Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „World Regional Geography (Continents, Countries, Regions)“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "World Regional Geography (Continents, Countries, Regions)"
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Zotov, Dmitrii. „Implementation of the Country Study Approach When Teaching the General Features of the Earth’s Nature in the 7th Grade Geography Course (on the Example of the Topic «Lithosphere and Terrain of the Earth»)“. Profession-Oriented School 11, Nr. 5 (25.10.2023): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0744-2023-11-5-38-45.
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The article aims to investigate the role of the country study approach in the 7th grade geography course «Continents, oceans, peoples and countries». The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the country study approach is widely used when teaching school geography, its role in teaching is constantly increasing as it provides a comprehensive study of the territories and water areas of the Earth, large regions and countries of the world. The purpose of this article is to identify the possible ways to implement the country-study approach while studying the general features of the nature of the Earth during the 7th grade geography course. The article analyzes the main goals and structure of the course «Continents, oceans, peoples and countries». The author describes the possibilities of implementing the country study approach when studying the general features of the nature of our planet using the topic «Lithosphere and terrain of the Earth» as an example. The most successful methodological methods for its implementation are mentioning regions, countries and cities of the world, their geographical location and other information, as well as their distinctive features related to the topic of the lesson. Accordingly, the application of the country study approach when teaching the general features of the Earth’s nature in the course «Continents, oceans, peoples and countries» helps students to explore the main features of the Earth’s geospheres on the example of various territories of the world. The materials presented in the article confirm the importance of applying the regional approach in studying the general features of the nature of the Earth in the 7th grade geography course and illustrate the possibilities of its implementation. The material of this article can be used by geography teachers when lesson planning on the topic of the lithosphere and the terrain of the Earth.
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Amjad, Faiza, und Naheed Zia Khan. „External Determinants of Growth and Growth Projections: SAARC and Pakistan“. Pakistan Development Review 43, Nr. 4II (01.12.2004): 737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i4iipp.737-755.
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The world is increasingly being divided into regions. The regional trading blocs are becoming more and more deepened and widened around the globe. The European Union (EU) has already reached a stage approximating to the trading relations usually found within a country rather than between the countries. The existence of regional economic groups, particularly in European and American continents, pose a range of theoretical, empirical and organisational questions for developing countries like Pakistan who depend on the countries of these regions for a significantly high share of their international trade. This paper focuses on the prospects of extended economic cooperation of Pakistan with the member countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).1 The argument is structured around three parts. Part I reviews the theoretical rationale of regional economic cooperation and the recent developments shaping the trading relations within the cooperating blocs. Part II critically evaluates the relative size and significance of the external sector of the SAARC region countries, along with presenting statistical estimates of the major external determinants of the region’s economic growth. Finally, Part III estimates the relationship of major directions of Pakistan’s exports with the economic growth of the country and presents the growth projections by increasing and diverting the exports to the SAARC and ASEAN region countries.
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Stankovic, Stevan. „Man, space and tourism“. Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 103, Nr. 1 (2023): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2301183s.
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Modern tourism is based on numerous and diverse, direct, indirect, occasional and permanent, relations of man, society and space, i.e. the environment in which it takes place. Tourism is a pronounced spatial phenomenon. It takes place on land and sea, on almost all continents and in all countries. Where it is organized on the purposeful valorisation of space, tradition and good organization, it is the basis for achieving satisfactory economic and social effects. That is why local, regional, state and world organizations pay special attention to it. By valorising space, tourism, achieving economic effects, contributes to the enrichment of the balance of payments of receptive regions and countries. Tourism can valorise some objects, phenomena and environmental processes, which are not interesting for other activities, which is important for expanding the field of business.
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Beydik, Oleksandr O., Sergii Yu Syrovets, Nataliia S. Koroma und Mykola A. Molochko. „World mineral deposits in the table of periodic chemical elements“. Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, Nr. 4 (22.12.2020): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112057.
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The distribution of mineral deposits and the distribution of chemical elements on the globe are characterized by heterogeneity. A wide range of publications of domestic and foreign specialists - geologists, geographers, geochemists, economists - were dedicated to mineral resources of the world, mineral deposits. During processing the material the comparative-geographical, cartographic (analysis of minerals maps, mineral resources in the context of continents and regions of the world, cartographic interpretation of Mendeleev periodical table), monographic (analysis of fundamental works of leading domestic and foreign geologists and resource scientists, geologists and geologists, and geologists and geologists) directories, multi-volume editions devoted to geology and mineral resources of individual countries and regions of the world) methods, systematic approach, and GIS technologies - all these were used for received data processing and systematization. Explored mineral deposits (current and potential) form on the planet both individual local deposits and geochemical zones – areas where economically valuable chemical elements and their compounds are concentrated, which are diverse in genesis, stocks, and possibilities of exploitation. The largest of the latter is the Appalachians in the US - the Western Hemisphere, the Highveld in South Africa, Khibiny and the Ural Mountains inRussia - the Eastern Hemisphere. The leading countries in which most geochemical resources are extracted from the subsoil are the United States (65% of the total elements of Mendeleev periodical table), Russia (48%), China (38%), Canada (38%), South Africa (30%), Australia, (27%), Kazakhstan (19%), India (14%), Mexico (13%). The ideas about the level of provision of mineral resources and minerals in individual countries and territories of the world were systematized. The Mendeleev periodical table and its mineral and raw content were presented as an objective factor in the international geographical distribution of labor. The illuminated issues are confirmed high density of interdisciplinary links (geology, geography, chemistry, geochemistry, ecology, economics, regional studies, zoning).
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Ncongwane, Katlego P., Joel O. Botai, Venkataraman Sivakumar und Christina M. Botai. „A Literature Review of the Impacts of Heat Stress on Human Health across Africa“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 9 (10.05.2021): 5312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095312.
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Heat stress-related illness attributed to the changing climate, particularly the more frequent extreme high temperatures, is becoming a theme of public concern, especially in the most vulnerable regions, such as the African continent. Knowledge of the existing research directions and gaps on heat stress and human health is vital for informing future strategic research foci capable of influencing policy development, planning, adaptation, and mitigation efforts. In this regard, a bibliometric analysis was conducted, with an emphasis on Africa, to assess regional research contributions to heat stress impacts on human health. The goals of the study were to review publication growth and patterns of the scientific publications and to identify key players (especially collaborating institutions and countries) and the evolution of research themes on the African continent, while paying attention to global trends and emergent hot topics and methodology of heat stress research. Using the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus core collection databases, a structured keyword search was undertaken, which yielded 463 and 58 research publications from around the world and Africa, respectively. The retrieved scientific documents, published between 1968 and 2020, were analyzed and visualized using a bibliometric analysis technique and the VOSviewer software tool. The results indicate low statistics and slow scientific growth in publication output, with the highest peak having been reached in 2018, resulting in 13 scientific publications. While global research collaborations are successfully reflected in the literature, there is a considerable gap in understanding heat stress and related collaborations between African countries and international institutions. The review study has identified key opportunities that can benefit Africa through the expansion of the scope of heat stress and human health research on the continent. These opportunities can be achieved by closing the following research gaps: (1) vulnerability assessments within demographic classes, such as the elderly, (2) personal exposure and associated risks, (3) Urban Heat Island (UHI) evaluation for urban environments, and (4) heat adaptation research, which will enable informed and targeted preventive actions that will limit future heat health impacts. The authors opine that the pursuit of such studies will be most impactful if the current knowledge gaps are bridged through transdisciplinary research supported by local, regional, and international collaborators.
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Muñiz Martínez, Norberto. „Towards a network place branding through multiple stakeholders and based on cultural identities“. Journal of Place Management and Development 9, Nr. 1 (14.03.2016): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-11-2015-0052.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the creation of a place brand for Colombia’s coffee region, within the framework of the evolution of place branding from traditional, one institution-led marketing approaches towards a more modern concept of network branding involving multiple stakeholders. The production of quality coffee in this region has been complemented with the development of coffee-themed rural tourism, which helps Colombia to enhance the value and positioning of its resources in the context of the economic and cultural exchanges inherent in globalisation. Design/methodology/approach Following a theoretical and conceptual analysis of place branding, this paper explores the case of the Coffee Triangle, examining the network of interrelationships involved in the process of business-led coffee branding and place branding by public institutions to achieve a dynamic identity asset shared by various parties. This study entailed fieldwork in Colombia to visit the region and hold meetings with managers in public administration, representative companies in the region and various social groups and entities. Findings Following a conceptual analysis which attempts to demonstrate the evolution of place branding towards a more holistic, multi-party and networked approach, the case study confirms the formation of complex interactions between stakeholders and public and private institutions at the local, regional, national and even international level. Practical/implications This successful initiative can serve as an example for other food production regions in emerging countries, helping them to improve their positions in global scenarios and enhance the value of their physical products through a heightened awareness and appreciation of the culture associated with these natural environments and landscapes. Synergies between business and place branding are also analysed. Originality/value This paper looks at an instance of place branding involving multiple stakeholders and on the basis of cultural and dynamic identity. It comprises an inter-regional case study in Colombia. South America is a sub-continent where some interesting and successful place projects are being implemented that add nuances to global economic and cultural dialogue, which has probably focused mainly on the Western world and the industrial nations of Asia.
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Kowalska, Anna, Jacek Wolski, Andrzej Norbert Affek, Edyta Regulska und Ewa Roo-Zielińska. „Wykorzystanie zdjęć fitosocjologicznych w najnowszych badaniach środowiska przyrodniczego = The use of phytosociological relevés in recent studies of the natural environment“. Przegląd Geograficzny 93, Nr. 3 (2021): 311–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2021.3.1.
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The aim of this work was to review the latest literature in terms of the use of phytosociological relevés (vegetation plots) in research on the natural environment. The systematic review included 321 articles published in 2010‑2021 in the most renowned journals (indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection with a score ≥100 according to the 2021 list of journals of the Poland’s Ministry of Education and Science). The research questions were: in which fields of science and practice, for what purposes and on what spatial scales the phytosociological relevés are currently used. After initial review, the articles were divided into 10 thematic groups: 1) classification of plant communities, 2) methodological studies, 3) relationship between vegetation and other elements of the environment, 4) occurrence of invasive plant species, 5) indicative role of vegetation, 6) plant communities as habitats for animals, 7) human footprint on vegetation, 8) long-term vegetation changes, 9) combining phytosociological methods with remote sensing methods, 10) social studies. The results showed that phytosociological relevés, as the method to investigate vegetation developed in the first decades of the 20th century, are still widely used in many regions of the world. The most numerous thematic group comprised articles that show how habitat conditions impact the distribution and diversity of plant species and their communities, while the least numerous – studies combining natural and social research. The vast majority of research was dedicated to environmental problems, although social and economic aspects were also present. These were both theoretical and methodological works, as well as detailed studies, which resulted in the formation of recommendations and practical guidelines for nature protection or spatial planning. Recently, relevés have been rarely used solely to distinguish and characterise plant communities, as originally intended by those who invented this method. However, thanks to modern statistical and computer tools, more and more attempts are being made to create automatic classifications with the use of artificial intelligence, e.g. neural networks. The geographic scope was usually restricted to one country (local and regional – 241 articles) or to two or more bordering countries (47). Continental (19) and global (7) studies are less common and studies within Europe prevail. It is because the discussed method was developed and is best known in Europe (Franco-Swiss Phytosociological School), and its dissemination throughout the world is only an evidence of its universality and efficiency. The recent larger-scale studies became possible mainly due to the development of transnational vegetation databases, e.g. the widely utilised European Vegetation Database – EVA.
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Fylypovych, Liudmyla O. „Geography of Religion“. Ukrainian Religious Studies, Nr. 8 (22.12.1998): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1998.8.181.
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The geography of religions is one of the religious sciences, which is intended to study the spatial pattern of the process of the origin and distribution of different religions, to give a modern religious map of the world and statistical data on the spread of different religions, to predict the prospects of changing confessions in the territorial configuration of their activities. Within this science, the role of the natural factor in the emergence and distribution of religions of a certain denominational certainty in different countries and continents is explored, the autochthonality of certain religious entities of certain geographical regions is revealed, it turns out in the historical retrospect of the appearance of other religions there and, accordingly, the fate of local currents, the spread world religions, the conditions of origin and ways of possible overcoming of inter-confessional and interreligious confrontation are considered, the relationship between ethnic and religious denominations in religious mobility is revealed, mapping of religions is carried out.
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Zhou, Xinsheng, Qinyang Guo, Yuanyuan Wang und Guofeng Wang. „Trade and Embodied CO2 Emissions: Analysis from a Global Input–Output Perspective“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 21 (07.11.2022): 14605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114605.
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Global trade drives the world’s economic development, while a large amount of embodied carbon is transferred among different countries and regions. Based on a multi-regional input–output model, the trade embodied carbon transfers of bilateral trade between 185 countries/regions around the world were calculated. On the basis, regional trade embodied carbon transfer patterns and major national trade patterns in six continents, eight major economic cooperation organizations, and six representative countries/regions were further analyzed. The results showed that Europe was the continent with the largest embodied carbon inflows from trade and Africa was the continent with the largest embodied carbon outflows from trade. China was the country which had the largest embodied carbon outflows from trade, while the United States, France, Japan, and Germany were countries which had embodied carbon inflows from trade. OECD, EU, and NAFTA were the economic cooperation organizations with embodied carbon inflows from trade, while BRICS, SCO, RCEP, OPEC, and ASEAN were economic cooperation organizations with embodied carbon outflows from trade. Developed countries such as the United States, France, and the United Kingdom protected their environment by exporting high-value products and importing low-value and carbon-intensive products. Developing countries such as China and Russia earned foreign exchange by exporting carbon-intensive and commodity products at a huge environmental cost. In contrast, Germany, China, and Russia played different roles in the global industrial chain, while Germany exchanged more trade surpluses at lower environmental costs. Therefore, for different countries and regions, their own industries should be actively upgraded to adjust the import and export structure, the cooperation and coordination in all regions of the world should be strengthened, and the transfers of embodied carbon needs to be reduced to make the trade model sustainable.
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Pavía, José Manuel, und Bernardí Cabrer. „On Distributing Quarterly National Growth among Regions“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2008): 2453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a39132.
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In many countries a very important fraction of public expenditure is managed by regional authorities. However, in a world where economic life has quickened and become more turbulent, subnational institutions rarely have a timely regional macroeconomic picture at their disposal. The authors propose a guide to a method for estimating quarterly accounts of regions from the national quarterly and annual regional accounts, by the use of a temporal structure which eliminates possible spurious jumps. The robustness of the process and suggested practicalities are tested, and the proposal is also shown to produce better estimates than other uniregional methods often used in this framework.
Bücher zum Thema "World Regional Geography (Continents, Countries, Regions)"
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Landscapes and Landforms of Turkey. Springer Cham, 2019.
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Press, R. H. World Maps Coloring Book: World Regional Maps, Continents, Countries of the World Maps, World Geography, Outline and Blank Maps. Independently Published, 2021.
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PUBLISH, Banana. A-Z Countries ,flags and Coloring : World Regional Maps Coloring Book: Maps of World Regions, Continents, World Projections, USA and Canada. Independently Published, 2020.
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PUBLISH, Banana. A-Z Countries ,flags and Coloring : World Regional Maps Coloring Book: Maps of World Regions, Continents, World Projections, USA and Canada. Independently Published, 2020.
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PUBLISH, Banana. A-Z Countries ,flags and Coloring : World Regional Maps Coloring Book: Maps of World Regions, Continents, World Projections, USA and Canada. Independently Published, 2020.
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PUBLISH, Banana. A-Z Countries ,flags and Coloring : World Regional Maps Coloring Book: Maps of World Regions, Continents, World Projections, USA and Canada. Independently Published, 2020.
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World Flags Coloring Book: Geography Coloring Book for Kids Color in Countries Capitals World Map with Flags Regions and Continents Gift for Kids and Adults. Independently Published, 2020.
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publishing, Achruin. World Flags Coloring Book for Kids: Geography Coloring Book for Kids Color in Countries Capitals World Map with Flags Regions and Continents Gift for Kids and Adults. Independently Published, 2020.
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Flags Coloring Flags Coloring for Kids. World Map with Flags for Kids: Geography Coloring Book for Kids Color in Countries Capitals World Map with Flags Regions and Continents Color Guides Gift for Kids and Adults. Independently Published, 2020.
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Coloring, Safaf. World Map with Flags for Kids: Color Guides Geography Coloring Book for Kids Color in Countries Capitals World Map with Flags Regions and Continents a Gift for Kids and Adults. Independently Published, 2020.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "World Regional Geography (Continents, Countries, Regions)"
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Dermendzhieva, Stella, und Tamara Draganova. „Scientific-normative specifics of grouping countries in geography and economics training“. In The Overarching Issues Of The European Area - Moving towards Efficient Societies and Sustainable Ecosystems, 289–300. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-9082-88-5/ovea21.
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Studying the continents, regions and countries of the world is the most enduring course of study in school geography along with the home country course. In the history of the development of geographical science and the methodology of training geography, the problems of classifying, grouping and typologizing countries in the world have been studied in depth by many scientists and methodologists. In the noosphere and times of digital transformations, the diversity of criteria and indicators for the division of continents, regions and countries is increasing. Every country in the world has specific features and characteristics that predetermine the similarities and the differences between individual countries at the continent and regional level, which makes it possible to classify and group them. Appropriate indicators are needed to characterize the countries according to a given criterion, but with the clear distinction that countries are classified by the criteria and grouped by the indicators. State educational standards and curricula for junior high school stage, first and second high school stage were studied, and the indicators and signs in the grouping of the contries were normatively followed. The place and role, the content and the requirements for the activity of the action - grouping in the normative framework, which is also present in the activities for the acquisition of the key competences related to the 9 groups of key competences, have been studied. In the curricula of geography and economics for general education and profiled preparation, the overall conceptual framework of regionalization and the geography of society has been transformed with clearly perceptible normative requirements for grouping countries according to clearly defined indicators - geographical location, area, number of population and form of government. In the overall didactic cycle for grouping the countries in the school geography in Bulgaria, specific competencies are required on the part of the teachers to realize the expected results through a different form and manner, modern training methods and techniques, various didactic means and resources. An electronic resource that has a universal and simplified interface and a large number of operational possibilities, through which geographical maps can be created for the didactic purposes of school geography, is MapChart. MapChart is an electronic platform for online work that has unlimited possibilities for implementing countries grouped by various indicators. Each teacher can create an unlimited number of author's geographical maps, as well as save them and create their own gallery, and also import the maps in presentations, posters, text, etc. With MapChart, every teacher and student can create their own personalized geographic map. The research thesis encompasses the competence to group countries according to normatively defined indicators. The research proves the existence of a synergistic-normative unity between the educational stages and a model is proposed for realizing the expected results through an electronic platform. For the study of the normative framework, the indicators and the required competences, the following objectives were fulfilled: the state educational standards and curricula in geography for the study of continents, regions and countries were analyzed; the features of the procedural requirements for the characterization of a country and specific grouping of countries are identified and presented; the place and the role, the content and the requirements for the action have been studied - grouping in the normative framework; presentation of the situational vision of the competence for grouping the countries in relation to the 9 groups of key competences; software programs have been studied and MapChart has been proposed to achieve the expected result of grouping countries by indicator as an opportunity to create an author's geographical map. Content analysis, situational analysis, comparative analysis, synthesizing, summarizing, and other techniques have all been used in the current study of the competence for classifying the countries according to the state educational standards and curricula in geography and economics
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„5 Ratio of women to men in the labour force 15 1.6 Selected man-made disasters 17 1.7 The estimated and expected population (in millions) of the 18 world and the continents in selected years from 1500 to 2025 1.8 US dollars and UK pounds compared, 1982–90 24 1.9 Comparison of exchange rate and purchasing power parity 24 (ppp) dollars in selected countries 2.1 Colonial calendar of selected key events, 1493 to 1775 30 2.2 Colonial calendar 1775 to 1997 34 2.3 Vital statistics for the 100 largest countries of the world in 38 population 2.4 The countries ranked 101 to 128 in population size in 1993 40 (and 1994) 3.1 Population trends in the world regions, 1931–93 49 3.2 Population features of the world regions in the early 1990s 50 3.3 Examples of numbers of deaths from natural causes 51 3.4 Population/natural resource balance in the world regions, early 64 1990s 3.5 Natural resources of the countries with the largest populations 65 3.6 Aspects of the production and consumption of goods 69 4.1 The development gap 74 4.2 Importance of foreign trade to selected countries, 1989 78 4.3 Total world exports in billions of US dollars, 1990, by regions 84 of origin and destination“. In Geography of the World's Major Regions, 665. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203429815-175.
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Koulov, Boian, und Linda McCarthy. „European Geography“. In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0056.
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The European Specialty Group (ESG) was founded with considerable enthusiasm in 1992. Its organization and the rapid membership increase were in response to the historic changes following the fall of the Iron Curtain, the reintegration of the European continent, and a heightened interest in the evolution of European political and economic life. The purpose of the ESG is to move beyond the Cold War legacy of East–West division of the continent and foster research, teaching, and scholarly interaction on the geography of the new Europe. The ESG also serves as a bridge between US geographers working on Europe and their counterparts in the rest of the world. Finally, the group promotes the study of Europe within the discipline of geography and facilitates the exchange of information and ideas among its members and Europeanists in other disciplines, government, and private agencies. Research on Europe has been undertaken at a variety of spatial scales. A number of books reflect the pan-European scale (Berentsen 1993, 1997; Harris 1991, 1993a, b, 1997; Jordan 1996; McDonald 1997; Murphy 1991; Unwin 1998). The national scale also has received attention due to the continued importance of the different national contexts despite increased European integration, in conjunction with difficulties created by the lack of comparable statistical databases at a sub-national scale for the countries across Europe. Regardless of spatial scale several consistent themes have emerged. Within political geography focus is clearly on the new divisions of Europe, states–nations relationships, sub-national political transformation, the twin forces of democratization and nationalism, and ethnic conflict. Within economic geography research has centered around issues of “widening” versus “deepening” in the EU, globalization and pan-European integration, the impacts and implications of the incorporation of Central and Eastern European nations into the European economy, and the spatially uneven nature of economic change. Geographers also have been active in addressing issues of environmental damage, population, and migration. This chapter takes a regional approach that reflects the typical focus of most research. The material is treated systematically within sections on Western, Nordic, Eastern, and Mediterranean Europe.
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ÜRER, Harun. „ARKEOLOJİNİN VE TÜRK DÖNEMİ ARKEOLOJİSİNİN KISA ÖYKÜSÜ“. In CUMHURIYETIN BIRINCI YÜZYILINDA ANADOLU’DA TÜRK DÖNEMI ARKEOLOJI ÇALISMALARI, 11–20. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-61-0.ch01.
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The Renaissance in the 15th century led to increased trade between countries and continents, accelerating interaction between societies and leading to a new understanding and way of life. The augmented spending capacity of individuals during a particular epoch instigated a surge in the acquisition of relics and items of historical import. This burgeoning fascination with the past eventually gave rise to a novel field of study that is now recognized as Archaeology. The field of Turkish-Islamic Archaeology is a recent branch of archaeology that is chronologically divided into different fields of study. When considering only archaeological data, the history of the Turks spans approximately 2500 years, despite having a history that extends back thousands of years. The Turks’ first center was in Central Asia, where they emerged onto the stage of history, while their second center was in Anatolia. During the Ottoman period, the Turkish sphere of influence reached its widest borders in terms of the regions under its sovereignty in the world. It is evident that conservation approaches related to historical artifacts and cultural assets in Anatolia began to be implemented during the Ottoman period and in the second half of the 19th century. The most significant development for Turkish archaeology in the early years of the Republic was the dispatch of students abroad to receive training, as requested by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk himself. Upon returning home after completing their studies, the young archaeologists participated in excavations of ancient sites during the early years of their career. Other significant developments for Turkish archaeology include the establishment of the Turkish Historical Society in 1931, the Turkish Archaeological Institute affiliated with Istanbul University in 1934, and the Faculty of Language, History, and Geography in Ankara a year later. At present, Turkish Period Archaeology is represented by 32 excavation in 26 provincial centers, although not yet at the desired number. Institutionalized organizations such as the “International Symposium on Excavations, Research and Archaeometry” and the “Symposium on Excavations and Art History Research in the Middle Ages and Turkish Period” present new scientific discoveries and information to the scientific world every year. The multi-layered archaeological studies conducted in the geographies under the rule of the Ottoman Empire are significant in raising awareness of Turkish Period Archaeology. The addition of new Turkish Period Archaeology studies, which are still insufficient in number, is crucial for comprehending and promoting the historical process in Anatolia. For more detailed information, please refer to the Extended Abstract at the end of the text
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De Blij, Harm. „Places Open and Shut“. In The Power of Place. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367706.003.0010.
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The power of place manifests itself in continua of opportunity and risk, advantage and privation. On the global map it is revealed in patterns of health and sickness, wealth and poverty. On the ground it is demarcated by barriers and barricades, patrols and controls. Reflecting on the impress of place on the fortunes and misfortunes of the planet’s nearly seven billion human inhabitants, it is worth noting that, for all their vaunted mobility, only about 200 million live outside the country of their birth, or less than 3 percent of the total. Some academics (as well as politicians) refer to the present as the “age of migration.” The figures indicate otherwise. The overwhelming majority of us die under the governmental, linguistic, religious, medical, environmental, and other circumstances into which we were born. The constraints on transnational and intercultural migration remain powerful and, in some respects, are increasing rather than softening, roughening rather than flattening the global playing field. Place, most emphatically place of birth but also the constricted space in which the majority of lives are lived, remains the most potent factor shaping the destinies of billions. As a result, those destinies are closely tied to the fortunes and misfortunes of the state that imparts “nationality” on citizens born within its borders. One of these involves relative location. There are numerous reasons why approximately 70 percent of the poorest-of-the-poor are citizens of African states, but one of these reasons may not be immediately obvious—until one takes a close look at the continent’s regional geography. Africa has more landlocked countries than any other continent or geographic realm in the world, and almost as many (14) as the rest of the world put together (and still another one may join this group if voters in a future referendum in Southern Sudan opt for independence). Unless a landlocked country has a combination of good management and a relatively rich resource base, as Botswana does but Zimbabwe does not, it is far more susceptible to any regional malaise than a coastal state. As economic geographers have long pointed out, a coastal state trades with the world; a landlocked state trades with, or through, its neighbors.
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Scott, Allen J. „Geography and Development“. In Geography and Economy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199284306.003.0007.
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Theories of regional development and growth have hitherto focused for the most part on situations in the more developed countries of the world. There is no reason in principle, however, why these theories should not also apply—with suitable adjustments— to cases in less developed countries. Certainly, economic theorists of late have increasingly sought to deny that we need radically different approaches for dealing with less as opposed to more advanced economies (cf. Bloom and Sachs 1998; Sachs and Warner 1997). In recent years, indeed, a growing body of empirical work has demonstrated that very similar kinds of regional development and growth processes to those found in North America, Western Europe, and Japan are observable in much of the rest of the world. These processes are manifest in localized industrial systems that range from the purely incipient to largescale productive regions with global reach. In the present chapter, I attempt to systematize some of the main theoretical issues that are encountered in any attempt to understand the logic and dynamics of regional production complexes in less developed countries. In addition, I offer a brief review of some of the empirical work that has been undertaken on this question in Asia, Latin America, and Africa, together with some comments on the dilemmas that policy-makers in these areas must face up to in any attempt to promote development. I proceed at the outset by drawing both explicitly and implicitly on three major strands of thought. The first of these is what Krugman (1996) has called High Development Theory, with its central focus on virtuous circles of cumulative causation and balanced growth. The second is the so-called new growth theory, which emphasizes the pervasiveness of dynamic increasing returns effects in the modern economy (Lucas 1988; Romer 1986). The third is contemporary economic geography, where a long tradition of research has underscored the important role of regional clusters of production and work as motors of economic expansion and social progress (cf. Scott and Storper 2003).
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„3 Demographic and employment data for the Provinces of China 388 16.4 Economic data for the Provinces of China 390 16.5 The composition of China’s foreign trade, 1992 396 16.6 Trading partners of China in 1992 396 17.1 Long-term population change in the twelve major regions of 407 the world 17.2 Economically active population in agriculture 410 17.3 Economically active population in agriculture in developed 411 and developing countries, 1965–2010 17.4 Arable area per capita, actual and projected 412 17.5 Arable area, 1962–2025 413 17.6 Fossil fuel reserve ‘lives’ at 1992 rates of output 414 17.7 Energy consumption in selected regions and countries of the 416 world, 1960–90 17.8 Steel production in the major regions of the world, 1930–2025 418 17.9 Car ownership in the major regions of the world in 1932, 420 1958, 1989 and 2025 17.10 Regional scores on a selection of seven attributes 421 18.1 Brazilian coffee production 425 18.2 Poor and not poor, 1965, 1995, 2025 428 18.3 Guinness Flight assessment of the investment potential of 428 emerging economies 18.4 The human development situation in 1990 432“. In Geography of the World's Major Regions, 671. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203429815-181.
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„former USSR on the eve of its break-up 7.2 Selected data for the twelve regions of the Russian Federation 150 7.3 Russian and Soviet calendar 155 7.4A comparison of human development levels in the republics of 169 the former USSR with those of countries in other parts of the world 7.5 Data for the Aral Sea 178 7.6 Population of the former Central Asian republics and 181 Kazakhstan 8.1 Japanese and Korean calendar 185 8.2 Leading industrial and financial companies in East and 189 Southeast Asia 8.3 Selected regional data for Japan 193 8.4 The post-war performance of five selected branches of Japanese manufacturing 196 9.1 United States calendar 205 9.2 Data set for the states of the USA 211 9.3 US balance of merchandise trade with its twelve largest 217 suppliers of imports in 1991 9.4 Direction of US foreign trade, 1951 and 1990 218 9.5 US investment position abroad by major world regions, 1980 227 and 1990 9.6 Direction of US government foreign grants and credits, 1946– 227 55 and 1990 9.7 Decline in employment in the US agricultural sector, 1965–92 228“. In Geography of the World's Major Regions, 667. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203429815-177.
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Shchuka, Halyna. „HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF TRAVEL WITH THE PURPOSE OF HEALTH CARE“. In Scientific space in the conditions of global transformations of the modern world. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-255-5-7.
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Health tourism shows a high rate of development compared to other types of tourism, which is due to a number of objective factors: the increase in the number of elderly people, the deterioration of the psycho-emotional and spiritual state of the population, the imperfection of the existing national health care systems against the background of the spread of the philosophy of a healthy lifestyle (wellness), growth of solvency and the awareness of potential consumers. Despite the growing popularity, this type of tourism remains insufficiently studied and understood both at the level of theory and practice, that complicates the interaction between providers and consumers of medical and health services. Probably, a significant part of the misunderstandings is caused by the complexity of this phenomenon that covers three areas: tourism, medicine and medical practice, the duration of its formation in the course of several millennia, and the geography of distribution. The purpose of this work is to make a historical review of the development of health tourism from ancient times to the present. Methodology. The research was implemented using systematic and complex approaches; is based on the analysis of a large number of materials on this problem, the authors of which are well-known foreign and domestic scientists, international organizations. The following methods were used: data analysis and comparison to identify general development trends, common and specific features of various forms of tourism in countries and regions; systematization and generalization. The scientific novelty of the work is that the development of medical tourism is analyzed from three following positions: development of tourism, medicine and medical practice that allows us to explain a number of contradictions in understanding the essence of this type of travel. Results. The results of the analysis has showed that the development of health tourism is a long, dynamic, controversial process, which in different countries and regions has developed at its own pace in different directions and it has led to the formation of a number of subspecies (balneological, resort, spa, wellness, thermal, etc.), which partially overlap and coincide in terms of services. The processes of globalization, on the one hand, have a positive effect on the market of health tourism; on the other hand, they complicate the formation of the offer. Practical consequences. Understanding the history of the emergence and development of health tourism makes it possible to navigate the offer in the regional markets of this type of tourism and to form a national tourism product in view of the trends of its development and the needs of the consumer, taking into account the existing paradigm of health. Conclusions. Having undergone a long period of development spanning several millennia, the health tourism has split into several directions, among which health (spa, wellness) and medical tourism dominate only in recent decades. Geography of their distribution is determined both by existing traditions and by the level of state support.
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Grubov, Volodimur, und Igor Khraban. „NEO-OTTOMAN PROJECT OF THE PRESIDENT R.T. ERDOGAN: GEOGRAPHY AND POWER LEVERS OF GREAT STRATEGY“. In Traditional and innovative scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-436-8-10.
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In the foreign policy of Turkey the “neo-Ottoman project” is connected with the activities of the country’s President R.T. Erdogan and the “Justice and Development Party” (“Abaletve Kalkinma Partisi” (AKP) – political force which declared its political ambitions with the victory in the parliamentary elections in 2002. Conceptually, this model of Ankara’s relations with the outside world was developed by Ahmet Davutoglu, the head of the Chair of International Relations at Beykent University, who later headed the Foreign Policy Department of Turkey and became the main person in the implementation of the “rhythmic diplomacy” strategy. In the views of the President Erdogan and the political elite of the new guidelines the announced course reflected Ankara’s desire to regain the greatness and influence of the “golden age” of the Ottoman Empire. As time of implementation of this geopolitical project has shown its successful regional locations, such as the “Organization of the Turkic States” and the “Turkey-Africa” formates, caused great concern among the countries of the Mediterranean region, as well as partner countries (Russia) and allied countries (USA, EU countries). Today, the success/failure indicator of the “neo-Ottoman project” for Ankara is two undeniable facts. The first fact is the unfolding of the “big game” in the South Caucasus around the prospects of a peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan as a result of the 2020 war in which the players of the world forefront with their own interests are already involved, and the second fact is the recognition of the President Erdogan that in 2028 he will leave big politics. The purpose. The purpose of the study is to reveal the phenomenon of the “neo-Ottoman project” as a geopolitical projection of Turkey’s “soft” and “hard” power within the former Ottoman Empire. As a certain strategy of Ankara’s greatness policy, it [power projection] has been considered in a systemic approach which has made it possible to clarify the most controversial events and facts of the project. The achievement of the goal has facilitated by three tasks, the content of which has disclosed in three sections of the study. This is to reveal the identity of the President R.T. Erdogan as a new wave politician; to position “neo-Ottomanism” as a geopolitical project of Turkish greatness within the borders of the former Ottoman Empire; and to reveal the content of Ankara’s efforts in the implementation of the “rhythmic diplomacy” strategy. The chapters are organically connected and reflect the content of the problem. Methodology. The research has been carried out on the basis of the use of comparative, dialectical, historical and systemic methods. This has made it possible to consider the phenomenon of the “neo-Ottoman project” as a whole picture of the restoration of the greatness of Turkey of the past, to reveal its peculiarities and retrospectives. Results. The mechanism and tools of the “rhythmic diplomacy” strategy has been revealed. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of its [tools] application in geographical and regional projects in Central Asia and in African countries. It has been proven that since 2010 – the beginning of the “Arab Spring” Turkey’s activity in the Mediterranean region as the former “place of greatness” of Ankara began to be perceived as a challenge to the interests of the traditional players of world politics in this region. This forced the Turkish government to adjust its line of behavior. This was clearly demonstrated during the last visit of the Turkish president to Egypt and a meeting with the country’s leader. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the block of humanitarian disciplines that consider issues of international politics and regional security. Value/originality. The scientific novelty of the study consists in revealing the ontological foundations of the phenomenon of “neo-Ottomanism” in the development of the course of “greatness” of Turkey initiated by the President R.T. Erdogan and clarification of successes and problematic issues in the implementation of the declared policy. The strategy of “rhythmic diplomacy” has been considered as the synchronization of Ankara’s efforts in the key regions of the former Ottoman Empire and in the states of the Central Asian Five. The strategy involves the creation of various formats of cooperation where Ankara has taken a leading role. Conclusions. The project of “neo-Ottomanism”, which since the 2000s has been consistently implemented by Ankara, is the materialization of Turkey’s course to acquire the status of a “regional state”. Having lost the prospects of joining the EU, the new wave of Turkey’s elite turned to the historical memory and narratives of the past as the eternal foundations of statehood and the greatness of the national spirit. It is symbolic that Ankara’s foreign policy ambitions are in tune with the slogans and modalities of Ahmet Davutoglu’s “Strategic Depth” (2002) which should be regarded as a reassessment of Turkey’s European prospects. The conflict of interests that gave rise to the project of “neo-Ottomanism” was clearly manifested in the most sensitive place of its vitality which is the South Caucasus. Starting from 2020, when the Karabakh war between Armenia and Azerbaijan ended, it became a “stumbling block” for establishing peace in the region. Today, the “Armenian node” threatens the countries of the region with a new escalation of violence and a radical reformation of the security environment.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "World Regional Geography (Continents, Countries, Regions)"
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Melibaeva, Sevara, Joseph Sussman und Travis P. Dunn. „Comparative Study of High-Speed Passenger Rail Deployment in Megaregion Corridors: Current Experiences and Future Opportunities“. In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56115.
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Deployment of high-speed passenger rail services has occurred around the world in densely-populated corridors, often with the effect of either creating or enhancing a unified economic “megaregion” agglomeration. This paper will review the technical characteristics of a variety of megaregion corridors, including Japan (Tokyo-Osaka), France (Paris-Lyon), and Germany (Frankfurt-Cologne), and their economic impacts. There are many lessons to be drawn from the deployment and ongoing operation of high-speed passenger rail service in these corridors for other countries now considering similar projects, such as the US and parts of the European Union. First, we will review three international cases, describing the physical development of each corridor as well as its measured impacts on economic development. In each case, the travel time reductions of the high-speed service transformed the economic boundaries of the urban agglomerations, integrating labor and consumer markets, while often simultaneously raising concerns about the balance of growth within the region. Moreover, high-speed travel within the regions has had important implications for the modes and patterns of travel beyond the region, particularly with respect to long-distance air travel. An example is the code-shared rail-air service between DeutscheBahn and Lufthansa in the Frankfurt-Cologne corridor. Next, we will examine the implications of these international experiences for high-speed rail deployment elsewhere in the world, particularly the US and Portugal, one of the EU countries investing in high-speed rail. Issues considered include the suitability of high-speed passenger rail service in existing megaregions as well as the potential for formation of megaregions in other corridors. By understanding the impact of high-speed passenger service on economic growth, labor markets, urban form, and the regional distribution of economic activity, planners can better anticipate and prepare countermeasures for any negative effects of high-speed rail. Examples of countermeasures include complementary investments in urban and regional transit connections and cooperation with airlines and other transportation service operators. High-speed passenger rail represents a substantial investment whose implementation and ultimate success depends on a wide range of factors. Among them is the ability of planners and decision-makers to make a strong case for the sharing of benefits across a broad geography, both within and beyond the megaregion (and potential megaregion) corridors where service is most likely to be provided. This paper provides some useful lessons based on international experiences.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "World Regional Geography (Continents, Countries, Regions)"
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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi und Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, Januar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.
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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.