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1
Willoughby, Shannon D., Keith Johnson und Leila Sterman. „Quantifying scientific jargon“. Public Understanding of Science 29, Nr. 6 (06.07.2020): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662520937436.
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When scientists disseminate their work to the general public, excessive use of jargon should be avoided because if too much technical language is used, the message is not effectively conveyed. However, determining which words are jargon and how much jargon is too much is a difficult task, partly because it can be challenging to know which terms the general public knows, and partly that it can be challenging to ensure scientific accuracy while avoiding esoteric terminology. To help address this issue, we have written an R script that an author can use to quantify the amount of scientific jargon in any written piece and make appropriate edits based on the target audience.
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Bay-Williams, Jennifer M. „Families Ask: Showing Your Work: Beyond Following Steps“. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 12, Nr. 6 (Februar 2007): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.12.6.0338.
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Shulman, Hillary C., Graham N. Dixon, Olivia M. Bullock und Daniel Colón Amill. „The Effects of Jargon on Processing Fluency, Self-Perceptions, and Scientific Engagement“. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 39, Nr. 5-6 (29.01.2020): 579–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x20902177.
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In this experiment ( N = 650), we integrate ideas from the literatures on metacognition and self-perception to explain why the use of jargon negatively affects engagement with science topics. We offer empirical evidence that the presence of jargon disrupts people’s ability to fluently process scientific information, even when definitions for the jargon terms are provided. We find that jargon use affects individuals’ social identification with the science community and, in turn, affects self-reports of scientific interest and perceived understanding. Taken together, this work advances our knowledge about the broad effects of metacognition and offers implications for how the language of science may influence nonexpert audiences’ engagement with complex topics in ways beyond comprehension.
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Černiuvienė, Liucija, und Ieva Montrimaitė. „Stylistics and Translation of Raymond Queneau’s Work: Translation Analysis of „Exercices de style““. Vertimo studijos, Nr. 13 (28.12.2020): 6–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2020.1.
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The article covers the stylistics of the work “Exercices de style” by the French writer Raymond Queneau and the translation of this work into Lithuanian. Through the analysis of translations into Italian and English as well, the article investigates the distinctive feature of Queneau’s texts – how they play with various language tools. The article distinguishes and discusses the play of literary devices (these are figures of style and rhetoric), the play of linguistic devices (grammatical tenses, barbarisms, neologisms), the play of language registers (colloquial language, jargon), the play of genres and discourses, and the play of narrative techniques. While playing with the language, the author seeks to entertain the reader – the exercises are rich in various elements of comedy, parody and irony. It is not possible to systematically apply one translation strategy to translate this work, therefore the translator Akvilė Melkūnaitė focused on conveying the logic of Queneau’s rules, making the translation strategies related to semantic and stylistic translation of the text diverse and successful, while the complicated conveying of cultural realia (e.g. jargon) is offset by other means of translation.
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Tyrer, Peter, und Priya Bajaj. „Nidotherapy: making the environment do the therapeutic work“. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 11, Nr. 3 (Mai 2005): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.11.3.232.
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Nidotherapy is the formal term introduced to describe the systematic manipulation of the physical and social environment to help achieve a better fit for a person with a persistent or permanent mental disorder. This approach is described in detail and its merits are compared with more conventional ways of dealing with such problems. This involves the creation of a certain number of terms that may be viewed as unnecessary jargon but help to shorten communication in an area where systematic monitored interventions are relatively uncommon.
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Shirley, Dennis. „A Critical Review and Appropriation of Pierre Bourdieu'S Analysis of Social and Cultural Reproduction“. Journal of Education 168, Nr. 2 (April 1986): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205748616800208.
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Although Pierre Bourdieu is easily the most important current French sociologist of education, his work has largely been neglected by American educationalists. Part of this is undoubtedly Bourdieu's fault, for his writing is both jargon-ridden and and convoluted, but it would be a pity if this stylistic barrier impeded a critical and balanced analysis of his research. Beneath the jargon lies an astonishingly comprehensive and systematic sociology of French education, informed by a carefully selected and uniquely articulated integration of classical sociological theory and statistical analysis, To contribute to the critical reception of Bourdieu's research and social theory the author isolates and explicates key terminology in Bourdieu's work, links these concepts with each other within the totality of his sociology of education, and differentially appropriates and criticizes Bourdieu's work from the vantage point of the philosophy of praxis.
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Bostaph, Lisa M. Growette, und Melissa Wintrow. „We Can Move Mountains: Engaging in State-Level Policy Work“. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 37, Nr. 2 (18.03.2021): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986221999860.
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An increasing number of academic researchers are becoming involved in state-level policy work as a result of existing local partnerships or direct requests by agency directors or elected officials. Most faculty and policymakers do not receive any training in doing such collaborative work and, for each party in the partnership, it can often seem like landing on another planet or, at the very least, visiting a foreign country, with different jargon, players, and stakes. This essay provides a brief guide to navigating the world of state-level partnerships in policymaking.
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Zukswert, Jenna M., Megan K. Barker und Lisa McDonnell. „Identifying Troublesome Jargon in Biology: Discrepancies between Student Performance and Perceived Understanding“. CBE—Life Sciences Education 18, Nr. 1 (März 2019): ar6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.17-07-0118.
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The excessive “jargon” load in biology may be a hurdle for developing conceptual understanding as well as achieving core competencies such as scientific literacy and communication. Little work has been done to characterize student understanding of biology-specific jargon. To address this issue, we aimed to determine the types of biology jargon terms that students struggle with most, the alignment between students’ perceived understanding and performance defining the terms, and common errors in student-provided definitions. Students in two biology classes were asked to report their understanding of, and provide definitions for, course-specific vocabulary terms: 1276 student responses to 72 terms were analyzed. Generally, students showed an overestimation of their own understanding. The least accurate self-assessment occurred for terms to which students had substantial prior exposure and terms with discordant meanings in biology versus everyday language. Students were more accurate when assessing their understanding of terms describing abstract molecular structures, and these were often perceived as more difficult than other types of terms. This research provides insights about which types of technical vocabulary may create a barrier to developing deeper conceptual understanding, and highlights a need to consider student understanding of different types of jargon in supporting learning and scientific literacy.
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Mccutcheon, Russell T. „The Jargon of Authenticity and the Study of Religion“. Religion and Theology 8, Nr. 3-4 (2001): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430101x00116.
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AbstractThis article is an analysis and critique of the jargon of authenticity that operates in both theological and humanistic studies of religion. The article argues that a form of myth making is at work in claims to such things as the 'deep meaning' of a text or even the supposedly essential, human nature all people are said to share. The article deploys its critique in a variety of sites, arguing that the discourse on authenticity-whether found in ethnic, nationalist, or hermeneutic traditions-is an all too common, socio-rhetorical technique used to construct a facade of homogenous group identity in the face of unpredictable, competing, and inevitably changeable historical situations and social interests. Instead of uncritically reproducing such discourses on authenticity, meaning, and personal experience-discourses that happen to be aligned with the scholar's political sympathies-the article argues that scholars of religion can study the 'natural history' of such mechanisms and discourses, illuminating the means whereby contingent, competing systems of credibility and meaning are established, reproduced, and contested.
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Lee, Allan. „NOTED: Old hands advise the new“. Pacific Journalism Review 19, Nr. 2 (31.10.2013): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v19i2.233.
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The best journalists are invariably good interviewers, whether they are interrogating a Cabinet minister or getting a shy refugee to open up about her struggle to find work. Excellence in interviewing comes with experience. So when the visiting scientist lapses into technical jargon at his press conference, it’s usually the most experienced journalist in the room who asks ‘the dumb question’.
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Bezrucka, Yvonne. „Digital Media, Fears, and Their Ontological Demagogic Power: Utopia, Homeland, Occupied“. Pólemos 14, Nr. 1 (28.04.2020): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pol-2020-2009.
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AbstractThe article aims to focus on the rhetoric of TV-series. Utopia, Homeland, and Occupied, are thus examined in their characterizing traits, being all constructed via the epistemic filter of a fear-eristics that often produces an oversimplified propaganda jargon linked to a racist imagology. How these digital, but ontologically guided, rhetorical strategies then work with populism is made clear in the essay.
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Bennet, John. „The work of the British School at Athens, 2016–2017“. Archaeological Reports 63 (November 2017): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608418000030.
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The relevance in the 21st century of an organization founded in the later 19th century lies in the BSA's statutory objective: ‘to promote the study of Greece in all its aspects … in all periods including modern times’. In modern business jargon, the BSA's ‘unique selling proposition’ is its location, which places UK-based researchers (at all career stages) at the heart of a region not only central to the history of the Western tradition, but also pivotal historically to post-Ottoman southern Europe and currently on the front line of the refugee crisis. Its location also offers local researchers and organizations opportunities to establish collaborations with us and – through us – with UK-based researchers. Our 130-year history brings a strong reputation, an unparalleled regional network, an accumulation of library and material resources, and a body of expertise that benefit both UK-based researchers and those who engage with us as research partners.
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Marmor, Theodore R. „Hope and Hyperbole: The Rhetoric and Reality of Managerial Reform in Health Care“. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 3, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969800300114.
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The scope of this essay is broad — the dangers that much conventional management commentary represents for health care institutions and those who work in them. It emphasizes two themes in the hype and hyperbole of management talk about health care. The first is the character of the language used to describe health care arrangements — the ‘rhetoric of medical managerialism’ – a rhetoric that powerfully and misleadingly combines the jargon of modem management schools with the marketing hype of advertising. Second, it includes some observations about what this cautionary tale might mean for the daily work of those in health care.
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Hart, David. „When language weakens“. Psychiatric Bulletin 26, Nr. 4 (April 2002): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.4.137.
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To work in a mental health system you need to be a kind of translator. Our rich English language moves at a lot of different speeds, works through different moods and modes, at different levels of sound, boldly some of it, hesitantly some of it, and so on, for different purposes. Medical talk is impenetrable to most other people, senior administrative people speak whatever is the current jargon, there's everyday language modified for the variety of situations and all these means will be adapted according to who is speaking to whom. It is routine to move between them and, as it were, to translate.
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Velissariou, Naomi. „My Metadrama: On the Function of Jargon, Language, and Discourse in my Work as a Theater Maker“. Documenta 35, Nr. 1 (08.05.2020): 188–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/doc.v35i1.16431.
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Buckingham, Hugh W., und Sarah Christman Buckingham. „THE 3 JARGONS OF JARGONAPHASIA: SEMANTIC, PHONEMIC AND JARGON“. Acta Neuropsychologica 16, Nr. 2 (08.05.2018): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2009.
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In this paper the authors will discuss the nature of jargonaphasia. Any dictionary definition of the word “jargon” will indicate that once again the medical science of aphasia usurped what was originally a lay term. Some researchers have gone as far as modifying a neologism in adults with that sort of jargon by called recognizable ones “target related” and “non-target related. Even studies of the so-called “semantic pa ra pha sias,” go way beyond what is need to describe any of the three jargons – much less to describe “semantic jargon.” Finally, as we shall see, it is often the case that jargon samples have been elicited from naming tasks, mostly object naming. Nevertheless, it is typical to engage the jargon subjects in tasks that require spontaneous stretches of speech discourse. The complex nature of Jargonaphasia which involve a heterogeneity that will ultimately drive many subcategories of it is discussed. The authors described the 3 jargons of jargonaphasia.
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Pota, Marco, Mirko Ventura, Rosario Catelli und Massimo Esposito. „An Effective BERT-Based Pipeline for Twitter Sentiment Analysis: A Case Study in Italian“. Sensors 21, Nr. 1 (28.12.2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010133.
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Over the last decade industrial and academic communities have increased their focus on sentiment analysis techniques, especially applied to tweets. State-of-the-art results have been recently achieved using language models trained from scratch on corpora made up exclusively of tweets, in order to better handle the Twitter jargon. This work aims to introduce a different approach for Twitter sentiment analysis based on two steps. Firstly, the tweet jargon, including emojis and emoticons, is transformed into plain text, exploiting procedures that are language-independent or easily applicable to different languages. Secondly, the resulting tweets are classified using the language model BERT, but pre-trained on plain text, instead of tweets, for two reasons: (1) pre-trained models on plain text are easily available in many languages, avoiding resource- and time-consuming model training directly on tweets from scratch; (2) available plain text corpora are larger than tweet-only ones, therefore allowing better performance. A case study describing the application of the approach to Italian is presented, with a comparison with other Italian existing solutions. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the approach and indicate that, thanks to its general basis from a methodological perspective, it can also be promising for other languages.
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Dovey, Kim, Fujie Rao und Elek Pafka. „Agglomeration and assemblage: Deterritorialising urban theory“. Urban Studies 55, Nr. 2 (13.07.2017): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017711650.
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In two recent papers Storper and Scott have sought to counter the rise of assemblage thinking in urban studies, suggesting it is indeterminate, jargon-ridden and particularist – that it lacks a critique of power. Against such approaches they propose the ‘nature of cities’ as an ‘urban land nexus’ driven by the economics of agglomeration. In this paper we respond, largely agreeing on jargon yet arguing that assemblage is a form of critical urban thinking that holds potential for a general but open theory of urbanity. We also suggest that many parts of Scott and Storper’s own work are entirely compatible with assemblage thinking, including concepts such as urban ‘bundling’ and ‘buzz’. Agglomeration theory explains why cities emerge and grow where they do but is weak on issues of scale and morphology. Assemblage thinking embodies capacities to expand urban studies through a better engagement with multi-scale relations, gearing the economics of agglomeration to the study of urban morphology; understanding cities in terms of their possible futures as well as actual conditions. We call for more open and productive interfaces between research disciplines and approaches – a deterritorialisation of urban theory. The choice is not between agglomeration and assemblage, it is between the singular and the multiple.
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Parfait, Kouakou Tehua. „Ideologies Et Terminologies Associees A L’homosexualite Chez Les Populations De Bouake, Cote d’Ivoire“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, Nr. 32 (30.11.2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n32p153.
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The populations of Bouaké in general have extremely negative perceptions of homosexuality. They translate this aversion by a whole lexical field with depreciative and offensive connotations in refering to it. On the other hand, there are homosexuals who have positive perceptions, and who, in order to escape social reprobation, secretly live their sexuality while at the same time developing a jargon that allows them to first recognize each other and then value themselves. This homophobia is not without dramatic consequences for homosexuals as well as for society itself. There is therefore a need to work at all levels (family, legal, political etc.) to curb homophobic acts before the worst happens.
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Johnstone, Barbara. „Charles Antaki & Sue Widdicombe (eds.), Identities in talk. London: Sage Publications, 1998. Pp. ix, 224. Pb $26.95.“ Language in Society 30, Nr. 2 (April 2001): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501252051.
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This is a collection of studies of identity in the framework of Conversation Analysis. Many of the essays make explicit use of Harvey Sacks's descriptions of the “membership categorization devices” by which people construct attributions of identity in the course of interaction, as a way of accomplishing particular, situated goals. Many mount explicit arguments against psychological accounts of personal identity and social categorization according to which people bring preexisting identities into interactions. With one or two exceptions, the contributions are well argued, clearly written, and free of the jargon that sometimes makes work in Conversation Analysis inaccessible to outsiders. Readers of Language in Society should find the collection thought-provoking.
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Lawrimore, Erin. „Collaboration for a 21st Century Archives: Connecting University Archives with the Library’s Information Technology Professionals“. Collaborative Librarianship 5, Nr. 3 (2013): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29087/2013.5.3.06.
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As communication technologies change, so do the records being produced and acquired by the archival repositories tasked with documenting society. This article, written from the perspective of a University Archivist, discusses the need for collaboration between archivists and information technology professionals in a university library in order to manage the university’s born-digital archival records. Using specific examples of collaborative projects of University Archives and the Electronic Resources and Information Technology (ERIT) department in the University Libraries of The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, the article makes specific recommendations for overcoming challenges related to professional jargon and work practices shared by archivists and information technologists to produce a successful collaboration.
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Stamer-Peterson, Melissa. „Math and English for Academic Purposes“. Issues in Language Instruction 6 (10.01.2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/ili.v6i0.7026.
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Even though math is thought to be mostly numbers, there is a significant amount of language involved. Students do not have to know only the discipline-specific vocabulary, or jargon, associated with math, but they also have to understand other forms of language in and out of the classroom. For example, instructors will work problems out on the board while discussing the steps orally to go from one part of the problem to the next which may not align with what the teacher is writing on the board, so there is potentially a loss of comprehension on the student’s part. Additionally, instructors will give instructions in class or give information on specific dates for exams, quizzes and homework which is sometimes given orally or written on the board. Asking questions during class and following transitions between activities can be another challenge for second language learners who struggle with language in a math class. Another aspect of language present in a math course is in the textbook. Students will often be assigned chapters or sections to read in order to prepare for an upcoming class. The textbook is written using the disciplinary language of math, which makes it difficult to follow especially because definitions of math words are often defined with other math jargon. With such rich language and classroom interaction, it is imperative to not overlook the subject of math when discussing English for Academic Purposes.
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Stamer-Peterson, Melissa. „Math and English for Academic Purposes“. Issues in Language Instruction 6, Nr. 1 (10.01.2018): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/ili.v6i1.7026.
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Even though math is thought to be mostly numbers, there is a significant amount of language involved. Students do not have to know only the discipline-specific vocabulary, or jargon, associated with math, but they also have to understand other forms of language in and out of the classroom. For example, instructors will work problems out on the board while discussing the steps orally to go from one part of the problem to the next which may not align with what the teacher is writing on the board, so there is potentially a loss of comprehension on the student’s part. Additionally, instructors will give instructions in class or give information on specific dates for exams, quizzes and homework which is sometimes given orally or written on the board. Asking questions during class and following transitions between activities can be another challenge for second language learners who struggle with language in a math class. Another aspect of language present in a math course is in the textbook. Students will often be assigned chapters or sections to read in order to prepare for an upcoming class. The textbook is written using the disciplinary language of math, which makes it difficult to follow especially because definitions of math words are often defined with other math jargon. With such rich language and classroom interaction, it is imperative to not overlook the subject of math when discussing English for Academic Purposes.
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Forcada, Mikel L. „Making sense of neural machine translation“. Translation Spaces 6, Nr. 2 (04.12.2017): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.2.06for.
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Abstract The last few years have witnessed a surge in the interest of a new machine translation paradigm: neural machine translation (NMT). Neural machine translation is starting to displace its corpus-based predecessor, statistical machine translation (SMT). In this paper, I introduce NMT, and explain in detail, without the mathematical complexity, how neural machine translation systems work, how they are trained, and their main differences with SMT systems. The paper will try to decipher NMT jargon such as “distributed representations”, “deep learning”, “word embeddings”, “vectors”, “layers”, “weights”, “encoder”, “decoder”, and “attention”, and build upon these concepts, so that individual translators and professionals working for the translation industry as well as students and academics in translation studies can make sense of this new technology and know what to expect from it. Aspects such as how NMT output differs from SMT, and the hardware and software requirements of NMT, both at training time and at run time, on the translation industry, will be discussed.
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Hassan, Afshan, Sheikh Aamir Wahid, Devendra Prasad und Pinaki Ghosh. „Design and Development of Android Libraries to be Leveraged by Developer for Better Application Automation“. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, Nr. 9 (01.07.2020): 4543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9276.
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In computer programming jargon, a library can be defined as a collection of prewritten routines that are compiled in advance for use by a programmer. Owing to the popularity of android the developer community envisions the development of android libraries for Android application developers to minimize the coding effort. The focus of this paper revolves around the development of Android libraries which hold great relevance in this digital age. The libraries developed will revolutionize and become soul of hub for application developers. The aim is to kindle service that is yet defying factor in Android application. The newly introduced features will reduce the time and effort that is otherwise invested while developing an Android application and thus this work will serve its destined purpose.
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Kristiansen, Kristian. „The dialectic between global and local perspectives in archaeological theory, heritage and publications“. Archaeological Dialogues 15, Nr. 1 (Juni 2008): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203808002523.
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When I agreed to present the article as a vehicle for discussion at a session at the EAA's annual meeting in Zadar, Croatia, I decided to approach the question of a European archaeology from what I considered to be the three organizing pillars of archaeological practice: heritage, theory and publications. Heritage is the dominant organizational/legislative framework for archaeological practice, and it is where most of the money is spent. Theory, on the other hand, organizes most of our interpretations of the past, while publications are still the most common way of presenting the results of both heritage work (mostly excavations) and interpretations of that work. In this way I hoped to have encircled the dominant parameters for a diagnosis of the archaeological landscapes in Europe. I assumed that there might be some correlation between the three, and that such observed common trends within two or more variables would strengthen the argument, to paraphrase processual jargon.
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De Jong Van Arkel, Jan. „Recent Movements in Pastoral Theology“. Religion and Theology 7, Nr. 2 (2000): 142–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430100x00027.
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AbstractThe article maps the major trends and movements in the field of pastoral care and counselling and pastoral theology during the last ten years as they are reflected in publications. The areas which receive focused attention are the influence of and response to postmodern culture; renewed interest in ethical problems and the way these are attended to; the phenomenal contributions by feminist and womanist pastoral theologians; the much more prominent use of theological language rather than psychological jargon; renewed interest in the importance of pastoral anthropology; the recurring theme of spirituality; the attention given to the communal and contextual aspects of pastoral work; the effort to recognise the importance of making provision for congregational pastoral counselling; and the new emphasis on narrative and outcomes-based models of pastoral counselling. A model is proposed for pastoral work which recognises four distinct forms of care: mutual care, pastoral care, pastoral counselling and pastoral therapy.
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De Jongh Van Arkel, Jan. „Recent Movements in Pastoral Theology“. Religion and Theology 7, Nr. 4 (2000): 142–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430100x00351.
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AbstractThe article maps the major trends and movements in the field of pastoral care and counselling and pastoral theology during the last ten years as they are reflected in publications. The areas which receive focused attention are the influence of and response to postmodern culture; renewed interest in ethical problems and the way these are attended to; the phenomenal contributions by feminist and zuomanist pastoral theologians; the much more prominent use of theological language rather than psychological jargon; renewed interest in the importance of pastoral anthropology; the recurring theme of spirituality; the attention given to the communal and contextual aspects of pastoral work; the effort to recognise the importance of making provision for congregational pastoral counselling; and the new emphasis on narrative and outcomes-based models of pastoral counselling. A model is proposed for pastoral work zuhich recognises four distinct forms of care: mutual care, pastoral care, pastoral counselling and pastoral therapy.
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Balık, Lökçe. „Authorship and language in contemporary architects' books“. SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 11, Nr. 3 (2019): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1903519b.
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This paper examines theoretical, graphical, and material dimensions of the contemporary print culture of architecture with a focus on one work from a variety of European practices. It regards the contemporary architect's book as a speculative and discursive design object. Michel Foucault, particularly in his works, What is an Author? (1969) and The Archaeology of Knowledge (1972), criticises that while constructing an author's body of works, alternative and unclassified genres are omitted from the domain and the texts attached to the single name belong to a system of homogeneity, filiation, and reciprocal explanation. Yet the contemporary architect's book expands the borders of genres by comprising unconventional materials, such as musical notes, artistic photographs, paintings, technical and scientific diagrams, official reports, building regulations, newspaper articles, and advertisements, as well as combining texts and photographs from co-workers, partners, clients, and users, rather than emerging as the product of a single author. The paper interprets the use of various forms of graphical narration and the coalescence of novel terminology and jargon as a contribution to the power of language and discursive formation.
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Perry, R. D. „Chaucer’s “Summoner’s Tale” and the Logic of Literature“. Poetics Today 41, Nr. 1 (01.03.2020): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-7974072.
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This essay discusses the fart joke that ends Geoffrey Chaucer’s “Summoner’s Tale.” It argues that the joke uses the language of medieval philosophy to satirize the work of medieval Scholastic philosophers. The essay begins by examining Chaucer’s relationship to philosophy more broadly and the scholarly controversies over Chaucer’s familiarity with this field of knowledge. It focuses on the way Chaucer uses disciplinary-specific jargon from philosophy, and from medieval logic more particularly, in “The Summoner’s Tale.” The language and content of the joke in “The Summoner’s Tale” are a burlesque play on the interests of the Merton Calculators, who used the logical thinking Scholasticism had developed in response to theological problems to investigate problems associated with natural philosophy. Chaucer’s joke reveals the way that the logical work of philosophers like Thomas Aquinas and the Merton Calculators relies on formal qualities more closely associated with literature, namely, character and narrative. In making a case that literature and logic rely on these same formal structures, Chaucer affirms literature’s capacity to present examples, concrete manifestations of philosophical or logical problems. He suggests that logic is attempting to make stories to work out problems, something that literature can do more effectively.
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Pratt, Joanne H. „Teleworkers, Trips, and Telecommunications: Technology Drives Telework—But Does It Reduce Trips?“ Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1817, Nr. 1 (Januar 2002): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1817-08.
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Work-at-home data from federal and proprietary survey series are analyzed to determine why counts of people who work at home do not agree and to gain new insight into the impact of technology and telecommunications on telework and trip reduction. Questions were added to surveys including the American Housing Survey, Current Population Survey, and nationwide personal transportation survey by using a piggybacking strategy. The analysis found that the total number of persons who work at home as a percentage of total workers appears to be holding steady at about 16% to 17%. Similarly, the number of employees doing any work at home has not markedly increased. Work at home during the business day has risen sharply, apparently because of the increased availability of personal computers and the Internet in homes, but the rise may be leveling off. The analysis suggests that the occupational groups most likely to increase in numbers and frequency of teleworking are managerial and professional groups and sales. Countertrends that may decrease telework are discussed. The analysis illustrates the value of adding work-at-home questions to employment, housing, and technology surveys as well as to travel surveys. It emphasizes the need for consistency in questioning over time and the elimination of the use of jargon from surveys so that trends can be monitored.
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COHEN, HARVEY G. „Recent Music History Scholarship: Pleasures and Drawbacks“. Journal of American Studies 49, Nr. 2 (Mai 2015): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875815000146.
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We academics who write about music, something often eminently enjoyable, are privileged people. It doesn't mean that we sit around spending an inordinate amount of time grooving to various recordings, although this kind of activity is not unknown to exist. Many historians fall in love with their subject matter to some extent, while keeping a sense of impartiality in their work, but perhaps with music this affection is easier to cultivate compared to other subjects. During my two decades in academia, I have noticed that some seem to want to justify their working in such a field by infusing their writing with impenetrable jargon and theory known only to a few hundred fellow travellers, making the research they publish largely indecipherable to the general reading public. It's as if they're intimating that there must be an existential price to pay for daring to write about a subject that some (incorrectly) see as only pleasurable, that obfuscation needs to be applied to make work about music seem sufficiently serious for academics to justify doing it.
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Montoro del Arco, Esteban T., und Mercedes Roldán Vendrell. „Terminología, normalización y comunicación“. Terminology 19, Nr. 1 (29.04.2013): 62–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.19.1.03mon.
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The existing language of oliviculture and elaiotechnics makes evident the significant development of this specialised field over the past decades. The progressive industrialisation and professionalization of this sector has progressively given rise to a new terminology that is updating the old jargon and is undergoing important normalisation processes. The present work focuses on the normalisation of the designations and definitions of olive oil categories. We also consider the usefulness of such actions and evaluate the differences between the currently marketed types of olive oil in order to reduce the difficulties in their analysis, classification, control and marketing. This study finally brings forward a denominative and definitional proposal for olive oil categories based on the theoretical assumptions of the project Olivaterm. Our proposal is directed at making information clear to the consumer as well as at facilitating the retrieval of specialised knowledge.
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Rodriguez, Michael. „Absolutely FABulous: Collecting and celebrating faculty-authored books“. College & Research Libraries News 82, Nr. 3 (04.03.2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.82.3.125.
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In 2019, the University of Connecticut (UConn) Library began systematically collecting faculty-authored books (FABs). We envisioned the collection as a service—a program to capture and celebrate faculty work and ensure that their intellectual contributions were represented in the library’s collections. Under the leadership of our new dean, we crafted and communicated jargon-free program parameters, collaborated with liaison librarians and book vendors to purchase more than 220 FABs, and collaborated with communications staff to pursue events and marketing to publicize this new collecting area. UConn is a large public research university with more than 30,000 students and 1,500 full-time faculty who publish scores of books yearly, so this FAB service resonated with faculty and senior administrators alike. Though we are adjusting to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact, FABs have become a signature initiative for UConn Library.
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Zhang, Don C. „Art of the Sale: Recommendations for Sharing Research With Mainstream Media and Senior Leaders“. Industrial and Organizational Psychology 11, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2018): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.119.
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Research collaborations are two-way streets. To obtain support from organizations, academics must communicate the value of their research projects to the stakeholders. In their focal article, Lapierre et al., (2018) described this process as the academic “sales pitch”, one that must be “short yet attention grabbing” (p.20). Academic research in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology, however, is rooted in esoteric jargon (e.g., validity and reliability) and unconvincing evidence (e.g., r and r2) (Highhouse, Brooks, Nesnidol, & Sim, 2017; Rynes, 2009). These concepts are difficult for non-academics to understand and may even undermine the value of our work (Brooks, Dalal, & Nolan, 2014; Kuncel & Rigdon, 2012; Mattern, Kobrin, Patterson, Shaw, & Camara, 2009). CEOs and other senior leaders often have limited time, attention, and expertise to process your pitch: A bad one could effectively derail the collaboration before it even began.
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Rodina, Nadezhda A. „Metaphor as a means of creating a new meaning (based on the nicknames of Russian military personnel)“. Neophilology, Nr. 23 (2020): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-23-456-462.
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We analyze the linguistic metaphor as a means of creating a new meaning of word. We consider the varieties of metaphor – cognitive and conceptual – in the understanding of foreign and domestic linguists of the precognitive and cognitive periods. We conclude that the terminological combination is correctly applied conceptual metaphor in relation to a linguistic phenomenon. This question is relevant at present, since associative transfer when assigning naming objects and persons is widespread in modern onomastics. In addition, in professional groups, as part of jargon existence, a metaphor is a universal tool for the formation of nicknames. The work provides an example of conceptual metaphor usage to create nicknames for Russian military personnel. From a cognitive point of view, we describe naming, data for the features of the appearance, behavior, character of the army representatives. The study is based on living language material collected by the method of questioning and direct interviewing of military personnel of St. Petersburg. The ma-terial and results of the study can be used in the educational process both in civilian and military universities at seminars and special courses in onomastics, as well as in the compilation of the “Dictionary of Military Nicknames”.
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Balič, Tina. „Attitudes towards Euro-English in a European Union Institution“. ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 13, Nr. 2 (16.12.2016): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.13.2.131-152.
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This study deals with the attitudinal aspect of Euro-English, denoting a specific form of the English language that is frequently used within the institutions of the European Union. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 285 representatives who work for one of these institutions in Brussels. The respondents were asked to rate several deviations from Standard English, identified in a corpus-based analysis of EU texts, as either ‘acceptable’ or ‘unacceptable’ English usage. The findings reveal that the high acceptability rates of the proposed features among the non-native English-speaking respondents were mainly related to their proficiency in English and/or mother tongue interference. Moreover, since native speakers of English also accepted most of the proposed deviations, it follows that the participants did not seem to be aware of non-standardness in the test sentences. Euro-English must be regarded as EU jargon due to its technical, administrative or legal nature and not as a separate non-standard form of English for EU institutional settings.
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Miller, Laura. „Theme Issue on Asia Knowledge: Inside and Outside the Ivory Tower“. Journal of American-East Asian Relations 20, Nr. 4 (2013): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02004006.
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This essay shares some narratives and motivations that led to this special set of JAEAR articles on how knowledge about Asia is generated, constructed and received. What are the benefits, as well as the challenges, of sharing academic research with a broad range of audiences and readerships? When academics move beyond the scholarly text to produce museum exhibits, documentary films, blogs, interviews with journalists, and other forms of media, the results can be highly rewarding but also, at times, at frustrating. The problems we experienced when sharing academic knowledge rarely related to the use of scholarly jargon or esoteric topics, but rather with audience ideologies, stereotypes, and expectations. Our stance as scholars is not necessarily appreciated outside the academy, and can occasionally antagonize the public. In some instances non-specialists misuse or misunderstand our research. This essay, and the articles that follow, ask us to reflect on the production of academic work and its reception in a variety of domains.
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Deumert, Ana. „Settler colonialism speaks“. Language Ecology 2, Nr. 1-2 (09.11.2018): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.18006.deu.
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Abstract In this article I explore a particular set of contact varieties that emerged in Namibia, a former German colony. Historical evidence comes from the genre of autobiographic narratives that were written by German settler women. These texts provide – ideologically filtered – descriptions of domestic life in the colony and contain observations about everyday communication practices. In interpreting the data I draw on the idea of ‘jargon’ as developed within creolistics as well as on Chabani Manganyi’s (1970) comments on the ‘master-servant communication complex’, and Beatriz Lorente’s (2017) work on ‘scripts of servitude’. I suggest that to interpret the historical record is a complex hermeneutic endeavour: on the one hand, the examples given are likely to tell us ‘something’ about communication in the colony; on the other hand, the very description of communicative interactions is rooted in what I call a ‘script of supremacy’, which is quite unlike the ‘atonement politics’ (McIntosh 2014) of postcolonial language learning.
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Kapusta, Małgorzata. „Serce Edmonda de Amicisa w tłumaczeniu Marii Konopnickiej – analiza wybranych fragmentów .“ Poradnik Językowy, Nr. 2/2021(781) (27.02.2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2021.2.2.
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The subject matter of this paper is the language and stylistics of selected fragments of „Serce” (“Heart”), a children’s novel by Edmondo de Amicisa in the 19th-century translation into Polish by Maria Konopnicka. With reference to selected translation theories, the conducted analysis covers the strategy adopted by the translator, that is one consisting in familiarising the Polish reader with foreign realities while preserving their originality and “foreignness” (i.e. the simultaneous “domestication” and “foreignisation”). This determines the faithfulness and up-to-dateness of her translation, re-editions of which have been published to this day as it is appreciated for its rich language and accurate rendition of the original style. Due to the similarity to her own writing technique, the translator appropriately refl ects the nature of the work, enriching it with elements of school jargon and colloquial language. Despite the presence of archaisms, Konopnicka’s language has remained comprehensible to the contemporary reader. Keywords: artistic language – language of translation – translation studies – Edmondo de Amicis
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Soo Hoo, E. Randolph, und Stephen L. Demeter. „Job Validation Studies and Physical Agility Testing: Is the Vendor Telling You What They Think You Want or Are You Telling Them What You Need?“ Guides Newsletter 21, Nr. 6 (01.11.2016): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2016.novdec02.
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Abstract Referring agents may ask independent medical evaluators if the examinee can return to work in either a normal or a restricted capacity; similarly, employers may ask external parties to conduct this type of assessment before a hire or after an injury. Functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) are used to measure agility and strength, but they have limitations and use technical jargon or concepts that can be confusing. This article clarifies key terms and concepts related to FCEs. The basic approach to a job analysis is to collect information about the job using a variety of methods, analyze the data, and summarize the data to determine specific factors required for the job. No single, optimal job analysis or validation method is applicable to every work situation or company, but the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission offers technical standards for each type of validity study. FCEs are a systematic method of measuring an individual's ability to perform various activities, and results are matched to descriptions of specific work-related tasks. Results of physical abilities/agilities tests are reported as “matching” or “not matching” job demands or “pass” or “fail” meeting job criteria. Individuals who fail an employment physical agility test often challenge the results on the basis that the test was poorly conducted, that the test protocol was not reflective of the job, or that levels for successful completion were inappropriate.
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Wumaier, Aishan, Cuiyun Xu, Zaokere Kadeer, Wenqi Liu, Yingbo Wang, Xireaili Haierla, Maihemuti Maimaiti, ShengWei Tian und Alimu Saimaiti. „A Neural-Network-Based Approach to Chinese–Uyghur Organization Name Translation“. Information 11, Nr. 10 (21.10.2020): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11100492.
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The recognition and translation of organization names (ONs) is challenging due to the complex structures and high variability involved. ONs consist not only of common generic words but also names, rare words, abbreviations and business and industry jargon. ONs are a sub-class of named entity (NE) phrases, which convey key information in text. As such, the correct translation of ONs is critical for machine translation and cross-lingual information retrieval. The existing Chinese–Uyghur neural machine translation systems have performed poorly when applied to ON translation tasks. As there are no publicly available Chinese–Uyghur ON translation corpora, an ON translation corpus is developed here, which includes 191,641 ON translation pairs. A word segmentation approach involving characterization, tagged characterization, byte pair encoding (BPE) and syllabification is proposed here for ON translation tasks. A recurrent neural network (RNN) attention framework and transformer are adapted here for ON translation tasks with different sequence granularities. The experimental results indicate that the transformer model not only outperforms the RNN attention model but also benefits from the proposed word segmentation approach. In addition, a Chinese–Uyghur ON translation system is developed here to automatically generate new translation pairs. This work significantly improves Chinese–Uyghur ON translation and can be applied to improve Chinese–Uyghur machine translation and cross-lingual information retrieval. It can also easily be extended to other agglutinative languages.
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Malyuga, Elena N., Maria Ivanova und Rita Feigina. „British and Australian Corporate Communication: A Socio-Linguistic Perspective“. International Journal of English Linguistics 10, Nr. 5 (14.07.2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n5p125.
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In this study, the corpora of British and Australian corporate communications were compared with the aim of specifying their sociolinguistic features in the context of five lexical and stylistic markers: professional jargon, as well as expressive, colloquial, uncodified and evaluative lexis. Lexical and stylistic characteristics of corporate communication from the point of view of a sociolinguistic approach were analyzed using transcripts of British and Australian communicative corporate interactions. The methods of continuous sampling, comparative, lexical-stylistic and sociolinguistic analysis were implemented to process an assembled corpus of 158 authentic transcripts. Based on the results of the analysis, quantitative data were compared, reflecting the volume of use of the indicated lexical-stylistic markers in the two samples. Quantitative data were subsequently analyzed to determine sociolinguistic characteristics that can be assessed as specific features of the communicative behavior of British and Australian superiors in dealing with subordinates. For each of the markers of lexical-stylistic differentiation under consideration, the two samples analyzed in the work showed differing results of a varied and at the same time exponential degree of discrepancy.
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Hill, Jason T., und Victoria Rose Messer. „Decoding Water Law“. Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 5, Nr. 4 (Mai 2019): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v5.i4.1.
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Texas water law is not a model of clarity. As a body of law, it is riddled with jargon, double-meaning, and esoteric context that can sometimes read and work like a Rube Goldberg device. Landowners not trained in the dark arts of Texas water rights and regulation are often (rightfully) frustrated with attempts to understand, exercise, market, and simply explain one of the most important property rights in Texas agriculture. Fear not. While not a categorical truth, much of Texas’ water law can be translated into a language that is helpful to those involved in Texas agriculture. The authors give no guarantee that this Article will be a precise decoder ring for growers, ranchers, lenders, brokers, and the like, but hopefully it will be useful to these important groups, nonetheless. This Article will include quick tips for ag practitioners dealing with water law issues in Texas. While each one of these topics could be a paper in itself, the topics will conclude with links/resources for additional information.
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McGinn, Colin. „The Mind of God“. European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 7, Nr. 4 (22.12.2015): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v7i4.92.
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A radically dualist view of the relationship between God and the universe is apt to make the problem of Divine intervention more difficult than under other metaphysical conceptions. We need to find a closer relationship than this if the causal picture is to work. We could try saying that God is realized by the universe, without being reducible to the universe. He has no further substance over and above that of the universe, but he is not simply identical to the universe (I suppose this would qualify as a type of pantheism). I am not sure I know what this idea of realization comes to for the case of God and the universe, but it least it promises to make it feasible for God to be enmeshed in the natural causal order, without collapsing into it. It is not so much that God intervenes as supervenes, to use the jargon. On this picture, there is a mega- universe that includes both the physical universe and God, with the two locked somehow together.
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Putra, Heru Permana, und Desi Syafriani. „OTONOMI DAERAH DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DAERAH BERNUASA SYARIAH DI KOTA PADANG“. Islam Transformatif : Journal of Islamic Studies 3, Nr. 2 (18.12.2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/it.v3i2.2417.
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<p><em>Sharia-based policies can be understood as tangible manifestations in increasing regional participation in the development of religious life and assisting government work programs. The Mayor of Padang gave rise to sharia-based policies because seeing the condition of the students in Padang many did not care about the rules set in religion and many had violated the rules and norms of religion prevailing so far in the Minangkabau culture in general and the City of Padang in particular, as well as many students who are not good at reading the Koran and other religious rituals such as prayer, remembrance and so on. For the political elite, the ABS-SBK space is not only a cultural construction but also a political space. They make the cultural jargon as a policy orientation through the emergence of regional regulations, so that ABS-SBK becomes something formal-legalistic. From mapping the formulation of policy models, sharia-based policies use a more problem-oriented policy formulation process.</em></p>
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Serjeant, R. B. „The Zaydī tribes of the Yemen: a new field study“. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 55, Nr. 1 (Februar 1992): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00002627.
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In a recent work, Paul Dresch gives us an admirable study, hard to praise too highly, well researched, engagingly written, with mercifully little of sociological jargon. His field contact and knowledge of the (Zaydī) tribes of the northern Yemeni Arab Republic is of the kind of experienced political officers in the former Aden Protectorates like the well-known late Major Ian Snell and ‘Johnny’ Johnson, to which he adds the ability to relate his findings to the Arabian cultural background. Dresch makes use of Arabic documents, printed or MS, and uses the valuable evidence of political verse that I do not recall seeing utilized by other writers on Yemeni society. It is a pleasure to see Arabic correctly vocalized and transliterated, not mangled and distorted. A glossary of the technical terms of tribal law would have been of great value to scholars— many of these are known but more than a few, special to the region, are not. (Can one hope to see these in a further publication?)
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Matsuki, Noriaki, Motohiro Takeda, Masahiro Yamano, Yohsuke Imai, Takuji Ishikawa und Takami Yamaguchi. „Effects of unique biomedical education programs for engineers: REDEEM and ESTEEM projects“. Advances in Physiology Education 33, Nr. 2 (Juni 2009): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.90120.2008.
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Current engineering applications in the medical arena are extremely progressive. However, it is rather difficult for medical doctors and engineers to discuss issues because they do not always understand one another's jargon or ways of thinking. Ideally, medical engineers should become acquainted with medicine, and engineers should be able to understand how medical doctors think. Tohoku University in Japan has managed a number of unique reeducation programs for working engineers. Recurrent Education for the Development of Engineering Enhanced Medicine has been offered as a basic learning course since 2004, and Education through Synergetic Training for Engineering Enhanced Medicine has been offered as an advanced learning course since 2006. These programs, which were developed especially for engineers, consist of interactive, modular, and disease-based lectures (case studies) and substantial laboratory work. As a result of taking these courses, all students obtained better objective outcomes, on tests, and subjective outcomes, through student satisfaction. In this article, we report on our unique biomedical education programs for engineers and their effects on working engineers.
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Gazdag, Vilmosh, und Oleksandr Kordonets. „RUSSIAN LEXICAL ELEMENTS FROM MILITARY LIFE IN LÁSZLO VÁRI-FÁBIAN’S NOVEL «CAMP POST»“. Philological Review, Nr. 1 (31.05.2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.1.2021.232603.
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In Transcarpathia, where the Hungarian minority lives compactly, the situation with the Hungarian military language is such that it does not function either as a terminological vocabulary or as a professional jargon in the traditional sense. This is due to the fact that in the army, official communication takes place exclusively in the state language. According to this fact, Transcarpathian Hungarian men learned military terminological vocabulary depending on the time of service either in Russian or in Ukrainian. Due to the lack of opportunities to use the native language, we cannot talk about the existence of Hungarian army slang during military service. Thus, after demobilization, military terms that appear in the memories of former conscripts, due to lack of knowledge of their counterparts in their native language, are replaced by Slavic elements learned during the service, which are naturally assimilated in the Transcarpathian Hungarian dialects. In the article, on the example of a literary prose work written in the form of memories, an attempt is made to analyze lexemes from army life, which were learned in the language of the Transcarpathian Hungarians.
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Nani, Gabriel, Peter Edwards, Theophilus Adjei-Kumi, Edward Badu und Peter Amoah. „Customisation and Desirable Characteristics of a Standard Method of Measurement for Building Works in Ghana“. Construction Economics and Building 8, Nr. 2 (23.11.2012): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v8i2.3004.
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This paper reports a study that identified andcategorised the modifications to the 5thEdition of the British Standard Method ofMeasurement (SMM5) of building works inGhana. Typical modifications involved ‘costinsignificant items’, ‘minor labour items’,‘custom units of measurement’, ‘methodrelated items’, ‘combinable items’,‘subordinate items’, and ‘items of minorinformative impact’. It was also observed thatthe desirable characteristics/ qualities ofstandard methods of measurement (SMM) ofbuilding work were noteworthy, since theyprovide insight into the nature of a SMMrequired for the construction industry inGhana.The research reviewed available literature,various SMMs and bills of quantities (BQs).The relevance of the modifications andSMM characteristics identified wasconfirmed by a survey of the opinions ofprofessional quantity surveyors conductedthrough a carefully designed questionnaire.Inferences from the opinion survey formedthe basis for grouping both SMMmodifications found and the desired qualitiesof a SMM for Ghana.Survey respondents confirmed all theidentified modifications to the British SMM,except for the elimination of items of minorinformative impact. It was held that allinformation was relevant in measurement.Desirable characteristics of a SMM were ratedin decreasing order of relevance as: easylocation of items; cost significance; simplicity;thoroughness; ease of cost analysis; goodpractice; conciseness; adoptability; precision;industry practice; stakeholders’ opinion;custom classification; regional relevance; andinclusion of jargon. It was noted that therelevance of these characteristics may varyform one region to the other as a result oftechnological, cultural and legal differences.However, the desired SMM characteristicswere recommended as fundamental indeveloping an appropriate SMM for Ghana.