015 № 932 "On approval of the Procedure for developing regional development strategies and action plans for their implementation, as well as monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of these regional strategies and action plans." The author formulates a scientific problem that needs to be solved in the near future, and also gives a general description of the regions of Ukraine as a basis for choosing a smart specialization. It was found that the scientific and methodological support of the processes of smart specialization implementation remains insufficient, there is a lack of both specialized applied research and targeted assistance to specific regions and territorial communities.
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Kyrychenko, D. V. „Experience of State and Regional Reconstruction Following Military Conflicts After World War II“. Constructive geography and rational use of natural resources, Nr. 4 (2024): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2786-4561.2024.4.special-11/19.
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The article analyzes the international experience of recovery and reconstruction of affected countries and regions in the post-war period of the second half of the 20th century. The author examines the effectiveness of the Marshall Plan, the Monnet Plan, and the economic development of the state of Israel in the context of Arab-Israeli conflicts. The paper provides a general overview of the geography of wars after World War II and gives examples of changes in war technology, indicating a reconsideration of approaches to understanding the term "war." The purpose of the article is to study in detail the experience of other states that have been affected by war and to assess the effectiveness of recovery programs.
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Avdiushchenko, Anna. „Toward a Circular Economy Regional Monitoring Framework for European Regions: Conceptual Approach“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 12 (24.11.2018): 4398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124398.
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This paper presents the development of a concept for a circular economy (CE) regional monitoring framework for European countries, an example that can be used by regional policymakers as a supportive instrument for faster and more effective implementation of the CE model of regional development. The work identifies appropriate focus areas and ‘pillars’ for such a framework, and proposes key aspects for evaluating CE-based regional development. The concept for the CE regional monitoring framework is divided into a basic (conceptual) level and an applied (practical) level in order to connect the concept of CE with its practical implementation, evaluation, and monitoring in a given region. The study also highlights the European context of the CE concept and its similarities and differences in relation to existing CE concepts around the world.
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Martinovych, Pavlo. „SMART SPECIALIZATION OF THE REGION: FUNDAMENTALS OF FORMATION, DEVELOPMENT AND DISSEMINATION“. Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, Nr. 67 (22.12.2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.67.2022.278783.
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The article is devoted to the development of theoretical foundations of the concept of smart specialization at the regional level, the search for "smart" strategies and the dissemination of relevant processes, as well as of prerequisites that contribute to the sustainable development of regions. It is determined that the theories of uneven development and regional imbalance serve as a basis and starting point for the formation of smart specialization processes in the regions. The main postulates of the development of smart specialization in terms of economic schools, which emphasize the importance of technological progress for the growth of the economy and the country's competitiveness, are systematized. The main stages of the development and dissemination of smart specialization in the market space are highlighted. It has been established that smart specialization is an innovative tool of the EU, which contributes to the progressive development of the regional economy due to strategic approaches to the regional environment. The European Commission considers the renewal of European industry and the economy in general through the development of smart specialization strategies. The main criteria of modern regional innovation strategies in terms of the formation of smart specialization have been identified. Possibilities of smart specialization in the development of the country's regions have been proven.
Thus, smart specialization contributes to the transformation of regions into world-class European regional clusters through strategic growth priorities, which is reflected in relevant theories and concepts of regional development. In view of wide prospects offered by smart specialization, as well as taking into account the need to deepen cooperation between our country and EU countries within the framework of the European Good Neighbor Policy, it is necessary to disseminate the innovative culture of regional development and cooperation in Ukraine. The experience accumulated by European countries, which have a successful experience of implementing smart specialization in the regional economy, should be adapted and implemented in the regions of Ukraine to ensure sustainable development and improve the welfare of the country. It is possible to achieve the desired level of the development of the country under the condition of forming a favorable innovation climate within each region and introducing a system of mutually beneficial cooperation of all participants within the framework of smart specialization.
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Kolosov, V. A., und N. A. Sluka. „The Contribution of A.E. Sluka to the Development of Russian Human Geography of the Foreign World“. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk Seriya Geograficheskaya 87, Nr. 3 (01.05.2023): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s258755662303007x.
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The authors analyze the contribution of the Honored Professor of Moscow State University A.E. Sluka to the development of the Soviet and Russian school of socioeconomic regional studies of the foreign world. It is possible to distinguish three key areas in the studies of the scholar, who relied on the works of his teachers–the founders of contemporary national human geography N.N. Baranskii and I.A. Vitver: geography of France, demogeography of Europe, and geography of the Greater Paris. From today’s standpoint, the significance of A.E. Sluka publications on France consist in the accuracy of the characteristics of its regions as a basis for understanding the territorial shifts and the social situation, and the evolution of regional politics in the country and other European countries. A.E. Sluka believed that the experience of regional policy in France (in French terms, aménagement du territoire) is important for Russia. The scientist was a leading Russian specialist in demogeography and one of the first to draw attention to the relation between the population dynamics of the region and its main structures with the migration component. He made a considerable contribution to the comparative study of the natural movement and mobility of the population in the countries of Western Europe by regions. A significant place in the work of A.E. Sluka belonged to the Greater Paris. In the author’s works, the periods of prosperity and decline of the city are linked with world events, its functions, and the emergence of global economy. A multiscale approach was applied, which made it possible to identify the place of the Paris urban agglomeration in the settlement systems of different levels, the economy and political life of the region, the country and Europe as a whole. The studies of A.E. Sluka created a basis for many academic courses and was developed in the works of his students and the scholars of the Institute of Urban Economics, the Institute of Demography and the Institute of Urban Studies of the HSE University, the Faculty of Linguistics and Regional Studies and the Institute of Social Sciences of Moscow State University and other institutions.
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Zgurovsky, Michael, Kostiantyn Yefremov, Sergii Gapon und Ivan Pyshnograiev. „Research of food security problems of the war-torn regions of Ukraine using geomatics methods“. System research and information technologies, Nr. 1 (30.03.2023): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/srit.2308-8893.2023.1.01.
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Every year, the world faces new difficult challenges in maintaining global security. Compliance with food security principles is an important component of the global context of world development. Recent military conflicts have had a strong impact on the development of regions that provide food for millions of people around the world. Ukraine plays a key role in providing agricultural products to the population of countries from different continents. The article is devoted to the study of the state of agricultural crops in a regional section during the period of active hostilities by means of geomatics, which allow one to assess the degree of transformation of sustainable farming quickly, determine the trend of the development of the industry, and calculate the likely scale of changes in the obtained products in the coming years. As a result, with the help of deep learning models integrated into geoinformation systems, the boundaries of agricultural fields in the Kherson and Zaporizhia regions were determined, the state of moisture and bioproductivity of agricultural crops was determined for three years, an analysis of changes has been made in the state of agricultural fields under the influence of new factors of conducting active hostilities during the first half of 2022, the next harvest productivity forecast was made in two southern regions of Ukraine. The study was carried out by the team of the World Data Center for Geoinformatics and Sustainable Development of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. It was part of research on the analysis of the behavior of complex socio-economic systems and processes of sustainable development in the context of the quality and safety of people’s lives.
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Mizik, Tamás, Ákos Szerletics und Attila Jámbor. „Agri-Food Export Competitiveness of the ASEAN Countries“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 23 (25.11.2020): 9860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239860.
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Agri-food trade competitiveness analyses are relatively understudied in the empirical literature with many countries/regions missing. The novelty of this paper to analyze the agri-food export competitiveness patterns of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), thereby aiming to fill this gap in the literature. Our research questions include which countries and products are competitive in the ASEAN region in agri-food trade; whether raw materials or processed products are more competitive; whether regional or global agri-food trade is more competitive and how persistent competitiveness is in the long run. The paper is based on ASEAN–ASEAN and ASEAN–world agri-food trade flows from 2010 to 2018, thereby global and regional competitiveness patterns have become visible. Results suggest that Myanmar (18.88), Laos (8.21) and the Philippines (5.36) have the highest levels of agri-food trade competitiveness in the world market, while in regional markets, Laos (17.17), Cambodia (15.46) and Myanmar (12.39) were the most competitive. Both raw materials, as well as processed products, are generally competitive, and regional trade, in general, was more competitive than global trade for the majority of the countries. However, results suggest a generally decreasing trend in keeping these competitive positions, which is also supported by the duration tests. Survival chances of 98% at the beginning of the period fell to 0–25% by the end of the period, significant at all levels, suggesting that a generally fierce competition exists for ASEAN countries in global as well as regional agri-food trade.
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Arbel, Yuval, Chaim Fialkoff, Amichai Kerner und Miryam Kerner. „COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality Factors“. REGION 10, Nr. 3 (27.08.2023): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v10i3.455.
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This study investigates the scope of morbidity and mortality from SARS-COV2 virus at a country-wide level based on three central risk factors: population density, median age, and per capita hospital beds. Given that the relative weight following a change in equal units of measurement has not been examined on a country-wide level, we use empirical models with standardized coefficients. Information for this study was obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) data base, which encompasses 162 countries, and spans five continents from January 22, 2020, to January 21, 2022. Referring to projected COVID-19 infection and mortality rates, and following a one standard deviation increase, the influence of these independent variables may be ranked as follows: Infection -- 1) the median age of the country's population; 2) number of hospital beds per thousand persons; 3) population density. Mortality -- 1) the median age of the country's population; 2) population density; 3) number of hospital beds per thousand persons. Findings may be of assistance to public policy planners. Given the dominance of the age variable in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, on the one hand, the allocation of resources for future pandemics should grow in countries with older population profiles (European countries). On the other hand, the emphasis in countries with younger populations (African countries) should be on better medical infrastructure in sparser regions.
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Nazir Sandilah, Muddasar, und Hafiz M. Yasin. „Economic Growth and Regional Convergence: The Case of Pakistan.“ Pakistan Development Review 50, Nr. 4II (01.12.2011): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i4iipp.333-353.
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The questions concerning the prevalence of poverty and the deepening gulf between rich and poor have always been the burning issues all over the world. These issues, irrespective of their causation factors, bear far reaching economic and political consequences. The federation of Pakistan displays complex regional diversities; the component units differ not only in linguistic, cultural, and social characteristics but also in the level of economic development. Although the constitution of Pakistan guaranties equitable shares for all provinces in national resources, the level of growth across regions has not been uniform. During the past half a century, investment in physical and social sectors concentrated in selected parts of the country, particularly in big cities. This practice has led to creation of economic disparities and a number of socio-political problems like terrorism, regional tensions, weakening of the federation and difficulty in arriving at consensus on issues of national interest. Growth theory provides a powerful analytical framework to analyse the issue of regional convergence. Given the assumption of perfect markets, the countries within a geographical region are supposed to converge overtime to a common steady state level of income, provided they are similar in other socio-economic conditions. Put differently, if countries differ significantly in these conditions, then each unit is likely to follow an independent growth path. This is also true for different regions within the same country/ political entity. The objective of this study is to investigate empirically if there is any evidence of convergence across different regions of Pakistan. The study utilises the conventional analytical tools and time series data over the period 1979-2005 for the four provinces, disaggregated into rural and urban sectors. As expected, no evidence of absolute convergence could be observed obviously due to presence of vast differences across the provinces in terms of the growth determinants. In contrast, the income disparities across the regions exhibited a widening tendency during the period under reference. However, the data did support conditional convergence, which implies that different regions followed independent growth paths. The findings further indicate that certain socio-economic conditions are crucial to explain the persistence of income disparities. The question as to why these conditions differ so widely across the different parts of Pakistan is often discussed at different economic and political forums. The study concludes with some policy recommendations that may improve the situation. JEL classification: 047, R11, O53, C33 Keywords: Economic Growth, Convergence, Regional Disparities, Human Capital
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Cordova, M. L. „Impacts of North-South Cooperation on World Regional Growth: A Simulation“. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 4, Nr. 2 (Juni 1986): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c040221.
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Under the optic of North-South cooperation, the impacts that optimistic policies and assumptions have on future economic growth of centrally planned economies, nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), less developed nations (excluding OPEC nations), and developed capitalist nations are examined using a simulation of a four-region world econometric model, COLD. Special focus is given to developing and developed regions, and it is suggested that the level of effort required to implement a North-South cooperation is relatively modest and economically viable for the donor developed region while being significant for the development of the recipient less developed region. The conclusion suggests that—being morally correct—North-South cooperation, if wisely and creatively implemented, may have a favorable economic effect on the donor region while helping decisively to improve the situation of the Third World.
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Kester, John G. C. „WTO Tourism Market Trends, Edition 2002 and the International Year of Ecotourism 2002“. Tourism Economics 8, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2002): 463–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101298232.
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WTO's Tourism Market Trends, Edition 2002 series of regional reports offers a comprehensive and timely analysis of tourism trends in the world and the various regions, sub-regions and countries. The six volumes of the series contain a consistent set of 2001 results including a detailed examination of the effects on international tourism of the 11 September attacks and the economic downturn experienced in 2001. Furthermore, this year's series also pays special attention to the International Year of Ecotourism celebrated in 2002. This edition of ‘Databank’ gives an overview of the main results for the previous year.
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Dovana, Francesco, Paolo Gonthier und Matteo Garbelotto. „Inter- and Intra-Continental Genetic Variation in the Generalist Conifer Wood Saprobic Fungus Phlebiopsis gigantea“. Forests 12, Nr. 6 (06.06.2021): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060751.
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Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jülich is a well-known generalist conifer wood saprobe and a biocontrol fungus used in several world countries to prevent stump infection by tree pathogenic Heterobasidion fungal species. Previous studies have reported the presence of regional and continental genetic differentiation in host-specific fungi, but the presence of such differentiation for generalist wood saprobes such as P. gigantea has not been often studied or demonstrated. Additionally, little information exists on the distribution of this fungus in western North America. The main purposes of this study were: (I) to assess the presence of P. gigantea in California, (II) to explore the genetic variability of P. gigantea at the intra and inter-continental levels and (III) to analyze the phylogeographic relationships between American and European populations. Seven loci (nrITS, ML5–ML6, ATP6, RPB1, RPB2, GPD and TEF1-α) from 26 isolates of P. gigantea from coniferous forests in diverse geographic distribution and from different hosts were analyzed in this study together with 45 GenBank sequences. One hundred seventy-four new sequences were generated using either universal or specific primers designed in this study. The mitochondrial ML5–ML6 DNA and ATP6 regions were highly conserved and did not show differences between any of the isolates. Conversely, DNA sequences from the ITS, RPB1, RPB2, GPD and TEF1-α loci were variable among samples. Maximum likelihood analysis of GPD and TEF1-α strongly supported the presences of two different subgroups within the species but without congruence or geographic partition, suggesting the presence of retained ancestral polymorphisms. RPB1 and RPB2 sequences separated European isolates from American ones, while the GPD locus separated western North American samples from eastern North American ones. This study reports the presence of P. gigantea in California for the first time using DNA-based confirmation and identifies two older genetically distinct subspecific groups, as well as three genetically differentiated lineages within the species: one from Europe, one from eastern North America and one from California, with the latter presumably including individuals from the rest of western North America. The genetic differentiation identified here among P. gigantea individuals from coniferous forests from different world regions indicates that European isolates of this fungus should not be used in North America (or vice versa), and, likewise, commercially available eastern North American P. gigantea isolates should not be used in western North America forests. The reported lack of host specificity of P. gigantea was documented by the field survey and further reinforces the need to only use local isolates of this biocontrol fungus, given that genetically distinct exotic genotypes of a broad generalist microbe may easily spread and permanently alter the microbial biodiversity of native forest ecosystems.
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Uryupina, Alisa Eduardovna. „Problems of Implementing the EU's Inter-regional Policy in the Asian Direction“. Мировая политика, Nr. 4 (April 2022): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8671.2022.4.38967.
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Interregionalism occupies an important place in the foreign policy of the European Union, because through it the EU seeks to expand its presence in various regions of the world and export its norms, views and values. The promising, rapidly developing Asian region is no exception. This article is devoted to the study of the process of building an inter–regional policy by the European Union in the Asian direction, namely with the largest regional association in the region - the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors hindering the building of effective cooperation between the regions, as well as the creation of a free trade zone (FTA). The main conclusion of this study is that there are a number of obstacles to the creation of the EU-ASEAN intercontinental free trade area, which significantly affect the relations between regional groupings. Firstly, it is the practice of concluding bilateral agreements, used as a springboard for the future FTA. Bilateral agreements have already been successfully signed with individual countries, namely Singapore and Vietnam, but contradictions of both an economic and political nature arise with other ASEAN member countries. Secondly, the existing competition with China and the United States for influence in the region hinders the EU's attempts to pursue its inter-regional policy.
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Storonyanska, Iryna, Olena Ivashko und Elena Mieszajkina. „Trust as a Catalyst of Economic Growth: A National and Regional Breakdown“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 22 (16.11.2022): 15168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215168.
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Given the fact that Ukraine declares a European path of development and considers itself a potential member of the European Union, the study mainly examines the relationship between trust and economic growth in Ukraine and other countries of the world, including post-Soviet countries. The hypothesis that general trust has a positive effect on economic growth in general is tested, and a comparative assessment of the level and factors of trust across the regions of Ukraine has been carried out. The results show an historical tradition of mistrust of the state and its institutions particular to Ukraine as the country where the state has been perceived as foreign by most of the population for over 70 years; exceptional weakness and corruption of state administration, even by the standard of third-world countries; availability of influential and consistent stereotypes, partially universal and partly specific to post-communist countries. It causes polarization in society and within certain social groups and governmental institutions. Ukrainian society is characterized by the waste of symbolic capital of confidence in authorities. Meanwhile, there is some symmetry between mistrust of the system and trust in entities created by people to meet their spiritual, social, psychological, and other needs.
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Ivanov, Ivan A. „REGIONAL AND SEASONAL FEATURES OF INBOUND TOURISM IN ICELAND“. Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, Nr. 3(58) (2021): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2021-3-169-179.
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Iceland is one of the three leading countries in Europe in terms of the share of tourism in the country's economy, while not having a warm climate and specializing in ecological tourism. The most significant growth in tourism occurred in the 2010s, the inbound tourist flow increased more than 4 times, which caused the problem of overtourism. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has suspended the further development of international tourism. The changes in the geography of tourism within the country over the period from 2007 to 2019 are also of research interest. The aim of our study was to identify the geographical features of the inbound tourist flow distribution in Iceland. As a result of cartographic and statistical analysis, the regions of the country most visited by foreign tourists were identified (including tourists from the five leading countries: the USA, Great Britain, Germany, China and France), the tourist load was calculated, seasonal and geographical differences in the distribution of inbound tourist flow across the country were determined using the coefficients of seasonality and tourist flow centralization. We have found that the increase in the volume of the tourist flow reduced the seasonality, however, it practically did not affect the regional distribution proportions, mainly due to the different transport accessibility (Сapital and Southern regions are the most popular among tourists). The article presents a methodology for calculating the tourist attraction index which can be used to assess the attractiveness of a territory for tourists from different countries, to perform cross-country comparisons, as well as to assess the importance of the country's tourist market in the world and predict the recovery of tourism after the removal of sanitary restrictions.
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Simonyan, Renald H. „Russia-European Union and Russian-Chinese borderlands: economic and demographic dimension“. Baltic Region 11, Nr. 3 (2019): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2019-3-3.
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In the modern world, the intensity of inter-civilizational, intercultural and interstate interaction is increasing. Border regions, territories where this interaction involves direct contact, are of great importance in this process. This has given rise to a new area of research — border region studies. The Russian Federation has the longest state border, the largest number of neighbouring countries, and centuries of experience in the peaceful existence and cooperation between different cultures. Most importantly, the country straddles two continents. Located between two principal economic actors (the European Union and China), Russia binds the huge Eurasian continent into a single whole. It is very important to study Russian-European and Russian-Chinese border regions to make full use of their strategic advantages for the economic development of Russia. This task has been especially relevant since the deindustrialization of Russia, which occurred in the 1990s and most deeply affected the economy of the Russian periphery. In this article, I rely on the literature, national and regional statistics, and survey results to essay a border region study — a comparative analysis of the socio-economic and demographic processes taking place in Russia’s western regions bordering on the EU and eastern ones bordering on China. My findings may contribute to providing a rationale for the need to abandon a commodity-driven economic model, as well as to creating a broader theoretical and methodological framework for Russia’s strategy towards its neighbours.
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Wojnicz, Piotr. „WYZWANIA POLITYKI MIGRACYJNEJ FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ – STUDIUM PRAWNE, SOCJOLOGICZNE I GEOPOLITYCZNE (wersja poprawiona)“. Civitas et Lex 5, Nr. 1 (31.03.2015): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/cetl.2036.
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Migration is a mass phenomenon of our time, a permanent phenomenon which takes manyforms, affects all continents and all countries. This phenomenon is one of the most important socialand international issues of the modern world. In this context, the Russian Federation is not freefrom problems arising from migration processes. Migration policy of the Russian Federation isa very important part of that country’s geopolitical game. Location Russia between the EuropeanUnion and China creates considerable scope to influence the shape of migration processes notonly regional but also global. Russia has become a country of immigration. There are two veryimportant aspects in the migration policy of Russia: the internal and external aspects. The internalaspect relates to such phenomena as the fight against the demographic crisis and related deficitsin the labor market, national and religious revival of ethnic groups living in Russia, the low levelof social integration of immigrants. In terms of external migration policy is treated as an instrumentof pressure on the countries of the former Soviet Union, a way of shaping relations with Chinaand the element of national security. Russian migration policy is an active instrument for solvingproblems within the country, as well as a very important foreign policy wizard. Pejorative sideof this policy is that it is planned from above, without taking into account the needs and natureof various Russian regions.
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Mahlakeng, Mahlakeng. „LESOTHO’S WHITE GOLD: A POTENTIAL SOURCE FOR VIRTUAL WATER TRADE“. WILBERFORCE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 8, Nr. 2 (15.09.2023): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/wjss/3202.80.0270.
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In literature, the significance of virtual water trade takes many different shapes. In order to increase regional water use efficiency and attain water security in water-scarce regions and/or countries of the world, virtual water trade among nations and even continents could be utilised as a tool. The economy, diplomacy, and internal and international food security are all benefited by Lesotho’s water resources. One of Lesotho’s most precious resources, water, makes a significant contribution to the country’s prospects for long-term, sustainable economic development. In a setting with significant natural climatic volatility, the World Bank determined that improving water security will be crucial to meeting future demand. Water is widely considered as “white gold” in Lesotho. Water is abundant in Lesotho, a blessed nation. Given its plenty of water and low present water consumption, Lesotho is unlikely to develop either water stress or scarcity in the foreseeable future. Thus, there is still opportunity for expanding water use as a source of income, including virtual water trading. Lesotho needs to take into account the water and food shortages in the waterscarce Gulf region and the idea of virtual water trade, which has significant social, economic, and political advantages. The aim of this paper is to assert the importance of Lesotho’s abundant water resource to the global political and economic landscape, and the discourse of virtual water trade. While countries are minimising their direct or indirect water use of producing strategic agricultural and industrial goods, Lesotho can make use of this situation in order to maximise revenue.
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Kumar, Jagdeep, und Dr Gaurav Kalotra. „Sex-wise Spatial Analysis of in-Migrants in North-Western Region of India“. Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 9, Nr. 10 (07.10.2021): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2021.v09i10.002.
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Migration studies have been a concern as a very important issue among the contemporary scholars of population geographic research. As a third major reason for population change it plays an essential role in the growth of an area and redistribution of the population. Distribution of the population in all the continents and countries is the consequence of long time Migration of people from the old world to the newly discovered countries .from the time immemorial, people tend to migrate from the stage of food gathering and pastoralism to the present stage of highly specialized nature of migration with varying of distribution. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the in-migration in north western India to other Regions (states and Union Territories of India). The analysis is based on the 2001 & 2011 D-2 migration tables of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Chandigarh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Delhi, states, and Union Territories released by the census of India. The study informs that in-migrants in north western India have been enumerated in all states and Union Territories of India. A large number of in-migrants have come from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh not only in 2001but also in 2011.
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Zhyvko, Vitaliy Zapukhlyak und Andriy Zastavny. „DIFFERENCES OF INTEGRATION PRIORITIES OF EUROPE, THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA COUNTRIES“. Economic Analysis, Nr. 30(2) (2020): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.02.024.
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The subject of the study is the integration priorities in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The aim of the article is to identify differences in integration priorities in Europe, the Middle East and Africa and to identify common aspirations in the regions. Methodology (method). Achieve the goal and solve the outlined tasks in the research process used general and special methods: logical, analysis and synthesis, generalization and quantitative comparison, visualization. Results. The main differences between the integration priorities of Europe, the Middle East and Africa are considered. Large-scale integration shifts in the studied regions are singled out and economic and political processes that played a role in the formation of integration groups taking into account interests with the use of various forms of economic integration are detailed. The number of existing regional trade agreements in the regional context by types of agreements is analyzed. Global subjects of world trade by region are studied, taking into account the importance of the EU in the global economy, which is characterized by a high degree of integration processes. The main integration priorities for the EU member states, compliance with a set of rather strict requirements, due to restrictions on production in agriculture and the real sector of the economy, foreign trade specialization and geography of trade flows of the new member states have been identified. It was confirmed that in order to strengthen integration processes it is necessary to take possible approaches to regional integration in institutional and technological terms. The growing role of the Middle East and Africa based on economic and trade processes in the region and the availability of fuel resources is confirmed. The structure of regional integration associations in Africa is considered and the export of goods between the countries of integration associations within groups is studied.
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Fletcher, John, und John Latham. „Databank: Africa“. Tourism Economics 2, Nr. 1 (März 1996): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669600200106.
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Tourism activity and economic performance, particularly in the major tourism generating and receiving countries, are closely linked. The purpose of this section is to provide those indicators which are regarded as being most relevant to international movements and spend. In Volume 1, Number 1, information relating to the global and regional pictures of tourism were presented, together with some specific details regarding tourism activity with respect to the most significant nations. Subsequent issues have concentrated on specific world regions. In this issue, economic indicators relating to tourism in Africa are provided.
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Vuthaluru, Srineil, Prateek Sharma, Sanjib Chowdhury und Chandrakanth Are. „Global epidemiological trends and variations in the burden of gallbladder cancer“. Journal of Surgical Oncology 128, Nr. 6 (11.10.2023): 980–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.27450.
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AbstractBackgroundGallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but lethal malignancy with a dismal prognosis. The aim of this study is to analyze the burdens and trends of GBC across the world based on geography, socioeconomic development (based on human development index [HDI]), and gender.MethodsGLOBOCAN 2020 database was used to extract data (2020−2040) relating to the incidence and mortality of GBC across the world.ResultsAsia had the highest burden of GBC with India and China contributing to majority of the absolute burden. The burden of GBC by age standardized rate was highest in Latin America (Bolivia and Chile) and Southeast Asia (Bangladesh and Nepal). Medium HDI countries had a higher mortality rate compared to very high HDI countries. Females had a higher predilection for GBC across different regions and socioeconomic groups. GBC burden is expected to significantly increase across the world by 2040 with variable trends across different regions, age groups, and genders.ConclusionThe global burden of GBC will significantly increase over the next two decades with marked regional and demographic variations. The results of this study will empower national and global health leaders to develop policies to address the increasing burden of this lethal malignancy.
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Benassi, Federico, Alessia Naccarato und Luca Salvati. „Testing Taylor’s Law in Urban Population Dynamics Worldwide with Simultaneous Equation Models“. Economies 11, Nr. 2 (08.02.2023): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies11020056.
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Knowledge of long-term population trends is still incomplete at the global scale. In this perspective, human and animal ecology has intensively studied the relationship between the Mean (M) size and the Variance (V) of specific attributes of subpopulations within a given regional system. One of the best-known relationships between these two attributes suitable to describe long-term population trends is governed by Taylor’s law (TL). The present article contributes to the recent literature on population trends worldwide by testing the long-term relationship (1950–2015) between the overall variance and mean in the total population of 1857 metropolitan agglomerations in 155 countries classified into 9 world macro-regions. To estimate the unknown parameter(s) of the V–M relation we made use of a simultaneous equation system using both linear (classical TL) and quadratic specifications, with the aim of ascertaining a wide range of simplified (or more complex) association rules between the two dimensions of demographic change. The empirical results show that TL is verified in all nine cases, although a quadratic relationship provides slightly better results than the classical, linear relationship. More specifically, similar estimates for both linear and quadratic relationships were characteristic of ‘new’ demographic continents with more recent and intense urbanization processes (the Americas, and African and Asian countries). The predominance of quadratic relationships characterized regions with long-established urbanization processes, such as Europe, Russia, and, partly, China and the Middle East. The relevance of the TL for a refined understanding of urbanization mechanisms worldwide, and the importance of a quadratic term for distinguishing metropolitan systems that have experienced different development paths, were finally discussed.
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Kryshtanovych, Svitlana, Tetiana Kornieieva, Olga Malinovska, Larysa Sokolik und Maryana Bortnikova. „SMART Management of Sustainable Development of the Region in the Context of Globalization“. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, Nr. 6 (21.10.2022): 1765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.1706010.
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The main purpose of the study is to determine the main stages of SMART management of sustainable development of the region for the countries of Eastern Europe in the context of globalization. The issue of implementing a SMART management system today is relevant and critical for the further optimal functioning of the regional management system. The process of implementing SMART management itself is complex and complex, given this, there is a real need to find new methods for systematizing this process in the regional management system. The methodology involves the application of the method of graphic representation of the functional achievement of the goal. This methodology allows you to depict the main stages of achieving the goals in the beat way. Based on the results of the study, we have formed a graphically step-by-step model of effective SMART management of sustainable development of the region for the countries of Eastern Europe under the influence of globalization. As a result of the formation of this model, we have algorithmized and systematized the process of implementing SMART management of sustainable development of the region for the countries of Eastern Europe in the context of globalization. The use of this model will facilitate the adaptation of regional governance systems to a qualitatively new type of management. The study has limitations and concerns limited access to the socio-economic and sustainable development of the regions. We have taken only the regions of Eastern Europe as an example, but in the future we should expand our graphically step-by-step model of effective SMART management of sustainable development of the region for the countries of Eastern Europe under the influence of globalization for the regions of the whole world.
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Kryshtanovych, Svitlana, Tetiana Kornieieva, Olga Malinovska, Larysa Sokolik und Maryana Bortnikova. „SMART Management of Sustainable Development of the Region in the Context of Globalization“. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, Nr. 6 (21.10.2022): 1765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170610.
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The main purpose of the study is to determine the main stages of SMART management of sustainable development of the region for the countries of Eastern Europe in the context of globalization. The issue of implementing a SMART management system today is relevant and critical for the further optimal functioning of the regional management system. The process of implementing SMART management itself is complex and complex, given this, there is a real need to find new methods for systematizing this process in the regional management system. The methodology involves the application of the method of graphic representation of the functional achievement of the goal. This methodology allows you to depict the main stages of achieving the goals in the beat way. Based on the results of the study, we have formed a graphically step-by-step model of effective SMART management of sustainable development of the region for the countries of Eastern Europe under the influence of globalization. As a result of the formation of this model, we have algorithmized and systematized the process of implementing SMART management of sustainable development of the region for the countries of Eastern Europe in the context of globalization. The use of this model will facilitate the adaptation of regional governance systems to a qualitatively new type of management. The study has limitations and concerns limited access to the socio-economic and sustainable development of the regions. We have taken only the regions of Eastern Europe as an example, but in the future we should expand our graphically step-by-step model of effective SMART management of sustainable development of the region for the countries of Eastern Europe under the influence of globalization for the regions of the whole world.
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Bielikova, N. V., und M. S. Doronina. „Foreign Experience in Solving Problematic Situations in Terms of Regional Development after Military Conflicts“. Business Inform 3, Nr. 530 (2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-3-10-16.
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The military aggression of the RF, which began on the 24th of February 2022, has already led to a huge number of deaths, the loss of industrial enterprises due to their complete or partial damage, the destruction of housing and other social infrastructure. These and other grave consequences together indicate a huge humanitarian catastrophe in our country. Currently, it is impossible to estimate all the losses of Ukrainian economy from the war owing to lack of statistics, but the projected drop in Ukraine’s GDP in 2022 will range from –10% to –40% provided that the active phase of the war lasts no longer than several months and the geography of the occupied territories does not expand. The projected economic decline as a result of hostilities is exacerbated by a sharp decrease in export opportunities due to the blocking of seaports, the loss of metallurgical enterprises, impossible sowing activities because of the mined agricultural fields, etc. As of April 2022, the most war-affected were nine regions of Ukraine, which in 2020 accounted for 30% of the country’s GDP, including the Kharkiv region. Under these conditions, it is useful to study foreign experience in solving problematic situations in terms of post-conflict regional development. The purpose of this article is to generalize foreign experience in solving problematic situations and economic recovery in different world countries together with their regions after military conflicts. The carried out analysis of the impact of military conflicts on the economies of the affected countries indicates the rapid dynamics of the fall in GDP per capita after the military actions. Therefore, the issue of creating effective mechanisms for solving problematic situations in regional development caused by the war arises immediately after the completion of hostilities. The peculiarities of the implementation of the Marshall Plan as an exhaustive example of an effective mechanism for the reconstruction of the economy of European countries and their regions, the elimination of trade barriers, the restoration of production potential, and the development of a democratic society are researched. An analysis of the experience of Yugoslavia after the Second World War, when obtaining assistance from the United States, which allowed to introduce a sufficiently effective State policy to stimulate the socioeconomic development of the country’s troubled regions, is carried out.
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Ubarevičienė, Rūta, Maarten van Ham und Donatas Burneika. „Shrinking Regions in a Shrinking Country: The Geography of Population Decline in Lithuania 2001–2011“. Urban Studies Research 2016 (21.04.2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5395379.
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Shrinking populations have been gaining increasing attention, especially in postsocialist Eastern and Central European countries. While most studies focus on specific cities and regions, much less is known about the spatial dimension of population decline on the national level and the local factors determining spatially uneven population change. This study uses Lithuanian census data from the years 2001 to 2011 to get insight into the geography of population change for the whole country. Lithuania has experienced one of the highest rates of population decline in the world in the last decades. The predictive models show that regional factors have a strong effect on the variation in population change throughout the country but also reveal that sociodemographic and economic area characteristics play a role in the process of decline. Our results give little hope to those who would like to reverse the ongoing trends of population change and emphasize the need for spatial planning to cope with the changes. This is an approach which currently does not exist in practice in Lithuania.
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Zvarych, Roman, und Liudmyla Knysh. „Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the regional structure of international migration flows“. Herald of Economics, Nr. 1(99) (01.02.2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2021.01.033.
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Introduction. International migration is a global process that has affected the populations of all countries and continents. Today, there is a new additional barrier for the world economy and for migrants – the COVID-19 pandemic, which has dramatically affected all forms of human mobility. The pandemic is the crisis of today and is the main problem of international migrants in combination with its consequences: threat to human life, global economic decline, declining migration flows, the crisis of medicine; and governments face additional challenges: finding solutions to compensate economic recession. In addition, international migration processes during the COVID-19 crisis are characterized by the following features: weak demand for labor, declining employment; strict travel restrictions; declining income. In addition to migrant-workers, other categories of international migrants, such as refugees and asylum seekers face problems. Wars, cataclysms, natural disasters and other catastrophes happen, but due to the pandemic, the recipient countries have stopped accepting migrants. This situation creates an economic threat to both migrant donor countries and migrant recipient countries and changes the regional structure of migration flows. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a set of fundamental provisions of crisis theory, international migration theory, the world systems theory of migration, as well as modern concepts of post pandemic development. The solution of the set tasks was carried out by using a set of general scientific research methods: analysis of scientific literature, method of analogy and comparison, theoretical synthesis, classification, methodological generalization, economic and statistical analysis: correlation-regression analysis and the corresponding regression model, cluster analysis; expert assessments and scientific abstraction.The purpose of research – is to analyze the COVID-19 impact assessment on the recipients of international migration flows and define the impact of the pandemic on the regional structure of international migration flows.Results. The research proved that the consequence of the pandemic is a large-scale and radical blow to the global economy. In research defined the Corona Crisis concept in the theory of world crises. In research discover the COVID-19 impact assessment on the recipients of international migration flows. The research result suggests that the volume of international migration flows has a significant impact on the economy of the host country, but other factors influencing the change in GDP should be taken into account, that is fully explained by preventive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic and recipient country. In research defined the impact of the pandemic on the regional structure of international migration flows. Cluster analysis of the world regions classification by the volume of international migrants and the trend of their growth during the pandemic showed such results: clusters are distinguished by common features – the number of international migrants in the region in 2020 and trends of growth/decline of their volumes, which occurred during 2019-2020.Prospects. The results of the research discover the COVID-19 impact assessment on the recipients of international migration flows and define the impact of the pandemic on the regional structure of international migration flows. The prospect of further research is to apply the impact of the pandemic on the regional structure of international migration flows for the development of domestic migration policy.
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Slynko, Mykola. „REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART SPECIALIZATION IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE“. Proceedings of Scientific Works of Cherkasy State Technological University Series Economic Sciences, Nr. 61 (28.06.2021): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.61.2021.236192.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the adequacy of the existing regulatory framework for the successful implementation of smart specialization in the regions of Ukraine. The work is justified the relevance of the study of the issues of regulatory and legal regulation of procedures for the implementation of smart specialization at the regional level in Ukraine. The scientific novelty of work is, firstly, in a reasonable analysis of the regulatory framework for the implementation of innovation activities in Ukraine with the determination of its effective impact on the country's position, which it occupies among the countries of the world on innovation activity, and, secondly, in the systematization of evaluation indicators of various aspects Implementing smart specialization projects with the addition of the existing system with new indicators.
The chronology of formation in Ukraine has been established, since its independence, the system of regulatory and legislative regulation of innovative activities of business entities, as a key factor in the country's conclusion from the crisis state. The effectiveness of the existing regulatory framework for the intensification of innovative activities in Ukraine through the dynamics of the rating in Global Innovation Index and its place to the percentage of R & D spending in GDP and on the percentage of exporting high-tech goods in industrial exports among the countries of the world has been analyzed.
The state of regulatory and legal and organizational support for the implementation of smart specialization in Ukraine was investigated. It was established that in Ukrainian regulatory acts there is only a statement of the need for the implementation of smart specialization in the territory of the regions of Ukraine. The state regulatory documents are proclaimed that Ukraine joins the implementation of the principles of smart specialization through S3 Platform, which is given the role of a methodological, information and coordinating center. The paper substantiates the feasibility of creating unified guidelines or guidelines in Ukraine, which would provide specific explanations on key aspects of the implementation of smart specialization projects, the list of which is specified in the work.
The indicators are systematized, with the help of which a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative assessment of the degree of dissemination and effectiveness of smart specialization procedures at the regional level in the country are systematized. The feasibility of introducing new indicators of estimating the intensity of the implementation of smart specialization projects is substantiated.
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Manoiu, Valentina-Mariana, Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka, Alexandru-Ioan Craciun, Çiğdem Akman und Elvettin Akman. „Water Quality and Water Pollution in Time of COVID-19: Positive and Negative Repercussions“. Water 14, Nr. 7 (01.04.2022): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071124.
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On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the new COVID-19 disease a pandemic. Most countries responded with a lockdown to reduce its effects, which brought beneficial consequences to the environment in many regions, but the pandemic also raised a series of challenges. This review proposes an assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic positive and negative impacts on water bodies on different continents. By applying a search protocol on the Web of Science platform, a scientific bank of 35 compatible studies was obtained out of the 62 open-access articles that were initially accessible. Regarding the positive impacts, the SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in sewage waters is a useful mechanism in the promptly exposure of community infections and, during the pandemic, many water bodies all over the world had lower pollution levels. The negative impacts are as follows: SARS-CoV-2 presence in untreated sewage water amplifies the risk to human health; there is a lack of adequate elimination processes of plastics, drugs, and biological pollution in wastewater treatment plants; the amount of municipal and medical waste that pollutes water bodies increased; and waste recycling decreased. Urgent preventive measures need to be taken to implement effective solutions for water protection.
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Cao, Ping, Xiaoxiao Li, Yu Cheng und Han Shen. „Temporal-Spatial Evolution and Driving Factors of Global Carbon Emission Efficiency“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 22 (11.11.2022): 14849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214849.
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With global warming, the continuous increase of carbon emissions has become a hot topic of global concern. This study took 95 countries around the world as the research object, using the Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation, spatial econometric model and other methods to explore temporal and spatial evolution, and spatial agglomeration characteristics from 2009 to 2018. The results are as follows: First, global carbon emission efficiency (CEE) showed an overall upward trend, and the average value fluctuated from 0.3051 in 2009 to 0.3528 in 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 1.63%. Spatially, the areas with higher CEE are mainly located in Western Europe, East Asia, and North America, and the areas with lower values are mainly located in the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa. Second, the Gini coefficient increased from 0.7941 to 0.8094, and regional differences showed a gradually expanding trend. The Moran’s I value decreased from 0.2389 to 0.1860, showing a positive fluctuation characteristic. Third, judging from the overall sample and the classified sample, the correlations between the influencing factors and CEE were different in different regions. Scientific and technological innovation, foreign direct investment and CEE in all continents are significantly positively correlated while industrial structure is significantly negatively correlated, and urbanization, economic development level, and informatization show obvious heterogeneity. The research is aimed at strengthening exchanges and cooperation between countries, adjusting industrial structure; implementing emission reduction policies according to local conditions; and providing guidance and reference for improving CEE and mitigating climate change.
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Pechatnov, V. O., und E. O. Obichkina. „European Studies“. MGIMO Review of International Relations, Nr. 5(38) (28.10.2014): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-119-130.
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The study of Western countries and teaching courses on the related subjects have longstanding and established tradition at MGIMO-University. The basis of this brilliant research and teaching tradition was laid down by such academicians as E.V. Tarle and V.G. Trukhanovsky, Professor L.I. Clove, Y. Borisov, F.I. Notovitch, G.L. Rozanov. Their work in 1940-1960's at the Department of World History at MGIMO-University progressed in following directions: France studies, German studies, American studies. The work resulted in a number of monographs and textbooks on modern history and foreign policy of the studied countries and regions. The aim of the publications was dictated by the goal of the Institute - to prepare the specialists in international affairs primarily for practical work. A close relationship with the Foreign Ministry was "binding advantage" sometimes limiting researchers in choosing periods and subjects for the study. At the same time the undisputed advantage and quality of regional studies at MGIMO were strengthened by the practical relevance of research, making it a vital and interesting not only for specialists but also for students and researchers from other research centers. Another characteristic of the tradition is the analysis of foreign policy and diplomacy in a close relationship with the socio-economic and political processes. Such an integrated approach to regional geography also formed largely under the influence of institutional profile designed to train highly skilled and versatile specialists in specific countries and regions with a good knowledge of their languages, history, economics, politics, law and culture. Therefore, scientific and educational-methodical work at MGIMO-University has always relied on a wealth of empirical data and has been focused on the analysis of real-world phenomena and processes, acute problems of foreign countries. Scientific research at MGIMO-University traditionally intertwined with pedagogical objectives.
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Kaul, Vijay Kumar, und Tuhina Roy Chowdhury. „India Stimulating Growth in Bay of Bengal Region: Integrating Key Interests and Strengthening Innovation Capacity“. South Asian Survey 25, Nr. 1-2 (März 2018): 102–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971523119835066.
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The Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea (BoBAS) rim countries comprising of India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Singapore is a group that has the potential to emerge as one of the fastest growing regions in Asia and the world. These countries are tied together with a multitude of factors such as history, culture, demographics and technological development. This article seeks to evaluate if these countries can complement each other’s growth strategy and the role that India can play to stimulate growth in this region. The article can broadly be divided into two parts: the first part discusses the evolution of development strategy and regional economic integration while the second part analyses the role that India can play in guiding the growth across these countries and the various key initiatives taken up by India in recent past to foster high and sustainable growth.
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Haridison, Anyualatha, Yuwanto Yuwanto, Laila Kholid Alfirdaus und Wijayanto Wijayanto. „The Pandemic Politics in Indonesia: A Comparative Perspective“. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 19 (20.05.2023): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.48.
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This manuscript aims to examine the political literature on the pandemic in Indonesia, especially regarding the relationship between politics and the COVID-19 pandemic without leaving the exploration of the views of scholars in the world who address the discussion of this relationship. This study produces several discourses, including, first, countries in the world implement policies depending on the dynamics that exist in that country. The majority implement a lockdown policy or cut off transmission between regions. Indonesia has a somewhat looser policy than other countries, namely large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) while still paying attention to community economic activities. Second, in many cases, electoral trust depends on the successful handling of the pandemic by the ruling regime or even the steps in handling the pandemic by contesting candidates. Third, the election of regional heads simultaneously with the crisis in Indonesia is considered counterfactual. However, the fact is that voter participation has increased from the three previous regional elections. The true form of Indonesian political culture is implied by the actions of the people who respect elections and prioritize health protocols. Fourth, the recommendation of the scholars is the application of political digitization in voting which requires a comprehensive study, especially regarding the readiness of Indonesian technology.
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Fletcher, John, und John Latham. „Databank: South Asia“. Tourism Economics 2, Nr. 3 (September 1996): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669600200306.
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Tourism activity and economic performance, particularly in the major tourism generating and receiving countries, are closely linked. The purpose of this section is to provide those indicators which are regarded as being most relevant to international movements and spend. In Volume 1, Number 1, information relating to the global and regional pictures of tourism were presented, together with some specific details regarding tourism activity with respect to the most significant nations. Subsequent issues have concentrated on specific world regions. In this issue, economic indicators relating to tourism in South Asia, the final region to be covered in this section, are provided.
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Semenova, Nelli K. „Overseas ports of China: evolution, geography, investment structure.“ Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, Nr. 3 (2023): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025431-1.
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The beginning of the formation of a targeted process of using overseas Chinese port investments was stimulated by the new national policy of openness to the outside world, the strategy of "Going global". Over the past two decades, China's port industry and shipping have developed rapidly due to integration into the world economy, as well as the rapid development of China's own economy and foreign trade. Taking full advantage of the experience and advantages of building ports inland, China is promoting the improvement of port infrastructure in countries along the Maritime Silk Road, which contributes to the development of the port industry and the economy of the hinterland in the host country. At present, China regards the 21st century Maritime Silk Road as a new concept and an important strategy for national development, establishing a new international economic and political order. Forms of cooperation with countries in terms of port construction are diverse and effective. The article provides a periodization of the investment development of foreign port construction by Chinese capital, due to the influence of state policy and development strategies of the PRC. Although the current geographical structure of China's overseas port investment is highly decentralized, it covers the global shipping area and covers strategic maritime regions, straits and bays. The overseas port structure of China is analyzed in the article from the point of view of regional distribution by types of investment projects, the capital ratio of Chinese companies, ways and mechanisms of China's entry into foreign ports.